WO2012140371A1 - Procede de preparation d'alkyltetrazenes - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'alkyltetrazenes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012140371A1 WO2012140371A1 PCT/FR2012/050801 FR2012050801W WO2012140371A1 WO 2012140371 A1 WO2012140371 A1 WO 2012140371A1 FR 2012050801 W FR2012050801 W FR 2012050801W WO 2012140371 A1 WO2012140371 A1 WO 2012140371A1
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- Prior art keywords
- formula
- monochloramine
- hydrazine
- advantageously
- oxidation
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- 0 CNN=NN(*)* Chemical compound CNN=NN(*)* 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C245/00—Compounds containing chains of at least two nitrogen atoms with at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen multiple bond
- C07C245/22—Compounds containing chains of at least two nitrogen atoms with at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen multiple bond containing chains of three or more nitrogen atoms with one or more nitrogen-to-nitrogen double bonds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the preparation of symmetrical alkyltetrazenes. More precisely, it relates to the synthesis of dialkyltetrazenes and tetralkyltetrazenes corresponding to formula (I) specified below.
- Publication [4] also describes the reaction of chloramine (little concentrated in ether) with 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (also in ether). 1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-2-tetrazene is obtained in low yield from among other products of the reaction. Those skilled in the art are aware of the dangers of using ether as a solvent. In any event, said publication [4] does not teach recovery of said 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-2-tetrazene from the reaction mixture containing also the other products of the reaction.
- US Pat. No. 3,135,800 discloses a process for preparing symmetrical tetraalkyltetrazenes from the corresponding 1,1-dialkylhydrazine and an oxidant consisting of an alkali metal halide such as potassium iodate, bromate or chlorate. .
- an alkali metal halide such as potassium iodate, bromate or chlorate.
- R 1 or R 2 represents hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, while the other of said R 1 or R 2 radicals represents, indifferently, an alkyl group, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Said method comprises, typically, for the preparation of an alkyltetrazene of formula (I) above:
- R1 and R2 are as defined above, by monochloramine; said oxidation being carried out in an aqueous medium at a pH of between 9 and 12.5;
- Said process is therefore suitable for the preparation of dialkyltetrazenes of formula (I) in which one of the radicals R1 or R2 represents hydrogen and the other of said radicals represents a C1-C6 alkyl group and tetraalkyltetrazenes of formula (I ) in which R1 and R2, identical or different, each represent an alkyl group in C1-C6.
- the preparation of the TMT, according to the method of the invention can therefore be schematized as follows:
- Said process of the invention is therefore characterized by the nature of the oxidant which is reacted with the hydrazine of formula (II): monochloramine (NH 2 Cl).
- monochloramine is an inexpensive oxidant (especially when compared to HgO (see above)), which does not generate a pollutant (NH 4 CI is generated as a by-product).
- the method of the invention may be implemented batchwise (in "batch") or continuously. Its continuous implementation, when monochloramine is produced under non-stoichiometric conditions (see below) does not pose any particular difficulties and is particularly interesting. Its continuous implementation, when the monochloramine is produced under (quasi) stoichiometric conditions (see below), is also perfectly controllable by those skilled in the art. He knows how to choose a suitable type of reactor.
- oxidation - recovery - isolation The oxidation of the hydrazine of formula (II) by monochloramine is carried out at a pH of between 9 and 12.5 (9 ⁇ pH ⁇ 12.5). It is advantageously used at a pH of between 9 and 10 (9 ⁇ pH ⁇ 10).
- a buffer can be used for perfect pH control.
- Monochloramine is used in the form of an aqueous solution, generally at a concentration of between 0.90 and 1.20 mol.L -1 , advantageously at a concentration of between 0.95 and 1.05 mol.L -1. (for example at a concentration of 1.0 mol.L- 1 ).
- the molar ratio of the two reactants, hydrazine of formula (II) on the one hand and monochloramine on the other hand, is advantageously between 1 and 5, very advantageously between 1 and 3. It is preferably between 2 and 3; particularly preferably, it is 2.7 (+/- 0.1).
- the hydrazine of formula (II), advantageously used in excess, is, after the reaction, very advantageously recovered, generally by distillation of the aqueous phase of the reaction medium. It is very advantageously recovered and recycled.
- the temperature of the oxidation reaction is advantageously between -15 ° C. and + 15 ° C. (inclusive), very advantageously between -12 ° C. and 0 ° C. (inclusive).
- Said oxidation reaction is, for example, carried out at -10 ⁇ 1 ° C. It is obviously implemented at a temperature where the reagents, on the one hand, and the synthesized compound, on the other hand, are stable.
- the monochloramine, in aqueous solution is generally used at a temperature of between -15 ° C. and + 15 ° C., advantageously at a temperature between -12 ° C. and 0 ° C. (limits included), and / or the hydrazine of formula (II) is generally used at a temperature of between -15 ° C. and + 15 ° C., advantageously at a temperature of between -12 ° C. and 0 ° C. (limits included).
- the monochloramine can be prepared from sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) and a mixed solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride (NH 3 + NH 4 Cl), the ammonia being present in excess.
- NaOCI sodium hypochlorite
- NH 3 + NH 4 Cl a mixed solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride
- This method (carried out under non-stoichiometric conditions) is the method described in the literature: ammonia is used in excess of sodium hypochlorite, in the form of a mixed solution of ammonia and chlorine. ammonium which buffers the reaction medium, the ratio between the concentration of total ammonia (ammonia and ammonium chloride) and the concentration of sodium hypochlorite being of the order of 3. Ammonia, used in excess, must be eliminated downstream of the process, generally by stripping. It is then advantageously recycled.
- This second method has been described in the patent application FR 2 846 646.
- This second method is advantageous, in relation to the first, in that it avoids a secondary monochloramine / ammonia interaction (leading to the formation of hydrazine) and in that it does not involve, downstream, an elimination of ammonia in excess.
- This second method for preparing monochloramine does not ensure the stabilization of said monochloramine (in buffered weakly basic medium) but it remains perfectly controllable by the skilled person, whether it is implemented batchwise or continuously.
- hydrazine of formula (II) to oxidize according to the invention by monochloramine, it may be a pre-existing product.
- This pre-existing product especially commercial, is advantageously used in anhydrous form, that is to say the purest possible.
- Said hydrazine of formula (II) may also be prepared, upstream of its oxidation according to the invention, from monochloramine and a primary or secondary amine of formula
- R1 and R2 are as defined above with reference to formula (I) (such primary or secondary amines are known per se compounds).
- This preparation is carried out in a basic medium, generally at a pH of 13 or close to 13, with an excess (molar) of said primary (preferably 15) or secondary (preferably 8) amine.
- Such a preparation is advantageously used in s / ft / with part of the monochloramine prepared upstream according to one or the other of the methods explained above.
- the hydrazine thus prepared is obtained at a basic pH, with the amine of formula (II) in excess and optionally with excess ammonia (if the monochloramine itself has been obtained with excess ammonia ( first method, classic, recalled above)).
- the volatile reactant (s) in excess (amine or amine + ammonia) is (are) recovered (generally by stripping), and advantageously, after separation (generally by distillation) if necessary, recycled (s) upstream of the process.
- an acid intervenes for the neutralization of the reaction medium (which contains an excess of sodium hydroxide).
- Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is generally used. It is recalled incidentally that the target for the monochloramine + hydrazine reaction of formula (I) is a pH between 9 and 12.5, advantageously between 9 and 10.
- the monochloramine is advantageously prepared under (quasi) stoichiometric conditions. It is thus obtained free of ammonia, which avoids any secondary reaction involving ammonia.
- the oxidation reaction of the hydrazine of formula (II) with monochloramine - therefore takes place in the aqueous phase and generates an organic phase which contains the compound of formula (I) expected.
- the aqueous phase / organic phase demixing is thus spontaneous and generates a quasi-pure organic phase.
- the method of the invention is also particularly interesting.
- the organic phase is thus easily recovered from said medium which contains mainly the expected compound and, generally, a little water and hydrazine of formula (II).
- Said compound can then, if necessary (it is usually already obtained with high purity) be purified.
- the main reaction by-product is NH 4 Cl, a non-polluting compound, which can be recycled (carrying out the reaction in an aqueous medium in the indicated pH zone avoids the generation of by-products);
- the process of the invention is particularly suitable for the preparation of TMT (1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetrazene) (by oxidation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine by monochloramine). Said TMT was obtained with yields of 80 to 90% and a purity of 85 to 95%. After purification, it can be obtained with a purity of more than 99%.
- the process of the invention is also particularly suitable for the preparation of dimethyl-2-tetrazene (by oxidation of methylhydrazine by monochloramine).
- Figure 1 illustrates a continuous implementation (monochloramine being prepared under stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric conditions);
- Figure 2 illustrates a batch implementation (monochloramine being prepared under stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric conditions).
- the oxidation reaction of the pre-existing UDMH (variant on the right of the figures: UDMH commercial) or formed in situ (variant in the center of the figures)) by monochloramine (whose preparation, under stoichiometric conditions or not, is indicated in the upper left corner of the figures) is shown schematically in bold in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the aqueous phase is likely to contain UDMH if it has intervened in excess upstream.
- Said UDMH in the aqueous phase is advantageously recovered by distillation and recycled (in the context of the implementation of the continuous process (variant of Figure 1.) Note that, in general, in Figure 1 attached, the dots are used for recycling.
- the in situ synthesis of said UDMH results from the reaction of a part of the monochloramine prepared with DMA. Excess DMA is recovered (usually by distillation). As part of the implementation of the continuous process (variant of Figure 1), it is advantageously, as shown in Figure 1, recycled. Ammonia in excess, if present (assumption of the continuous or batch preparation of monochloramine in non-stoichiometric conditions) is also recovered (usually by stripping (evaporation)). As part of the implementation of the continuous process (variant of the figure 1), it is advantageously, as indicated, recycled. HCI intervenes to reduce the pH of the reaction medium, to bring it to values suitable for the implementation of the oxidation.
- TMT 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-2-tetrazene
- Example 2 Synthesis of TMT, in batch, from monochloramine prepared under stoichiometric conditions and from commercial UDMH (FIG. 2: right-hand part) a) Preparation of an aqueous solution of monochloramine at 1M under stoichiometric conditions (according to the teaching of FR 2 846 646). 250 ml of a 2.54 mol.L -1 ammonium chloride solution are introduced into a 250 ml double-walled borosilicate glass reactor, the temperature in the reactor is maintained between -12 and -12 ° C. 10 ° C. by circulation of a thermostatic fluid 50 ml of a solution previously cooled to -15 ° C.
- the ratio of the total sodium concentration to the concentration of hypochlorite ions in the bleach solution must be between 0.1 and 0.15, preferably equal to 0.1 equivalents (molar) .
- the ratio of concentrations of ammonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite [NH 4 CI] / [NaOCI] is equal to 1.1.
- the temperature in the reactor is between -15 and -7 ° C during casting.
- a solution of chloramine at a pH of 11.5) grading 1.13 mol.l -1 , which corresponds to a yield of 98%, is obtained.
- the monochloramine is prepared, in buffer medium (NH 3 + NH 4 Cl), in the presence of an excess of ammonia.
- the temperature in the mixer is maintained between -9 ° C and -11 ° C, and the pH of the reaction neighbor 10.
- a title monochloramine solution of 0.98 mol.L " 1 , which corresponds to a yield close to 100% compared to sodium hypochlorite.
- a portion of the monochloramine solution obtained above (1.49 liters) is alkalinized by continuously introducing a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide (0.13 to 50% by weight) at low temperature between - 9 and -11 ° C in a second static mixer.
- the synthesis solution almost free from ammonia and dimethylamine and essentially containing asymmetric dimethylhydrazine (4% by weight), sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and water, is then subjected to a neutralization stage (in a fourth mixer static) to reduce its basicity by adding a solution of hydrochloric acid (0.53 L of a 1M solution). Its pH is thus adjusted to a value of approximately 10.
- TMT 1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetrazene
- a second part of the buffered monochloramine solution obtained at the outlet of the first static mixer (0.51 liter) and the acidified UDMH solution are introduced simultaneously with an adequate flow rate, making it possible to have a UDMH molar ratio on monochloramine between 1 and 5, preferably 2.7.
- the temperature within the mixer is maintained between -9 and -11 ° C.
- the pH is between 10 and 11.
- the reaction medium undergoes a spontaneous demixing at room temperature.
- the upper organic phase slightly yellow liquid, consists almost exclusively of TMT.
- This example describes a process for preparing TMT from monochloramine prepared under standard conditions and a commercial anhydrous UDMH solution.
- the first stage of the process relating to the preparation of monochloramine, proceeds exactly as in Example 3 above.
- the totality of the buffered monochloramine solution thus obtained (2 liters, 1.96 mol) is then injected into a static mixer, simultaneously with the anhydrous solution of UDMH (402 ml, 5.29 mol), so as to have a molar ratio UDMH on monochloramine of between 1 and 5, preferably equal to 2.7.
- the temperature within the mixer is maintained between -9 and -11 ° C.
- the pH is between 10 and 11.
- the reaction medium undergoes a spontaneous demixing at room temperature.
- the supernatant phase is treated as in Example 3, which makes it possible to recover 1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetrazene with a degree of purity greater than 99%.
- the first steps of the process proceed exactly as in Example 3 above until the removal of ammonia and dimethylamine. Distillation is then carried out under atmospheric pressure, making it possible to collect the pure UDMH at the top of the column (62 ° C.). The solution collected at the bottom of the column containing water, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide is extracted and removed.
- anhydrous UDMH is available which can be used for ancillary purposes.
- the next step concerns the synthesis of TMT: UDMH collected by distillation (0.10 liter) and a second part of the solution of monochloramine obtained at the outlet of the first mixer (0.51 liter) are introduced simultaneously with a adequate flow within the fourth static mixer, allowing to have a molar ratio UDMH monochloramine between 1 and 5, preferably equal to 2.7.
- the temperature within the mixer is maintained between -9 and -11 ° C.
- the pH is between 10 and 11.
- the reaction medium undergoes a spontaneous demixing at room temperature.
- the organic phase upper slightly yellow liquid, consists almost exclusively of TMT.
- 1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetrazene is obtained by distillation under reduced pressure (20 mmHg) with a degree of purity of greater than 99%.
- Example 3 Unlike Example 3, this process does not require a neutralization step before the addition of chloramine. On the other hand, an additional distillation step must be undertaken in order to obtain the pure UDMH.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014504379A JP2014516927A (ja) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-04-12 | アルキルテトラゼンの製造方法 |
| BR112013026412A BR112013026412A2 (pt) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-04-12 | processo de preparação de um alquiltetrazeno |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1153221A FR2974087B1 (fr) | 2011-04-14 | 2011-04-14 | Preparation d'alkyltetrazenes |
| FR1153221 | 2011-04-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012140371A1 true WO2012140371A1 (fr) | 2012-10-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2012/050801 Ceased WO2012140371A1 (fr) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-04-12 | Procede de preparation d'alkyltetrazenes |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2014516927A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112013026412A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2974087B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012140371A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9838754B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2017-12-05 | The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc | On-site measurement of over the top media |
| CN113502490A (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-15 | 西北大学 | 一种用于四氮烯类化合物合成的电化学氧化反应方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3135800A (en) | 1957-04-08 | 1964-06-02 | William R Mcbride | Preparation of tetraalkyltetrazenes |
| FR2846646A1 (fr) | 2002-11-04 | 2004-05-07 | Isochem Sa | Procede de synthese de la monochloramine |
-
2011
- 2011-04-14 FR FR1153221A patent/FR2974087B1/fr active Active
-
2012
- 2012-04-12 WO PCT/FR2012/050801 patent/WO2012140371A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-04-12 JP JP2014504379A patent/JP2014516927A/ja active Pending
- 2012-04-12 BR BR112013026412A patent/BR112013026412A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3135800A (en) | 1957-04-08 | 1964-06-02 | William R Mcbride | Preparation of tetraalkyltetrazenes |
| FR2846646A1 (fr) | 2002-11-04 | 2004-05-07 | Isochem Sa | Procede de synthese de la monochloramine |
Non-Patent Citations (16)
| Title |
|---|
| F. O. RICE; C. J. GRELECKI, J. AMER. CHEM. SOC., vol. 79, no. 11, 1957, pages 2679 - 2680 |
| H. H. SISLER; M. A. MATHUR; S. R. JAIN; R. GREENGARD, IND ENG. CHEM. PROD RES. DEV., vol. 20, 1981, pages 181 - 185 |
| HARRY H. SISLER ET AL: "Reaction of chloramine with 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. Formation of tetramethyl-2-tetrazene", INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 8, no. 9, 1 September 1969 (1969-09-01), pages 2007 - 2008, XP055005121, ISSN: 0020-1669, DOI: 10.1021/ic50079a039 * |
| HARRY H. SISLER ET AL: "Studies of the chloramination of dimethylamine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine", INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 20, no. 1, 1 March 1981 (1981-03-01), pages 181 - 185, XP055005117, ISSN: 0196-4321, DOI: 10.1021/i300001a027 * |
| J. CHIM. PHYS., vol. 88, 1991, pages 115 - 127 |
| L. J. MADGZINSKI; K. S. PILLAY; H. RICHARD; Y. L. CHOW, CAN. J. CHEM., vol. 56, 1978, pages 1657 - 1667 |
| N. WIBERG; H. BAYER; H. BACHHUBER, ANGEW. CHEM., vol. 87, no. 6, 1975, pages 202 - 203 |
| N. WIBERG; H. W. HAERING; S. K. VASISHT, Z NATURFORSCH. B., vol. 348, no. 2, 1979, pages 356 - 357 |
| R. A. ROWE; L. F. AUDRIETH, J. AMER. CHEM. SOC., vol. 78, no. 3, 1956, pages 563 - 564 |
| S. N. SINGH; R. K. PRASAD, J. IND CHEM. SOC., vol. 69, no. 10, 1992, pages 648 - 650 |
| T. B. BACK, J. C S. CHEM. COMM., 1981, pages 530 - 531 |
| T. G. BACK; R. G. KERR, CAN J. CHEM., vol. 60, 1982, pages 2711 - 2718 |
| W. E. BULL; H. A. SEATON; L. F. AUDRIETH, J. AMER. CHEM. SOC., vol. 80, no. 10, 1958, pages 2516 - 2518 |
| W. H. URRY; P. SZECSI; D. W. MOORE, J. AMER. CHEM. SOC., vol. 86, no. 11, 1964, pages 2224 - 2229 |
| W. MCBRIDE; H. W. KRUSE, J. AMER. CHEM. SOC., vol. 79, no. 3, 1957, pages 572 - 577 |
| W. W. SCHOELLER; V. STAEMMLER, INORG. CHEM., vol. 23, no. 21, 1984, pages 3369 - 3373 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9838754B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2017-12-05 | The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc | On-site measurement of over the top media |
| CN113502490A (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-15 | 西北大学 | 一种用于四氮烯类化合物合成的电化学氧化反应方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2014516927A (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
| FR2974087B1 (fr) | 2013-05-10 |
| BR112013026412A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
| FR2974087A1 (fr) | 2012-10-19 |
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