WO2012168445A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur, échangeur de chaleur, et installation de fabrication - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur, échangeur de chaleur, et installation de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012168445A1
WO2012168445A1 PCT/EP2012/060923 EP2012060923W WO2012168445A1 WO 2012168445 A1 WO2012168445 A1 WO 2012168445A1 EP 2012060923 W EP2012060923 W EP 2012060923W WO 2012168445 A1 WO2012168445 A1 WO 2012168445A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet
heat exchanger
adhesive layer
plate
lower plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/060923
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA 86 Solar Steel AG
Original Assignee
ETA 86 Solar Steel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETA 86 Solar Steel AG filed Critical ETA 86 Solar Steel AG
Publication of WO2012168445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012168445A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/54—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings using evacuated elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/40—Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/70—Sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/601—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules by bonding, e.g. by using adhesives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a heat exchanger, a
  • Heat exchanger and a manufacturing plant, with the aid of a heat exchanger can be provided, which can be used for example as a solar absorber for solar thermal.
  • a vacuum solar collector is known in which an absorber having a guided through the solar collector coil with a cooling medium is disposed in an evacuated housing.
  • the housing has an upper transparent disc, which is connected via a rectangular frame with a lower base plate. For this purpose, the disc is glued to the frame with the aid of a UV-resistant, aging-resistant, vacuum-tight adhesive.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing a heat exchanger with the features of claim 1, a heat exchanger having the features of claim 9 and a manufacturing system with the features of claim 10.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • the inventive method for producing a heat exchanger, in particular solar absorber for solar thermal comprises the steps of providing a lower sheet, providing an upper sheet, wherein the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet is provided with an absorption layer for absorbing radiation, applying a
  • thermosetting adhesive layer on the lower plate and / or the upper sheet in particular by spray application and / or bead application, placing the upper sheet and / or the
  • the adhesive layer forms at least one circumferential closed adhesive ring and within the adhesive ring is formed from an inlet to an outlet flow channel by means of the lower plate and the upper sheet, and irradiating at least a portion of the absorption layer with a absorbable from the absorbent layer Radiation until the top sheet is connected to the lower plate by means of the adhesive layer with a strength at least equal to a handling strength.
  • Upper sheet and / or the lower plate can heat. Due to the heated upper plate and / or lower plate, the adhesive layer can cure to the extent that the upper plate is firmly enough connected to the lower plate that the heat exchanger by hand and / can be turned by machine, without the upper plate moved relative to the lower plate due to their own weight ("handling strength")
  • Adhesive layer has a bonding strength of 5 MPa to 25 MPa, preferably 10 MPa to 20 MPa.
  • a first curing of the adhesive layer in particular during and / or immediately after placement of the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet on the adhesive layer can be achieved by the properties of the absorption layer already in the manufacturing process be used of the heat exchanger. This results in a very homogeneous uniform adhesive force for the adhesive layer.
  • the absorption layer is according to the invention not only Absorption of radiation, in particular sunlight, and / or for the retention of heat and / or cold of a fiuid trimströmten body, but also for the manufacture, in particular at least partial curing, an adhesive bond used.
  • the properties of the absorption layer are used not only after production, but also during the production of the heat exchanger. Due to the high absorption capacity of the
  • Absorption layer can be achieved for curing the adhesive layer high efficiency.
  • a comparatively low energy input by the irradiation a comparatively high heating power for the adhesive layer can be achieved. Power losses, for example, by unintentional heating of the ambient air, can be minimized.
  • the adhesive layer can be widened by the applied force, resulting in an increased adhesive surface between the adhesive layer and the lower plate and / or the upper plate, which leads to an increased strength of the adhesive bond.
  • This results in almost perfect contact surfaces of the adhesive layer which allows for a low adhesive consumption high strength and optimized heat transfer between the top plate and the adhesive layer and between the bottom plate and the adhesive layer.
  • the introduced by the irradiation of energy input into the top plate and / or in the lower plate can thereby particularly quickly lead to hardening of the adhesive layer, so that the required handling strength for the further manufacturing steps of the heat exchanger is reached correspondingly quickly.
  • the absorption layer can be, for example, a special absorption varnish with a particularly high absorption capacity for sunlight or else a varnish for example, act black in a dark color.
  • the absorption layer can have an absorption maximum in the region of the blue, violet or ultraviolet color range of the sunlight.
  • the absorption layer is designed in particular as a selective coating, which is characterized not only by a high absorption capacity but also by a low emission value. The selective coating results in a low heat radiation, which
  • the absorption layer has in particular a thermal emissivity ⁇ of ⁇ ⁇ 7.0%, preferably ⁇ ⁇ 6.0%, more preferably ⁇ ⁇ 5.0%> and particularly preferably ⁇ ⁇ 4.0%>, the emissivity ⁇ in particular 4.0%> ⁇ , preferably 3.0%> ⁇ , more preferably 2.0%> ⁇ and particularly preferably 1, 0% ⁇ can be.
  • the absorption layer has, in particular, a solar absorption coefficient ⁇ of 80% ⁇ ⁇ 99%, preferably 85% ⁇ ⁇ 98%, more preferably 90%> ⁇ ⁇ 97%> and particularly preferably 95% ⁇ ⁇ 96%>.
  • the absorption layer has in particular a thickness d of
  • Absorption layer for example, have a material hardness of R240 according to EN 1652 or Hl 8 according to EN 485.
  • An outwardly facing surface of the absorption layer may in particular have a mean surface roughness Ra of 0.01 ⁇ ⁇ Ra ⁇ 0.30 ⁇ , preferably 0.05 ⁇ ⁇ Ra ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ and particularly preferably 0, 10 ⁇ ⁇ Ra ⁇ 0, 20 ⁇ have. Due to the improved absorption of solar radiation, the heating of the by the by the
  • Heat exchanger passed through fluid can be improved, whereby the efficiency is improved.
  • the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet may be provided on the upper side and / or the lower side with a coating, which in particular provides a corrosion protection. This ensures the life of the heat exchanger, while at the same time simplifying maintenance, especially since
  • the heat exchanger can be used, in particular, as a solar absorber for solar thermal energy, in order, for example, to heat water or another essentially liquid or gaseous fluid with the aid of absorbed solar radiation.
  • the heat exchanger can also be used as a radiator, heat sink, absorber or other body through which fluid flows, in which case the absorption layer can serve, for example, as a selective thermal barrier.
  • the absorption layer can provide sufficient heat retention for the
  • the adhesive layer can harden by heat input.
  • the temperature required for this is in particular above the ambient temperature.
  • the thermal conductivity of the particular metallic upper sheet and / or the lower sheet is sufficient to conduct the energy absorbed by the absorption layer as heat to the adhesive layer.
  • the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet is completely provided on one side with the adhesive layer. This can be achieved particularly easily by spraying and / or bead application of the adhesive.
  • a two-component adhesive may be used for the adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive ring formed by the adhesive layer, the interior of the heat exchanger can be sealed against the environment.
  • the adhesive ring is in particular between an outer circumferential flange of the upper sheet and the
  • Adhesive rings are defined so that the width of the adhesive ring can be chosen wide enough to ensure sufficient tightness even with possible aging effects of the adhesive layer over the life of the heat exchanger. This will avoid that the fluid flowing through the flow channel from the inlet to the outlet, in particular water, can escape to the outside between the lower plate and the upper plate and / or ambient air can enter the interior of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the width of the adhesive ring can be chosen wide enough to ensure sufficient tightness even with possible aging effects of the adhesive layer over the life of the heat exchanger. This will avoid that the fluid flowing through the flow channel from the inlet to the outlet, in particular water, can escape to the outside between the lower plate and the upper plate and / or ambient air can enter the interior of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the width of the adhesive ring can be chosen wide enough to ensure sufficient tightness even with possible aging effects of the adhesive layer over the life of the heat exchanger. This will avoid that the fluid flowing through the flow channel from the inlet to the outlet, in particular water, can escape to the outside between
  • Heat exchanger can be easily absorbed by the flange of a holding device over the flange.
  • the absorption layer of the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet is irradiated at least in the region of the adhesive ring, wherein preferably substantially the entire visible surface of the absorption layer is irradiated.
  • the upper sheet can be pressed against the lower sheet, the absorption layer being irradiated radially inside the punch with a suitable irradiation device.
  • the adhesive layer is applied in a common plane.
  • the adhesive layer can be applied to the lower plate and / or the upper plate, for example with the aid of a roller, as a bead application. In particular, only one roller is used for this purpose. It is not necessary depressions in the lower plate and / or in the
  • Spray application can be provided with the adhesive layer.
  • a lateral offset of the upper plate to the lower plate can be avoided or even an automatic Alignment of the upper sheet to the lower plate can be achieved. Misassemblies are thereby avoided.
  • the heat exchanger with the help of very few components.
  • the individual components of the upper plate and the lower plate can be produced by comparable methods, so that it is particularly easy to mass-produce the individual components on an industrial scale in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • forming techniques such as deep drawing, cold forming, hot forming and the like.
  • the resulting, for example, during deep drawing microstructural changes in the sheet the strength and stability is increased even with decreasing plate thickness, so that by low material usage creates a durable and durable product.
  • various metal strips can also be used in an application-oriented manner.
  • the absorption layer may already be part of the respective metal strip before a board for forming the upper sheet or the lower sheet is cut off from the metal strip.
  • This production can be carried out in particular continuously and on an industrial scale.
  • relatively few machines are required to produce the heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the production of the heat exchanger comes with comparatively inexpensive materials and additives. The production is thus simplified and not least due to the lower labor costs, the extra-high cycle times in production and the low-cost materials used cheaper. By a suitable choice of materials and their connection, the performance of the heat exchanger can be optimized in terms of energy consumption and energy output.
  • the heat exchanger has only exactly one inlet and only one outlet.
  • the inlet and / or the outlet are simple protuberances, so that results in a simple geometry that is easy to produce by deep drawing.
  • the protuberances can be configured cylindrical or slightly conical with a slope of about 1.5% to 3.0% and optionally have an undercut, so that it is particularly easy to connect a hose with the aid of a sleeve.
  • the protuberances are in particular designed to be particularly short and have, for example, a length which is just sufficient to connect a sleeve, so that even with particularly small sheet thicknesses
  • Protrusions can be made by deep drawing and welding of the inlet and the outlet to the top plate and / or bottom plate can be avoided.
  • the inlet and the outlet have an asymmetrical shape design. Thereby it can be avoided that when connecting hoses to the inlet and the outlet, the inlet is not confused with the outlet. It is also possible by computer-aided calculations, for example by FEM for the heat exchanger to calculate the ideal flow and energy consumption, for example, based on the materials, shape and / or coating.
  • the ideal energy dissipation for example, based on the application of optimized flow conditions in the heat exchanger can be completely determined in advance, whereby the structure and geometry of the heat exchanger can be optimized in the planning and design phase ideal to optimal energy absorption and energy dissipation by to achieve optimal flows in the heat exchanger.
  • Technical boundary conditions can be considered very early on and implemented in such a way that a tailor-made optimized solution results for each individual individual case.
  • Heat exchangers Due to the relatively simple construction of the heat exchanger and the use of correspondingly corrosion-resistant components of the heat exchanger is almost audit-free over its life, since repairs of wearing parts are not required.
  • Heat exchangers are therefore particularly suitable for heating and / or cooling private buildings, since in particular maintenance activities, if necessary at all, can simply be obtained from an external supplier if necessary and no special expertise is required for operation.
  • the heat exchanger may preferably be made of a steel or a non-ferrous metal, except copper or copper alloys. It is thus possible to select a particularly cost-effective material or to use a material which can be brought into the desired state in a particularly simple manner by the shaping processes provided.
  • a shaped intermediate plate between the lower plate and the upper plate, wherein the intermediate plate between the upper plate and the intermediate plate on the one hand and between the lower plate and the intermediate plate on the other hand each form at least one flow channel.
  • the shaped intermediate plate is formed, for example, as a corrugated sheet or trapezoidal sheet.
  • the intermediate plate can be jammed between the top plate and the bottom plate and / or with the
  • the upper plate and the lower plate can thereby have a particularly simple geometry, wherein the intermediate plate can simultaneously exert a stabilizing effect on the heat exchanger, so that, for example, the upper plate and / or the lower plate at the weight of
  • the flow channel is formed exclusively by the upper plate and the lower plate, so that further components for forming the at least one flow channel are not required.
  • the lower plate is in particular able to absorb at least the weight of the heat exchanger as a load-bearing component without bending in this case.
  • the lower plate has a plate thickness of in particular> 0.1 mm to ⁇ 2.5 mm, preferably> 0.5 mm to ⁇ 2 mm, and particularly preferably> 0.7 mm to ⁇ 1.5 mm.
  • the upper plate of the heat exchanger according to the invention can be a particularly small
  • the upper sheet has in particular a
  • a lower pressure p is applied to the flow channel, wherein for the negative pressure p, in particular 0 bar ⁇ p ⁇ 1 bar, preferably
  • the adhesive layer can be widened by the applied force, resulting in an increased adhesive surface between the adhesive layer and the lower plate and / or the upper plate, which leads to an increased strength of the adhesive bond.
  • the introduced by the irradiation of energy input into the upper plate and / or the lower plate can thereby particularly quickly lead to hardening of the adhesive layer, so that the required handling strength for the further manufacturing steps of the heat exchanger
  • an evacuation device in particular a vacuum pump or a plurality of vacuum pumps can be connected to the inlet and / or the outlet.
  • the inlet or the outlet with a closure, in particular plug be closed airtight.
  • irradiation of at least a part of the first takes place
  • the irradiation need not be interrupted for the application of the negative pressure. Instead, the creation of the
  • Negative pressure with such a time delay for irradiating the absorption layer begin that the previous period of irradiation is sufficient with an air-tight connection of the upper sheet to provide the sub-sheet through the adhesive layer.
  • further irradiation of the absorption layer up to the same or at a further assembly site
  • Ultimate strength to maintain the irradiation and not interrupt Furthermore, it is possible to apply a force to the adhesive layer before the beginning of the irradiation and / or after the beginning of the irradiation, for example by means of a frame-shaped stamp, to achieve the airtight connection and / or to achieve the handling strength and / or the ultimate strength to accelerate.
  • the absorption layer has an absorption maximum at a wavelength ⁇ of 280 nm ⁇ ⁇ 550 nm, in particular 340 nm ⁇ ⁇ 450 nm, and preferably
  • the absorption layer can thereby absorb in particular blue, violet and / or UV-A light, so that particularly high-energy radiation can be absorbed.
  • the absorption layer can preferably absorb substantially harmless radiation for humans, so that a
  • Radiation source for partial curing of the adhesive layer can be used, which requires no special safety measures during handling. Furthermore, such a radiation source or a plurality of such radiation sources can be provided and operated inexpensively. At the same time, the absorption layer can absorb a particularly large proportion of the energy of natural solar radiation, so that the
  • Heat exchanger can be used in particular as a solar absorber for solar thermal.
  • the irradiation of the absorption layer preferably takes place over a period t of 0.2 min ⁇ t ⁇ 30.0 min, in particular 0.5 min ⁇ t ⁇ 15.0 min, preferably
  • T 3.0 min ⁇ T ⁇ 20.0 min
  • T 3.0 min ⁇ T ⁇ 20.0 min
  • T 3.0 min ⁇ T ⁇ 20.0 min
  • preferably 4.0 min ⁇ T ⁇ 15 min more preferably 5.0 min ⁇ T ⁇ 10.0 min
  • T 7.0 min ⁇ 0.5 min.
  • the heat exchanger can be transported after reaching the handling strength of a mounting station in a suitable furnace, where the heat exchanger is heated thermally and / or by means of radiation correspondingly long.
  • the heat exchanger is moved on a belt conveyor with a defined conveying speed through a corresponding furnace.
  • Heat exchanger so that the heat exchanger still has a temperature above ambient temperature and complete cooling of the heat exchanger is avoided after irradiation.
  • the energy input during heating and / or the heating time period can be reduced.
  • a particular ferritic steel is used for the upper sheet and the lower sheet. This allows the hysteresis losses of the steel to be utilized by induction heating the steel to rapidly cure the adhesive used, thereby increasing production speed and at least reducing, if any, aging of the heat exchanger to cure the adhesive.
  • the lower plate has at least one bead facing the upper plate for stiffening the lower plate and / or the upper plate has at least one for
  • Sub-plate facing bead for stiffening the upper sheet, wherein between the bead and the adhesive layer is applied to the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet at least in a partial region of the bead.
  • a plurality of flow channels may be limited laterally to the flow direction.
  • an additional support surface of the upper sheet can be formed on the lower plate, which may be wholly or partially provided with the adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive layer can be applied in particular by thin-jet spraying or bead application. The connection of the upper sheet to the lower sheet is thereby improved.
  • the adhesive layer can be applied in particular by thin-jet spraying or bead application.
  • Dead weights of the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet are better removed. Furthermore, during operation, the heat exchanger can more easily withstand internal pressure and does not bulge even with comparatively thin sheet thicknesses for the upper sheet and / or for the lower sheet.
  • the heat exchanger has an increased rigidity against bending and / or twisting due to the at least one bead.
  • a mechanical connection of the upper sheet to the lower sheet can be provided via the bead, for example by clipping, clinching (clinching), clamping.
  • the bead has a thickening and / or a laterally projecting approach.
  • the upper sheet and the lower sheet are connected to each other by crimping, wherein in the region of the flanging a side surface of the lower sheet and / or a side surface of the upper sheet is covered by the adhesive layer.
  • the corresponding narrow side of the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet can by the material of
  • Adhesive layer be covered so that corrosion of the upper sheet and / or the lower plate can be avoided on the side surface.
  • the adhesive layer provided anyway can simultaneously be used as a corrosion protection layer.
  • protruding sharp edges can be avoided and / or by the material of the adhesive layer be covered and in particular rounded by the cover.
  • a flat continuously continuous plate is used, which can be produced in particular by cutting and / or cutting of a coil.
  • the upper sheet may be configured as a simple, preferably rectangular, flat plate.
  • the upper sheet can be perforation-free, that is without recesses and / or without openings, designed.
  • the upper sheet has in particular at each point substantially the same thickness.
  • the top sheet is characterized by the particularly simple
  • the material for the upper sheet and / or for the lower sheet can be obtained by transferable from a coil by the coil is partially unwound and a sheet is cut from a coil, which is optionally further processed to the upper sheet or lower sheet. In the transfer production, it is also possible to cut the sheet unwound from the coil into blanks and to separate, so that the individual blanks can be passed on by a handling device, for example to punch out and / or deep-draw the top sheet and / or the bottom sheet.
  • the material for the upper sheet and / or for the lower sheet is preferably obtained by follow-on composite production from a coil.
  • the coil is unwound, punched out the material for the upper plate and / or for the lower plate from the unwound part of the coil and wound up the remaining remainder of the coil after punching.
  • the follow-on composite production results in a particularly rapid and substantially continuous production of the blanks for the top sheet and / or the bottom sheet, wherein in particular the top sheet tool falling can be produced by punching without further machining or cutting operations and / or transformations are required.
  • a first board and a second board are provided, the
  • the first board is deep drawn to a top sheet and / or the second board to a bottom plate, wherein preferably during deep drawing, an inlet and / or an outlet in the top sheet and / or in the
  • Sub-plate are formed.
  • a inlet associated with the inlet basin and an outlet associated with the outlet basin are preferably simultaneously produced by deep drawing.
  • the inlet and / or the outlet and / or a resulting flange surface are trimmed.
  • only machines are required for the production of the heat exchanger, which are known, for example, with the necessary know-how from the automotive industry, for example, the body shop.
  • the invention further relates to a heat exchanger, in particular solar absorber for
  • Solar thermal energy preferably produced by the method, which can be described above and further educated, with a lower plate, a top plate, wherein the upper plate and / or the lower plate is provided with an absorption layer for absorbing radiation, and one between the lower plate and the Upper sheet in particular by spray application and / or bead application applied thermosettable adhesive layer for sealing connection of the upper sheet with the lower sheet, wherein the adhesive layer forms at least a circumferential closed adhesive ring and within the adhesive ring from a inlet to an outlet extending flow channel through the lower plate and the Upper plate is formed, wherein the inlet opens into a Einlaufbassin to equalize a flow and the outlet in the outlet basin for merging
  • Flows opens, wherein from the inlet basin to the outlet basin extending beads to form flow channels through the lower plate and / or the upper plate are formed, wherein the beads at least one transverse to the flow direction of the
  • the heat exchanger can in particular be designed and developed further as explained above with reference to the method.
  • the inlet basin and the outlet basin are connected via a line bottom formed by the lower plate of the flow channel, which is bounded laterally in particular in the flow direction by the beads.
  • the line bottom in this case has a smaller distance from the upper plate than a Einlaufbassinboden the inlet basin and a discharge basin bottom of the outlet basin to the upper plate.
  • the flow of the fluid which has been conducted into the inlet basin via the inlet can initially be compared due to the clearly decreasing flow velocity, whereby turbulent or non-uniform flows in the region of the pipeline bottom are avoided or at least the degree of turbulence is reduced. Accordingly, in the outflow area formed by the outlet basin, the flows flowing over the flow channels are first brought together before the fluid leaves the heat exchanger via the outlet. As a result, turbulent flows are avoided or at least reduced in the outflow region and in the region of the conduit bottom. This leads to an almost completely uniformed flow, which is in the range of
  • Outlet basins having substantially the same flow rate and substantially the same flow direction.
  • the linear and / or homogeneous flow achieved by the basins can in this case be provided in the region of the conduit floor between straight surfaces of the lower plate and the upper plate in order to absorb and / or dispense heat.
  • the inlet basin in the inflow area and the outlet basin in the outflow area are dimensioned in particular as a function of the expected volume flow of the fluid. Since there is thus a largely uniform, in particular laminar and homogeneous flow within the heat exchanger, heat transport in the flow direction is optimized or at least reduced counter to the flow direction, so that a particularly high temperature difference of the fluid between the inlet and the outlet is achieved with the heat exchanger according to the invention can be, whereby the efficiency of the heat exchanger is improved.
  • a homogeneous temperature distribution results in the flow direction of the particular laminar flow.
  • the laminar flow is directed the same direction along the flow direction substantially over the entire cross section, so that an equal heat transfer occurs along the flow direction.
  • the flow cross section in the inflow region can be larger than the flow cross section in the outflow region, so that a change in the flow velocity can be realized from the inlet to the outlet, for example in order to achieve a particularly high efficiency
  • the flow cross section which is determined by the distance between the upper plate and the lower plate, is made larger than in the region of the line bottom.
  • the inflow region and / or the outflow region can thereby perform a storage function and temporarily store a portion of the fluid in the inflow region and / or in the outflow region.
  • the distance of the cable tray to the upper plate is in particular> 1.5 mm to
  • ⁇ 6.0 mm preferably> 2.0 mm to ⁇ 4.0 mm and particularly preferably> 2.5 mm to
  • the average flow velocity of the fluid, in particular water, in the region of the conduit bottom is in particular> 0.001 m / s to ⁇ 0.02 m s,
  • the upper sheet and the lower sheet each have an at least partially circumferential projection or flange, so that the upper sheet and the lower sheet can be connected to each other via the approach / flange.
  • the adhesive layer is applied in the region of the circumferential approach.
  • the individual connections between the upper plate and the lower plate can be made in a form-fitting manner, for example by clipping. For this purpose, for example, an undercut
  • Rib are used in a movement in the opening region tapered recess in particular movement, wherein the rib and / or the recess can be made by forming, in particular deep drawing. Furthermore, it is possible to connect the upper sheet metal to the lower sheet metal by clinching (clinching), whereby a clinching point produced by the clinching is provided, in particular in the region of thickening of the bead.
  • the heat exchanger is in operation in the region of a circulating
  • the carrier may in particular be part of a housing for a solar collector.
  • the heat exchanger has a fastening device in which a retaining groove is provided. In the retaining groove, the circumferential approach can be used, so that the heat exchanger safely in the
  • the fastening device is held. An at least partial destruction of the surface of the sheets used for the heat exchanger, for example by punching To provide through holes for mounting screws is thereby avoided.
  • the fastening device can, in particular, surround the heat exchanger in the form of a frame in the region of the peripheral projection and insulate it from the building.
  • the fastening device has an upper side, which is aligned with the upper plate. Characterized in that the top of the fastening device with the
  • the heat exchanger can be mounted on a roof of a building without significantly affecting the appearance of the building.
  • the fastening device allows at the same time an insulated mounting of the heat exchanger on the building.
  • the heat exchanger is mounted with the fastening device at a height that results in a gap between the bottom plate and the ground, which is large enough with the inlet and / or connected to the outlet supply pipes
  • a viewing area in the lower plate and / or in the upper plate which is preferably made substantially transparent.
  • a viewing area in the lower plate and / or in the upper plate which is preferably made substantially transparent.
  • Sub-plate be provided, preferably both the top sheet and the
  • the recesses may be closed by a suitable material, for example acrylic glass and / or quartz glass.
  • a viewing window can be formed, so that the heat exchanger in the area a building window can be arranged without significantly affecting the view from the building out. It is also possible in the field of vision
  • Photovoltaic element for generating electrical energy from sunlight such as a solar cell to provide. This allows the heat exchanger to provide both heat and electrical energy without producing C0 2 .
  • the material provided in the viewing area can in particular be provided with a selective coating in order to absorb as much sunlight as possible and / or to allow the solar cell to come to it.
  • the selective coating may in particular comprise the absorption layer described above or from the above-described
  • the invention further relates to a solar thermal segment, with which a fluid, for example water or an emulsion, can be heated with the aid of solar radiation.
  • the solar thermal segment has a fastening device with a plurality of fastening rails, for example, comparable to a glass facade.
  • Fastening device surround a heat exchanger for heat recovery from solar thermal essentially frame-shaped.
  • the heat exchanger may be formed and developed as described above.
  • a plurality of solar thermal segments each having a heat exchanger can be arranged, preferably side by side, in such a way that they produce a larger area, which is used for heating the fluid.
  • several Solrathermiesegmente can be connected in series to achieve a particularly large increase in temperature of the fluid to be passed.
  • a plurality of solar thermal segments or accumulations of series-connected solar thermal segments can be connected in parallel to increase the mass flow of the heated fluid.
  • the invention further relates to a solar thermal system in which a fluid is heated by means of solar radiation.
  • This solar thermal system has several solar thermal segments, which can be trained and educated as described above.
  • the individual Solarthermiesegemente are connected to each other at least in a sub-area via the same mounting rail. That is to say the fastening rail of a fastening device of a first solar thermal segment is at the same time part of a fastening device of a second solar thermal segment. This makes it possible to reduce the space required to accommodate the individual heat exchanger, so that a lot of space for the heat exchanger and very little area for the
  • the invention further relates to a building which has a plurality of solar thermal elements and / or a solar thermal system, which can each be designed and developed as described above. Due to the stable construction, the plurality of solar thermal segments and / or the solar thermal system at least partially form a roof and / or a wall of the building.
  • the Solarthermiesegemnete or the solar thermal system are therefore not only placed, for example, on roof tiles of the roof, but replace the otherwise required roof construction, especially tile roofing.
  • Roof substructure which are partially the supporting structure for the solar thermal segments, are placed and connected to this.
  • the invention further relates to a production plant for carrying out the method, which may be formed and further developed as described above, in particular for the production of the heat exchanger, which may be as described above and further educated, with a handling device for positioning an upper sheet and / or a Underplate, wherein the upper plate and / or the lower plate is provided with an absorption layer for absorbing radiation, and an irradiation device for irradiating at least a portion of the absorption layer with a radiation absorbable by the absorption layer for curing a thermosettable adhesive layer between the upper plate and the Lower sheet to a strength at least equal to a handling strength.
  • a production plant for carrying out the method, which may be formed and further developed as described above, in particular for the production of the heat exchanger, which may be as described above and further educated, with a handling device for positioning an upper sheet and / or a Underplate, wherein the upper plate and / or the lower plate is provided with an absorption layer for absorbing radiation, and an irradiation device
  • the upper sheet and / or the lower sheet can in particular be positioned on a mounting station with the aid of the handling device.
  • Sub-plate by hand and / or be provided with an adhesive device with an adhesive layer before the same or another handling device touches the other sheet on the adhesive layer.
  • an adhesive device with an adhesive layer before the same or another handling device touches the other sheet on the adhesive layer.
  • the assembly station is located in particular in the vertical direction to the irradiation device.
  • Irradiation device be positioned below the heat exchanger.
  • the stamp and / or the counter punch can form a radiation protection, so that the radiation emitted by the irradiation device essentially hits only the heat exchanger and the stamp and / or the counter punch.
  • the irradiation device may comprise a radiation source or a plurality of radiation sources.
  • an evacuation device in particular a vacuum pump, can be connected to the heat exchanger.
  • Heat exchanger provided to substantially completely cure the adhesive layer of the heat exchange can.
  • the at least partially bonded heat exchanger can be moved from the assembly site to the furnace.
  • the oven has, in particular, a conveyor belt onto which the heat exchanger can be deposited.
  • the heat exchanger can be turned by the handling device, so that the heat exchanger rests with a flat side on the conveyor belt.
  • the outlet and the inlet are opposite to the direction of gravity when the heat exchanger is deposited on the conveyor belt.
  • the conveyor belt can move the heat exchanger through the oven at a defined conveying speed so that the heat exchanger is exposed to heating for a defined period of time.
  • the furnace can heat the heat exchanger thermally and / or by radiation, in particular comparable to the irradiation device.
  • the heat exchanger by means of a
  • Removal device removed from the oven and stored for example on a conveyor belt.
  • the heat exchanger may cool after heating and be transported during or after cooling, for example, to a removal station to be stored and / or packaged, for example.
  • the invention further relates to the use of an absorption layer of a
  • Heat exchanger which may be in particular as described above and further developed, for the purpose of curing a thermosettable adhesive layer, preferably by means of irradiating at least a portion of the absorption layer with one of the
  • Absorption layer absorbable radiation.
  • the absorption layer is not only for
  • Absorption of radiation in particular sunlight, and / or for retaining heat and / or cold of a body through which fluid flows, but also for producing, in particular at least partial curing, an adhesive bond used.
  • the properties of the absorption layer are used not only after production, but also during the production of the heat exchanger. This is a simple production of the
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a heat exchanger in a first sectional plane
  • 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 2 in a second sectional plane
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a heat exchanger in a first sectional plane
  • 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 2 in a second sectional plane
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a heat exchanger in a first sectional plane
  • 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 2 in a second sectional plane
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 during an irradiation
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic detail view of an edge region of the heat exchanger from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic detail view of an alternative edge region of the heat exchanger from FIG. 1, FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of a lower plate for the heat exchanger from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic perspective detail view of the lower plate from FIG. 6 and
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of a lower plate for the heat exchanger from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic basic illustration of a production plant for producing the heat exchanger from FIG. 1.
  • the heat exchanger 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a lower plate 12 and a top plate 14. At least the upper plate 14 is provided on its side facing away from the lower plate 12 side with an absorption layer 16, with the aid of sunlight, especially in the green, blue, violet and UV range can be absorbed.
  • an absorption layer 16 with the aid of sunlight, especially in the green, blue, violet and UV range can be absorbed.
  • the upper plate 14 is designed as a simple flat rectangular plate without recesses or openings.
  • the lower plate 12 and the upper plate 14 each have a circumferential flange 18, where the lower plate 12 is glued to the upper plate 14 via an adhesive layer 20.
  • the adhesive layer 20 is guided substantially along the entire flange 18 and thereby forms a circumferentially closed adhesive ring 22 off.
  • the bottom plate 12 forms a one-piece inlet 24 made by deep drawing, which is formed into a deep-drawn
  • Inlet basin 26 opens.
  • the lower plate 12 also has, within the adhesive ring 22, a one-piece outlet 28 made by deep drawing, which opens into a discharge basin 30 made by deep-drawing.
  • the inlet 26 and the inlet basin 26 are connected to the outlet basin 30 and the outlet 28 via a flow channel 32.
  • a fluid, in particular water, can flow from the inlet 24 along a flow direction 34 to the outlet 28 and that provided via the absorption layer 16
  • corrugations 36 formed by the lower plate 12, in particular by deep drawing can be seen, by which a plurality of flow channels 32 are bounded laterally to the flow direction 34 .
  • the adhesive layer 20 is provided in addition to the adhesive ring 22 in order to provide a particularly stable and bending-resistant connection of the upper plate 14 with the lower plate 12, which can withstand even an occurring internal pressure without significant deformation.
  • the beads 36 extend to the same level of the flange 18 of the bottom plate 12, so that the adhesive layer 20 is arranged in a common plane.
  • Flange 18 presses the heat exchanger 10 against a corresponding frame-shaped counter punch 40, are held.
  • the absorption layer 16 can be irradiated with a radiation 44, which differs from the
  • Absorption layer 16 is preferably absorbed.
  • the upper plate 14 can heat and heat the adhesive layer 20 via heat conduction.
  • the adhesive layer has an adhesive that cures by heat, so that by irradiating the heat exchanger 10 already a handling strength of the adhesive bond between the upper plate 14 and the lower plate 12 can be achieved.
  • the absorption layer 16 is of the
  • Irradiation device 42 irradiated exclusively within the punch 38, so that the punch 38 can simultaneously act as radiation protection and can not escape radiation 44.
  • the punch 38 is circumferentially inside with an elevated
  • the punch 38 may be internally provided with increased absorbency so that the plunger 38 may be heated by the radiation 44 and by heat conduction may heat the captured flange 18 to assist in curing the adhesive ring 22.
  • the interior of the heat exchanger 10 can be at least partially evacuated via the inlet 24 and / or the outlet 28 in order to apply a negative pressure in the flow channel 32. This supports the bonding and allows a simultaneous leak test of the adhesive ring 22.
  • Parallelism tolerances can be compensated automatically by the adhesive layer 20. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 20 can be widened by the applied force, so that an enlarged adhesive surface between the adhesive layer 20 and the lower plate 12 and / or the upper plate 14 results, which leads to an increased strength of the adhesive bond.
  • Upper sheet 14 results.
  • the lower plate 12 is flanged so that the lower plate 12 forms a pocket 46 into which the flange 18 of the upper plate 14 protrudes.
  • a narrow side surface 48 of the upper sheet 14 within the pocket 46 is covered by the adhesive layer 20.
  • the adhesive layer 20 additionally acts as corrosion protection for the side surface 48 of the upper sheet 14. Furthermore, by gluing some adhesive can be pushed out of the pocket 46, so that even a narrow side surface 50 of the lower sheet 12 can be covered by the adhesive layer 20.
  • the beads 36 may have thickenings 52 through which the respective bead 36 can better withstand shear forces during operation of the heat exchanger 10. Further, the lower plate 12 can be connected via the thickening 52 with the upper plate 14 by clinching. Additionally or alternatively, the bead 36 laterally projecting lugs 54 to connect the lower plate 12 with the upper plate 12 mechanically, for example by clinching, clipping and / or clamps.
  • the production plant 56 shown in FIG. 8 has a first hanging device 58, by means of which the lower plate 12 can be moved by a first stack 60 and the upper plate 14 can be moved by a second stack 62 to an assembly station 64, where the lower plate 12 is moved by means of the irradiation device 42 with the top plate 14 to the
  • Handling strength can be bonded to the heat exchanger 10.
  • the interior of the heat exchanger 10 can be exposed to a vacuum at the same time by means of an evacuation device 66, in particular a vacuum pump. After reaching the evacuation device 66, in particular a vacuum pump. After reaching the evacuation device 66, in particular a vacuum pump.
  • the heat exchanger 10 can be supplied from a second handling device 68 to a furnace 70, where the heat exchanger 10 is heated by thermal heat and / or radiation until the thermosetting adhesive of the adhesive layer 20 is cured to reach a defined minimum strength.
  • the heat exchanger 10 can be conveyed through the furnace 70 by means of a conveyor belt at a defined conveying speed.
  • the cured heat exchanger 10 can be stored for example on a conveyor belt 74, which can transport the heat exchanger 10 to a removal station, where the heat exchanger, for example, cool, stored and / or packaged.
  • the lower plate 12 and the upper plate 14 exclusively by gluing, in particular exclusively by applying a thermosetting adhesive layer 20 on the lower plate 12 and / or the upper plate 14, are connected, whereby a complex, additional positive and / or cohesive bonding for fixing the Sheets up to

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur (10), en particulier d'un absorbeur solaire pour la thermie solaire. Ledit procédé comprend les étapes consistant : à préparer une tôle inférieure (12) et à préparer une tôle supérieure (14), la tôle supérieure (14) et/ou la tôle inférieure (12) étant munies d'une couche absorbante (16) assurant l'absorption du rayonnement (44); à appliquer une couche adhésive thermodurcissable (20) sur la tôle inférieure (12) et/ou sur la tôle supérieure (14), en particulier par pulvérisation et/ou application en cordon; à placer la tôle supérieure (14) et/ou la tôle inférieure (12) sur la couche adhésive (20), la couche adhésive (20) formant au moins un anneau adhésif (22) fermé périphérique et un canal d'écoulement s'étendant d'une entrée (24) vers une sortie (25) étant formé à l'intérieur de l'anneau adhésif (22) au moyen de la tôle inférieure (12) et de la tôle supérieure (14); et à exposer à un rayonnement (44) absorbable par la couche absorbante (16) au moins une partie de la couche absorbante (16) jusqu'à ce que la tôle supérieure (14) soit assemblée à la couche inférieure (12) au moyen de la couche adhésive (20) avec une résistance au moins égale à une résistance au maniement. Le procédé selon l'invention permet une fabrication simple d'un échangeur de chaleur (10).
PCT/EP2012/060923 2011-06-09 2012-06-08 Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur, échangeur de chaleur, et installation de fabrication Ceased WO2012168445A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102011050993.3 2011-06-09
DE102011050993A DE102011050993A1 (de) 2011-06-09 2011-06-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers, Wärmetauscher sowie Herstellanlage

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Cited By (1)

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CN118405366A (zh) * 2024-07-01 2024-07-30 中节能(山东)太阳能科技有限公司 一种光伏太阳能板运输用防护储板箱

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2420114A1 (fr) * 1978-03-15 1979-10-12 Vironneau Pierre Procede d'assemblage des elements constitutifs des echangeurs d'energie
FR2426219A1 (fr) * 1978-05-18 1979-12-14 Saint Gobain Absorbeur, a plaques ondulees collees, pour capteur solaire
DE3000783A1 (de) 1980-01-10 1981-07-16 Horst 8031 Puchheim Limbacher Vakuum-solarkollektor und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPS56100266A (en) * 1980-01-10 1981-08-12 Kurinatsupu Kk Solar energy collector plate and manufacture thereof
DE19546100A1 (de) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-12 Solar Diamant Systemtechnik Un Absorber, insbesondere für einen Sonnenkollektor
US20090064992A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Francois Lalive Absorber for a solar heating panel
DE102008064010A1 (de) * 2008-12-19 2010-07-01 Wirgastkeller Gastronomie Gmbh Fassadenelement mit plattenförmigem Thermosolarkollektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung und Anwendung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10306930B3 (de) * 2003-02-19 2004-10-14 Flamm Ag Absorber für einen thermischen Kollektor einer Solaranlage sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102007013919A1 (de) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Werner Fischer Wärmetauscher für Solarthermie

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2420114A1 (fr) * 1978-03-15 1979-10-12 Vironneau Pierre Procede d'assemblage des elements constitutifs des echangeurs d'energie
FR2426219A1 (fr) * 1978-05-18 1979-12-14 Saint Gobain Absorbeur, a plaques ondulees collees, pour capteur solaire
DE3000783A1 (de) 1980-01-10 1981-07-16 Horst 8031 Puchheim Limbacher Vakuum-solarkollektor und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPS56100266A (en) * 1980-01-10 1981-08-12 Kurinatsupu Kk Solar energy collector plate and manufacture thereof
DE19546100A1 (de) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-12 Solar Diamant Systemtechnik Un Absorber, insbesondere für einen Sonnenkollektor
US20090064992A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Francois Lalive Absorber for a solar heating panel
DE102008064010A1 (de) * 2008-12-19 2010-07-01 Wirgastkeller Gastronomie Gmbh Fassadenelement mit plattenförmigem Thermosolarkollektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung und Anwendung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118405366A (zh) * 2024-07-01 2024-07-30 中节能(山东)太阳能科技有限公司 一种光伏太阳能板运输用防护储板箱

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