WO2013092183A3 - Energiespeichereinrichtung, system mit energiespeichereinrichtung und verfahren zum ansteuern einer energiespeichereinrichtung - Google Patents

Energiespeichereinrichtung, system mit energiespeichereinrichtung und verfahren zum ansteuern einer energiespeichereinrichtung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013092183A3
WO2013092183A3 PCT/EP2012/074232 EP2012074232W WO2013092183A3 WO 2013092183 A3 WO2013092183 A3 WO 2013092183A3 EP 2012074232 W EP2012074232 W EP 2012074232W WO 2013092183 A3 WO2013092183 A3 WO 2013092183A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
storage device
energy
storage cell
energy supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/074232
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013092183A2 (de
Inventor
Erik Weissenborn
Martin Kessler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to US14/367,272 priority Critical patent/US9634601B2/en
Priority to EP12812540.8A priority patent/EP2795784B1/de
Priority to CN201280063273.XA priority patent/CN103999345B/zh
Publication of WO2013092183A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013092183A2/de
Publication of WO2013092183A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013092183A3/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/19Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/575Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P4/00Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric motors that can be connected to two or more different electric power supplies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/56Active balancing, e.g. using capacitor-based, inductor-based or DC-DC converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Energiespeichereinrichtung (1) zum Erzeugen einer n-phasigen Versorgungsspannung, wobei n ≥ 1, mit n parallel geschalteten Energieversorgungszweigen, welche jeweils mit einem Ausgangsanschluss (1a, 1b, 1c) der Energiespeichereinrichtung (1) gekoppelt sind, wobei jeder der Energieversorgungszweige eine Vielzahl von in Serie geschalteten Energiespeichermodulen (3) aufweist. Die Energieversorgungszweige umfassen dabei jeweils ein Energiespeicherzellenmodul (5), welches mindestens eine Energiespeicherzelle (5a, 5n) aufweist, und eine Koppeleinrichtung (7) mit ersten Koppelelementen (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), welche dazu ausgelegt sind, das Energiespeicherzellenmodul (5) selektiv in den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig zu schalten oder zu überbrücken. Dabei weist mindestens einer der Energieversorgungszweige mindestens ein zweites Koppelelement (8) auf, welches jeweils zwischen Ausgangsanschlüsse von in dem mindestens einen Energieversorgungszweig benachbarten Energiespeicherzellenmodulen (5) gekoppelt ist, und welches dazu ausgelegt ist, die gekoppelten Energiespeicherzellenmodule (5) parallel zueinander in den jeweiligen Energieversorgungszweig zu schalten.
PCT/EP2012/074232 2011-12-22 2012-12-03 Energiespeichereinrichtung, system mit energiespeichereinrichtung und verfahren zum ansteuern einer energiespeichereinrichtung Ceased WO2013092183A2 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/367,272 US9634601B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-12-03 Energy storage device, system comprising an energy storage device, and method for actuating an energy storage device
EP12812540.8A EP2795784B1 (de) 2011-12-22 2012-12-03 Energiespeichereinrichtung, system mit energiespeichereinrichtung und verfahren zum ansteuern einer energiespeichereinrichtung
CN201280063273.XA CN103999345B (zh) 2011-12-22 2012-12-03 能量存储装置、具有能量存储装置的系统和用于操控能量存储装置的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011089648A DE102011089648A1 (de) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Energiespeichereinrichtung, System mit Energiespeichereinrichtung und Verfahren zum Ansteuern einer Energiespeichereinrichtung
DE102011089648.1 2011-12-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013092183A2 WO2013092183A2 (de) 2013-06-27
WO2013092183A3 true WO2013092183A3 (de) 2014-05-15

Family

ID=47520896

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/074232 Ceased WO2013092183A2 (de) 2011-12-22 2012-12-03 Energiespeichereinrichtung, system mit energiespeichereinrichtung und verfahren zum ansteuern einer energiespeichereinrichtung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9634601B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2795784B1 (de)
CN (1) CN103999345B (de)
DE (1) DE102011089648A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2013092183A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104078992B (zh) * 2013-03-31 2018-05-04 张良华 一种储能电压平衡电力电子电能变换系统及其控制方法
DE102014207485A1 (de) 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Batteriemanagement und Batteriemanagementsystem
DE102014110410A1 (de) * 2014-07-23 2016-01-28 Universität der Bundeswehr München Modulares Energiespeicher-Direktumrichtersystem
DE102015106196B3 (de) 2015-04-02 2016-06-23 Rainer Marquardt Verlustarmer modularer Multilevelkonverter
GB2541352B (en) * 2015-04-30 2022-02-16 Porsche Ag Apparatus and method for an electric power supply
GB2556914A (en) 2016-11-25 2018-06-13 Dyson Technology Ltd Battery system
DE102017206834A1 (de) 2017-04-24 2018-10-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung und Ladeverfahren für ein elektrisches Energiespeichersystem
EP3639358A4 (de) 2017-06-12 2021-02-17 TAE Technologies, Inc. Multipegel-multiquadranten-hysterese-stromsteuerungen und verfahren zu ihrer steuerung
EA202090065A1 (ru) 2017-06-16 2020-04-17 Таэ Текнолоджиз, Инк. Многоуровневые контроллеры напряжения гистерезиса для модуляторов напряжения и способы для их управления
JP6930306B2 (ja) * 2017-09-05 2021-09-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電動車両
US11038364B2 (en) 2018-01-10 2021-06-15 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Parallel charging and discharging of batteries with disparate characteristics
US10778013B2 (en) * 2018-01-10 2020-09-15 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Distributed battery architecture
AU2019239085A1 (en) 2018-03-22 2020-10-08 Tae Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for power management and control
CN110641316B (zh) * 2018-06-27 2023-04-28 法法汽车(中国)有限公司 动力电池充电控制电路及充电控制方法、电动汽车
JP7054453B2 (ja) * 2018-11-29 2022-04-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電源システム
PE20212032A1 (es) 2019-03-29 2021-10-20 Tae Tech Inc Sistemas de energia basados en modulos que pueden presentar configuraciones en cascada e interconectadas y metodos relacionados con los mismos
WO2020224951A1 (en) * 2019-05-06 2020-11-12 Universität der Bundeswehr München A system and method for supplying ac driving voltages to a plurality of electric motors by using a modular energy storage direct converter system
CN113892223A (zh) 2019-05-30 2022-01-04 阿尔法能源技术公司 能量存储系统模块化水平上的高级电池充电
US11101680B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2021-08-24 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Parallel battery charge management
EP3817178B1 (de) * 2019-10-31 2026-04-22 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Anordnung zum einspeisen elektrischer leistung in ein wechselspannungsnetz
US11897347B2 (en) 2020-04-14 2024-02-13 Tae Technologies, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for charging and discharging module-based cascaded energy systems
CA3178859A1 (en) 2020-04-14 2021-10-21 Tae Technologies, Inc. Modular cascaded energy systems with a cooling apparatus and with replaceable energy source capability
EP4149791A4 (de) 2020-05-14 2024-05-29 TAE Technologies, Inc. Systeme, vorrichtungen und verfahren für schienenbasierte und andere elektrofahrzeuge mit modularen kaskadierten energiesystemen
US20240359595A1 (en) * 2020-08-24 2024-10-31 Tae Technologies, Inc. Modular Cascaded Energy Systems with a Cooling Apparatus and with Replaceable Energy Source Capability
EP4218114A4 (de) 2020-09-28 2024-11-20 TAE Technologies, Inc. Mehrphasige modulbasierte energiesystemrahmen und zugehörige verfahren
AU2021353868A1 (en) 2020-09-30 2023-05-18 Tae Technologies, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for intraphase and interphase balancing in module-based cascaded energy systems
RU203529U1 (ru) * 2020-10-26 2021-04-08 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Специальное Конструкторско-Технологическое Бюро "Системы Контроля и Телематики" Двухступенчатый контроллер заряда аккумуляторных батарей с расширенными функциональными возможностями
CA3207256A1 (en) 2021-01-13 2022-07-21 Tae Technologies, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for module-based cascaded energy systems
WO2023283260A1 (en) 2021-07-07 2023-01-12 Tae Technologies, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for module-based cascaded energy systems configured to interface with renewable energy sources

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5642275A (en) * 1995-09-14 1997-06-24 Lockheed Martin Energy System, Inc. Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with seperate DC sources
DE10103031A1 (de) * 2001-01-24 2002-07-25 Rainer Marquardt Stromrichterschaltungen mit verteilten Energiespeichern
DE102009034596A1 (de) * 2009-07-24 2011-02-03 Continental Automotive Gmbh Parallelschaltung von Energiespeichern mit schaltbarer Ausgleichszelle
US20110215760A1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2011-09-08 Johannes Petrus Maria Van Lammeren Balancing circuit for charge storage elements

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5670861A (en) 1995-01-17 1997-09-23 Norvik Tractions Inc. Battery energy monitoring circuits
JP2007509598A (ja) * 2003-10-21 2007-04-12 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 電圧変換器
CA2671819C (en) * 2006-12-08 2016-11-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Semiconductor protection elements for controlling short circuits at the dc end of voltage source converters
CN100521506C (zh) 2007-02-02 2009-07-29 清华大学 带储能单元的多电平变频驱动装置
DE102007018343A1 (de) * 2007-04-16 2008-10-30 Siemens Ag Aktivfilter mit einer Multilevel-Topologie
DE102010027861A1 (de) 2010-04-16 2011-10-20 Sb Limotive Company Ltd. Koppeleinheit und Batteriemodul mit integriertem Pulswechselrichter und im Betrieb austauschbaren Zellmodulen
CN102553074B (zh) * 2010-12-16 2015-11-25 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 一种双相波除颤电路及除颤仪
DE102011089297B4 (de) * 2011-12-20 2023-11-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energiespeichereinrichtung, System mit Energiespeichereinrichtung und Verfahren zum Ansteuern einer Energiespeichereinrichtung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5642275A (en) * 1995-09-14 1997-06-24 Lockheed Martin Energy System, Inc. Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with seperate DC sources
DE10103031A1 (de) * 2001-01-24 2002-07-25 Rainer Marquardt Stromrichterschaltungen mit verteilten Energiespeichern
DE102009034596A1 (de) * 2009-07-24 2011-02-03 Continental Automotive Gmbh Parallelschaltung von Energiespeichern mit schaltbarer Ausgleichszelle
US20110215760A1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2011-09-08 Johannes Petrus Maria Van Lammeren Balancing circuit for charge storage elements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2795784B1 (de) 2017-02-22
DE102011089648A1 (de) 2013-06-27
CN103999345A (zh) 2014-08-20
EP2795784A2 (de) 2014-10-29
US9634601B2 (en) 2017-04-25
US20150270801A1 (en) 2015-09-24
CN103999345B (zh) 2017-05-24
WO2013092183A2 (de) 2013-06-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2013092183A3 (de) Energiespeichereinrichtung, system mit energiespeichereinrichtung und verfahren zum ansteuern einer energiespeichereinrichtung
WO2013091951A3 (de) System und verfahren zum laden der energiespeicherzellen einer energiespeichereinrichtung
WO2014086624A3 (de) Verfahren zum bereitstellen einer versorgungsspannung und elektrisches antriebssystem
WO2014086696A3 (de) Photovoltaiksystem und verfahren zum betreiben eines photovoltaiksystems
WO2013060564A3 (en) Reconfigurable pv configuration
WO2012038188A3 (de) Energieversorgungsnetz und verfahren zum laden mindestens einer als energiespeicher für einen gleichspannungszwischenkreis dienenden energiespeicherzelle in einem energieversorgungsnetz
WO2010120843A3 (en) Battery systems and operational methods
WO2012159811A3 (de) Energiespeichereinrichtung und system mit energiespeichereinrichtung
GB201118851D0 (en) Photovoltaic power conditioning units
WO2012089395A3 (de) Steuerbarer energiespeicher und verfahren zum betreiben eines steuerbaren energiespeichers
WO2013043563A3 (en) System and method for maximizing power output of photovoltaic strings
WO2013143805A3 (de) Batteriesystem, kraftfahrzeug mit batteriesystem und verfahren zur inbetriebnahme eines batteriesystems
WO2013060603A3 (de) Batterie mit mehreren akkumulator-zellen und verfahren zum betreiben einer solchen
WO2012174145A3 (en) Energy systems and energy supply methods
WO2009023426A3 (en) Input and output power modules configured to provide selective power to an uninterruptible power supply
WO2010084069A3 (de) Serienschaltung von schaltreglern zur energieübertragung in batteriesystemen
WO2014057192A3 (fr) Structure pour la modulation de tension d'une batterie et son équilibrage actif
WO2013091938A3 (de) System und verfahren zum ansteuern einer energiespeichereinrichtung
WO2013007268A3 (en) Power generation system and method for operating a power generation system
EP2884575A3 (de) Batteriesystem und Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Batteriemoduls mit einem Batteriegestell
GB2514036A (en) Techniques for grid coupling photovoltaic cells using ratiometric voltage conversion
WO2014127871A3 (de) Interne energieversorgung von energiespeichermodulen für eine energiespeichereinrichtung und energiespeichereinrichtung mit solchem
WO2012170844A3 (en) Fuel cell bypass diode structures and attachment methods
MX2012002086A (es) Modulo de celdas conversoras, sistema conversor de fuente de voltaje que comprende tal modulo y un metodo para controlar tal sistema.
WO2012096998A3 (en) Photovoltaic modules and mounting systems

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12812540

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2012812540

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 14367272

Country of ref document: US