WO2012134243A2 - Alliage maître à base de mg-al-ca pour des alliages de mg, et procédé de production de celui-ci - Google Patents

Alliage maître à base de mg-al-ca pour des alliages de mg, et procédé de production de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012134243A2
WO2012134243A2 PCT/KR2012/002426 KR2012002426W WO2012134243A2 WO 2012134243 A2 WO2012134243 A2 WO 2012134243A2 KR 2012002426 W KR2012002426 W KR 2012002426W WO 2012134243 A2 WO2012134243 A2 WO 2012134243A2
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Prior art keywords
alloy
weight
magnesium
composition
composition ratio
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PCT/KR2012/002426
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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WO2012134243A3 (fr
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김세광
임현규
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Korea Institute of Industrial Technology KITECH
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Korea Institute of Industrial Technology KITECH
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Priority to US14/008,081 priority Critical patent/US20140010702A1/en
Priority to CN201280021220.1A priority patent/CN103502494B/zh
Priority to EP12763216.4A priority patent/EP2692883B1/fr
Publication of WO2012134243A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012134243A2/fr
Publication of WO2012134243A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012134243A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Mg-Al-Ca-based mother alloy used for the addition of alloying elements for producing an Mg alloy, and a method for producing the same.
  • the magnesium alloy has a density of about 1.8 g / cm 3 and has the lowest density among commercial structural alloys developed to date and has excellent specific strength and inelastic coefficient. In particular, it has excellent absorbency against vibration and shock, and has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, processability, fatigue at high temperatures, and impact properties. In particular, it has a number of excellent characteristics that meet the requirements in the field where weight reduction for weight reduction, such as hydrogen equipment such as automotive, aircraft, defense industry and general machinery is essential.
  • magnesium alloy has a specific gravity of 1.79 to 1.81, which is about 35% lighter than aluminum alloy and at the same time excellent in mechanical properties. That is, the elastic modulus / density value of magnesium alloy is similar to that of aluminum or steel, but the weight reduction effect is much larger than that of aluminum alloy or plastic.
  • Magnesium alloys are somewhat different depending on the type, but because they can be dissolved at low temperatures of 650 ⁇ 680 °C, it requires less energy for regeneration. In particular, the energy saving effect is very high because the first magnesium alloy ingot can be regenerated by only a quarter of the energy required. Magnesium alloys recovered in the field production process can be regenerated and dissolved to remove impurities and to reduce the components so that they can be reused in almost the same condition as the new alloys. In addition, since magnesium alloys have a mold life that is two times longer and higher productivity than aluminum alloys, ultimately, the cost of producing one part can be lowered.
  • Aluminum has the most advantageous effect as an alloying element of magnesium.
  • the addition of aluminum increases strength and hardness and improves castability by improving flowability during casting and increasing the solidification range.
  • Aluminum added within 6wt% is dissolved in the magnesium matrix, and may have the effect of precipitation hardening by heat treatment above.
  • the aluminum content is within 10 wt%, and both strength and elongation are good properties within about 6 wt%.
  • aluminum reacts with magnesium to form Mg 17 Al 12 phase, which reduces creep resistance at high temperatures.
  • Calcium greatly improves the high temperature strength and creep resistance of Mg-Al-based magnesium alloys.
  • a small amount ( ⁇ 0.5%) of calcium is added to the magnesium alloy containing aluminum, Al 2 Ca intermetallic compounds which are stable at high temperatures during solidification are formed to increase strength and heat resistance characteristics.
  • calcium is known as an effective element to prevent oxidation of the alloy during casting or heat treatment, and also serves to refine the grains.
  • the flowability of the molten metal decreases casting ability, promotes hot cracking, and decreases productivity by increasing adhesiveness with a mold during die casting. If more than 0.3wt% of calcium is added, cracking may occur during welding.
  • Ca an alloying element for producing magnesium alloy
  • a solid solution of Ca is generated in the magnesium alloy, and is employed at the base rather than phase-forming at the base of the magnesium alloy.
  • the reactivity is strong, and the Ca addition yield is not high, and oxides due to Ca are generated.
  • the solid solution does not proceed further to the magnesium base and an intermetallic compound is formed.
  • Al 2 Ca is one of such intermetallic compounds that affects the properties of magnesium or other alloying elements.
  • the present invention is an Mg-Al-Ca-based master alloy different from the alloying element or the existing mother alloy added to the magnesium or magnesium alloy for alloying, and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • a magnesium alloy prepared using the mother alloy of the present invention shows more excellent physical properties than the conventional magnesium alloy.
  • the present invention maintains the composition ratio between 7: 3 and 1: 9 of Ca: Al in the weight percent of the alloy as the master alloy, while the remainder may be added in the amount of Mg by weight to 85% of the total weight of the master alloy.
  • Mg-Al-Ca-based mother alloy for Mg alloy of the present invention for achieving the above object while maintaining the composition ratio of Ca: Al 7: 7 to 1: 9 in the weight% of the alloy, the rest Mg weight% Up to 85% of the total weight of the master alloy.
  • composition ratio of Ca: Al is characterized by maintaining the composition ratio between 6: 4 and 2: 8 in weight%.
  • the Al weight is characterized in that more than 15% of the total weight of the Mg-Al-Ca base mother alloy.
  • composition ratio of Ca: Al is by weight%, while Ca: Al is maintained at a composition ratio of 4.3: 5.7, Mg is characterized in that 65% of the total weight of the master alloy by weight.
  • Mg-Al-Ca base alloy for Mg alloy of the present invention for achieving the above object, the remainder, while maintaining the composition ratio of Ca: Al in the weight% of the alloy of 7: 3 to 1: 9, Mg is determined by weight in one of the composition range up to 85% of the total weight of the master alloy to prepare each component of the master alloy, dissolving Mg, Al and Ca, by applying sufficient calories to complete the components Dissolving, and solidifying the dissolved molten metal.
  • the method for producing the Mg-Al-Ca base alloy for Mg alloy the step of solidifying the molten metal is characterized in that the molten molten metal is quenched.
  • composition ratio of Ca: Al is characterized by maintaining the composition ratio between 6: 4 and 2: 8 by weight.
  • the Al weight is characterized in that more than 15% of the total weight of the Mg-Al-Ca base mother alloy.
  • the dissolving step is characterized by dissolving Mg first, Ca after dissolving Al.
  • the dissolving step is characterized in that after dissolving Mg and Al together, Ca is dissolved.
  • the master alloy of the present invention is used to prepare magnesium alloys having excellent physical properties by controlling the components of the alloying elements added to prepare commercial magnesium alloys within the composition range to induce the Al 2 Ca phase to be formed. do. That is, the Al 2 Ca phase produced from the master alloy is retained in the final magnesium alloy, thereby making the structure of the magnesium alloy finer and increasing the yield strength and tensile strength of the magnesium alloy. In addition, formation of the thermally unstable ⁇ -Mg 17 Al 12 phase is suppressed and casting defects are greatly reduced.
  • 1 is a calculated binary alloy state diagram of Al and Ca.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing an embodiment composition range (region 1) of the present invention in a liquid phase projection diagram of a Mg-Al-Ca ternary state diagram prepared at a weight ratio.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing another embodiment composition range (region 2) of the present invention in a liquid phase projection of the Mg-Al-Ca ternary state diagram prepared at a weight ratio.
  • the present invention is a Mg-Al-Ca-based mother alloy of a different concept from the existing alloy element or the existing mother alloy added to the magnesium or magnesium alloy for alloying, and a method of manufacturing the same, using the mother alloy of the present invention It is intended to develop a magnesium alloy having better physical properties than that of a magnesium alloy.
  • the conventional Ca (calcium) alloying element when directly added to magnesium or magnesium alloy, a certain amount of Ca solid solution occurs in the magnesium alloy is employed in the base rather than phase-forming on the base of the magnesium alloy.
  • the reactivity is strong, and the Ca addition yield is not high, and oxides due to Ca are generated.
  • the solid solution when Ca is added at least 1.3 wt% (0.8 wt% in the non-equilibrium state), the solid solution does not proceed further to the magnesium base and an intermetallic compound is formed.
  • a typical example of such an intermetallic compound is Al 2 Ca.
  • an Mg-Al-Ca mother alloy having a composition inducing the formation of an Al 2 Ca phase is prepared and added to magnesium or magnesium alloy.
  • a magnesium alloy having excellent physical properties can be obtained as compared with a conventional magnesium alloy obtained by adding alloy elements of the same composition.
  • additional Ca or Al may be added in addition to the mother alloy to obtain a desired composition.
  • Intermetallic compounds are formed in various composition ranges. Intermetallic compounds that can be produced include Al 4 Ca, Al 2 Ca, Al 14 Ca 13 and Al 3 Ca 8 .
  • Al 2 Ca the melting point is quite high.
  • Al 2 Ca which is noted for improving physical properties in the present invention, is an intermetallic compound having a high melting point.
  • CALPHAD commercial programs such as CALPHAD can also be used.
  • Mg and Al are mixed with each other and dissolved to lower the freezing point (melting point).
  • Mg 2 Ca is present as an intermetallic compound.
  • the melting point is located between the melting points of pure Mg and pure Ca. That is, the melting point of Mg 2 Ca is higher than that of pure Mg and lower than that of pure Ca.
  • 4 and 5 are liquid phase projections of the Mg-Al-Ca ternary state diagram prepared in the weight ratio. 4 and 5 show examples of the composition range and the implementation of the master alloy developed in the present invention.
  • the vertex of the triangle means 100% of each composition (Mg, Ca, Al).
  • each side of the triangle represents a binary system between the two compositions of each side.
  • the alloy prepared from the Mg-Al-Ca base alloy for Mg alloy maintains a composition ratio of Ca: Al in the range of 7: 3 to 1: 9 by weight.
  • a line with Ca: Al of 7: 3 is maintained along line 1.
  • the Ca: Al 1: 9 line is maintained along line 2.
  • the Ca: Al by weight percentage maintains the composition ratio between 7: 3 and 1: 9, and the component range of the master alloy is established at the lower part of the line 1 and the upper part of the line 2.
  • Mg may be added in an amount of up to 85% of the total weight of the master alloy. That is, it occupies the upper portion of line 3.
  • the composition for the mother alloy is determined in the region formed by lines 1, 2, and 3 indicated by region 1. That is, the master alloy is manufactured within the composition range of the region 1 consisting of lines 1, 2 and 3.
  • the composition ratio of Ca: Al may maintain a composition ratio of 6: 4 to 2: 8.
  • This composition range forms a composition range consisting of lines 4, 5 and 3 as shown in FIG. That is, in this case, the composition for the master alloy is determined in the region formed by lines 4, 5, and 3, which mark region 2.
  • composition ratio of Ca: Al is 6: 4 is more preferable than 7: 3 is because the composition range shifts toward Al 2 Ca in the range formed by Mg 2 Ca, Al 14 Ca 13 and Al 2 Ca, thereby producing Al 2 Ca more. Guaranteed. That is, since the 7: 3 composition ratio is near the boundary between Mg 2 Ca and Al 14 Ca 13 and Al 2 Ca, there is a possibility that Mg 2 Ca and Al 14 Ca 13 are generated rather than Al 2 Ca. On the other hand, in the case of 6: 4, the production of Al 2 Ca can be confirmed more clearly.
  • composition ratio of Ca: Al is 2: 8 is more preferable than 1: 9 is because the composition range is shifted toward Al 2 Ca in the range between Al 2 Ca and Al 4 Ca, thereby ensuring the production of Al 2 Ca. That is, since the 1: 9 composition ratio is a boundary between Al 2 Ca and Al 4 Ca, there is a possibility that Al 4 Ca is generated rather than Al 2 Ca. On the other hand, in the case of 2: 8, the production of Al 2 Ca can be confirmed more clearly.
  • Al in the total weight of the Mg-Al-Ca base alloy is characterized in that 15% or more. If the content of Al is less than 15%, the amount of Al 2 Ca to be formed becomes small. In this case, the meaning as the master alloy in the present invention is weakened.
  • the method for producing a Mg-Al-Ca base alloy for Mg alloy according to the present invention while maintaining the composition ratio of Ca: Al in 7: 3 to 1: 9 in weight%, the rest is Mg in weight%
  • Preparing one of the components of the master alloy by determining one of the compositions up to 85% of the total weight; sequentially dissolving one of Mg, Al, and Ca; and solidifying the dissolved melt.
  • the molten metal may be quenched during solidification of the molten metal.
  • quenching generally refers to forced cooling, which is faster than natural solidification during casting. Methods of forced cooling include water cooling (including brine quenching) or quenching through blowing air quenching.
  • the range of the composition for selecting the Mg-Al-Ca base alloy for production is determined in the composition range of the region 1 in FIG. This is because the alloy component is completely dissolved by raising the temperature above the liquidus line of the corresponding composition of the region 1 and rapidly cooling the molten metal to produce Al 2 Ca desired in the present invention to the maximum limit.
  • the composition ratio of Ca: Al may maintain a composition ratio of 6: 4 to 2: 8 by weight.
  • This composition range forms a composition range consisting of lines 4, 5 and 3 as region 2 of FIG.
  • the reason why the composition ratio of Ca: Al is preferably 6: 4 rather than 7: 3 is that the formation of Al 2 Ca occurs by moving toward Al 2 Ca in the range of Mg 2 Ca, Al 14 Ca 13 and Al 2 Ca. More guaranteed. That is, since the 7: 3 composition ratio is a boundary between Mg 2 Ca and Al 14 Ca 13 and Al 2 Ca, there is a possibility that Mg 2 Ca and Al 14 Ca 13 are generated rather than Al 2 Ca. On the other hand, in the case of 6: 4, the production of Al 2 Ca can be confirmed more clearly.
  • composition ratio of Ca: Al is preferably 2: 8 rather than 1: 9 by weight. That is, since the 1: 9 composition ratio is a boundary between Al 2 Ca and Al 4 Ca, there is a possibility that Al 4 Ca is generated rather than Al 2 Ca. On the other hand, in the case of 2: 8, the production of Al 2 Ca can be confirmed more clearly. More preferably, Mg accounts for 65% of the total weight of the master alloy while the composition ratio of Ca: Al maintains a composition ratio of 4.3: 5.7 at weight percent.
  • Al 2 Ca line as shown in Figure 5, if the Al and Ca with a line for holding the component ratio forming the Al 2 Ca, while maintaining the component ratio on the Al 2 Ca-ray addition of Mg, generate the ideal Al 2 Ca You can.
  • Mg is more preferably added up to a total of 65% by weight of the total master alloy.
  • each composition for the Mg-Al-Ca base alloy according to the present invention is prepared, one of Mg, Al and Ca is dissolved sequentially. For example, a sufficient amount of heat may be applied to dissolve Mg, dissolve Al, and dissolve the remaining Ca.
  • Mg, Al, Ca, or Al, Ca, Mg, or Ca, Mg, Al may be used in this order.
  • an intermetallic compound is produced during melting, it is necessary to apply a relatively higher amount of heat to form a molten metal due to the high melting point of the produced intermetallic compound.
  • Mg and Al may be dissolved together, or Ca and Mg may be dissolved together and the remaining alloy elements (Ca or Al) may be dissolved.
  • the melting point melting point
  • the melting point is lower when Al and Mg and Ca and Mg melt together two metals than when melting one pure metal. You can check.
  • the temperature at which the intermetallic compound of Mg 2 Ca is formed is also relatively low compared to the melting temperature of Ca.
  • the three components can also be dissolved simultaneously.
  • the three components When the three components are placed in a crucible and provide sufficient heat for dissolution in a protective gas atmosphere, they are dissolved in the crucible to form a molten Mg-Al-Ca base alloy melt.
  • the dissolution when ignition occurs due to Mg or Ca composition, the dissolution may be performed in a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the melting temperature for the formation of the molten metal is sufficient if the solid phase is sufficiently melted to exist in a complete liquid phase.
  • the melting temperature is raised too high, vaporization of the liquid metal may occur, and it may easily ignite due to the characteristics of magnesium or calcium, resulting in loss of molten metal, and may adversely affect final properties due to the ignited oxide.
  • Stirring of the molten metal is preferable for forming the molten metal of the master alloy.
  • the form of agitation is provided with a device capable of applying an electromagnetic field around the furnace containing the molten metal to generate an electromagnetic field to induce convection of the molten metal. It is also possible to mechanically stir the molten metal from the outside.
  • Table 1 below shows the formation of Al 2 Ca in the mother alloy after preparing the mother alloy in a composition within the composition range of the region 1 or region 2. It is preferable to cast by quenching in a molten state so that Al 2 Ca in a liquid state exists in a solid state. The reason for the rapid quenching is because it is impossible to determine which phase Al 2 Ca, which is a liquid state, will change during the cooling process. That is, to maintain as much of the liquid Al 2 Ca at a high temperature even in a solid state at room temperature. 4, the compositions (a-j) shown in Table 1 are shown.
  • each alloy of Table 1 was dissolved at sufficiently high temperatures in accordance with the dissolution method of the present invention.
  • the presence of Al 2 Ca in Table 1 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. However, Al 2 Ca content was not measured.
  • Table 2 shows the yield strength of the final magnesium alloy obtained by adding the master alloy prepared according to the present invention in accordance with the final composition of magnesium or magnesium alloy.
  • Table 3 measured the yield strength of the Mg alloy of the same composition prepared by adding Al, Ca directly to the final Mg alloy instead of adding the mother alloy prepared in the present invention for the comparative example.
  • the example number of Table 2 corresponds to the number of the comparison of Table 3.
  • composition of Table 2 and the following Table 3 shows the composition of the final magnesium alloy prepared using the mother alloy of the present invention.
  • Table 4 shows Ca yield when Mg-5Al-2Ca was prepared by adding Mg-5Al-2Ca by adding a mother alloy of the present invention, which is 10 Mg-50Al-40Ca by weight, to Ca or magnesium alloy directly as an alloying element.
  • the yield of Ca is compared.
  • Al was added if necessary to adjust the final composition to Mg-5Al-2Ca.
  • the yield means the percentage of the final alloyed Ca amount in the alloy of magnesium divided by the total Ca input amount.
  • the structure of the magnesium alloy is refined, and it can be confirmed that Mg 2 Ca, Al 2 Ca, or (Mg, Al) 2 Ca phases are uniformly distributed.
  • formation of the thermally unstable ⁇ -Mg 17 Al 12 phase is suppressed, and casting defects are greatly reduced.
  • the yield strength of magnesium alloy increased and the tensile strength increased.
  • the Mg-Al-Ca base alloy prepared according to the present invention may be added as an alloying means to any one selected from pure magnesium, magnesium alloy, and equivalents thereof.
  • the magnesium alloy is AZ91D, AM20, AM30, AM50, AM60, AZ31, AS41, AS31, AS21X, AE42, AE44, AX51, AX52, AJ50X, AJ52X, AJ62X, MRI153, MRI230, AM-HP2,
  • Magnesium-Al, Magnesium-Al-Re, magnesium-Al-Sn, magnesium-Zn-Sn, magnesium-Si, magnesium-Zn-Y may be used in any one, but this magnesium alloy is not limited to the present invention. In general, any magnesium alloy used in the industry can be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un alliage maître à base de Mg-Al-Ca pour des alliages de Mg et un procédé de production de celui-ci, et concerne un alliage maître d'alliage utilisé pour le magnésium ou des alliages de magnésium. A cette fin, une caractéristique de l'invention est que, tandis que le rapport Ca:Al dans la composition est maintenu entre 7:3 et 1:9, sur base des pourcentages en poids dans l'alliage, un solde de Mg est ajouté dans une quantité allant jusqu'à 85% du poids total de l'alliage maître, sur base du pourcentage en poids. Le procédé de production comprend les étapes de : préparation des composants de l'alliage maître par sélection d'une composition dans laquelle, tandis que le rapport Ca:Al dans la composition est maintenu entre 7:3 et 1:9, sur base des pourcentages en poids dans l'alliage, il y a un solde de Mg dans une quantité allant jusqu'à 85% du poids total de l'alliage maître, sur base du pourcentage en poids ; fusion séquentielle de Mg, Al et Ca ; fusion complète des constituants ci-dessus par application d'une quantité adéquate de chaleur ; et refroidissement rapide de la masse fondue.
PCT/KR2012/002426 2011-03-30 2012-03-30 Alliage maître à base de mg-al-ca pour des alliages de mg, et procédé de production de celui-ci Ceased WO2012134243A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/008,081 US20140010702A1 (en) 2011-03-30 2012-03-30 Mg-al-ca-based master alloy for mg alloys, and a production method therefor
CN201280021220.1A CN103502494B (zh) 2011-03-30 2012-03-30 用于Mg合金的Mg‑Al‑Ca基母合金及其制造方法
EP12763216.4A EP2692883B1 (fr) 2011-03-30 2012-03-30 Alliage maître à base de mg-al-ca pour des alliages de mg, et procédé de production de celui-ci

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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KR10-2011-0028939 2011-03-30
KR1020110028939A KR101385685B1 (ko) 2011-03-30 2011-03-30 Ｍｇ합금용 Ｍｇ-Ａｌ-Ｃａ계 모합금 및 이의 제조하는 방법

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WO2012134243A3 WO2012134243A3 (fr) 2013-01-03

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US (1) US20140010702A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2692883B1 (fr)
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CN (1) CN103502494B (fr)
WO (1) WO2012134243A2 (fr)

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DE202014001801U1 (de) 2014-02-26 2015-05-27 Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh Kran
JP6596236B2 (ja) * 2015-05-27 2019-10-23 本田技研工業株式会社 耐熱性マグネシウム合金及びその製造方法
CN107245593A (zh) * 2017-06-26 2017-10-13 重庆文理学院 镁中间合金晶粒细化剂及其制备方法和应用
KR101961468B1 (ko) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-15 (주)한국주조산업 알루미늄합금용 Al-Mg-Ca 모합금 및 그 제조방법
CN111155011A (zh) * 2020-02-21 2020-05-15 江苏理工学院 一种高性能Mg-Al-Ca镁合金及其制备方法
CN115641929B (zh) * 2022-11-04 2025-08-26 中南大学 一种多元多相合金弹性模量的计算方法及成分设计方法

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US20140010702A1 (en) 2014-01-09
CN103502494A (zh) 2014-01-08
KR101385685B1 (ko) 2014-04-16
CN103502494B (zh) 2017-05-31
EP2692883A2 (fr) 2014-02-05
WO2012134243A3 (fr) 2013-01-03
EP2692883B1 (fr) 2017-10-04
EP2692883A4 (fr) 2014-11-19
KR20120110818A (ko) 2012-10-10

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