WO2013107632A1 - Cucurbitacees androiques, procedes d'obtention et utilisations de ces cucurbitacees - Google Patents
Cucurbitacees androiques, procedes d'obtention et utilisations de ces cucurbitacees Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013107632A1 WO2013107632A1 PCT/EP2013/000106 EP2013000106W WO2013107632A1 WO 2013107632 A1 WO2013107632 A1 WO 2013107632A1 EP 2013000106 W EP2013000106 W EP 2013000106W WO 2013107632 A1 WO2013107632 A1 WO 2013107632A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8287—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for fertility modification, e.g. apomixis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
- A01H1/045—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection using molecular markers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/34—Cucurbitaceae, e.g. bitter melon, cucumber or watermelon
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8216—Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8242—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
- C12N15/8243—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine
- C12N15/8249—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine involving ethylene biosynthesis, senescence or fruit development, e.g. modified tomato ripening, cut flower shelf-life
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8262—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield involving plant development
- C12N15/827—Flower development or morphology, e.g. flowering promoting factor [FPF]
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8287—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for fertility modification, e.g. apomixis
- C12N15/829—Female sterility
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y404/00—Carbon-sulfur lyases (4.4)
- C12Y404/01—Carbon-sulfur lyases (4.4.1)
- C12Y404/01014—1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (4.4.1.14)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of plant identification and in particular to the identification of the sexual type of plants. It relates to plants whose sexual type is modified, the use of such plants as well as methods for obtaining and detecting said plants.
- hybrid plants thanks to the phenomenon of heterosis, also called hybrid vigor, generally have a superiority for many characters, compared to the average of their two parents. This superiority can be illustrated for example by a better vigor, a better yield, a greater adaptation to the environment in which the hybrid is cultivated and a great uniformity of the hybrids with respect to their parents. This hybrid vigor is all the more important as parents are genetically distant.
- Plants with only female flowers are called gynoecious. Plants with only male flowers are called androids. Androecia is a highly desirable agronomic trait, especially in that only male flowers produce more pollen.
- plants with male flowers and female flowers separated but on the same foot are called monoecious
- plants with bisexual flowers are called hermaphrodites
- plants with bisexual flowers and males on the same foot are called andromonoecious.
- a first technique, implemented in particular for corn, is to use mechanical means to achieve emasculation of plants.
- this technique is extremely expensive since it requires the emasculation of each plant which we want to avoid self-pollination, for each cross made.
- Another technique is to achieve a chemical emasculation of plants, blocking the formation of viable pollen.
- melon Cucumis melo
- ethrel precursor of ethylene
- Such chemical agents used to cause transient male sterility, have several disadvantages, such as high cost or high toxicity.
- the cucurbitaceae family comprises more than 800 plant species in 120 genera in tropical and subtropical regions. This family of plants includes several species of major agronomic interest and are cultivated in temperate regions such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus), melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), zucchini and squash (Cucurbita). spp, cucurbita pepo) or pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata).
- loofah Loofah (Luffa acutangula), bitterleaf (Momordica charentia) and gourd (Lagenaria siceraria).
- Another way to obtain non-self-pollinating plants for the creation of hybrids could be to select exclusively female or exclusively male individuals, if they exist in the species of interest.
- a technique would prove extremely costly as it would require the cultivation of a very large number of plants, until it is possible to determine the sexual type.
- the selection of exclusively male individuals in particular is of interest in that it allows to produce only pollen and in large quantities.
- the pollen thus produced can be used for the pollination of plants with female flowers.
- some members of the family Cucurbitaceae such plants do not exist, as for example for some plants of the genera Cucumis, Cucurbita, Citrullus, Luffa, Lagenaria and Momordica.
- plants of melon Cucumis melo, in particular spmelo, sspmelo
- zucchini and pumpkin Cucurbita pepo
- watermelon Cicumlus lanatus
- loofah Limordica charentia
- gourd Lagenaria siceraria
- pumpkin Cucurbita maxima
- pumpkin Cucurbita moschata
- the inventors have identified and characterized for the first time the gene responsible for the androic sexual phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), a species for which androecia is found in the natural state.
- the identified gene codes for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase8 (ACS8), hereinafter referred to as Cucumis sativus ACS8, CsACS8.
- Cucurbits have been used as a model for the study of sexual dimorphism for decades.
- cucumber Cucumis sativus ..
- sexual determinism is genetically controlled by three loci, F (Female), A (Androecious) and M (Monoecious).
- the semi-dominant locus F (Female) controls the degree of ceremoniity.
- the F allele leads to the early appearance of the female phase and therefore the FF plants are gynoecious (totally female).
- the Androecious locus (a) increases the masculinity and the aaff genotype plants are androic (totally maies).
- the M (Monoecious) locus is required for selective abortion of male reproductive organs in flower buds determined to develop a carpel.
- the combination of M-ff alleles allows the development of monoecious plants, the most common sexual type in Cucurbitaceae, from male to female flowers.
- Gynoecious, hermaphrodite and andromonoecious plants have, respectively, the genotypes MF-, mmF- and M ff.
- ACC synthase, CsACS1 co-segregates with locus F (Trebitsh et al., 1997) and that monoecious plants have a single copy of this gene.
- locus A responsible for the transition from the sexual type monoecious to andromonoecious, has recently been revealed by the work of Boualem et al, 2008. This work demonstrated that gene A coded for ACC synthase, CmACS-7, and that the loss of function of this enzyme was the cause of the appearance of andromonoecia. These results were the subject of the patent WO / 2007/125264.
- the recessive allele g in combination with the allele A, causes the development of unisexual female flowers, or hermaphrodite flowers, when combined with the allele a.
- the different sexual types are determined by the allelic combinations of the 3 genes F, M and A, while in melons the different sexual types are controlled by only 2 genes, A and G.
- the gene A , CmACS-7, melon is the orthologue of the M gene, CsACS2, cucumber.
- the inventors thus identified, for the first time, in plants belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, a gene responsible for androecia.
- Said gene is characterized by a non-mutated dominant allele inducing the synthesis of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase protein (active ACS8, limiting enzyme of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway), and by a recessive allele mutant inducing the synthesis of a protein ACS8 inactive or having a reduced enzymatic activity.
- active ACS8 limiting enzyme of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway
- the Cucurbitaceae according to the present invention having two recessive alleles for the ACS8 androecia gene are androic.
- the inventors have furthermore demonstrated that two recessive alleles both having an enzyme activity reduced by at least 50% relative to a wild-type ACS8 were sufficient to drive this androic phenotype.
- the Cucurbitaceae according to the present invention having a mutated recessive ACS8 allele are of interest in that they may be of androic tendency, that is to say have more male flowers than the wild plant.
- plants according to the present invention whether they are androic or of androic tendency can be used as pollinator.
- a first subject of the invention relates to a plant, of the family Cucurbitaceae, which plant is: selected from the group comprising the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Lagenaria, excluding the species Cucumis sativus ; and
- ACS8 ⁇ -aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8
- the reference carboxylate synthase 8 has an activity of converting S-adenosyl methionine to aminocyclopropane carboxylate and which variant has a lower activity than at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or 90%, more preferably at least 95% or 99% based on said reference 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, and particularly preferably said variant has zero activity.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a plant according to the invention, characterized in that it is homozygous for the allele of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) which is non-coding or coding for a variant. of the reference ACS8 and androic.
- ACS8 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8
- Another subject of the invention relates to a seed whose germination leads to a plant as defined according to the invention.
- Another object of the invention relates to a use of a plant according to the invention as a pollinator.
- Another subject of the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide corresponding to a variant of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) reference, plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, which 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 shows an activity of conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to aminocyclopropane carboxylate and which variant has an activity lower by at least 50%, preferably by at least 75% or 90%, more preferably by at least 95%. % or 99% relative to said 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 reference and particularly preferably, said variant has zero activity.
- ACS8 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8
- Another subject of the invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide according to the invention.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a cell derived from a plant as defined in the present invention.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method for producing an androic plant of the cucurbitaceae family, said process comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a plant of the cucurbitaceae family, preferentially selected from the group comprising the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Lagenaria,
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method for producing an Androic or Androic plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, said process comprising the steps of:
- a) obtaining a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family which plant is selected from the group comprising the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Lagenaria,
- Another object of the invention relates moreover to a method for propagating an androic homozygous plant of the invention, comprising the steps of: a) Treatment of androic plants homozygous for the mutated ACS8 allele of the invention, with a compound for inducing an increase in the intracellular concentration of ethylene, for generating female flowers, b) self-pollination of the plants obtained in step a), and c) harvesting of the seeds.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method for identifying a plant having a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide according to the invention and comprising the steps of: a) analyzing a sample comprising cells of a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae or extracts thereof so as to identify whether said plant comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide according to the invention; and
- Another subject of the invention also relates to a method of selecting an androic plant, said process comprising the steps of: a) analyzing a sample comprising cells of a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae or extracts thereof to identify whether said plant comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide according to the invention,
- step b) identifying a plant comprising such a nucleic acid sequence, c) crossing plants having a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide according to the invention identified in step b), and
- the invention also relates to a method for selecting a plant having at least two characters of interest, said method comprising the steps of:
- step b) crossing plants having a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide according to the invention and still having said first characteristic of interest identified in step b),
- step d) crossing a plant having at least a first character of interest obtained in step d) with a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae having at least a second character of interest;
- Another subject of the invention also relates to a method for producing a seed of plant, preferably hybrid, diploid or triploid, comprising the steps of: a. planting a field alternately with androids and / or of androic plants of the invention comprising a first character of interest and sterile gynoecious and / or male plants as defined in the present invention comprising a second characteristic of interest,
- Another object of the invention relates to a seed, preferably hybrid, of plant obtained by any of the methods of the invention.
- the germination of this seed leads to a plant having said at least first and second characters of interest described above.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a plant, of the cucurbitaceae family, selected from the group comprising the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Lagenaria, excluding the species Cucumis sativus, and characterized in that what it is androic.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a use, for the identification of androic plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, of probes or primers allowing the detection of the polynucleotide according to the invention in a sample comprising cells of such a plant. or extracts from them.
- a final subject of the invention concerns a use, for the identification of androic plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, of antibodies allowing the detection of the polypeptide according to the invention in a sample comprising cells of such a plant or extracts of these. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- Figure 1 shows the scheme of crosses made to obtain the androic cucumber (Cucumis sativus) population used to determine the gene responsible for androecia.
- Figure 2 shows the genetic map of the locus of androecia in cucumber made from a population of 230 individuals.
- FIG. 3 shows the gene structure of the two alleles of the cucumber androecia gene, namely the dominant allele whose nucleic acid sequence codes for a wild-type ACS8 polypeptide sequence and the mutated recessive allele whose nucleic acid sequence encodes a truncated ACS8 polypeptide sequence.
- FIG. 4 represents the kinetics of appearance of the male flowers, in connection with the experiments carried out in Example 9.
- Figure 5 shows the kinetics of appearance of female flowers, in connection with the experiments performed in Example 9.
- a first subject of the invention relates to a plant, of the family Cucurbitaceae, which plant is: selected from the group comprising the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Lagenaria, excluding the species Cucumis sativus ; and
- ACS8 ⁇ -aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8
- the reference carboxylate synthase 8 has an activity of converting S-adenosyl methionine to aminocyclopropane.
- carboxylate and which variant has a lower activity of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or 90%, more preferably at least 95% or 99% relative to said 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Reference synthase 8 and particularly preferably, said variant has zero activity.
- said activity of conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to aminocyclopropane carboxylate corresponds to a Vmax of less than or equal to 400 nmol.min -1 .mu.g- 1 , preferably less than or equal to 300, and particularly preferably less than or equal to 275. nmol.min ⁇ .mg ⁇ in the presence of a concentration of 5 ⁇ of pyridoxal5'-phosphate (PLP).
- Another subject of the invention relates to a plant according to the invention, characterized in that it is homozygous for the non-coding or variant variant I-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) allele. of the reference ACS8 and androic.
- ACS8 I-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8
- plant is meant a plant as a whole but also an isolated fragment or part of a plant such as a root derived from said plant, a leaf, a stem, a flower, a fruit, etc.
- plants of the Cucurbitaceae family is intended to mean dicotyledonous plants of the Cucurbitaceae family and comprising in particular the genera Cucumis, Cucurbita, Citrullus, Lagenaria, Luffa, Momordica, Cyclanthera, Echinocystis, Thladiantha. , Bryona, Trichosanthes, Melothria, Ibervillea, Ecballium, Sechium, Benincasa, Sicyos, Coccinia.
- said plant is selected from the group consisting of the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Lagenaria and Momordica.
- said plant is selected from the group consisting of Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, Lagenaria siceraria, Momordica charentia, Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata species.
- Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, Lagenaria siceraria, Momordica charentia, Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata with the androic phenotype have never been identified in the wild.
- the only phenotypes that have been identified are, for Cucumis melo, the andromonoic, gynoecious, monoecious and hermaphroditic phenotypes; for Citrullus lanatus, the andromonoeconomic and monoecious phenotypes for Cucurbita pepo, the monoecious phenotype for Luffa acutangula, the monoecious, andromonoecious, gynoecious and hermaphroditic phenotypes; for Lagenaria siceraria, the monoecious and andromonoecious phenotypes and for Momordica charentia, the monoecious and gynoecious phenotypes.
- the phenotypes present are the monoecious, andromonoecious, androic, gynoecious and hermaphrodite phenotypes.
- the phenotype present is the monoecious phenotype.
- polypeptide or “protein”, as used in the context of the present invention, refer to any amino acid chain, regardless of their length or their possible post-translational modifications (such as glycosylation, phosphorylation or alkylation). , etc).
- polypeptide sequence aminocyclopropane carboxylate synthase 8 within the meaning of the present invention refers to the enzyme aminocyclopropane carboxylate synthase 8 transforming S-adenosyl methionine aminocyclopropane carboxylate.
- This enzyme ACS8 is also known under other names, namely 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8, 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8, ACC synthase 8, S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase 8 or ACS8.
- wild-type allele is meant, in the sense of the present invention, any natural allele coding for a protein which has an enzymatic activity similar or identical to that of the reference ACS8. Wild alleles within the meaning of this The invention provides genomic sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO. 34 and the coding sequences SEQ ID No. 2, SEQ ID No. 11, SEQ ID No. 20, SEQ ID No. 23, SEQ ID No. 26, SEQ ID No. 29, SEQ ID No. 32 and SEQ ID No. # 35.
- reference sequence within the meaning of the present invention is meant for a specific species of plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 8 protein encoded by a wild-type allele which has 100% activity. of ACS8.
- This reference sequence is characterized in that it is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence corresponding to a dominant allele present in the monoecious, andromonoecious, gynoecious and hermaphroditic plants.
- reference ACS8 sequences for the species Cucumis sativus, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, Luffa acutangula, Lagenaria siceraria, Momordica charentia and Cucurbita pepo correspond to the sequences SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 12, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 33 and SEQ ID NO: 36 respectively.
- variant of a polypeptide sequence according to the invention is meant a polypeptide sequence which differs from the reference polypeptide sequence by at least one point mutation or which corresponds to a fragment thereof.
- fragment of a reference polypeptide sequence is meant a polypeptide sequence of reduced length relative to the polypeptide sequence preferably, preferably less than 10% in length, for example at least 25 or 33%, and particularly preferably at least 50%.
- a variant of a polypeptide sequence according to the invention may be of natural origin, such as a variant resulting from a pre-existing allelic variation in the wild state. Such a variant may also be a non-existing preexisting polypeptide sequence and obtained, for example, by mutagenesis techniques. Preferably, a te! variant is obtained at the end of a stage of utagenesis.
- the activity of the enzyme ACS8 can be determined simply by those skilled in the art with regard to his general knowledge. By way of example, this activity can be determined by the method incorporated herein by reference described in BOUALEM et al. (2008, Science, Vol 321: p.836-838, A conserved mutation in an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme leads to andromonoecy in melons)
- variants having the sequences SEQ ID No. 6 and SEQ ID No. 9 of Cucumis sativus mention may be made of the variants having the sequences SEQ ID No. 15 and SEQ ID No. 18 of Cucumis melo.
- androic plant is meant, in the sense of the present invention, a plant carrying only male flowers. These male (staminate) flowers have only the male reproductive organs and thus produce only pollen, in contrast to female (pistillate) flowers producing only oocytes which will become seeds if they are fertilized. The fact that a plant is androic is called androecia.
- plant with an androic tendency is understood to mean a heterozygous plant for the mutated allele according to the invention, carrying more male flowers than the same mono ⁇ c or andromonoecious wild plant, not having the mutated allele according to the invention.
- the plant according to the invention has, in addition, at least a first character of interest such as a higher yield, less water consumption or even earlier flowering.
- character of interest is meant, in the sense of the present invention, a character expressed by a plant and which gives it specific properties compared to other plants that do not express this character.
- a character of interest is a character of agronomic interest which may be qualitative or quantitative.
- the characters of interest within the meaning of the present invention may be, for example, larger and / or more numerous fruits, a higher yield, a lower consumption of water, an earlier flowering, a resistance to certain pathogens, be they viral, bacterial or fungal, or resistance to water stress.
- alleles involved in the resistance to certain pathogens whether of a viral, bacterial or fungal nature, the Vat allele, which confers aphid resistance.
- resistance means the ability of a plant or variety to restrict the growth and development of a particular pathogen or pest and / or the damage they cause, in comparison with susceptible varieties under similar environmental and pressure conditions of this pathogen or pest. Resistant plants or varieties may express some symptoms of the disease or some damage in case of strong pathogen or pest pressure.
- the ISF distinguishes two resistance levels, namely standard or high resistance (HR *) and intermediate or moderate resistance (IR *).
- Standard or high resistance means the ability of a plant or variety to severely restrict the growth and development of a specified pathogen or pest under normal growing pressure conditions. these, in comparison with susceptible varieties. These plants or varieties may, however, express symptoms or damage under high pressure of this pathogen or pest.
- Intermediate or moderate resistance (IR *) or “partial resistance” means the ability of a plant or variety to restrict the growth and development of a specified pathogen or pest but may express more symptoms or damage compared to high / standard resistance varieties. Intermediate resistance plants or varieties will exhibit less severe symptoms or damage than those observed on susceptible varieties under similar environmental and / or pathogen or pest pressure conditions.
- Immunity is meant not to be subject to attack or infection by a pest or a given pathogen.
- Sensitivity means the inability of a plant or variety to restrict the growth and development of a specific pathogen or pest.
- the plant according to the invention is characterized in that it is obtained by genetic engineering techniques.
- the term “genetic engineering” refers to all the techniques for manipulating the genome of a living being in order to modify its genotype and consequently its phenotype.
- the androic plant according to the invention is characterized in that the method for obtaining said plant is a mutagenesis inducing one or more mutations in the nucleotide sequence of the wild-type allele, resulting in a decrease in the activity of conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to aminocyclopropane carboxylate, this decrease in activity being less than 50%, preferably at least 75% or 90%, more preferably at least 95% or 99% less than relative to the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 wild and particularly preferably, the activity becoming zero.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a seed whose germination leads to a plant according to the invention.
- seed is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, an organ obtained by the development and maturation of the egg after fertilization, said organ contains the embryo and nutrient reserves necessary for its development during germination .
- slaughter is understood to mean the phenomenon of passage from the embryo of the ripe seed from a state of life slowed down to an active growth state, by using the reserves contained in the seed, until the obtained seedling is autotrophic.
- Another object of the invention relates to a use of a plant according to the invention as a pollinator.
- the term "pollinator (s)” refers to a plant used as a pollen donor, which pollen is used to pollinate female flowers.
- the term "pollinator” in the sense of the present invention is synonymous with the term “pollinating plant”.
- the use as a pollinator of the homozygous plant for the mutated allele as defined in the present invention and thus androic allows the production of hybrid or triploid seeds and plants.
- the absence of female reproductive organs facilitates experiments for the selection and improvement of plants.
- the use of heterozygous plants for the mutated allele as defined in the present invention, which plant is of androic tendency allows the production of hybrid or triploid seeds and plants.
- the use of androic plants can mitigate the effects of the desynchronization of male and female flowering.
- the mutated allele according to the invention can be used in association with genes governing the architecture of the plant and in particular the positioning of the flowers in order to optimize their arrangement on the plant and therefore the dispersion and pollen and the quality of pollination.
- the use of plants according to the invention makes it possible to increase the yield of the fruits produced on a plot of production.
- the plants according to the invention producing more pollen than usual polinator plants
- the producer can reduce the number of male plants polinizers, increase the number of female plants and thus increase the number of fruits harvested on the plot of production.
- the use of a plant, as defined in the present invention, as pollinator is aimed at obtaining seeds of hybrid plants and hybrid plants, triploid plant seeds and plants producing fruits. seed-free, for example in the production of triploid watermelons.
- the polinizing plants according to the invention can be used, for example, to pollinate tetraploid watermelon plants, thus producing triploid seeds. These triploid seeds will be planted to give triploid plants, the flowers of which will have to be pollinated, for example by polinizing plants according to the invention, to produce seedless fruits, appreciated by consumers.
- hybrids are meant, within the meaning of the present invention, any plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family resulting from the crossing of two genetically different plants, preferentially, the two plants are two plants of genetically different lines.
- Another subject of the invention relates to an isolated polypeptide corresponding to a variant of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) reference, plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, which 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 shows an activity of conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to aminocyclopropane carboxylate and which variant has an activity lower by at least 50%, preferably by at least 75% or 90%, more preferably by at least 95%. % or 99% relative to said 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 reference and particularly preferably, said variant has zero activity.
- ACS8 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synth
- isolated in the sense of the present invention refers to biological material that has been removed from its original environment (the environment in which it is naturally located). For example, a polypeptide naturally occurring in a plant is not isolated. The same polypeptide separated from other adjacent polypeptides within the cell in which it is naturally present is isolated.
- the polypeptide of the invention has at least 80% identity with the reference polypeptide sequence or a fragment thereof, preferably at least 85% or 90% identity, and particularly preferably preferred at least 95% identity with this sequence.
- the polypeptide of the invention may be a fragment of the reference polypeptide.
- Said fragment may be obtained by a nonsense mutation on the nucleotide sequence resulting in the appearance of a STOP codon in this nucleotide sequence or by a shifting mutation, which may in particular cause a shift in the reading frame to reveal a STOP codon in the nucleic acid sequence.
- percentage identity between two polypeptide sequences is meant the percentage of identical amino acids, between two sequences to be compared, obtained with the best possible alignment of said sequences. This percentage is purely statistical and the differences between the two sequences are randomly distributed throughout the length of the amino acid sequences.
- best possible alignment or optimal alignment is meant alignment to obtain the highest percentage of identity. Sequence comparisons between two amino acid sequences are usually performed by comparing said sequences after they have been aligned in the best possible alignment; the comparison is then performed on comparison segments so as to identify and compare regions of similarity.
- the best possible alignment for comparison can be achieved using the global homology algorithm developed by Smith and Waterman (Math App., Vol.2, p: 482, 1981), using the algorithm of Local homology developed by Neddleman and Wunsch (J.
- the percentage of identity is determined by comparing the two optimally aligned sequences, said sequences may comprise additions or modifications. deletions with respect to the reference sequence so as to obtain the best possible alignment between these two sequences.
- the identity percentage is calculated by determining the number of identical positions between the two sequences, dividing the number obtained by the total number of positions compared and multiplying the result obtained by 100 to obtain the percentage identity between these two sequences. .
- amino acid and “amino acids” within the meaning of the present invention correspond to any naturally occurring amino acid or their residues. Amino acids can be identified either by their abbreviation to a single letter, or by their abbreviation to three letters.
- mutation in the sense of the present invention refers to a permanent change in the sequence of genetic material of a plant cell belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. Such a mutation may correspond in particular to a substitution, a deletion or an insertion.
- nonsense mutation is meant, in the sense of the present invention, the substitution, in a sequence of a gene, of a nucleotide by another nucleotide resulting in the appearance of a STOP codon.
- shifting mutation is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, the insertion or the deletion, in the genomic sequence of a gene, of one or more nucleotides causing a shift of the reading frame, which can in particular lead to at the appearance of a STOP codon.
- the isolated polypeptide corresponding to a variant of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) reference, having an activity at least 50% lower than said Reference 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 comprises a sequence having at least 90%, preferably 95% and even more preferably 98% identity with:
- sequence SEQ ID No. 6 or variants or fragments thereof, in which the amino acid at position 152 and the following ones are deleted, with respect to the sequence SEQ ID No. 3,
- the isolated polypeptide corresponding to a variant of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) reference, having an activity at least 50% lower than said Reference 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 comprises a sequence having at least 90%, preferably 95% and even more preferably 98% identity with: the sequence SEQ. ID No. 15 or variants or fragments thereof, wherein the amino acid at position 45 is phenylalanine relative to SEQ ID NO: 12,
- Another subject of the invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide according to the invention.
- the polynucleotide according to the invention may be non-coding if it comprises a mutation leading to the disappearance of the initiation codon of the reference polynucleotide.
- a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, homozygous for an ACS8 allele corresponding to said polynucleotide is androic, namely that it has only male flowers.
- the term "homozygous plant” is intended to mean a plant having two polynucleotides encoding ⁇ -aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) which is non-coding or encoding a polypeptide. corresponding to a variant of the reference ACS8, at the rate of one copy of said polynucleotide per chromosome of the pair of chromosomes.
- ACS8 ⁇ -aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8
- a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, heterozygous for the mutated allele according to the invention has a delay in the appearance of female flowers compared to male flowers compared to wild plants having male flowers. Consequently, plants heterozygous for the mutated allele according to the invention have more male flowers than wild plants.
- heterozygous plant is meant, in the sense of the present invention, a plant having a single polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention.
- polynucleotide is intended to mean a single-stranded nucleotide chain or its complement or a double-stranded nucleotide chain which may be of the DNA or RNA type.
- the polynucleotides of the invention are of the DNA type, in particular of double-stranded DNA.
- nucleic acid sequence may be used to denote either a polynucleotide or a nucleic acid.
- nucleic acid sequence encompasses the genetic material itself and is therefore not restricted to information about its sequence.
- nucleic acid sequence refers to a DNA sequence (for example a cDNA (complementary DNA) or genomic or synthetic DNA) or to an RNA sequence (for example a messenger RNA or else synthetic RNA), as well as DNA or RNA analogs containing unnatural nucleotide analogues, unnatural internucleotide linkages, or both.
- said nucleotide sequence is a DNA sequence.
- the nucleotide sequences may have any topological conformation, such as linear or circular.
- nucleotide refers to both natural nucleotides (Adenine: A, Thymine: T, Guanine: G, Cytosine: C) as well as modified nucleotides that include at least one modification such as (i) an analog of a purine, (ii) a analog of a pyrimidine, or (iii) an analog sugar, such modified nucleotides being described for example in PCT Application No. WO 95/04064.
- the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the invention comprises a sequence having at least 90%, preferably 95% and even more preferably 98% identity with
- sequence SEQ ID No. 5 or variants or fragments thereof, in which the nucleotide at position 394 is deleted with respect to the sequence SEQ ID No. 2,
- sequence SEQ ID No. 8 or variants or fragments thereof, in which the nucleotide at position 173 is an adenine, with respect to the sequence SEQ ID No. 2.
- the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the invention comprises a sequence having at least 90%, preferably 95% and more preferably 98% identity with
- sequence SEQ ID No. 14 or variants or fragments thereof, in which the nucleotide at position 133 is a thymine with respect to the sequence SEQ ID No. 11,
- Another subject of the invention relates to a cell derived from a plant as defined in the present invention.
- Said plant cell comprises the polypeptide of the invention or the polynucleotide encoding said polypeptide.
- plant cell is intended to mean protoplasts, gametes producing cells and cells regenerating whole plants.
- plant cell also refers, without limitation, to cells obtained or isolated from: seeds, suspension cultures, embryos, meristems, leaves, roots, shoots, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen and microspores.
- a “plant cell” can refer to a single cell or cell population.
- a population of plant cells can be pure, that is to say composed of a single type of cell, or composed of different types of cells.
- a plant cell within the meaning of the present invention may be isolated or included in a plant tissue, a plant organ or a plant in any stage of development.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method of identifying a plant having a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide according to the invention and comprising the steps of:
- Step a) analysis can be done by methods that are well known to those skilled in the art. These methods may be direct methods for detecting the nucleic acid sequence selected from the group including but not limited to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), In situ hybridization, Northern blot, Southern blot, sequencing, KEYPOINT TM technique or TILLING.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- In situ hybridization Northern blot
- Southern blot Southern blot
- sequencing KEYPOINT TM technique or TILLING.
- the TILLING method is well known to those skilled in the art; it is described in particular by Me CALLUM et al. (2000, Plant Physiology, Vol 123: 439-442). These methods may also be indirect methods based on the detection of the polypeptide encoded by said nucleic acid sequence and selected from the group comprising, but not limited to, evaluating the activity of said polypeptide, western blot, spectrometry proteomic mass or the iTRAQ method.
- the identification step b) can be carried out simply by the person skilled in the art with regard to his general knowledge.
- This step may comprise in particular a plant culture step identified in step a) as comprising the nucleic acid sequence of the invention.
- the identification method according to the invention is characterized in that said plant of the Cucurbitaceae family has, in addition, at least one first character of interest and in that it further comprises, optionally , a step b ') of selecting a plant always having said at least first character of interest.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a preliminary step of mutagenesis of a plant or a plant seed of the Cucurbitaceae family. This step can in particular make it possible to obtain a collection of mutant plants.
- mutagenesis techniques used for the purposes of the present invention must make it possible to induce mutations in the genome of plant cells.
- mutagenesis techniques are well known to those skilled in the art and include in particular UV, X-ray or gamma mutagenesis, targeted mutagenesis by the KEYBASE TM technique or chemical mutagenesis, for example ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS; see especially the method described by KOORNBEEF et al., Mutat.Res., Vol 93: 109-123, 1982), meganucleases (endodeoxyribonucleases), zinc finger nucleases, ribozymes.
- EMS ethylmethanesulphonate
- the identification of androic plants can be done as follows: seeds of the Cucurbitaceae family are exposed to an agent mutagenic. Plants from these mutated seeds are then self-fertilized to obtain a collection of mutant plants.
- the DNA of each plant from the previously generated collection is extracted and the nucleic acid sequence of the allele encoding ACS8 is amplified to look for the presence of mutation (s) relative to the sequence of the allele coding for non-mutated ACS8. Plants mutated in the sequence of the ACS8 coding allele are selected.
- DNA “pools” are then made by mixing the DNA extracted from several plants of the previously generated collection, which makes it possible to reduce the number of mutations detection steps.
- the target sequences are amplified by PCR using the appropriate nucleic primers.
- the amplicons thus obtained are heated and then cooled in order to generate DNA heteroduplexes between the DNA of a non-mutated plant on the nucleic acid sequence of the allele coding for ACS8 and the DNA of a plant. mutated on the nucleic acid sequence of the allele encoding ACS8.
- the heteroduplexes are incubated in the presence of a cutting endonuclease at the level of the mismatches, before being denatured and separated.
- the separated DNA strands thus obtained are subjected to the mutation detection step (s), by electrophoresis or by HPLC under denaturing conditions (DHPLC) described for example by MC CALLUM et al. (2000, Plant Physiol., Vol 123: 439-442).
- the method of the invention is characterized in that it further aims at the selection of an androic plant and in that it further comprises the steps of: c) crossing plants with a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide according to the invention identified in step b); and
- the method according to the invention further comprises the steps of: e) crossing a plant having at least a first character of interest obtained in step d) with a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae having at least one second characteristic of interest; and
- the crossing step e) includes a pollen collection step of the plant having at least a first character of interest, a step of contacting this pollen with the female organs of the female flowers or hermaphrodites previously manually, chemically or genetically emasculated, sterile males or any plant having functional female organs and non-functional male organs, plants having at least a second trait of interest, for obtaining seeds and finally a culture step previously obtained plant seeds.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the plant of the Cucurbitaceae family having at least one second characteristic of interest is gynoecious or male sterile.
- a method for obtaining gynoecious plants may be that described, for example, in PCT Application No. WO 2010/012948.
- a method for obtaining hermaphroditic plants may be that described, for example, in PCT Application No. WO 2007/125264.
- gynoecious plant in the sense of the present invention, a plant carrying only female flowers.
- the female (pistillate) flowers present only the female reproductive organs and therefore produce only oocytes that will become seeds if fertilization occurs, unlike male (staminate) flowers that produce only pollen.
- the fact that a plant is gynoecious is called gynoecia.
- the term “hermaphrodite plant” is intended to mean plants whose flowers bear both the male reproductive organs and the female reproductive organs.
- sterile male plant is meant, in the sense of the present invention, a hermaphroditic plant devoid of male reproductive organs or devoid of male reproductive organs capable of producing pollen and / or viable pollen by a manual emasculation, chemical or genetics.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that it is further directed to the production of a plant seed, preferably a hybrid, diploid or triploid seed, and in that it also comprises the steps of: e) planting a field alternately with the androic plants of the invention and / or with androic tendency and gynoecious plants and / or sterile males as defined above;
- Another subject of the invention relates to a seed, preferably hybrid, diploid or triploid seed of plant obtained according to the process for producing a seed of plant, preferably hybrid, diploid or triploid, according to the invention.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method for producing an androic plant of the cucurbitaceae family, said process comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a plant of the cucurbitaceae family, preferably selected from the group comprising the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Lagenaria,
- the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) of said plant is characterized by a nucleic acid sequence having at least 75%, particularly at least 80%, more particularly at least 90%, preferentially at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%, still more preferably at least 99% identity with any one of SEQ ID 10, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31.
- step b) of inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 makes it possible to obtain an activity that is at least 50% lower, preferably at least 50%. at least 75% or 90%, more preferably at least 95% or 99% based on said 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 of said plant before inhibition.
- ACS8 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8
- Inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 is to be taken broadly, and includes the inhibition of the expression, by use of expression inhibitors, of 1-aminocyclopropane-1. carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) or the inhibition of the activity, using inhibitors of activity, of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8).
- expression inhibitor is meant a natural or synthetic compound having the ability to inhibit, or significantly reduce, the expression of a gene at the different levels of expression thereof, including transcription and the translation.
- Expression inhibitor examples include interfering RNAs (siRNA, miRIMA, shRNA) and antisense oligonucleotides (including antisense DNA and RNA), acting by binding to the gene of interest, and thus preventing the expression of the gene by blocking the translation or by an increase in the degradation of the messenger RNAs.
- Antisense oligonucleotides measure typically about 15 bases and are complementary to the RNA or DNA of the gene of interest. They can be synthesized and used by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Interfering RNAs are also selected and used by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Ribozymes can also be used to inhibit the expression of a gene of interest.
- Ribozymes are in fact enzymatic RNA molecules capable of catalyzing the cleavage of RNA.
- the mechanism of ribozyme action involves sequence-specific hybridization of the ribozyme molecule to the complementary RNA target sequence followed by endonucleolucleotide cleavage. Techniques for obtaining and using such ribozymes are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the ribozyme-specific cleavage sites in any potential RNA target are initially identified by studying the target RNA, the sites typically comprising the GUA, GUU and GUC sequences.
- the small RNA sequences typically 15 to 20 ribonucleotides and corresponding to the region of the target RNA comprising the cleavage site, can be evaluated in terms of predicting their structural characteristics (equivalent to a secondary structure ) that can render the oligonucleotide unsuitable.
- antisense oligonucleotides, the interfering RNAs and the ribozymes that can be used in the context of the invention may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. They include chemical synthesis techniques. Alternatively, antisense RNA molecules and interfering RNAs can be generated by in vitro or in vivo transcription of DNA sequences encoding such RNA molecules. These DNA sequences can be incorporated into a large number of vectors that comprise or may include suitable RNA polymerase promoters such as T7 or SP6 polymerase promoters. Numerous modifications well known to those skilled in the art can be made to the oligonucleotides of the invention to increase their cell stability and half-life.
- antisense oligonucleotides, interfering RNAs and ribozymes of the invention can be delivered in vivo alone or in combination with a vector.
- activity inhibitor is meant a compound, natural or otherwise, having the ability to reduce or suppress the activity of a protein.
- Inhibitors of activity of the invention may be chemical compounds, natural or synthetic, but also biological compounds, significantly inhibiting or reducing the activity of a protein of interest. Such compounds may be molecules binding to said protein (e.g., but not necessarily, at its active site), and thereby blocking its activity. The compounds can also inhibit the activity of the protein by acting on an actor of the signaling pathway of said protein of interest.
- the activity inhibitor of the invention may also be an aptamer.
- Aptamers are molecules that represent an alternative to antibodies in terms of molecular recognition. These are oligonucleotide or oligopeptide sequences having the ability to recognize virtually any class of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Such ligands can be isolated and modified by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- Another subject of the invention also relates to a plant or a seed obtained by this process according to the invention.
- said androic plant of the family Cucurbitaceae is not from the species Cucumis sativus.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method for producing an Androic or Androic plant of the family Cucurbitaceae, said process comprising the steps of:
- a) obtaining a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family which plant is selected from the group comprising the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Lagenaria,
- said variant of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) reference highlighted in step b) is characterized by a nucleic acid sequence having at least 75%, particularly at at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%, even more preferably at least 99% identity with any of SEQ ID 10, 19, 22, 25 , 28, 31 and 33, but not exactly the same as this.
- Another subject of the invention also relates to a plant or a seed obtained by this process according to the invention.
- said androic plant of the family Cucurbitaceae is not from the species Cucumis sativus.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method of selecting a plant having at least two characters of interest, said method comprising the steps of:
- step b) crossing plants having a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide according to the invention and still having said first characteristic of interest identified in step b),
- step d) crossing a plant having at least a first character of interest obtained in step d) with a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae having at least a second character of interest;
- Another subject of the invention also relates to a plant or a seed obtained by this process according to the invention.
- the said plant of the cucurbitaceae family of step d) does not come from the species Cucumis sativus.
- Another object of the invention relates moreover to a method for propagating an androic homozygous plant of the invention, comprising the steps of: a) treating androic plants homozygous for the mutated ACS8 allele of the invention, with a compound making it possible to induce an increase in the intracellular concentration of ethylene, for generating female flowers, b) self-pollination of the plants obtained in step a), and c) harvesting of the seeds.
- Ethephon or ethrel, is a plant growth factor well known to those skilled in the art.
- ACC or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid plays an important role in the biosynthesis of ethylene and is synthesized by ACC synthetase enzyme from methionine, and then converted to ethylene by ACC oxidase.
- Homozygous androic plants for the mutated ACS8 allele of the invention comprise a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention.
- the seeds obtained by such a method are de facto androic, and include a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention.
- Another subject of the invention also relates to a plant or a seed obtained by this process according to the invention.
- said androic plant of the family Cucurbitaceae is not from the species Cucumis sativus.
- Another subject of the invention also relates to a method for producing a plant seed, preferably a hybrid, diploid or triploid seed, comprising the steps of: at. planting a field alternately with androids and / or of androic plants of the invention comprising a first character of interest and sterile gynoecious and / or male plants as defined in the present invention comprising a second character of interest;
- an androic plant with an andro tendency of the invention carries a mutated allele ACS8 of the invention or is heterozygous for the mutated allele of ⁇ -aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) non-coding or coding for a variant of the reference ACS8.
- Said androic plant has more male flowers than the same monoecious or andromonoecious wild plant that does not have said mutated allele.
- said seed is homozygous for the mutated ACS8 allele of the invention, and thus comprises a polypeptide and / or a polynucleotide of the invention.
- said seed of the family Cucurbitaceae does not come from the species Cucumis sativus.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a plant, of the cucurbitaceae family, selected from the group comprising the genera Cucumis, Citrullus, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Lagenaria, excluding the species Cucumis sativus, and characterized in that what it is androic.
- probes or primers allowing the detection of the polynucleotide according to the invention in a sample comprising cells of such a plant or extracts from them.
- probe is intended to mean a nucleic acid sequence having a hybridization specificity under determined conditions for forming a hybridization complex with a target nucleic acid sequence and emitting a signal when hybridization of the probe to the target nucleic acid sequence.
- the term "primer” is intended to mean a nucleic acid sequence which is capable of being a point of initiation of the synthesis of a nucleic acid sequence, along a strand of complementary nucleic acid, under conditions catalyzing said synthesis. Such conditions include the presence of the four nucleotide bases and a polymerization agent such as a DNA polymerase, in a buffer solution and at an appropriate temperature.
- probes or primers advantageously correspond to polynucleotides of at least 15 nucleic acids, preferably at least 20 nucleic acids.
- these probes or primers have a sequence identical to or complementary to a sequence encoding an ACS8 of a plant belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae.
- sequences SEQ ID No. 4 and SEQ ID No. 7 of Cucumis sativus and SEQ ID No. 13 and SEQ ID No. 16 of Cucumis melo mention may be made of the sequences SEQ ID No. 4 and SEQ ID No. 7 of Cucumis sativus and SEQ ID No. 13 and SEQ ID No. 16 of Cucumis melo.
- Another subject of the invention concerns a use, for the selection of androic plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, of antibodies allowing the detection of the polypeptide according to the invention in a sample comprising cells of such a plant or extracts of them.
- antibody is intended to mean, in particular, polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies or fragments (for example the F (ab) ' 2 , F (ab)) fragments or recognizing the target polypeptide or polypeptide fragment. according to the invention.
- BC1 backcross progeny 1
- Example 2 Primary Location of the Region Containing the Androgen Gene
- the purpose of this step is the identification of molecular markers that segregate specifically with androecia.
- the idea is to group the DNA of the monoecious BC1 individuals and the DNA of the androic BC1 individuals. This technique is called BSA, Bulk Segregant Analysis, (Michelmore, RW et al.) Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulked segregant analysis: A rapid method to detect markers in specifies genomic regions by using segregating populations. Acad Sci USA 88: 9828-9832, 1991) or mixed segregation analysis.
- Anchorage of AFLP markers was facilitated by the availability of the cucumber genome sequence.
- the positioning of the AFLP markers enabled us to measure the physical distance between the two AFLP markers (Pst65xMse52 and Pst74xMsel7) surrounding the Androecy locus. This distance is 781kilobases (kb) and contains 62 genes.
- the CsACS8 gene encodes an ACC synthase, the key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. From a genetic point of view, the physical distance between this CsACS8 gene and other AFLP markers (Figure 2) is consistent with the relationship between physical distance and genetic distance described for cucumber. In Cucurbitaceae such as cucumber and melon, ethylene has been described as the major determination of the floral sex type. In view of these different points, the CsACS8 gene is considered a very good candidate gene.
- the CsACS8 gene can be the gene responsible for Androecia
- the CsACS8 gene composed of 4 exons and 3 introns, encodes a protein of 441 amino acids.
- the CsACS8 gene has a deletion of a base in the 3rd exon of the gene. This deletion changes the protein reading frame and causes the appearance of the STOP 20 amino acid codon after the deletion thus resulting in a protein of 151 amino acids (FIG. 3).
- Example 5 Functional Validation of the CsACS8 Gene
- TILLING EMS mutant
- Example 6 Functional Validation of the CsACS8 Gene in Zucchini (Cucurbita oepo) In order to study whether the ACS8 gene also controls androecia in others
- Cucurbitaceae as cucumber and melon, we study its role in sexual determinism in zucchini, a cucurbitaceae for which the existence of androecia in its natural state has never been postponed. To do this, we seek to identify the homologous sequence of the cucumber CsACS8 gene and CmACS8 of melon in the zucchini: CpACS8.
- Example 8 Determination of the transformation activity of S-adenosyl methionine to aminocyclopropane carboxylate by I-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8)
- ACS8 The enzymatic activity of ACS8 is measured in vitro by spectrophotometrically monitoring at 265 nm the formation of 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) following the introduction of S-adenosyl methionine, deaminase and various concentrations of PLP. (pyridoxal5'-phosphate).
- MTA 5'-methylthioadenosine
- Bacterial strains, plasmids and reaction products Bacterial strains, plasmids and reaction products:
- the bacterial strain Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLYSS is used for the expression of the enzyme.
- the cloning vector used is the plasmid pET15b (NOVAGEN) which carries the T7 promoter and includes ampicillin resistance.
- S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM), Pyridoxal 5'phosphate (PLP) and 5'Adenylic Acid Deaminase from Aspergillus (deaminase) can be obtained from SIGMA. Expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate svnthase 8 (ACS8) in
- the reference ACS8s derived from SEQ ID No. 3 and No. 12 or recombinant and from SEQ ID No. 6, No. 9, No. 15 and No. 18 were cloned into the vector Petl5b, which vector was used. to transform Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLYSS bacteria according to the conditions provided by the manufacturer.
- a Histidine tag associated with each of the ACS8 Due to the presence of a Histidine tag associated with each of the ACS8, they are purified using a nickel column (IMi-IDA 15 ml) previously equilibrated with TRIS to PH8 (50mM) and NaCl (500mM). . After passing the solution containing recombinant ACS8 to be purified, the column is then washed with TRIS to PH8 (50 mM) and NaCl (500 mM) supplemented with imidazole (10 mM) until no protein is more detectable at the output .
- IMi-IDA 15 ml previously equilibrated with TRIS to PH8 (50mM) and NaCl (500mM).
- the ACS8 are then eluted with the same buffer solution supplemented with 100mM imidazole and dialyzed (50mM KPhos at pH 8.5) before being concentrated (MILLIPORE AMICON ULTRA DEVICE, 5000MWC0).
- the concentrated (20mg / ml) portion of ACS8 is aliquoted and stored with glycerol at -45 ° C. Purification of the protein is followed by capillary electrophoresis (EXPERION DEVICE - BIO RAD) with a PRO260 chip.
- adenosine deaminase 5 g of lyophilized deaminase powder (SIGMA) are resuspended in a beaker with 90 ml of cold water to which 47 ml of acetone are added. The solution is stirred for 5 minutes at 4 ° C. and then centrifuged for 1 minute at 2000 g. The pellet is mixed with 33 ml of water, stirred for 5 minutes and centrifuged again for 5 minutes at 2000 g. The pellet is discarded and the supernatant is added with 10 ml of ethanol. The solution is stirred for 5 minutes at 4 ° C. and then centrifuged. The supernatant is supplemented with 20 ml of ethanol.
- SIGMA lyophilized deaminase powder
- the solution is gently stirred for 3 hours at 4 ° C.
- the solution is centrifuged for 5 minutes at 7000 g and the pellet is resuspended with 6 ml of water.
- the solution is dialyzed (sodium acetate solution, 5mM, pH5.3) for at least 24 hours and then concentrated (MILLIPORE AMICON ULTRA DEVICE, 5000MWC0) and finally aliquoted into glycerol (5mg / ml) in order to be stored at -45 ° C.
- the enzymatic activity of the various ACS 8 is determined by following the formation of 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) at 265 nm in differential spectroscopy on a Uvikon 940 spectrophotometer (BIOTEK-KONTRON): the measurements are made during the incubation of S adenosyl methionine (60 ⁇ g) in 100mM of KPhos buffer (0.2ml, PH8.5) and deaminase (8 ⁇ g) in the presence or absence of pyridoxal5'-phosphate (0 to 300 ⁇ ). The measurements are made in the quartz cuvettes of the spectrophotometer for 3 minutes at 25 ° C. after the addition of purified enzyme (1 to 2 ⁇ g).
- MTA 5'-methylthioadenosine
- BIOTEK-KONTRON Uvikon 940 spectrophotometer
- the conversion of MTA to inosine derivative is monitored at 265 nm. And the activity specific is expressed in nanomoles of MTA formed per minute and per mg of protein. More particularly, the activity of the sequences SEQ ID No. 6, No. 9 (Cucumis sativus), No. 15 and No. 18 (Cucumis melo) is expressed as a percentage of activity with respect to the sequences SEQ ID No. 3 ( Cucumis sativus) and SEQ ID NO: 12 (Cucumis melo). An identical protocol is used to determine the Vm and Km.
- the inventors have studied the kinetics of appearance of the male flowers for the mutant S295F (10 homozygous plants and 10 plants heterozygous for the mutation) and for the mutant L45F (10 homozygous plants and 10 plants heterozygous for the mutation).
- a plant is used as a control (10 plants):
- the plants are transplanted into fields and then, every morning, they are examined in order to count the number of new male flowers:
- the inventors have also studied the kinetics of the appearance of female flowers for the mutant S295F (10 plants homozygous for the mutation) and for the mutant L45F (10 homozygous plants and 10 plants heterozygous for the mutation).
- a plant is used as a control (10 plants):
- Example 10 Inheritability of the trait The inventors wished to study the transmission of the androic phenotype from one generation to another. However, by the nature of the plants, it is obviously impossible to fertilize an andro plant by itself or by another androic plant.
- the inventors determined the biochemical characteristics of the different isoforms of the enzyme ACS8 in the presence of 5 or 100pm of PLP. It should be noted that the concentration of PLP present in the cell would be of the order of 5 ⁇ .
- the mutant isoforms of cucumber both having a frame shift resulting in the expression of a protein of 151 (SEQ ID No. 6) or 57 amino acids (SEQ ID No. 9) instead of 440, do not show any enzymatic activity.
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Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13703521.8A EP2804470A1 (fr) | 2012-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Cucurbitacees androiques, procedes d'obtention et utilisations de ces cucurbitacees |
| US14/372,239 US10519463B2 (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Androecious cucurbit plants, methods of obtaining and uses of said cucurbit plants |
| AU2013211241A AU2013211241B2 (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Androecious cucurbit plants, methods of obtaining and uses of said cucurbit plants |
| MX2014008648A MX368486B (es) | 2012-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Plantas cucurbitaceas androceas, metodos de obtencion y usos de dichas plantas cucurbitaceas. |
| MA37189A MA37189B1 (fr) | 2012-01-16 | 2014-07-09 | Cucurbitacees androiques, procedes d'obtention et utilisations de ces cucurbitacees |
| IL233588A IL233588B (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2014-07-10 | Androus gourds and a method for obtaining and using them |
| CR20140339A CR20140339A (es) | 2012-01-16 | 2014-07-15 | Cucurbitáceas androicas. procedimientos de obtención y utilizaciones de estas cucurbitáceas |
| US16/676,927 US11236357B2 (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2019-11-07 | Methods of obtaining androecious cucurbit plants |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1200149A FR2985635A1 (fr) | 2012-01-16 | 2012-01-16 | Cucurbitacees androiques, procedes d'obtention et utilisations de ces cucurbitacees |
| FR12/00149 | 2012-01-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US14/372,239 A-371-Of-International US10519463B2 (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Androecious cucurbit plants, methods of obtaining and uses of said cucurbit plants |
| US16/676,927 Division US11236357B2 (en) | 2012-01-16 | 2019-11-07 | Methods of obtaining androecious cucurbit plants |
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| WO2013107632A1 true WO2013107632A1 (fr) | 2013-07-25 |
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| PCT/EP2013/000106 Ceased WO2013107632A1 (fr) | 2012-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | Cucurbitacees androiques, procedes d'obtention et utilisations de ces cucurbitacees |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US10519463B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2804470A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2013211241B2 (fr) |
| CL (1) | CL2014001873A1 (fr) |
| CR (1) | CR20140339A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2985635A1 (fr) |
| GT (1) | GT201400151A (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL233588B (fr) |
| MA (1) | MA37189B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX368486B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013107632A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108651268A (zh) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-10-16 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 一种苦瓜全雌性系的选育方法 |
| WO2022200149A1 (fr) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Nunhems B.V. | Gène de pastèque donnant un grand nombre de fleurs mâles |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108633726B (zh) * | 2018-02-26 | 2021-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 一种苦瓜全雌性株快速鉴定及其留种方法 |
| WO2020025133A1 (fr) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | Rijk Zwaan Zaadteelt En Zaadhandel B.V. | Allèle mutant du gène aco2 |
| CN109182581B (zh) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-11-16 | 大闽食品(漳州)有限公司 | 一种基于特异性分子标记的罗汉果雌雄株快速鉴定的方法 |
| CN114532215B (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-12-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 增加罗汉果雌性种子比例的方法 |
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| FR2900415A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-02 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Systeme genetique pour le controle du developpement du type floral d'une plante dicotyledone, et mise en oeuvre dans les procedes de detection et de selection |
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| CN102395674B (zh) * | 2009-04-14 | 2015-07-29 | 先锋国际良种公司 | 调节acc合酶改善低氮条件下的植物产量 |
-
2012
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- 2013-01-16 MX MX2014008648A patent/MX368486B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-01-16 EP EP13703521.8A patent/EP2804470A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-01-16 US US14/372,239 patent/US10519463B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-16 AU AU2013211241A patent/AU2013211241B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-16 WO PCT/EP2013/000106 patent/WO2013107632A1/fr not_active Ceased
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- 2014-07-10 IL IL233588A patent/IL233588B/en active IP Right Grant
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| FR2900415A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-02 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Systeme genetique pour le controle du developpement du type floral d'une plante dicotyledone, et mise en oeuvre dans les procedes de detection et de selection |
| WO2007125264A2 (fr) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique - Inra | Systeme genetique pour le controle du developpement du type floral d'une plante dicotyledone, et mise en oeuvre dans des procedes de detection et de selection |
| FR2934277A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-01-29 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Combinaison de deux elements genetiques pour le controle du developpement du type floral d'une plante dicotyledone, et mise en oeuvre dans des procedes de detection et de selection |
| WO2010012948A2 (fr) | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-04 | Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique - Inra | Combinaison de deux elements genetiques pour le controle du developpement du type floral d'une plante dicotyledone, et mise en oeuvre dans des procedes de detection et de selection |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108651268A (zh) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-10-16 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | 一种苦瓜全雌性系的选育方法 |
| WO2022200149A1 (fr) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Nunhems B.V. | Gène de pastèque donnant un grand nombre de fleurs mâles |
| US12593768B2 (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2026-04-07 | Nunhems B.V. | Watermelon gene conferring a high number of male flowers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140359896A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
| MX2014008648A (es) | 2015-01-19 |
| IL233588A0 (en) | 2014-08-31 |
| FR2985635A1 (fr) | 2013-07-19 |
| US11236357B2 (en) | 2022-02-01 |
| CR20140339A (es) | 2015-01-13 |
| US10519463B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
| IL233588B (en) | 2018-02-28 |
| MA37189B1 (fr) | 2016-09-30 |
| MX368486B (es) | 2019-10-04 |
| CL2014001873A1 (es) | 2014-10-03 |
| US20200063156A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
| AU2013211241B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
| AU2013211241A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
| GT201400151A (es) | 2015-09-24 |
| MA37189A1 (fr) | 2016-02-29 |
| EP2804470A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 |
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