WO2013143149A1 - 大变形拉力测试系统 - Google Patents

大变形拉力测试系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013143149A1
WO2013143149A1 PCT/CN2012/073423 CN2012073423W WO2013143149A1 WO 2013143149 A1 WO2013143149 A1 WO 2013143149A1 CN 2012073423 W CN2012073423 W CN 2012073423W WO 2013143149 A1 WO2013143149 A1 WO 2013143149A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
large deformation
collet assembly
testing system
test
tensile testing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/073423
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何满潮
杨晓杰
张毅
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China University of Mining and Technology
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing
Original Assignee
China University of Mining and Technology
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing
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Publication date
Application filed by China University of Mining and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing filed Critical China University of Mining and Technology
Priority to PCT/CN2012/073423 priority Critical patent/WO2013143149A1/zh
Priority to US14/388,959 priority patent/US9404821B2/en
Priority to EP12872628.8A priority patent/EP2833112B1/en
Priority to JP2015502049A priority patent/JP6165838B2/ja
Publication of WO2013143149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013143149A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
    • G01L5/08—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands using fluid means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
    • G01M5/0058—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
    • G01N2203/028—One dimensional, e.g. filaments, wires, ropes or cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a large deformation tensile testing machine, in particular to a large deformation tensile testing system for studying the static performance of a constant resistance large deformation anchor (cable) and other common anchors (cables). Background technique
  • CN101858225A a constant resistance large deformation anchor rod disclosed in the Chinese invention patent, on the basis of which a control concept and a technical equipment system for slope reinforcement, landslide and earthquake disaster monitoring and early warning, and underground engineering support are formed,
  • the large deformation problem in geotechnical engineering problems provides a good exploration mode.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a large deformation tensile testing system capable of accurately and effectively testing a large deformation tensile force of a bolt or an anchor cable.
  • a large deformation tensile testing system for testing a large deformation tensile force of a bolt or a cable, wherein the large deformation tensile testing system comprises: a main frame; a rear collet assembly disposed in a longitudinal direction of the main frame a first position; a front collet assembly movably disposed in a second position in a longitudinal direction of the main frame; a stretching device disposed adjacent to an end of the main frame, coupled to the front collet assembly, for The set control mode stretches the sample clamped between the rear collet assembly and the front collet assembly; the monitoring and control device comprises a sensing module, a control module, an analysis module and an output module, and the sensing module is connected In the stretching device, sensing the real-time displacement of the stretching device and the real-time pulling force of the stretching device on the sample, forming real-time displacement data and real-time tensile data, and transmitting the data to the analysis module and the control module; According to the set control mode and the input
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the static deformation parameter of various bolts and anchor cables including the constant resistance large deformation anchor rod can be accurately and effectively obtained by the large deformation tensile test system of the invention, and the force and displacement are drawn. , experimental curves of force and deformation, force and time, and radial and longitudinal directions through calculations and related measurements, large deformation of soft rock, large deformation of rockburst, large deformation of large deformation, large deformation of landslide Large deformation of the earthquake fault provides better support.
  • the large deformation tensile testing system of the present invention can adopt different control modes to realize various mechanical properties testing of various bolts (cables); and has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection and high safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a large deformation tensile testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view showing a large deformation tensile testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 3 to 5 are test curves of the stretching device of the large deformation tensile test system of the present invention. detailed description
  • the large deformation tensile testing system of the embodiment of the present invention can be divided into five according to functions. Most of them, that is, the main frame 1, the front chuck assembly 3, the rear chuck assembly 2, the stretching device 4, and the measuring and controlling device (not shown), the following five parts are respectively described below.
  • the main frame 1 adopts a horizontal frame structure, and the main frame 1 is made of high-quality steel, which has stable material properties, good compression resistance and neat appearance.
  • the stretching device 4 is disposed at one end of the main frame 1. Therefore, for convenience of explanation, in the present specification, for the main frame 1, one end of the stretching device 4 is provided as a front end, and the other end is a rear end. The front and rear of other components are subject to this.
  • the main frame 1 includes two parallel-shaped groove-shaped longitudinal beams 13 and 14 in a U-shaped cross section, and the U-shaped openings of the groove-shaped longitudinal beams 13 and 14 are opposed to each other; the groove-shaped longitudinal beams 13 and 14
  • the lower portion is supported by the front support 15 and the plurality of rear supports 16; wherein, since the upper support 15 supports the piston cylinder 41 in the stretching device 4, the longitudinal length of the front support 15 is greater than Rear support 16.
  • a cross-groove longitudinal beam 13 and groove may be covered between the upper surfaces of the upper wings of the channel-type longitudinal members 13, 14.
  • rails may be arranged on the upper surface of the channel rails 13, 14 and a guide wheel may be arranged at the bottom end of the safety net to facilitate the pushing of the rails on the rails.
  • the front collet assembly 3 and the rear collet assembly 2 are disposed opposite each other, and the outer shape may be the same.
  • the front collet assembly 3 and the rear collet assembly 2 the front collet assembly 3 and the rear The clamps 30, 20 of the collet assembly 2 are respectively disposed on the beams 31, 21, and the two ends of the beams 31, 21 are respectively supported on the upper surfaces of the lower flaps of the slot-type longitudinal beams 13, 14, which can be on the beams 31, 21
  • a guide wheel is disposed on the upper surface of the lower wing to facilitate moving the beams 31, 21.
  • the front collet assembly 3 needs to be moved during the test, and the collet assembly 2 is stationary during the test.
  • the front collet assembly 3 is fixed because it is connected to the piston cylinder 41; and the rear collet assembly 2, in order to be able to clamp specimens of different lengths, the slot-type longitudinal members 13, 14
  • the upper wing plate and the lower wing plate are provided with a plurality of through holes 12 for fixing the rear collet assembly 3, and when fixed, a lead screw matching the diameter of the through hole 12 is passed through the slot type from top to bottom.
  • the through holes 12 of the upper flanges of the beams 13, 14 and the through holes of the cross members 21 and the through holes 12 of the lower side plates 13 and 14 of the troughs are provided with fixing pins on the lead screws, thereby the rear collet assembly 2 fixed.
  • the front collet assembly 3 can also be secured in the same manner as the rear collet assembly 2.
  • the rear collet assembly 2 and the front collet assembly 3 may include a plurality of sets of clamps adapted to different samples to suit the test. Different diameters and shapes. Fixtures can include V-clamps, flat clamps, special fixtures for steel strands, special sleeve clamps for anchors, etc.
  • the tensile testing of various materials such as rods (wires), steel strands, plates, bars, etc., it can be said that the large deformation tensile testing system of the present invention is a universal testing device.
  • the large deformation tensile test system of the present invention can also perform the static performance test at the time of sample compression, and a backing plate 48 is provided on the front end surface of the beam 31, and a backing plate 47 is provided on the rear end surface of the piston oil cylinder 41, which will be The compressed sample is placed between the backing plate 47 and the backing plate 48 to activate the cylinder piston 41 to effect compression of the sample.
  • the chuck components 2 and 3 are made of high-quality steel forged parts.
  • the built-in clamps 20 and 30 can be hydraulically driven hydraulic clamps, which can be controlled by manual button boxes to facilitate the clamping of samples and improve work efficiency.
  • the stretching device 4 includes a connecting cart 43, a pair of lead screws 42 and a piston cylinder 41, and the lead screw 42 is fixedly coupled to the connection of the connecting cart 43 on both sides of the cross member 31 of the front collet assembly 3. Between the plates 430, the two lead screws 42 are symmetrical with respect to the piston cylinder 41.
  • the cylinder of the piston cylinder 41 is fixedly connected to the front end of the main frame 1.
  • the piston rod of the piston cylinder 41 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 430, and the piston rod is away from the main body.
  • the direction of the frame 1 is extended, and a gear reduction unit is arranged on the connecting trolley 43.
  • the gear reduction unit includes a beam motor 48, which can automatically adjust the screw stroke to facilitate the tensile test.
  • a beam motor 48 which can automatically adjust the screw stroke to facilitate the tensile test.
  • the gear reduction unit 48 can be used for the beam 31. The position is fine-tuned so that fine-tuning of the screw stroke can be achieved and more samples can be accommodated.
  • the stretching device 4 stretches the sample held between the rear collet assembly 2 and the front collet assembly 3 by the driving of the lead screw 42 in a set control manner.
  • the tensile force of the piston cylinder 41 is controlled by a set control method that is related to the test item to be performed.
  • the bottom end of the connecting cart 43 is provided with a roller 46 which is capable of rolling on a set track 40 which is longitudinally parallel to the main frame 1.
  • a square housing 44 covering the piston rod of the piston cylinder 41 may be provided at the front end of the main frame 1.
  • a retractable dust cover 45 can be disposed, and the dust cover 45 can be extended or shortened as the piston rod expands and contracts.
  • the piston cylinder 41 may be referred to as a main working cylinder, and the front clamp assembly 3 and the rear clamp assembly 2 may have a sub-cylinder for powering the clamped sample.
  • the piston cylinder 41 is the core component of the complete set of equipment. It is made of forged parts and has excellent quality assurance.
  • the piston in the piston cylinder 41 can adopt the internal static pressure bearing mechanism to play the suspension of the piston.
  • a hydraulic buffering device may be provided inside the cylinder of the piston cylinder 41 to prevent the piston cylinder 41 from being impacted when the sample is broken, thereby avoiding damage to any components. Can also be taken in the stretching device 4 Force value over-limit protection; Pressure over-limit protection; Displacement over-limit protection; Over-current, over-voltage protection; Limit protection, etc., to avoid human-induced failure.
  • the hydraulic source of the piston cylinder 41 can be a servo hydraulic source, and the hydraulic oil that is pumped out enters the flow fitting through the oil filter.
  • the oil entering the distribution seat is used to control the test force of the main cylinder through the servo proportional valve.
  • the pressure of the oil reaches the pressure set by the relief valve, the excess oil overflows through the overflow valve and flows back to the tank.
  • the pressure of the system can be observed at any time through a pressure gauge.
  • a separate auxiliary oil pump is used to control the hydraulic chuck, and the main working cylinder does not interfere with each other.
  • the fuel tank of the servo hydraulic source adopts a closed fuel tank to avoid secondary pollution.
  • the oil filter can be used in the system with a filtration precision of 10um to filter out impurities in the oil. For long-term use, the oil filter will be blocked due to excessive impurities. Therefore, the oil filter core should be replaced according to the specific conditions, thus ensuring the cleanness of the oil circuit system and improving the service life of each hydraulic component.
  • the air cooler is configured to automatically open above the set temperature to limit the oil temperature rise, so that the hydraulic system is always in the best working condition.
  • the closed-loop control of the stretching device 4 can adopt a servo proportional valve, and by changing the voltage signal of the controller to change the amount and direction of the oil flowing through the high-frequency servo proportional valve, the equivalent test force (equal displacement) of the piston cylinder 41 can be achieved. Load, test force (displacement) hold, equal test force (equal displacement) Unloading control to complete different test items.
  • the above functions are true closed-loop control, which is not affected by the external environment and guarantees the accuracy of the test.
  • the high-frequency servo proportional valve has strong anti-pollution and the system stability is greatly improved.
  • the servo hydraulic source can be configured with a load-sensing system to ensure that the outlet pressure and load pressure of the pump are matched during low-pressure operation.
  • the difference between the two is only the throttle pressure difference, which is about IMPa, and the excess hydraulic oil is in the ratio.
  • the load pressure is higher than IMPa, the load is sensitive to the valve port to return to the fuel tank, which reduces the power loss of the overflow under high pressure, reduces the heating of the system, reduces the noise of the system, and achieves the purpose of energy saving.
  • the service life of the hydraulic parts is improved, the leakage of the system is reduced, and the stability of the system is greatly improved.
  • the large deformation tensile test system of the invention has a maximum test force of the tensile device 4 for the sample up to 500 kN, and the test force is not divided, and the stepless speed change; the cylinder piston 41 is formed up to 1200 mm, the lead screw (screw) 41)
  • the stroke can be between 0-1000mm and the tensile specimen can be 0-1100mm.
  • the measurement and control device can be subdivided into a sensing module, a control module, an analysis module, and an output module.
  • the sensing module is connected to the stretching device 4, sensing the real-time displacement of the piston rod in the stretching device 4 and the real-time pulling force of the stretching device on the sample, forming real-time displacement data and real-time tensile data; sending to the control module Control and send to the analysis module for analysis to form test results.
  • Control module used to control the normal progress of the test process.
  • the control module can include a console, a control box, and a hand Holding control box. Most of the components of the control module can be placed on a console that is provided with buttons for controlling the test and a display for displaying the test results.
  • the main power switch can be set on the side of the console, and the control box can be placed on the table.
  • the control panel has an emergency stop button for controlling the piston cylinder 41 to stop urgently, a start/stop button for controlling the piston cylinder 41, and a control auxiliary oil pump.
  • the start/stop button, temperature control table, etc. are very convenient to operate.
  • a computer can also be set in the console.
  • the monitor of the computer is also set on the table of the console.
  • the test control mode can be selected through the display of the computer, and the analysis result can also be output.
  • a plurality of test control modes can be selected before the test starts.
  • various control rates and control functions can be switched to each other, for example, a speed control such as a test force can be selected (for example, each In the minute, a test force of 5KN is applied, a displacement such as displacement (for example, a displacement of 1 mm per minute), a constant test force, a constant deformation, and a constant displacement rate are used to perform a large deformation tensile test of the sample.
  • control module controls the test conditions in real time by accepting the real-time data fed back by the displacement sensor, load sensor (pressure sensor), and deformation sensor to meet the test requirements.
  • the function of the control module also includes the control of the hydraulic clamp 30.
  • the clamp 30 can be controlled by a push button switch on the hand-held control box.
  • the beam control button is a click-by-point control mode, and the jaw clamp is used. And release as a self-locking button, press to the working state, release to the stop state.
  • the control box is used to provide overall control of the circuitry of the large deformation tensile testing system of the present invention, which can be placed separately between the main frame 1 and the console.
  • the analysis module is usually completed by running a data analysis program from a computer in the console. For the data collected according to the test requirements, the analysis is performed according to the general analysis method in the field, and the test result is obtained, and the output module outputs.
  • the output of the output module has two main aspects, one is the output of the test result, and the other is the output of the test intermediate data.
  • the test results can be output through the monitor and stored in the hard disk of the computer or output via an external display. For testing intermediate data, it can also be output in real time through a computer monitor and an external display.
  • test process and force-time curve and force-displacement are displayed in real time by the screen. , force-deformation curve, etc.
  • the test report and curve are printed by the printer.
  • the control module can realize the automatic control of the test process by the computer, and can also be manually controlled by a computer.
  • the following is a brief introduction to the specific operation steps of the large deformation tensile test system of the present invention:
  • the test is performed. During the test, the sample is clamped between the jig 30 and the jig 20, and the position of the jig 20 is fixed, and the jig 30 is moved to the left side in Fig. 1 by the piston cylinder 41.
  • the piston rod of the piston cylinder 41 extends to the left side to drive the connecting cart 43 to move, and the connecting cart 43 drives the lead screw 42 to also move to the left side, so that the beam 31 moves to the left side so as to be clamped between the clamp 20 and the clamp 30.
  • the sample is subjected to a large deformation pulling force, and the sensing device senses the real-time displacement of the piston rod of the piston cylinder 41 by the wire-type encoder, and the deformation of the test sample is sensed by the large deformation in the sensing device.
  • test curve force-time curve
  • the input axial design value is 60kN
  • the total test time is 5.25 hours.
  • the unit of force on the vertical axis is kN
  • the unit of time on the horizontal axis is minutes.
  • the test curve indicates that the sample can maintain its static performance under a tensile force of 90 kN or less. Under a 90 kN tensile force, the constant resistance material on the sample is separated from the anchor after a certain time, and the test is finished.
  • test curve force-time curve of a permanent anchor creep test.
  • the input axial design value is 60kN, and the total test time is 5.25 hours.
  • the unit of force on the vertical axis is kN, and the unit of time on the horizontal axis is hour.
  • the test curve indicates that the sample can maintain its static performance under a tensile force of 90 kN or less. Under a 90 kN tensile force, the constant resistance material on the sample is separated from the anchor after a certain time, and the test is finished.
  • Fig. 5 it is a test curve (force-displacement curve) of a bolt tensile test.
  • the control mode is the displacement control mode.
  • the unit of the force on the vertical axis is kN
  • the unit of displacement on the horizontal axis is mm.
  • the test curve indicates that the sample can maintain its static performance when the displacement is below 900 mm, and after the displacement exceeds 900 mm, the constant resistance material on the sample is separated from the anchor, and the test is finished.

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Abstract

一种大变形拉力测试系统,用于测试锚杆或锚索的大变形拉力,包括主机架(1),后夹头组件(2),设置于主机架(1)纵向的第一位置,前夹头组件(3),可移动地设置于主机架(1)纵向的第二位置;拉伸装置(4);测控装置,其感测模块感测拉伸装置的位移与实时拉力,形成实时数据传送给分析模块及控制模块,控制模块,按照设定的测控方式及感测模块的输入,控制测试过程按照设定的测试条件进行,分析模块分析感测模块的输入,形成测试结果,有输出模块输出。该大变形拉力测试系统可以得出被测锚杆或锚索的静力学参数。

Description

大变形拉力测试系统 技术领域
本发明涉及大变形拉力试验机, 尤其涉及一种用于室内研究恒阻大变形锚杆(索) 以 及其他普通锚杆 (索) 的静力学性能的大变形拉力测试系统。 背景技术
近年来, 随着国民经济的高速发展, 各行各业对能源需求日益增加, 我国露天矿山目 前已经陆续进入深部开采阶段, 在矿山、 水利、 交通等领域涉及大量边坡、 活动性断层、 洞室围岩稳定性问题。
目前我国正处于各项工程建设高速发展的时期,矿产资源开采和地下工程建设过程中 也出现了许多灾害: 如岩爆、 冲击地压、 塌方等灾害。 对于发生在高陡边坡及巷道围岩稳 定中出现的自然灾害和工程灾害的控制, 主要依靠传统预应力锚杆(索)加固体系及其衍 生支挡结构工程。 然而, 由于大部分岩土体加固结构失稳是弹塑性大变形问题, 基于传统 预应力锚杆(索)体系的支护和加固理念已经无法适应岩土体(边坡岩体、 隧道围岩) 的 大变形演变规律, 导致巷道支护过程中出现部分锚杆端部断裂、 锚索 (杆) 中部断裂、 支 护区域多次返修、 钢架扭曲破坏失效等事故。
针对上述问题, 在以柔克刚, 刚柔相济哲学思想的启迪下, 何满潮教授提出了恒阻大 变形新材料的设计构思, 并研发了一种新型锚杆 阻大变形材料 (例如公开号为
CN101858225A的中国发明专利所公开的一种恒阻大变形锚杆) , 在此基础上形成了边坡 加固、 滑坡和地震灾害监测预警、 地下工程支护整套的控制理念和技术装备体系, 为解决 岩土工程问题中的大变形问题提供了一种良好的探索模式。
在恒阻大变形锚杆(索)研发以后, 需要一种大变形拉力测试系统, 以更好的对恒阻 大变形锚杆(索) 的力学特性进行系统测试与研究, 并对其力学性能在相同的实验条件下 与普通的变形锚杆(索)进行比较, 通过实验, 以得出包括恒阻大变形锚索在内的待测试 锚杆(索) 的静力学参数, 绘制力与位移、 力与变形、 力与时间等相关实验曲线, 以及通 过计算与相关测量, 对软岩大变形、 冲击 (岩爆) 大变形、 突出大变形、 滑坡大变形、 发 震断层大变形提供更好的支护。 发明内容 针对现有技术中存在的问题, 本发明的目的在于提供一种能够准确、有效测试锚杆或 锚索的大变形拉力的大变形拉力测试系统。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种大变形拉力测试系统, 用于测试锚杆或锚索的大变形拉力, 其特征在于, 所述大 变形拉力测试系统包括: 主机架; 后夹头组件, 设置于所述主机架纵向的第一位置; 前夹 头组件, 可移动的设置于所述主机架纵向的第二位置; 拉伸装置, 靠近于所述主机架的一 端设置, 连接于所述前夹头组件, 用于按照设定的控制方式拉伸夹持于所述后夹头组件与 所述前夹头组件之间的试样; 测控装置, 包括感测模块、控制模块、分析模块和输出模块, 感测模块连接于所述拉伸装置,感测所述拉伸装置的实时位移与拉伸装置对所述试样的实 时拉力, 形成实时位移数据与实时拉力数据, 传送给分析模块及控制模块; 控制模块, 按 照设定的控制方式及所述感测模块的输入, 控制测试过程按照设定的测试条件进行; 分析 模块分析所述感测模块的输入, 形成测试结果, 由输出模块输出。
本发明的有益效果在于, 通过本发明的大变形拉力测试系统, 可以准确、 有效的得出 包括恒阻大变形锚杆在内的各类锚杆和锚索的静力学参数, 绘制出力与位移、 力与变形、 力与时间等相关实验曲线, 以及通过计算与相关测量, 对径向和长度方向进行研究, 对软 岩大变形、 冲击 (岩爆) 大变形、 突出大变形、 滑坡大变形、 发震断层大变形提供更好的 支护。
进而,本发明的大变形拉力测试系统, 可以采用不同的控制方式, 实现多种锚杆(索) 的多种方式的力学性能测试; 且具有节能环保的优点及较高的安全性。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例的大变形拉力测试系统的俯视示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例的大变形拉力测试系统的主视示意图;
图 3-图 5为本发明的大变形拉力测试系统的拉伸装置的测试曲线图。 具体实施方式
体现本发明特征与优点的典型实施例将在以下的说明中详细叙述。应理解的是本发明 能够在不同的实施例上具有各种的变化, 其皆不脱离本发明的范围, 且其中的说明及附图 在本质上是当作说明之用, 而非用以限制本发明。
如图 1和图 2所示, 本发明实施例的大变形拉力测试系统, 可以按照功能来区分为五 大部分, 即主机架 1、前夹头组件 3、后夹头组件 2、拉伸装置 4、测控装置(图中未示出), 以下分别介绍上述五大部分。
1、 主机架
本发明的大变形拉力测试系统, 其主机架 1采用卧式框架结构, 主机架 1均选用优质 钢材, 使其材料性能稳定, 抗压性能好, 外观整齐美观。
拉伸装置 4是设置在主机架 1的一端, 因此, 为说明方便, 本说明书中, 对于主机架 1, 以设置拉伸装置 4的一端为前端, 反之一端为后端。 其他部件的前后也以此为准。
如图 1和图 2所示, 主机架 1包括两平行设置的截面为 U形的槽型纵梁 13、 14, 槽 型纵梁 13、 14的 U形开口相对; 槽型纵梁 13、 14的下方由前支座 15和多个后支座 16 所支撑; 其中, 由于前支座 15的上方支撑的是拉伸装置 4中的活塞油缸的 41, 因此前支 座 15的纵向长度要大于后支座 16。
为了保证测试的安全进行, 防止由于试样突然折断等情况所造成的损害, 在槽型纵梁 13、 14的上翼板的上表面之间可以罩设一横跨槽型纵梁 13与槽型纵梁 14的安全防护网, 为了便于移动该安全防护网, 可以在槽型纵梁 13、 14的上表面设置轨道, 在安全防护网 底端设置导轮, 以在该轨道上轻松推动该安全防护网。
2、 前夹头组件和后夹头组件
如图 1和图 2所示, 前夹头组件 3和后夹头组件 2相对设置, 外形可以相同, 为了便 于前夹头组件 3和后夹头组件 2的移动, 前夹头组件 3和后夹头组件 2的夹具 30、 20分 别设置于横梁 31、 21上, 横梁 31、 21的两端分别支撑在槽型纵梁 13、 14的下翼板的上 表面上, 可以在横梁 31、 21下翼板的上表面上设置导轮以便于移动横梁 31、 21。
不同的是, 前夹头组件 3在测试过程中是需要移动的, 而后夹头组件 2在测试过程中 是固定不动的。 而在测试之前, 前夹头组件 3由于要与活塞油缸 41相连接, 因此是固定 不动的; 而后夹头组件 2, 为了能够夹持不同长度的试样, 槽型纵梁 13、 14的上翼板与下 翼板上设置有多个用于固定后夹头组件 3的通孔 12, 在固定时, 用一与通孔 12直径相匹 配的丝杠自上到下穿过槽型纵梁 13、 14上翼板的通孔 12、 横梁 21上的通孔、 槽型纵梁 13、 14下翼板的通孔 12, 在上述丝杠上穿设固定销, 从而将后夹头组件 2固定。 前夹头 组件 3也可以采取与后夹头组件 2相同的固定方式进行固定。
除了长度不同的试样以外, 为了增加本发明实施例的大变形拉力测试系统的通用性, 后夹头组件 2和前夹头组件 3均可包括多套适应不同试样的夹具, 以适应试样的不同直径 和形状。 夹具可包括 V型夹、 平型夹具、 钢绞线专用夹具、 锚杆专用套筒夹具等, 可做锚 杆 (索) 、 钢绞线、 板材、 棒材等各种材料拉伸测试, 因此可以说, 本发明的大变形拉力 测试系统, 是一种万能型试验设备。
另外, 本发明的大变形拉力测试系统, 还可以进行试样压缩时的静力学性能测试, 在 横梁 31的前端表面设置垫板 48, 在活塞油缸 41的后端表面设置垫板 47, 将待压缩试样 置于垫板 47和垫板 48之间, 启动油缸活塞 41, 即可实现对试样的压缩。
夹头组件 2、 3均采用优质钢材锻造件, 内置的夹具 20、 30可为液压驱动的液压夹具, 可通过手动按钮盒控制, 方便夹持试样, 提高了工作效率。
3、 拉伸装置
如图 1和图 2所示, 拉伸装置 4包括连接小车 43、 一对丝杠 42和活塞油缸 41, 丝杠 42固定连接于前夹头组件 3的横梁 31两侧与连接小车 43的连接板 430之间, 两丝杠 42 相对于活塞油缸 41左右对称, 活塞油缸 41的缸体固定连接于主机架 1的前端, 活塞油缸 41 的活塞杆固定连接于连接板 430, 活塞杆向远离主机架 1 的方向伸出, 在连接小车 43 上配置了齿轮减速机组, 齿轮减速机组包括一横梁电机 48, 可自动调节丝杠行程, 方便进 行拉伸测试。 对于后夹头组件 2的位置调整, 由于通孔 12的间隔是固定的, 因此无法实 现对前夹头组件 2和后夹头组件 3之间距离的微调,而齿轮减速机组 48可以对横梁 31的 位置进行微调, 因此可以实现丝杠行程的微调, 可以适应更多的试样。
拉伸装置 4按照设定的控制方式通过丝杠 42的传动来拉伸夹持于后夹头组件 2与前 夹头组件 3之间的试样。 活塞油缸 41的拉伸力由设定的控制方式进行控制, 该控制方式 和所要进行的测试项目相关。
如图 1所示,连接小车 43的底端设置有滚轮 46,滚轮 46能够在与主机架 1纵向平行 的设置的轨道 40上滚动。
为了便于使活塞油缸 41的活塞杆不受外界影响的良好工作, 可以在主机架 1前端设 置罩住活塞油缸 41活塞杆的正方体壳体 44。 同时, 活塞油缸 41的活塞杆与连接小车 43 的连接板 430之间, 还可套设可伸缩的防尘罩 45, 防尘罩 45可以随着活塞杆的伸缩而伸 长或缩短。
本发明实施例的大变形拉力测试系统, 活塞油缸 41可以称为主工作油缸, 在前夹具 组件 3和后夹具组件 2中可以有副油缸, 用于为夹持试样提供动力。 活塞油缸 41是整套 设备的核心部件, 采用锻造件, 有极佳的质量保证, 活塞油缸 41 中的活塞可以采用内静 压轴承机构, 起到活塞的悬浮作用。 另外活塞油缸 41 的油缸内部可有液压缓冲装置, 以 防止因试样断裂时对活塞油缸 41产生冲击, 避免损坏任何部件。 拉伸装置 4中还可采取 力值超限保护; 压力超限保护; 位移超限保护; 过流、 过压保护; 限位保护等, 避免人为 造成的故障。
活塞油缸 41 的液压源可为伺服液压源, 其打出的液压油经过滤油器进入配流座。 进 入配流座的油经伺服比例阀用于对主油缸试验力的控制, 当油液的压力达到溢流阀调定的 压力时, 多余的油经溢流阀溢流后流回油箱。 系统的压力通过压力表可随时观察到。 为了 保证夹持试样的可靠性, 采用单独的副油泵控制液压夹头, 与主工作油缸工作互不干涉。
伺服液压源的油箱采用封闭式油箱, 避免了二次污染, 在系统中可使用滤油器, 过滤 精度为 10um, 用以过滤掉油液中的杂质。 长期使用, 滤油器会因存有过多的杂质而堵塞, 因此, 应根据具体情况更换滤油芯, 这样保证油路系统的清洁, 提高了各液压元件的使用 寿命。 同时配置了风冷却器, 超过设定温度自动开启, 限制油温升高, 使液压系统总处于 最佳工作状态。
拉伸装置 4的闭环控制可采用伺服比例阀,通过改变控制器的电压信号改变流过高频 响伺服比例阀的油量和方向, 可实现对的活塞油缸 41 的等试验力 (等位移) 加载、 试验 力 (位移)保持、 等试验力 (等位移) 卸载的控制, 以完成不同的测试项目。 以上功能是 真正的闭环控制, 不受外界环境影响, 保证试验的准确性。 同时, 高频响伺服比例阀抗污 染性较强, 系统稳定性得到很大提高。
伺服液压源可配置负载敏感系统,保证高压系统在低压工作时泵的出口压力和负载压 力匹配, 两者的差值仅仅为节流阀口压差, 大约为 IMPa, 多余的液压油均在比负载压力 高于 IMPa下经负载敏感阀口回到油箱, 减少了在高压下溢流的功率损失, 减少了系统的 发热, 减小了系统的噪音, 达到节能的目的。 同时, 由于发热小, 提高了液压件的使用寿 命, 减少了系统泄露, 使系统稳定性大大提高。
本发明的大变形拉力测试系统, 其拉伸装置 4对试样的最大试验力可达 500kN, 且试 验力不分档, 无级变速; 油缸活塞 41的形成可达 1200mm, 丝杠 (丝杠 41 ) 的行程可在 0-1000mm之间, 可拉伸试样 0-1100mm。
4、 测控装置
测控装置可以细分为感测模块、 控制模块、 分析模块和输出模块。
感测模块连接于拉伸装置 4, 感测拉伸装置 4中的活塞杆的实时位移与拉伸装置对所 述试样的实时拉力, 形成实时位移数据与实时拉力数据; 发送给控制模块进行控制, 并发 送给分析模块进行分析, 以形成测试结果。
控制模块, 用于控制测试过程的正常进行。 控制模块可以包括操作台、 控制电箱及手 持式控制盒。控制模块的大部分部件均可设置在一操作台上, 所述操作台上设置有用于控 制所述测试的按键与显示所述测试结果的显示屏。操作台的侧面可设置总电源开关等, 操 作台的台面上可放置控制箱, 控制箱面板上有控制活塞油缸 41 急停的急停按钮、 控制活 塞油缸 41的启动 /停止按钮、 控制副油泵的启动 /停止按钮、 温控表等, 操作非常方便。 操 作台内还可以设置一电脑, 电脑的显示器也设置在操作台的台面上, 可通过电脑的显示, 对测试控制方式进行选择, 也可以输出分析结果等。
本发明的大变形拉力测试系统, 在测试开始前, 可以选择多个测试控制方式, 在测试 过程中, 各种控制速率及控制功能均可以互相切换, 例如可选择试验力等速度控制(例如 每分钟施加 5KN的试验力) 、 位移等速度控制 (例如每分钟 lmm的位移) 、 恒试验力、 恒变形、 恒位移速率等多种控制方式, 来进行试样的大变形拉力测试。
测试过程中, 控制模块通过接受位移传感器、 负荷传感器 (压力传感器), 和变形传感 器所反馈的实时数据, 来对测试条件进行实时控制, 以满足测试要求。
除了测试过程的控制外, 控制模块的作用还包括对液压的夹具 30的控制, 夹具 30可 由手持式控制盒上的按钮开关来进行控制, 横梁控制按钮为点按式控制方式, 钳口夹持和 松开为自锁按钮, 按下为工作状态, 松开为停止状态。
控制电箱用于对本发明的大变形拉力测试系统的电路进行总控制,控制电箱可单独放 置在主机架 1和操作台之间。
分析模块, 通常由操作台中的电脑运行数据分析程序来完成, 对于按照测试要求采集 来的数据, 按照本领域的通行分析方法进行分析, 进而得出测试结果, 由输出模块进行输 出。
输出模块的输出, 主要有两个方面, 一个是测试结果的输出, 一个是测试中间数据的 输出。 测试结果可以通过显示器输出, 并将测试数据存储于电脑的硬盘中, 也可以通过外 接的显示屏进行输出。而对于测试中间数据, 也可以通过电脑显示器和外接显示屏实时输 出。
由于采用了电脑控制, 几乎所有操作均在中文虚拟面板上进行, 操作直观便捷, 轻松 完成试验参数设置、 试验控制、 数据分析与处理; 由屏幕实时显示测试过程和力-时间曲 线、 力一位移、 力一变形曲线等。 并由打印机打印试验报告及曲线。
控制模块既可以实现电脑对测试过程的自动控制, 还可通过计算机进行手动控制。 以下简单介绍一下本发明的大变形拉力测试系统的具体操作步骤:
1 ) 启动操作台中的电脑; 2) 启动控制部分: 检查油源, 打开总电源开关, 按下副油泵启动按钮;
3 ) 安装夹具 30、 20 (安装是要确认副油泵处于静止状态) , 夹持试样, 试样夹持部 分一定超过夹具 20、 30的 1/2位置;
4) 把安全防护网推到试样正上方的位置;
5 ) 打开控制模块中的相应控制软件, 新建一个测试项目项目, 输入相关测试控制方 式的选项信息;
6)进行测试, 测试时,试样夹持在夹具 30和夹具 20之间, 夹具 20的位置固定不动, 而夹具 30在活塞油缸 41的带动下向图 1中的左侧移动。 活塞油缸 41的活塞杆向左侧伸 出, 带动连接小车 43移动, 连接小车 43带动丝杠 42也向左侧移动, 从而横梁 31向左侧 移动, 使得夹持于夹具 20与夹具 30之间的试样受到大变形拉力, 感测装置通过拉线式编 码器来感测活塞油缸 41 的活塞杆的实时位移, 由感测装置中的大变形引伸计感测试样的 变形。
测试结束后, 按下操作台上的停止键, 并保存测试数据;
7) 卸下试样, 并把活塞油缸 41退回;
8) 切断电源
通过本发明的大变形拉力测试系统, 可以对锚杆(索)进行多种测试, 例如锚杆基本 性能测试、 临时锚杆蠕变测试、 永久锚杆蠕变测试、 锚杆松弛测试、 锚杆拉伸测试等。 举 例说明测试结果如下:
如图 3所示, 其为一个临时锚杆蠕变测试的测试曲线图 (力 -时间曲线) , 该测试中, 输入轴向设计值 60kN, 测试总用时 5.25小时。 图 3中, 纵轴上力的单位为 kN, 横轴上时 间的单位为分钟。 该测试曲线表示试样在 90kN以下的拉力下能够保持其静力学性能, 而 在 90kN拉力下, 一定时间后, 试样上的恒阻材料脱离锚杆, 测试结束。
如图 4所示, 其为一个永久锚杆蠕变测试的测试曲线图 (力 -时间曲线) , 该测试中, 输入轴向设计值 60kN, 测试总用时 5.25小时。 图 4中, 纵轴上力的单位为 kN, 横轴上时 间的单位为小时。 该测试曲线表示试样在 90kN以下的拉力下能够保持其静力学性能, 而 在 90kN拉力下, 一定时间后, 试样上的恒阻材料脱离锚杆, 测试结束。
如图 5 所示, 其为一个锚杆拉伸测试的测试曲线图 (力 -位移曲线) , 该测试中, 控 制方式为位移控制方式。 图 5中, 纵轴上力的单位为 kN, 横轴上位移的单位为毫米。 该 测试曲线表示试样在 900mm以下的位移时, 能够保持其静力学性能, 而位移超过 900mm 后, 试样上的恒阻材料脱离锚杆, 测试结束。 本发明的技术方案已由优选实施例揭示如上。本领域技术人员应当意识到在不脱离本 发明所附的权利要求所揭示的本发明的范围和精神的情况下所作的更动与润饰,均属本发 明的权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1.一种大变形拉力测试系统, 用于测试锚杆或锚索的大变形拉力, 其特征在于, 所述 大变形拉力测试系统包括:
主机架;
后夹头组件, 设置于所述主机架纵向的第一位置;
前夹头组件, 可移动的设置于所述主机架纵向的第二位置;
拉伸装置, 靠近于所述主机架的一端设置, 连接于所述前夹头组件, 用于按照设定的 控制方式拉伸夹持于所述后夹头组件与所述前夹头组件之间的试样;
测控装置, 包括感测模块、 控制模块、 分析模块和输出模块, 感测模块连接于所述拉 伸装置, 感测所述拉伸装置的实时位移与拉伸装置对所述试样的实时拉力, 形成实时位移 数据与实时拉力数据, 传送给分析模块及控制模块; 控制模块, 按照设定的控制方式及所 述感测模块的输入, 控制测试过程按照设定的测试条件进行; 分析模块分析所述感测模块 的输入, 形成测试结果, 由输出模块输出。
2.如权利要求 1所述的大变形拉力测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述拉伸装置通过活塞油 缸来拉伸所述试样, 所述前夹头组件和所述后夹头组件的夹持所述试样的夹具为液压夹 具。
3.如权利要求 1或 2所述的大变形拉力测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述感测模块包括用 于测量变形的大变形引伸计及用于测量所述活塞油缸位移的拉线式编码器。
4.如权利要求 2所述的大变形拉力测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述后夹头组件和所述前 夹头组件均包括多套适应不同试样的夹具。
5.如权利要求 2所述的大变形拉力测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述主机架包括两平行设 置的截面为 U形的槽型纵梁, 两所述槽型纵梁的 U形开口相对; 所述拉伸装置包括连接 小车、一对丝杠和所述活塞油缸, 所述一对丝杠连接于所述前夹头组件与所述连接小车的 连接板之间, 所述活塞油缸的缸体固定连接于所述主机架的一端, 所述活塞油缸的活塞杆 连接于所述连接板, 所述活塞杆向远离所述主机架的方向伸出。
6.如权利要求 5所述的大变形拉力测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述槽型纵梁的上翼板与 下翼板上均匀分布有多个用于固定所述后夹头组件的通孔。
7.如权利要求 6所述的大变形拉力测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述连接小车的底端设置 有滚轮, 与所述主机架纵向平行的设置有供所述滚轮滚动的轨道。
8.如权利要求 1所述的大变形拉力测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述主机架的上方还罩设 有安全防护网。
9.如权利要求 1所述的大变形拉力测试系统, 其特征在于, 所述测控装置还包括一操 作台, 所述操作台上设置有控制按键与显示所述测试结果的显示屏。
10.如权利要求 1所述的大变形拉力测试系统,其特征在于,所述活塞油缸的后端表面 设置有第一垫板, 所述前夹头组件的前端表面设置有第二垫板, 以将试样置于所述第一垫 板与所述第二垫板之间进行压缩测试。
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