WO2013016436A1 - Charge et décharge de compresseurs dans un système de refroidissement - Google Patents

Charge et décharge de compresseurs dans un système de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013016436A1
WO2013016436A1 PCT/US2012/048159 US2012048159W WO2013016436A1 WO 2013016436 A1 WO2013016436 A1 WO 2013016436A1 US 2012048159 W US2012048159 W US 2012048159W WO 2013016436 A1 WO2013016436 A1 WO 2013016436A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compressor
temperature
turned
cooling system
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2012/048159
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dennis R. Dorman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trane International Inc
Original Assignee
Trane International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trane International Inc filed Critical Trane International Inc
Priority to CN201280045163.0A priority Critical patent/CN103827605A/zh
Publication of WO2013016436A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013016436A1/fr
Priority to GBGB1401359.3A priority patent/GB201401359D0/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/22—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves between evaporator and compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/27—Problems to be solved characterised by the stop of the refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/01—Timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2519—On-off valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cycling of compressors, specifically rapid cycling of scroll compressors.
  • Compressors are integral parts of cooling systems (e.g., air conditioners, refrigerators, etc.). Compressors compress refrigerant which later expands and draws heat out of the environment. The amount the refrigerant is compressed is directly related to the amount of heat the evaporating refrigerant can remove from the environment.
  • the compressors are turned on or off (loaded/unloaded) to control the pressure of the refrigerant and the cooling capacity of the system. The turning on and off of a compressor causes wear and tear on the compressor that can lead to higher maintenance costs and reduce the life of the compressor. The wear and tear is increased when the compressor is cycled on and off too rapidly.
  • compressors are controlled to have minimum-cycle-times (e.g., a minimum of three minutes on and a minimum of three minutes off) to reduce the wear and tear on the compressor.
  • minimum-cycle-times e.g., a minimum of three minutes on and a minimum of three minutes off
  • These-cycle-times reduce the ability to tightly control the cooling effects of the system (e.g., resulting in excessively wide temperature swings), and reduce the efficiency of the system (e.g. resulting in increased energy usage).
  • the invention provides a method of loading and unloading a compressor in a cooling system.
  • the method includes detecting a temperature, determining a compressor should be turned on to supply cooling based on the temperature, determining a point in time when the impact of turning on a motor of the compressor is minimized using point-on-wave analysis, and turning on the compressor at about the determined point in time.
  • the invention provides a method of loading and unloading a compressor in a cooling system.
  • the method includes detecting a temperature, determining a compressor should be turned on to supply cooling based on the temperature, turning on the compressor, and opening a plurality of valves when the compressor is turned on.
  • the invention provides a cooling system.
  • the cooling system includes a compressor; a temperature sensor, a compressor intake valve, a compressor output valve, and a controller.
  • the temperature sensor is configured to provide an indication of a temperature.
  • the compressor intake valve is coupled to an input of the compressor.
  • the compressor output valve is coupled to an output of the compressor.
  • the controller is coupled to the compressor, the temperature sensor, the compressor intake valve, and the compressor output valve.
  • the controller is also configured to receive the indication of the temperature from the temperature sensor, determine that the compressor should be turned off to stop providing cooling based on the indication of temperature received from the temperature sensor, turn off the compressor, close the compressor intake valve, and close the compressor output valve, wherein closing the compressor intake valve and the compressor output valve maintains a pressure of refrigerant across the compressor while the compressor is off.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a single compressor cooling system.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a multiple compressor cooling system.
  • Fig. 3A is a graph showing the operation of a prior-art cooling system.
  • Fig. 3B is a graph showing the operation of a cooling system employing the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a cooling system 100 (e.g., a residential air- conditioner).
  • the system 100 includes a compressor 105, a condenser 1 10, a controller 1 15, an expansion valve 120, an evaporator 125, a temperature sensor 130, a first valve 135 (a compressor intake valve), a second valve 140 (a compressor output valve), and a third valve 145 (an evaporator valve).
  • the controller 1 15 receives an indication of a temperature from the temperature sensor 130.
  • the temperature can be an air temperature (e.g., a direct cooling system) or a temperature of a coolant (e.g., chiller water or a refrigerant).
  • a coolant e.g., chiller water or a refrigerant
  • the controller 1 15 determines if cooling is needed, turning on the compressor 105 when cooling is needed, and turning off the compressor 105 when cooling is not needed. In some embodiments, the controller 1 15 anticipates the need for cooling, turning the compressor 105 on prior to the temperature reaching a turn-on set-point, and turning off the compressor 105 prior to reaching a turn-off set-point. In some constructions, the controller uses a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control scheme to operate the compressor 105.
  • PID proportional-integral-derivative
  • controller 1 15 also controls the compressor 105 using a scheme designed to reduce wear and tear on the compressor 105.
  • the compressor 105 compresses a refrigerant in the cooling system 100 to provide cooling capacity for the system 100.
  • the refrigerant flows through piping to the condenser 1 10 which condenses the refrigerant into a liquid.
  • the refrigerant continues on to the expansion valve 120.
  • the expansion value 120 causes the refrigerant to expand and transform into a gas. This process occurs as the refrigerant passes through the evaporator 125. As this happens, the refrigerant, in the evaporator 125, removes heat from the air surrounding the evaporator 125, resulting in the air (or water) being cooled.
  • the refrigerant then continues on back to the compressor 105.
  • the controller 1 15 In addition to turning the compressor 105 on and off, the controller 1 15 also opens (when turning on the compressor 105) and closes (when turning off the compressor 105) the first, second, and third valves 135, 140, and 145. As the pressure of the refrigerant varies significantly throughout the cooling system 100, closing the valves 135, 140, and 145 traps the pressure of the refrigerant in zones or sections of the system 100. This enables the refrigerant exiting the compressor 105 to achieve its full pressure nearly immediately upon the compressor 105 being turned on, improving the performance of the system 100.
  • valves 135, 140, and 145 Other schemes are contemplated as well, including sequencing of the opening and closing of the valves 135, 140, and 145, and timing the opening and closing of the valves 135, 140, and 145 such that they open or close before or after the compressor 105 is turned on/off.
  • the temperature sensor 130 is a thermostat.
  • the thermostat 130 provides a signal to the controller 1 15 (e.g., a motor controller) indicating whether the controller 1 15 should turn on the compressor 105 or turn off the compressor 105 based on a temperature set-point, and a dead-band.
  • the thermostat 130 may or may not have intelligence enabling the thermostat 130 to anticipate the thermal inertia of the area to be cooled.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary large-scale cooling system 200 (e.g., for cooling a commercial building, for cooling a plurality of refrigerated display cases, etc.).
  • the cooling system 200 includes at least one compressor 205, a condenser 210, a receiver 215 (optional), a controller 220, a suction header 230, a plurality of expansion valves 235, a plurality of evaporators 240, a plurality of intake valves 245, and a plurality of output valves 250.
  • a single intake valve 245 is used prior to the suction header 230 and/or a single output valve 250 is used after common piping for the compressors 205.
  • the system 200 includes an evaporator valve 255 between the receiver 215 and the expansion valves 235.
  • multiple evaporator valves 255 are used, e.g., an evaporator valve 255 positioned before each expansion valve 235.
  • One or more temperature sensors may be used to detect the temperature of an area or a coolant cooled by the evaporators 240.
  • the controller 220 receives an indication of the temperature from the sensor, and controls the compressors 205 based on the temperature as described above with respect to cooling system 100.
  • the compressor 205 compresses a refrigerant in the cooling system 200 to provide cooling capacity for the system.
  • the compressors 205 can turn on and off at the same or different times to meet the demand required by the system.
  • all of the compressors 205 are of one or more fixed capacities, and the controller 220 stages or loads the compressors 205 into the system as necessary, for example as described in United States Patent No. 5, 123,256, filed May 7, 1991 , and entitled "Method of Compressor Staging for a Multi- Compressor Refrigeration System," the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the intake valve 245 and the output valve 250 associated with the compressor 205 are closed, maintaining high-side and low-side pressures within the evaporator 1 10 and condenser 125.
  • the intake valve 245 and the output valve 250 associated with the compressor 205 are opened, and the compressor 205 gets to operating pressure nearly immediately. If all of the compressors 205 in the system 200 are turned off, the evaporator valve 255 is also closed.
  • the controller 220 controls the compressors 105/205 using a scheme designed to reduce wear and tear on the compressors 205.
  • POW switching determines when to power (i.e., switch on) a winding (i.e., a phase) of a motor based on the relationship between the wave of the phase of AC power to be supplied with the wave(s) of the phase(s) of AC power presently supplied to the other winding(s) of the motor.
  • the invention monitors each phase of AC voltage supplied to the windings of the motor(s) of the compressor(s) through precision DC contactors (although AC contactors could be used instead), switching a contactor and powering a phase only when the relationship between the phases will result in the least amount of stress on the compressor motor.
  • Fig. 3A shows a graph of temperature TEMP versus a set point, and a related on/off indication 400 of a compressor of a prior art system.
  • the controller turns the compressor on if a minimum off-cycle-time has been met.
  • the controller turns the compressor off if a minimum on-cycle-time has been met.
  • the temperature is changing faster than the-cycle-times.
  • AD-i there is a delay of AD-i between when the temperature TEMP rises above the set point, and when the controller turns the compressor on.
  • AD 2 occurs when the temperature TEMP drops below the deadband before the controller turns the compressor off.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant de charger et décharger un compresseur dans un système de refroidissement. Le procédé consiste à détecter une température, à déterminer si un compresseur doit être allumé/éteint pour assurer/arrêter le refroidissement sur la base de ladite température, à allumer/éteindre le compresseur, puis à ouvrir/fermer plusieurs vannes lorsque le compresseur est allumé/éteint.
PCT/US2012/048159 2011-07-27 2012-07-25 Charge et décharge de compresseurs dans un système de refroidissement Ceased WO2013016436A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201280045163.0A CN103827605A (zh) 2011-07-27 2012-07-25 压缩机在冷却系统中的加载和卸载
GBGB1401359.3A GB201401359D0 (en) 2011-07-27 2014-01-27 Loading and unloading of compressors in a cooling system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/191,639 US20130025304A1 (en) 2011-07-27 2011-07-27 Loading and unloading of compressors in a cooling system
US13/191,639 2011-07-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013016436A1 true WO2013016436A1 (fr) 2013-01-31

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US (1) US20130025304A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103827605A (fr)
GB (1) GB201401359D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013016436A1 (fr)

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US10371426B2 (en) 2014-04-01 2019-08-06 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. System and method of controlling a variable-capacity compressor
US10247460B2 (en) * 2014-05-15 2019-04-02 Lennox Industries Inc. Accommodating CSSH for tandem compressor transitions
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DE102014111946A1 (de) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 Bitzer Kühlmaschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage
US9806642B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-10-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Modular multiple single-pole electromagnetic switching system and method
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US10074497B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2018-09-11 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Operator coil parameter based electromagnetic switching
US9806641B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2017-10-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Detection of electric motor short circuits
US10361051B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2019-07-23 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Single pole, single current path switching system and method
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US11112156B2 (en) * 2016-10-31 2021-09-07 Hefei Hualing Co., Ltd. Refrigeration apparatus
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CN111263878A (zh) 2017-07-23 2020-06-09 祖达科尔有限公司 用于热交换的系统和方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20130025304A1 (en) 2013-01-31
GB201401359D0 (en) 2014-03-12
CN103827605A (zh) 2014-05-28

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