WO2012151110A2 - Antioxydants et huiles végétales utilisés comme stabilisants de substances sémiochimiques de lutte contre les insectes - Google Patents

Antioxydants et huiles végétales utilisés comme stabilisants de substances sémiochimiques de lutte contre les insectes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012151110A2
WO2012151110A2 PCT/US2012/035258 US2012035258W WO2012151110A2 WO 2012151110 A2 WO2012151110 A2 WO 2012151110A2 US 2012035258 W US2012035258 W US 2012035258W WO 2012151110 A2 WO2012151110 A2 WO 2012151110A2
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Prior art keywords
semiochemical
insect
oil
semiochemicals
composition
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Ceased
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PCT/US2012/035258
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WO2012151110A3 (fr
Inventor
Qing-he ZHANG
Rodney G. Schneidmiller
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Sterling International Inc
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Sterling International Inc
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Priority claimed from US13/452,744 external-priority patent/US20120280055A1/en
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Publication of WO2012151110A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012151110A2/fr
Publication of WO2012151110A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012151110A3/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
    • A01M29/12—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using odoriferous substances, e.g. aromas, pheromones or chemical agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
    • A01M1/2044—Holders or dispensers for liquid insecticide, e.g. using wicks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A01M1/2022—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide
    • A01M1/2027—Poisoning or narcotising insects by vaporising an insecticide without heating
    • A01M1/2055—Holders or dispensers for solid, gelified or impregnated insecticide, e.g. volatile blocks or impregnated pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • Insect semiochemicals are chemicals emitted by a plant or animal that evoke behavioral or physiological responses in another organism.
  • a semiochemical that affects an individual of the same species is called a pheromone.
  • a semiochemical that affects individuals of a different species are called allelochemicals.
  • Allelochemicals include kairomones, allomones and synomones.
  • Kairomones are emitted by an individual of one species that benefits another species without providing a benefit to the emitting species, while allomones are emitted by an inidvidual of one species that harms another species and benefits the emitting species.
  • Synomones operate between species and benefit both the emitter and the receiver.
  • a use of insect pheromones, and other semiochemicals, is to lure insects to traps for detection and monitoring of pest insect populations or for mass-trapping to reduce their populations. Traps may be designed to make escaping from the trap difficult. Once inside the trap, the insect will desiccate or drown in water within the trap. Semiochemicals can also be used as a broadcast signal to disrupt insect mating (so-called mating disruption), to repel or interrupt insect behaviors as repellents or attraction- inhibitors. Semiochemical-baited traps or dispensers offer a safer alternative to the use of toxic pesticides, especially for use in and around residential areas and food crops.
  • compositions that may avoid such detrimental consequences for semiochemicals. Such compositions are useful in controlling insect behaviors.
  • a method for controlling insect behavior includes placing into a release device configured to achieve a desired rate of release of semiochemical volatiles, a composition comprising an antioxidant and/or an insect- inactive oil; and a semiochemical; releasing semiochemical volatiles into an area, wherein the release rate of the semiochemical volatiles is controlled through the device, or the presence of the antioxidant or insect-inactive oil in the composition; and controlling the behavior of an insect within the area with the semiochemical volatiles.
  • the semiochemical may be a pheromone, an allomone, a kairomone, or a synomone.
  • the insect-inactive oil may be derived from a plant.
  • the insect-inactive oil may be a liquid.
  • the insect-inactive oil may be a vegetable oil.
  • the insect-inactive oil may be a nut oil.
  • the composition may include more than one semiochemical.
  • the composition may include more than one oil.
  • the composition may include more than one antioxidant.
  • the antioxidant may be a-tocopherol, propyl gallate, tertiary butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, or butylated hydroxyanisole.
  • the semiochemical may be released through one or more apertures in the release device.
  • the device may include a polymeric sheet comprising a plurality of laminae. An innermost lamina of the plurality of laminae may be semi-permeable such that the semiochemical in a volatilized state can pass through the innermost lamina.
  • the polymeric sheet may include an innermost lamina that is permeable to the semiochemical vapors and an outer lamina that is configured to peal away from the inner lamina.
  • the composition may be a liquid.
  • the disclosed additive or preservative compositions may also provide vaporization control and maintain the necessary threshold release rates of semiochemicals (such as attractants or repellents) from release devices for optimal activity and/or performance.
  • semiochemicals such as attractants or repellents
  • the disclosed additive or preservative compositions may provide for the reduction or elimination of semiochemical oxidation, isomerization, breakdown and polymerization.
  • the disclosed additive or preservative compositions may stabilize and/or protect the active semiochemical ingredients.
  • insect control includes any activity affecting an insect, including, but not limited to, attracting, repelling, killing, trapping or otherwise affecting insect behavior.
  • FIGURE 1A shows a front view of a first embodiment of a semiochemical stick pack
  • FIGURE IB shows a side view of the semiochemical stick pack shown in FIGURE 1A;
  • FIGURE 1C shows an end view of the semiochemical stick pack shown in
  • FIGURE 1A shows schematically a cross section of the semiochemical stick pack through section 2-2 in FIGURE 1A, showing a solid particulate semiochemical composition therein;
  • FIGURE 2B shows schematically a cross section of the semiochemical stick pack through section 2-2 in FIGURE 1A, showing a liquid semiochemical composition therein;
  • FIGURE 3 shows a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a sheet material for semiochemical stick packs in accordance with the present invention, wherein the various dimensions are exaggerated to illustrate aspects of the sheet material;
  • FIGURE 4 shows schematically a system diagram for an apparatus for producing stick packs packaged with a semiochemical
  • FIGURE 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for controlling the rate of release of volatiles of semiochemicals
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates another embodiment of a multi-compartment semiochemical stick pack
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates another embodiment of a semiochemical stick pack, having a window portion for the controlled release of volatiles
  • FIGURES 8A and 8B illustrate a panel for forming another embodiment of a semiochemical stick pack, wherein FIGURE 8B is a sectional view through section SB- SB in FIGURE 8A;
  • FIGURE 9 is a front view of the stick pack formed from the panel shown in
  • FIGURES 8A and 8B are identical to FIGURES 8A and 8B;
  • FIGURES 10A and 10B show alternative designs for a stick pack similar to the stick pack shown in FIGURE 9, with different window configurations.
  • a composition includes one or more antioxidants combined with any semiochemical.
  • a composition includes one or more 'insect-inactive” oils combined with any semiochemical.
  • "Insect-inactive” oil means the oils disclosed herein as additives for semiochemicals, and is meant to distinguish from “insect-active” oils, such as the essential oils, which have been shown to be effective at repelling insects. It is possible however, that the insect-inactive oils can be combined with the insect-active essential oils to achieve the benefits discussed above.
  • the disclosed composition includes one or more insect- inactive oils and one or more antioxidants combined with any semiochemical.
  • Suitable antioxidants for use with semiochemicals include, but are not limited to tocopherols, a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, as well as synthetic antioxidants such as propyl gallate, tertiary butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
  • BHT or BHA among other similar antioxidant compounds, are soluble in most of the insect semiochemicals, especially pheromones; and can react efficiently with oxygen in the semiochemical dispensing systems to avoid oxidation, isomerization, breakdown and polymerization of the semiochemicals.
  • One class of antioxidants are lipophilic (fat-soluble) organic compounds that are primarily used as antioxidant food additives.
  • Suitable antioxidants also include polar antioxidants, such as phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, catechins, anthocyanins, and their glycosides.
  • polar antioxidants such as phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, catechins, anthocyanins, and their glycosides.
  • the polar phenolics are advantageous for stabilization of the polar semiochemicals.
  • Suitable insect-inactive oils to use with semiochemicals include, but are not limited to oils derived from plants, such as vegetable oils and nut oils. These are widely available and cost effective. Suitable oils include, but are not limited to, canola oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, olive oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, and coconut oil, among many others. Nut oils include, but are not limited to, almond oil, cashew oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, mongongo nut oil, pecan oil, pine nut oil, pistachio oil, sacha inchi oil, walnut oil plus many others. Melon and gourd seed oils are very common and inexpensive. The oils listed above include saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids; which are soluble in many insect semiochemicals, especially the less- or non-polar ones.
  • Semiochemicals that may be combined with one or more insect-inactive oils, one or more antioxidants, or both include but are not limited to, pheromones, kairomones, allomones, and synomones (such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs)).
  • the listing of semiochemicals is not limited to the use of any class or specific semiochemicals, as the oils and antioxidants can be combined with any one or more of the known semiochemicals for stabilizing the semiochemical against oxidation, and/or for controlling the release rate of the semiochemical from a release device.
  • the listing of semiochemicals below is meant to be illustrative only.
  • a semiochemical is defined to include any chemical that operates to modify or affect the behavior of an insect.
  • repellant-type semiochemicals may be used to drive certain insects out of an area or to prevent or reduce insect ingress into an area, such as a building, or to repel particular insects from an individual or animal.
  • insects use semiochemicals that affect the behaviors of other individuals.
  • Pheromones provide intra-species signals that aid in finding mates, food and habitat resources, warning of enemies, and avoiding competition. Allomones and kairomones provide interspecies signals that provide similar functions.
  • the goals of using semiochemicals in insect management are typically to monitor populations, and/or to alter insect behavior.
  • Semiochemicals generally have the benefits of being highly targeted, relatively nontoxic, nonpersistent and environmentally safe, and difficult for insects to develop resistance against.
  • Pheromones may be classified by behavioral function, and include such pheromones as aggregation pheromones, alarm pheromones, sex pheromones, marking pheromones, and trail pheromones.
  • Semiochemicals that may be prone to degradation, oxidation, isomerization, breakdown, or polymerization may include, methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate and methyl (E,Z)-2,4-dodecadienoate, their isomers and analogs, or any combination thereof.
  • any semiochemical may benefit by combining with an antioxidant and/or insect-inactive oil.
  • Suitable compounds may include, Z- 5-decenyl acetate, dodecanyl acetate, Z-7-dodecenyl acetate, E-7-dodecenyl acetate, Z-8- dodecenyl acetate, E-8-dodecenyl acetate, Z-9-dodecenyl acetate, E-9-dodecenylacetate, E-10-dodecenyl acetate, 1 1-dodecenyl acetate, Z-9, 11 -dodecadienyl acetate, E-9, 11- dodecadienyl acetate, Z- 11 -tridecenyl acetate, E- 1 -tridecenyl acetate, tetradecenyl acetate, E-7-tetradecenyl acetate, Z-8-tetradecenyl acetate, E-8-tetradecenyl acetate, Z
  • Suitable allomones include but are not limited to 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z,E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z)-l l- hexadecenal, [(6-0-hexopyranosylhexopyranosyl)-oxy](phenyl)-acetonitrile, or any combination thereof.
  • Suitable synomones may include but are not limited to (£)-4,8- dimethyl-l,3,7-nonatriene, (Z)-4,8-dimethyl-l,3,7-nonatriene, 4,8, 12-trimethyl-l,3is,7is, l l-tridecatetraene, or any analogs thereof, trans-fi-ocimene, cis- ⁇ -ocimene, trans-a-ocimene, cz ' s-a-ocimene, or any analogs thereof, and any combination thereof.
  • the attractant compounds include (E)-2- hexenal, a-terpineol, (E)-2-hexenal, linalool, acetic acid, isobutanol, racemic 2-methyl-l - butanol, S-(-)-2-methyl- 1 -butanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, heptyl butyrate and butyl butyrate.
  • Representative repellents may include any of the following essential oils (the insect-active oils) or their constituents.
  • the essential oils are: anise oil, castor oil, cedar oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, clove oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, fennel seed oil, garlic oil, geranium oil, lavender oil, lemongrass oil, linseed oil, mint oil, patchouli oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermint oil, Roman chamomile oil, rosemary oil, sage oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, spearmint oil, thyme oil, wintergreen oil, and ylang ylang oil, or any combination thereof.
  • the constituents include: I-menthone, P-menthone, eugenol, is-citral, Z-citral, pulegone, a-thujone, ⁇ -thujone, methyl benzoate, /-carvone, methyl salicylate, is/Z-nepetalactone, Z/is-nepetalactone, 3-octanol, benzyl acetate, and citronellal, or any combination thereof.
  • Representative insect attractants may include acetic acid; short chain alcohols chosen from 2-methyl-l -butanol, isobutanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, or a combination thereof; homo- or mono- terpene herbivore-induced plant (HIPVs) volatiles chosen from (£)-4,8-dimethyl-l,3,7-nonatriene, (Z)-4,8-dimethyl-l,3,7-nonatriene, 4,8, 12-trimethyl-l,3is,7is, l l-tridecatetraene, trans-fi-ocimem, cz ' s-p-ocimene, trans- a-ocimene, cz ' s-a-ocimene, or a combination thereof.
  • HIPVs homo- or mono- terpene herbivore-induced plant
  • One insect control technology is the use of semiochemicals to attract or lure an insect to a trap compartment from which the insect can not escape. In such traps, the insect will die from dehydration or the insect may drown if the compartment is filled with a liquid.
  • the semiochemical may be provided as a solid or liquid composition within the trap compartment.
  • the semiochemical composition may be applied to an absorbent substrate.
  • the semiochemical composition is in a powder or particulate form.
  • the semiochemical composition may be in liquid form, or incorporated into a gel, paste, or solid matrix, or absorbed onto a porous medium such as a sponge or paper, for example.
  • the semiochemical When the semiochemical is combined with one or more insect-inactive oils, the semiochemical exhibits a slower release rate. Due to the non (and low) volatility properties of the oils. Oils such as cooking oils (especially vegetable oils) can be used to dilute the semiochemicals for controlling the release rate from various devices used in traps.
  • Oils such as cooking oils (especially vegetable oils) can be used to dilute the semiochemicals for controlling the release rate from various devices used in traps.
  • the antioxidants react with free radicals and oxygen, thus, the antioxidant avoids or prolongs, to some extent, oxidation, breakdown and polymerization of the semiochemical. Thus, the useful life of the semiochemical in the trap can be extended.
  • Suitable insect traps that may include the use of the compositions described herein are, for illustration purposes only, disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,886,481; and 6,910,298, fully incorporated herein expressly by reference.
  • the choice of antioxidant and/or insect-inactive oil will be dependent on the chemical properties of the semiochemical. For example, whether the semiochemical is polar, non polar, or only slightly polar, whether the semiochemical is easily volatized or whether the semiochemical volatizes slowly, are factors that will determine which insect- inactive oil and/or antioxidant to use. It should be appreciated that more than one semiochemical can be used in the semiochemical compositions disclosed herein, since some semiochemical combinations provide a synergistic effect.
  • the trap design may also dictate whether the semiochemical composition is provided as a solid or liquid. When provided as a liquid, it is not necessary that the semiochemical be soluble in the oil or antioxidant, as the semiochemical can be emulsified in the oil or antioxidant.
  • the solution or emulsion will be applied onto a solid substrate.
  • a method of applying the insect-inactive oil, antioxidant and the semiochemical on substrates may include, spraying the substrate, or dipping the substrate into the semiochemical compositions. The amount of antioxidant or oil, or both may vary based on the intended semiochemical.
  • any insect-inactive oil, antioxidant, and semiochemical may comprise about, at most about, or at least about a weight percent of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 1 1, 1 1.5, 12, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 15.5, 16, 16.5, 17, 17.5, 18, 18.5, 19, 19.5, 20, 20.5, 21, 21.5, 22, 22.5, 23, 23.5, 24, 24.5, 25, 25.5, 26, 26.5, 27, 27.5, 28, 28.5, 29, 29.5, 30, 30.5, 31, 31.5, 32, 32.5, 33, 33.5, 34, 34.5, 35, 35.5, 36, 36.5, 37, 37.5, 38, 38.5, 39, 39.5, 40, 40.5, 41, 41.5, 42, 42.5, 43, 43.5, 44, 44.5, 45, 45.5, 46, 46.5, 47, 47.5, 48, 48.5, 49, 39.5, 40, 40.5, 41, 41.5, 42, 4
  • composition embodiment herein may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of components, ingredients, steps, etc.
  • consist essentially of such embodiments are drawn to the specified components, ingredients, steps, etc., and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the composition.
  • Non-limiting examples of those components that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics may include propellants, such as nitrogen, if the composition is provided as a spray.
  • propellants such as nitrogen
  • the dispensing of antioxidants, and/or insect-inactive oils with semiochemicals may be by way of passive evaporation or volatilization from a device or a propelled release method, such as dispersion by an aerosol spray.
  • a release device can be a container having a space therein to house a material onto which one or more of the semiochemicals with the antioxidants and/or the insect-inactive oils is impregnated.
  • Suitable materials can be fibrous, porous, solids, or flexible materials. Suitable materials may include such absorbent materials such as paper, porous plastics, absorbent minerals, carbon, and the like.
  • the release device can have an opening on the outer surface thereof to permit the semiochemical volatiles to escape the device.
  • the device may include means for closing the opening, such as when the device is not in use, and, more preferably, the size of the opening can be made adjustable to allow the user of the device control over whether to emit more or less of the volatiles, including complete shut off.
  • the release device can vary in its shape or size to accommodate short periods of efficacy or long periods of efficacy. Devices can come in sizes made to last days or weeks by altering the amount of semiochemicals that are loaded into the absorbent material. What follows are more specific examples of suitable release devices for releasing semiochemicals when in combination with antioxidants and/or insect-inactive oils. However, it is to be understood that other release devices, including porous materials, may be used.
  • FIGURES 1A, IB, and 1C illustrate front, side, and end views, respectively, of a sachet or stick pack 100.
  • the stick pack 100 is a generally tubular structure formed from a sheet of material, preferably a polymeric sheet comprising multiple layers or laminae.
  • the end portions 102 are sealed transversely, and a longitudinal sealed portion 104 closes the tubular structure, such that a volume is defined between the ends 102.
  • the properties and configuration of the multiple layers for stick packs 100 cooperatively restrict and control the release rate of volatiles from the semiochemicals that are packaged in the stick pack 100.
  • the designer may select the materials and certain characteristics of the layers used for the sheet of material to achieve a desired volatile release rate.
  • the layer material properties e.g., the porosity of the material to the selected semiochemical volatiles
  • the thickness of the layers e.g., the thickness of the layers
  • the characteristics of optional apertures e.g., number, density, size, depth, and shape.
  • a front panel 106 of the stick pack 100 optionally includes a pattern of micro-perforations 1 10 that are sized and configured to achieve a desired release rate of volatiles, as discussed below.
  • a back panel 108 portion of the stick pack 100 does not include any micro-perforations. However, it is contemplated that in some applications it will be desirable that the back panel 108 also include micro-perforations 1 10.
  • the stick pack may be formed from a suitably permeable or porous material, wherein the permeability is sufficient to achieve a desired volatile release rate without the use of micro-perforations.
  • FIGURE 2 A illustrates a cross section of the stick pack 100 with the semiochemical composition 120 in the stick pack 100 illustrated generically.
  • the innermost layer 1 14 comprises a material having a relatively low density that is suitable for heat welding to form effective seals.
  • the innermost layer 1 14 may also be selected for its permeability to the semiochemical volatiles 122.
  • the outermost layer 112 is bonded or otherwise adhered to the innermost layer 114 and is formed of a relatively higher density material selected for its barrier functionality, mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and suitability for manipulation in a high speed stick pack machine (see, FIGURE 4).
  • the semiochemical composition 120 comprises one or more semiochemicals, and other components that may be desired, for example, to stabilize or otherwise affect the chemical or mechanical properties of the composition 120.
  • the semiochemical composition 120 is illustrated in an idealized bead, powder, or particulate form having a characteristic size or dimension (e.g., diameter).
  • the micro-perforations 1 10 are sized to prevent the loss of the particulates therethrough.
  • the semiochemical composition 120 may alternatively be in liquid form, incorporated into a gel, paste, or solid matrix, or absorbed into a porous medium such as a sponge or paper, for example.
  • the semiochemical composition may be of relatively low viscosity, or a very viscous or viscoelastic material. The selected semiochemical volatilizes at the environmental conditions contemplated for its intended use.
  • the quantity of semiochemical composition 120 may be such that the volume enclosed by the stick pack 100 is only partially filled by the composition 120.
  • the remaining volume in the stick pack 100 may be partially or substantially filled with semiochemical vapors or volatiles 122.
  • the volatiles 122 escape or are gradually released through the micro-perforations 1 10, and/or through any permeable layer defined by the stick pack 100.
  • the semiochemical composition 120 is illustrated in an idealized liquid form. If the semiochemical composition 120 is in liquid form it is contemplated that the micro-perforations 1 10 will extend only through the outer layers 112, and the non-perforated inner layer 114 will therefore prevent any leakage of liquid semiochemical composition 120 therethrough.
  • the inner layer 1 14, of course, is selected to permit a gradual release of semiochemical volatiles. The rate of release of the volatiles 122 will depend in part on the characteristics of the micro-perforations 1 10.
  • the rate of release may depend on micro-perforation parameters such as (l) the number of perforations; (2) the size or distribution of sizes of the perforations; (3) the spacing and pattern of the perforations; (4) the shape of the perforations (e.g., elongate, star-shaped, circular); (5) the depth of the perforations (e.g., extending partially through the substrate); and (6) any blockage of the perforations.
  • micro-perforation parameters such as (l) the number of perforations; (2) the size or distribution of sizes of the perforations; (3) the spacing and pattern of the perforations; (4) the shape of the perforations (e.g., elongate, star-shaped, circular); (5) the depth of the perforations (e.g., extending partially through the substrate); and (6) any blockage of the perforations.
  • the designer and/or the user therefore, have a number of parameters that may be used to control the rate of release of volatiles 122.
  • the designer may select the size and number of micro-perforations 1 10 to accommodate a particular semiochemical or combination of semiochemicals 120 to achieve a desired release rate.
  • a composition 120 having a semiochemical with a low volatility may require more and larger perforations than one with a semiochemical that is highly volatile.
  • different configurations of micro-perforations 110 may be available, depending on the anticipated environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity) for the expected use of the semiochemicals composition 120.
  • one configuration of micro-perforations in a semiochemical stick pack 100 may be suitable when lower temperatures are expected, and a different configuration may be suitable at higher temperatures.
  • a family of semiochemical stick packs 100 may be made available to users, who will then select the particular stick pack 100 that suits their application.
  • a blocking element (not shown), for example, a strip of adhesive, a sleeve, or the like, may be provided to selectively block some portion of the micro-perforations 1 10, to selectively adjust the rate of release of volatiles 122, for example, to adjust for environmental conditions or to accommodate particular situations.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an exemplary fragmentary cross section of a sheet 130 that may be used to form the stick pack 100.
  • the sheet 130 includes one or more polymeric laminae, and may additionally include paper or foil laminae (barrier layer), for example.
  • the sheet 130 comprises four laminae 131, 132, 133, 134.
  • An exemplary total thickness of the sheet 130 is in the range of 5.0 to 400.0 microns. In a current embodiment, the total thickness is between about 30.0 microns and 300.0 microns.
  • the multiple laminae 131, 132, 133, 134 may be provided to produce a desired release rate of volatiles 122, and to achieve desired mechanical and manufacturability properties.
  • the material for the innermost lamina 131 may be selected, in part, for its ability to produce good and consistent longitudinal and end seals for the stick pack 100.
  • the material for one or more of the laminae 131, 132, 133, 134 may also be selected based on the permeability of the material to the semiochemical volatiles, providing an additional parameter to control the release rate of particular volatiles 122.
  • micro-perforations have varying diameters and varying depths of penetration through the sheet 130.
  • micro-perforations 135 are relatively small in diameter and extend through the outer lamina 134 and all of the way to the inner lamina 131. If a solid semiochemical is to be used, for example, the micro- perforations 135 may alternatively extend through the inner lamina 131. Therefore, molecules of suitable size may escape from the stick pack 100 through the apertures 135.
  • Micro-perforations 136 although relatively large in diameter, only extend through the two outermost laminae 133, 134. Therefore, only molecules that are permeable to the innermost laminae 131, 132 will readily escape through these micro-perforations 136.
  • Micro-perforations 137 are of intermediate diameter, and extend through the three outermost laminae 132, 133, 134 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • a stick pack 100 may be designed to contain a plurality of different semiochemicals in a mixture or agglomeration, and to provide different release rates for each of the different semiochemicals.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates a system 200 for producing a stick pack 100 containing one or more semiochemicals.
  • the system 200 in this embodiment takes a roll of sheet material 202 and selectively directs a laser system 204 to produce a desired pattern of micro-perforations in or through the sheet material 202.
  • Different commercial laser systems are suitable.
  • CO 2 lasers such as "sealed off coherent CO 2 lasers.
  • Such lasers are suitable for use to process paper, plastic film, and other flexible materials.
  • the sealed off coherent CO 2 laser has become a tool of choice to process packaging materials due to its reliability, low cost, compact footprint, and high quality with respect to laser power and beam characteristics.
  • a reservoir 206 of the desired semiochemical composition provides product to a stick pack machine 208 that receives the sheet material 202 and forms the final stick pack 100 of semiochemical composition 120.
  • the operation is controlled with a computer or stand-alone central processing unit (CPU) controller 210 that may be separate or integrated into the stick pack machine 208.
  • the controller 210 is programmable to accommodate different sheet material 202 and semiochemicals 120, such that the system 200 may be operated to produce any number of different products.
  • a simplified flow chart 220 of a method in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIGURE 5.
  • the user first selects 222 one or more semiochemicals and sheet material for a particular application.
  • the semiochemicals are selected with reference to the target insect.
  • the selection of semiochemical(s) will include selection of the particular form and composition of the semiochemical, including any matrix material that may be useful for stabilizing or controlling the volatilization of the semiochemical. It may also be desirable to include semiochemicals that repel non-target insects.
  • the composition may also include components to confer particular aesthetic aspects to the composition, such as color or scent.
  • a composite sheet material for the stick pack package is also selected.
  • the selection of the sheet material 202 may require consideration of the particular semiochemical composition selected. For example, the innermost lamina of the sheet material must be compatible with the semiochemical. One or more of the laminae may be selected for their permeability with respect to one or more of the semiochemicals.
  • the packaging for the stick pack 100 is fabricated 224, configured for the desired release rate of the volatiles, for example, with micro-perforations and/or selected permeability properties.
  • the selected semiochemical(s) are deposited into the packaging or onto the sheet prior to sealing the package 226.
  • the stick pack ends and longitudinal seam are sealed 228.
  • the stick pack 100 may then be sealed in an outer package 230, for example, a foil pack or a plastic package, which is suitable for shipping and display.
  • the sealed outer package inhibits the release of the volatiles prior to use.
  • a removable adhesive strip (not shown) may be placed over the micro-perforations and removed prior to use.
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates an exemplary multicompartment stick pack 250.
  • four separate compartments 252 are defined in the stick pack 250, each separate compartment delineated by sealed ends 255.
  • the individual compartments may all be of similar or identical physical characteristics, e.g., micro-perforation 253 size, pattern, and depth.
  • separate adhesive strips may be applied over the micro-perforations 253 in each compartment 252, such that the compartments 252 may be individually opened for releasing volatiles. This gives a user the option to open multiple compartments 252 initially to increase the rate of release of semiochemicals, or to open each compartment 252 only after the previous compartment semiochemical has been exhausted or lost its effectiveness.
  • the compartments 252 may be configured differently, for example, to accommodate different semiochemical compositions 120.
  • the multi-compartment stick pack 250 may therefore be readily designed to accommodate different semiochemicals, with the micro-perforations in each compartment 252 tailored to produce a desired rate of release of volatiles for each semiochemical.
  • a punched hole may be included for hanging or otherwise attaching the stick pack 250 to a device.
  • FIGURE 7 Another exemplary embodiment of a semiochemical stick pack 280 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIGURE 7.
  • the stick pack 280 sachet is formed from a sheet material having at least an outermost lamina 282 as a barrier layer and an innermost lamina 284 as a sealing and releasing layer.
  • This embodiment is similar to the stick pack 100 described above, except that rather than (or in addition to) a plurality of micro-perforations, windows are formed in the outermost lamina 282, defining an opening or "window" in the sachet that exposes the innermost lamina 284.
  • the innermost lamina 284 may be permeable to the semiochemical volatiles to permit a gradual release rate and/or may include micro-perforations (not shown) to further control the release rate.
  • the innermost lamina 284 is therefore exposed for release of volatiles.
  • a packaging or other external barrier (not shown) to prevent or mitigate release of the semiochemical before deployment of the stick pack 280 storage before use could be provided.
  • the packaging and stick pack are configured to maintain the integrity of the semiochemical contents over time, e.g., during shipment and storage, such that the semiochemical product will produce the desired release rate and retain its efficacy when the stick pack is deployed.
  • FIGURE 8A is a plan view of a portion of a sheet of material 301 for producing a single stick pack 300. It will be appreciated that the sheet of material would typically be configured on a continuous roll (not shown), and may include templates or room for multiple stick packs 300 across the width of the roll.
  • FIGURE 8B is a cross-sectional view of the unit template shown in FIGURE 8A, with the depth dimension exaggerated for clarity.
  • the inner layer 302 shown on the bottom in FIGURE 8B is configured to define the inner lamina of the stick pack 300, and is adhered to an outermost layer 303.
  • the outermost layer 303 includes one or more peel-away portions 304, 306 that are configured to be removed just prior to use, to open "windows" exposing a portion of the inner layer 302.
  • the inner layer 302 may comprises a plurality of laminae, perhaps including micro-perforations as shown in FIGURE 3, or may be a single layer without micro-perforations, and having a permeability to the semiochemical to provide the desired release rate.
  • the peel-away portions 304, 306 may be produced using different methods, as are known in the art.
  • the peel-away portions 304, 306 are created or defined by leaving a selected window portion of the inner layer un-laminated during the sheet-making process, and laser scoring or cutting the outer layer 303, without cutting the inner layer 302.
  • the peal-away operation may be carried out as part of the film-making process, i.e., before the stick pack is formed, or may be left for the end-user to perform, for example immediately before use.
  • FIGURE 9 shows a front view of the stick pack 300, fully assembled and therefore containing the desired semiochemical.
  • End seals 312, 314 close the stick pack 300 at the top and bottom ends, and a longitudinal seal 314 closes the lateral edges to define the tube structure.
  • the first peel-away portion 304 is shown partially removed to expose a portion of the inner layer 302.
  • This packaging arrangement provides the end-user with great control and flexibility in controlling the release rate of the semiochemical contained therein, by allowing the end-user to determine how much of the peel-away portion 304 to peal down, and similarly how much of the options back side peal-away portions 306.
  • the peal-away portions are formed only on the front side of the stick pack.
  • FIGURES 10A and 10B illustrate other embodiments of stick packs 320 and 340, respectively.
  • the stick pack 320 includes two peal-away portions 324 defined by cuts or score lines 323.
  • the score lines 323 are not closed, and therefore the peal-away portions 324 will generally remain attached to the stick pack 320.
  • the multiple peal-away portions 324 allow an end-user to control the rate of release of volatiles from the stick pack 320 by pealing one or both of the peal-away portions 324 and/or by electing how far to pull the peal-away portion(s) 324 down the stick pack 320.
  • more than two peal-away portions may used.
  • the stick pack 340 has a peal-away portion 344 that is much shorter than the length of the stick pack 340.
  • the user may more precisely control the location that volatiles are released from the stick pack 340.
  • the stick packs in accordance with the present invention may alternatively be used to release a very large amount of insect pheromone in the field, for example to disrupt the normal mating behavior of target insects (a pest control approach called "mating disruption”.
  • the stick packs in accordance with the present invention provide a mechanism for very precisely controlling the release rate of semiochemicals contained in the stick pack.
  • the stick packs may be used in insect traps to lure the target insect into the trap with an attractant.
  • stick packs containing repellant semiochemicals may be distributed about a particular perimeter to drive a target species away from a region, and/or to discourage the target insect from entering the region.
  • the stick packs may be placed around the points of entry into a building, or around a tent or other portable shelter.
  • While the inclusion of semiochemicals with antioxidants and/or insect-inactive oils in the above-mentioned release devices may be the preferred method of dispensing some semiochemicals that are prone to degradation by oxygen, and ultraviolet light, some relatively heavy semiochemicals combined with antioxidants, and/or insect-inactive oils may also be dispensed by application onto various porous materials for direct maximum release.
  • porous materials are known for a wide range of applications in many diverse fields.
  • Various porous plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, EVA, Teflon etc.
  • Their high surface areas are certainly good for absorption and holding, however, some low density and high porosity porous plastics might have just enough surfaces for holding or retaining heavy insect pheromones or attractants, but have bigger exposure area to air for improving the release rates of some heavy and stable insect pheromone compounds.
  • the shape and size of pores and porosity can be easily varied to achieve certain surface areas for absorption and desorption (release), such as sheets, membranes and blocks.
  • Polyfibers including materials such as felts or sheets made of natural or synthetic fibers (polyester) could also provide similar surface areas and properties as the porous plastics.
  • Plastic (polymer) foams including various types of plastic foams, have been used for sponges and like products for absorption and for insulation (buildings, car seats, bedding etc.).
  • some open-cell plastic foams can also be used for dispensing the heavy insect pheromone (attractants) or some repellents with a high level of active release rate thresholds for repellency.
  • Other porous materials might include natural fibers, such as cellulose and glass fibers (fiberglass), and/or synthetic fibers, and any combination.
  • Semiochemicals In insect management are typically to monitor populations, and/or to alter insect behavior, for example to reduce target pest insect populations.
  • Semiochemicals generally have the benefits of being highly targeted, relatively nontoxic, nonpersistent and environmentally safe, and difficult for insects to develop resistance against.
  • a method for controlling insect behavior includes placing into a release device configured to achieve a desired rate of release of semiochemical volatiles, a composition comprising an antioxidant and/or an insect-inactive oil; and a semiochemical; releasing semiochemical volatiles into an area, wherein the release rate of the semiochemical volatiles is controlled through the device, or the presence of the antioxidant or insect-inactive oil in the composition; and controlling the behavior of an insect within the area with the semiochemical volatiles.
  • the semiochemical may be a pheromone, an allomone, a kairomone, or a synomone.
  • the insect-inactive oil may be derived from a plant.
  • the insect-inactive oil may be a liquid.
  • the insect-inactive oil may be a vegetable oil.
  • the insect-inactive oil may be a nut oil.
  • the composition may include more than one semiochemical.
  • the composition may include more than one oil.
  • the composition may include more than one antioxidant.
  • the antioxidant may be a-tocopherol, propyl gallate, tertiary butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, or butylated hydroxyanisole.
  • the semiochemical may be released through one or more apertures in the release device.
  • the device may include a polymeric sheet comprising a plurality of laminae.
  • An innermost lamina of the plurality of laminae may be semi-permeable such that the semiochemical in a volatilized state can pass through the innermost lamina.
  • the polymeric sheet may include an innermost lamina that is permeable to the semiochemical vapors and an outer lamina that is configured to peal away from the inner lamina.
  • the composition may be a liquid.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, des substances sémiochimiques sont combinées à des huiles et/ou des antioxydants pour réguler et maintenir le taux de seuil de libération des substances sémiochimiques (telles que les substances attractives ou les substances répulsives) de dispositifs de libération, pour obtenir une action ou performance optimale, pour réduire ou éliminer l'oxydation, l'isomérisation, la décomposition et la polymérisation des substances sémiochimiques, ainsi que pour stabiliser et/ou protéger les principes sémiochimiques actifs.
PCT/US2012/035258 2011-05-03 2012-04-26 Antioxydants et huiles végétales utilisés comme stabilisants de substances sémiochimiques de lutte contre les insectes Ceased WO2012151110A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161482023P 2011-05-03 2011-05-03
US61/482,023 2011-05-03
US201261622863P 2012-04-11 2012-04-11
US61/622,863 2012-04-11
US13/452,744 2012-04-20
US13/452,744 US20120280055A1 (en) 2011-04-20 2012-04-20 Method and dispenser for controlled release of semiochemicals

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2635113A4 (fr) * 2011-05-19 2014-11-19 Sterling Int Inc Murgantiol en tant qu'attractif pour attirer des pentatomes dans des dispositifs d'intérieur
US9859535B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2018-01-02 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Pouch-type battery and method of manufacturing the same
CN111819440A (zh) * 2018-02-01 2020-10-23 传感器开发公司 通过感测昆虫幼虫和昆虫成虫的挥发性信息素和化学信息素来检测储藏物中的昆虫幼虫和昆虫成虫的装置
CN112782309A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-11 常州大学 一种稳定长链不饱和烯醛的方法
CN113563448A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-10-29 南京林业大学 一种与香樟挥发性化合物和虫体信息素结合的蛋白PtsuOBP39、引诱剂及其应用
KR20220156712A (ko) * 2021-05-18 2022-11-28 신성환 지주 시설물용 까치집 방지기구

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US4285468A (en) * 1977-06-03 1981-08-25 Sy Hyman Article for the dispensing of volatiles
JPH0818927B2 (ja) * 1988-05-13 1996-02-28 信越化学工業株式会社 徐放性フェロモン製剤
DE10252950B4 (de) * 2002-11-14 2008-11-13 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Spender zur kontrollierten Freisetzung flüchtiger Substanzen
GB2436288B (en) * 2006-03-24 2010-11-03 Exosect Ltd Solid wax matrix lure

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2635113A4 (fr) * 2011-05-19 2014-11-19 Sterling Int Inc Murgantiol en tant qu'attractif pour attirer des pentatomes dans des dispositifs d'intérieur
US9859535B2 (en) 2014-09-30 2018-01-02 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Pouch-type battery and method of manufacturing the same
CN111819440A (zh) * 2018-02-01 2020-10-23 传感器开发公司 通过感测昆虫幼虫和昆虫成虫的挥发性信息素和化学信息素来检测储藏物中的昆虫幼虫和昆虫成虫的装置
CN111819440B (zh) * 2018-02-01 2023-07-25 传感器开发公司 通过感测昆虫幼虫和昆虫成虫的挥发性信息素和化学信息素来检测储藏物中的昆虫幼虫和昆虫成虫的装置
CN112782309A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-11 常州大学 一种稳定长链不饱和烯醛的方法
KR20220156712A (ko) * 2021-05-18 2022-11-28 신성환 지주 시설물용 까치집 방지기구
KR102555109B1 (ko) 2021-05-18 2023-07-17 신성환 지주 시설물용 까치집 방지기구
CN113563448A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-10-29 南京林业大学 一种与香樟挥发性化合物和虫体信息素结合的蛋白PtsuOBP39、引诱剂及其应用

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