WO2012125643A2 - Elimination de sulfure d'hydrogène dans une solution aqueuse d'ammoniaque - Google Patents

Elimination de sulfure d'hydrogène dans une solution aqueuse d'ammoniaque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012125643A2
WO2012125643A2 PCT/US2012/028936 US2012028936W WO2012125643A2 WO 2012125643 A2 WO2012125643 A2 WO 2012125643A2 US 2012028936 W US2012028936 W US 2012028936W WO 2012125643 A2 WO2012125643 A2 WO 2012125643A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen sulfide
ammonia
contact zone
liquid
stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2012/028936
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2012125643A3 (fr
Inventor
Mark Anderson
Michael Ray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThioSolv LLC
Original Assignee
ThioSolv LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThioSolv LLC filed Critical ThioSolv LLC
Priority to ES12757938.1T priority Critical patent/ES2656223T3/es
Priority to HRP20180173TT priority patent/HRP20180173T1/hr
Priority to BR112013023521-7A priority patent/BR112013023521B1/pt
Priority to CA2829929A priority patent/CA2829929C/fr
Priority to EP12757938.1A priority patent/EP2686276B1/fr
Priority to PL12757938T priority patent/PL2686276T3/pl
Publication of WO2012125643A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012125643A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2012125643A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012125643A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/64—Thiosulfates; Dithionites; Polythionates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
    • C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
    • C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)

Definitions

  • Hydrogen sulfide (3 ⁇ 4S) and ammonia are commonly found together in process streams produced in commercial processes such as petroleum refining and gasification of carbon- containing materials such as coal, petroleum coke, and heavy oils.
  • the ammonia is removed from gaseous or liquid streams immiscible with water by washing with water and subsequent separation of the phases. Dissolution of the ammonia in the wash water also renders soluble a roughly equimolar amount of hydrogen sulfide.
  • waste waters containing hydrogen sulfide ("sour water”) must be treated before discharge or reuse. If the liquid stream is to be discharged to public waters, the ammonia must also be removed.
  • sour water is treated by distillation to remove both hydrogen sulfide and ammonia as a gaseous mixture.
  • the gas mixture may be further treated in a Claus process, an industry standard for recovery of elemental sulfur.
  • the ammonia in the gas mixture is incinerated in the Claus process to form water and nitrogen gas.
  • sour water may be treated by taking advantage of the fact that the ratio of partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide to the partial pressure of ammonia over water solution increases with increasing temperatures.
  • the sour water is treated under elevated pressure in a two-part distillation process.
  • the first distillation strips out most of the hydrogen sulfide and minor amounts of ammonia as an overhead gas product, which may be further treated with a Claus process.
  • the second distillation produces an overhead gas stream, comprising ammonia with minor amounts of hydrogen sulfide, and a bottoms water stream suitable for discharge or reuse.
  • the one or more embodiments of the invention provide a process for efficiently eliminating hydrogen sulfide in a fluid which comprises ammonia by converting the hydrogen sulfide to ammonium thiosulfate, which has commercial value.
  • the processes of the invention reduce the cost of removing hydrogen sulfide in comparison to physical separation or reactive solvents.
  • the ammonium thiosulfate and ammonia products are marketable, which can offset process costs.
  • the process comprises contacting, in a first contact zone, a first liquid stream, anhydrous or aqueous, comprising ammonia and hydrogen sulfide ("sour ammonia") with a second stream, liquid or gas, comprising sulfur dioxide.
  • the first contact zone produces a liquid effluent comprising ammonia and ammonium thiosulfate.
  • the first contact zone also yields an overhead gas comprising ammonia and sulfur dioxide and insoluble and inert gaseous compounds that may have been present in the second stream.
  • Water may be added to the first contact zone if necessary to satisfy the stoichiometric demand for one mol of water per each two mols of hydrogen sulfide converted to thiosulfate or to prevent precipitation of ammonium thiosulfate salt.
  • the first contact zone overhead gas is sent to a second contact zone where it is washed by a scrub solution comprising at least one of water and a dilute ammonium sulfite solution. At least a portion of the second contact zone liquid effluent, comprising ammonium sulfite and ammonium bisulfite, may be recycled to the first contact zone
  • the process comprises diverting at least a portion of the first contact zone liquid effluent to an evaporator that separates the effluent into an evaporator overhead gas product comprised of ammonia commercially free of hydrogen sulfide and an evaporator liquid effluent product comprised of ammonium thiosulfate.
  • hydrogen sulfide concentration in the feed may be increased.
  • One method of increasing the hydrogen sulfide concentration is by adding hydrogen sulfide to the feed or directly to contact zone.
  • Another means of increasing the ratio of sulfur to ammonia in the product is to reduce the separation of hydrogen sulfide from the ammonia sulfur in a preceding distillation step.
  • Another means of increasing to the desired level the ratio of sulfur to nitrogen in the first contact liquid effluent is by adding ammonium thiosulfate.
  • the sulfites and bisulfites supplied to the first contact zone are supplied as sulfites of one or more of metal cations.
  • the cations may be from the family of ammonia, alkaline metals, alkaline earth metals, and other metals whose presence is not objectionable to the intended use of the ammonia.
  • hydrogen sulfide is removed from an anhydrous first liquid stream, comprising hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, by passing the anhydrous first liquid stream through a porous bed selected from the group consisting of metal sulfites, metal bisulfites, and combinations thereof, wherein the hydrogen sulfide is converted to ammonium thiosulfate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the process.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Waste water containing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide (“sour water”) is incidentally produced in commercial processes such as petroleum refining, gasification of various carbon-containing materials such as coal, petroleum coke, and heavy oils, and by anaerobic digestion of organic wastes, such as manure. Because of the toxicity of the hydrogen sulfide, the sour water must be treated to remove the hydrogen sulfide before discharge or reuse, hydrogen sulfide is typically removed from the sour water by distillation. This process also removes most of any ammonia also present in the sour water in a vapor mixture with the hydrogen sulfide ("sour water stripper gas").
  • the sour water stripper gas may be further treated by feeding it to a Claus process, in which the hydrogen sulfide is converted to and recovered as elemental sulfur, or preferably, by feeding it to the ThioSolvTM SWAATSTM process wherein both ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are converted to ammonium thiosulfate solution, an article of commerce used primarily as a fertilizer.
  • An alternate process for treating the sour water exploits the well-known principle that Henry's constant of hydrogen sulfide over water rises more rapidly with temperature than the Henry's constant of ammonia.
  • the process is to distill the sour water in two steps under elevated pressure, so that the volatility of hydrogen sulfide is much higher than that of ammonia.
  • the first distillation produces a first overhead product stream comprising most of the hydrogen sulfide from the sour water and a minor concentration of ammonia and an aqueous bottom stream containing most of the ammonia present in the sour water and a relatively small amount of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the first overhead product stream is then fed to a sulfur recovery process, such as a Claus unit.
  • the aqueous bottom stream is fed to a second distillation step that produces a second bottom product water stream with the concentration of ammonia reduced to render it suitable for discharge or reuse and a second overhead vapor stream comprising ammonia and a small concentration of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the overhead product stream from the second fractionation step is typically further processed by compression and extractive distillation to produce an aqueous ammonia or liquid anhydrous ammonia product containing some hydrogen sulfide. Further processing may be used to reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the produced ammonia.
  • the ammonia product contains a small concentration of hydrogen sulfide (from a few parts per million to a few percent by weight), and is, therefore, not acceptable for many of the uses for ammonia not containing hydrogen sulfide.
  • the ammonia product contaminated with hydrogen sulfide is sold at a substantial discount compared to the current market price of pure ammonia, the discount typically increasing with the concentration of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the contaminated ammonia may be burned to recover its heating value, though sulfur dioxide must be captured to meet emission standards.
  • the contaminated ammonia in either anhydrous or aqueous phase, as mentioned earlier, may be sold at a substantial discount to market price.
  • the ammonia product would be suitable for use as fertilizer.
  • Current processes for hydrogen sulfide removal are usually not economically feasible when compared with synthetic ammonia free of hydrogen sulfide.
  • the one or more embodiments of the invention provide an economically efficient process for treating a liquid, either anhydrous or aqueous, comprising ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) - "sour ammonia".
  • a solution comprising sulfur dioxide (S0 2 ) reacts with the sour ammonia to convert hydrogen sulfide to ammonium thiosulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 S 2 0 3 ) (as thiosulfate and ammonium ions in solution) according to the following reactions: 6 NH 3 + 4 S0 2 + 2 H 2 S + H 2 0 -> 3 (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 0 3
  • the hydrogen sulfide is thus converted to a non hazardous material. Additionally, ammonium thiosulfate, ammonia, and the combinations thereof are marketable products.
  • Figure 1 depicts a process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a liquid comprising hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
  • the process comprises contacting a first liquid stream 1 with a second stream 4 in a first contact zone 3.
  • a fresh ammonia stream 2 either aqueous or gaseous, may be added to at least one of the first liquid stream 1 and first contact zone 3.
  • the term contact zone may include any combination of towers, columns, trays, vessels, pumps, valves, control systems, and any other equipment known in the art useful in contacting liquids and gases.
  • the first liquid stream 1 may comprise hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in either anhydrous or aqueous form.
  • the second stream 4 may comprise sulfur dioxide in either liquid or gaseous form or sulfite and bisulfite ions in solution.
  • the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide react with the sulfur dioxide and bisulfite ions in the first contact zone 3 to form ammonium thiosulfate.
  • the first contact zone liquid effluent 6 may comprise ammonium thiosulfate and ammonia.
  • the first contact zone overhead gas 7 may comprise ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and insoluble gases that may have been present in the second stream 4.
  • Sulfur dioxide may be added to ammonia by one of many means, including, co- and countercurrent contacting equipment, venturi scrubbers, or any means known in the art of bringing the sulfur dioxide into contact with the solution.
  • the first contact zone overhead gas 7 may be sent to a second contact zone 8 where it is washed with a scrubbing solution 14.
  • the scrubbing solution 14 may comprise at least one of water and a dilute ammonium sulfite solution.
  • the second contact zone 8 produces an second contact zone overhead gas 9 and a second contact zone liquid effluent 10 comprising ammonium sulfite and ammonium bisulfite.
  • This second contact zone liquid effluent 10 may be recycled to the first contact zone 3.
  • the second contact zone liquid effluent 10 may be recycled to the first contact zone 3 either directly or via the second stream 4.
  • the first contact zone liquid effluent 6, comprising ammonia and ammonium thiosulfate may be sent to an evaporator 11 to separate ammonia that is now substantially free of hydrogen sulfide, as a gas 12 from ammonium thiosulfate in liquid form 13.
  • the ratio of ammonium thiosulfate to ammonia in the first contact zone liquid effluent 6 exiting the first contact zone 3 may be increased by increasing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the first liquid stream 1.
  • the concentration may be increased either by adding hydrogen sulfide to the first liquid stream 1 or by reducing the separation of hydrogen sulfide from the first liquid stream 1 in a preceding distillation step.
  • an aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium thiosulfate comprising about 20% nitrogen and 5% sulfur by weight may be produced.
  • Such a composition has commercial value as a fertilizer.
  • a product takeoff 15 for use in fertilizer products.
  • the ratio of sulfur to nitrogen in the product takeoff 15 may be further increased by adding ammonium thiosulfate 16'.
  • the first liquid stream 1 may be contacted by passing it through a solid bisulfite contained in a vessel as a porous bed of solid granular or crystalline salt (not shown).
  • sulfite and bisulfite ions are delivered to the first contact zone 3 as an aqueous solution of metal sulfites and bisulfites.
  • metals may be of the group of ammonia, alkaline metals, alkaline earth metals, and other metals whose presence in the ammonia is not objectionable to the intended use of the product.

Landscapes

  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés pour éliminer sélectivement le sulfure d'hydrogène d'ammoniaque liquide, anhydre ou bien aqueux. Les procédés comprennent de manière générale la mise en contact d'un premier courant de liquide, anhydre ou aqueux, comprenant de l'ammoniaque et du sulfure d'hydrogène, avec une solution comprenant du dioxyde de soufre pour convertir le sulfure d'hydrogène en thiosulfate.
PCT/US2012/028936 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 Elimination de sulfure d'hydrogène dans une solution aqueuse d'ammoniaque Ceased WO2012125643A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES12757938.1T ES2656223T3 (es) 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 Eliminación de sulfuro de hidrógeno en amoniaco acuoso
HRP20180173TT HRP20180173T1 (hr) 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 Uklanjanje sumporovodika u vodenoj otopini amonijaka
BR112013023521-7A BR112013023521B1 (pt) 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 processo de eliminação do sulfeto de hidrogênio da amônia líquida
CA2829929A CA2829929C (fr) 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 Elimination du sulfure d'hydrogene de l'ammoniaque liquide
EP12757938.1A EP2686276B1 (fr) 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 Elimination de sulfure d'hydrogène dans une solution aqueuse d'ammoniaque
PL12757938T PL2686276T3 (pl) 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 Usuwanie siarkowodoru z wodnego roztworu amoniaku

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161465041P 2011-03-14 2011-03-14
US61/465,041 2011-03-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012125643A2 true WO2012125643A2 (fr) 2012-09-20
WO2012125643A3 WO2012125643A3 (fr) 2014-05-01

Family

ID=46828623

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2012/028936 Ceased WO2012125643A2 (fr) 2011-03-14 2012-03-13 Elimination de sulfure d'hydrogène dans une solution aqueuse d'ammoniaque

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US8491798B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2686276B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013023521B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2829929C (fr)
ES (1) ES2656223T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20180173T1 (fr)
NO (1) NO2780306T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2686276T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012125643A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9364773B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2016-06-14 Anschutz Exploration Corporation Method and system for removing hydrogen sulfide from sour oil and sour water
CA2843041C (fr) 2013-02-22 2017-06-13 Anschutz Exploration Corporation Methode et systeme d'extraction de sulfure d'hydrogene de petrole acide et d'eau acide
US9708196B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2017-07-18 Anschutz Exploration Corporation Method and system for removing hydrogen sulfide from sour oil and sour water
US11440815B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2022-09-13 Anschutz Exploration Corporation Method and system for removing hydrogen sulfide from sour oil and sour water
WO2020160998A1 (fr) * 2019-02-04 2020-08-13 Haldor Topsøe A/S Procédé de purification de biogaz lors de la production d'un engrais contenant du soufre
WO2024086416A1 (fr) * 2022-10-18 2024-04-25 ThioSolv, LLC Procédé de production d'une solution de bisulfite et de sulfite d'ammonium à partir de gaz ammoniac
US20250223196A1 (en) * 2024-01-04 2025-07-10 Saudi Arabian Oil Company H2s removal from produced water by plasma

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8491798B2 (en) 2013-07-23
PL2686276T3 (pl) 2018-04-30
BR112013023521B1 (pt) 2020-12-08
CA2829929C (fr) 2015-03-03
EP2686276A2 (fr) 2014-01-22
BR112013023521A2 (pt) 2016-12-06
US20120237430A1 (en) 2012-09-20
ES2656223T3 (es) 2018-02-26
EP2686276A4 (fr) 2015-11-25
HRP20180173T1 (hr) 2018-03-09
EP2686276B1 (fr) 2017-11-01
NO2780306T3 (fr) 2018-01-06
WO2012125643A3 (fr) 2014-05-01
CA2829929A1 (fr) 2012-09-20

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