Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
  • F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
  • F26B11/16—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices the stirring device moving in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
  • F26B17/24—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by shooting or throwing the materials, e.g. after which the materials are subject to impact
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
  • F26B23/001—Heating arrangements using waste heat
  • F26B23/002—Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
  • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
  • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying goods
  • F26B2200/18—Sludges, e.g. sewage, waste, industrial processes, cooling towers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for reducing the liquid content of a substrate according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a device for the thermal treatment of a moist substrate according to the preamble of claim 10.
• the invention also relates to a method for the thermal treatment of a moist substrate according to the preamble of claim 19 ,
• the above-mentioned substrate may be a liquid in general, a liquid in the form of a solution or suspension containing dry matter components such as manure or digestate.
• the present invention relates in part to previously filed inventions, complements and extends them on the one hand, on the other hand, it adds them together to form a new overall system.
• the main application concerns the processing of liquid solutions into dry powder.
• the overall scheme of the evaporation process is shown in Figure 1 and is described on the basis of the evaporation of digestate of a biogas plant, but is not limited to this application.
• the fermentation residues, coming from the biogas plant are pumped into a buffer tank (1). From there they are pumped in portions into smaller neutralization tanks (2) equipped with stirrers where possible, in which the ammonia is neutralized, or otherwise a desirable pretreatment is carried out.
• the neutralization containers are shown in duplicate, since they also serve as output containers for the subsequent process, so that while in one container is neutralized, from the other the evaporation process can be fed.
• This buffer, neutralization and output container combination can be carried out in this way or analogously, as best fits in the application context.
• the substrate (3) to be thickened is heated in a first step.
• the heat of the CHP cooling water is used for this (4), but also part of the recovered heat, in this case in the form of warmed condensate. sat (5).
• the substrate heat exchanger is divided into two parts accordingly. In the first heat exchanger part (6), the recovered heat is used, in a second (7), the usually warmer primary heat. In this case: the cooling water heat of the CHP (4), in another case, what is available.
• the substrate is heated in countercurrent in a double tube (8), with the heating water outside and the substrate to be heated flowing inside.
• a cleaning device (9) is also attached, which can be designed according to any common principle. In the present case, a rotating axis was chosen to which wipers have been attached. In this way, the purity and the best possible replacement is guaranteed at all times, regardless of the heat load, the flow rate and the composition of the substrate.
• the cleaning device can also be configured as a turbulator, ie with corresponding elements which swirl the flow of the substrate and thereby lead to a more intensive heat exchange.
• the area, but also the residence time can be extended by the combination of several such tubes.
• the tubes can also be grouped as single tubes on floors be pumped and the heating water in the opposite direction from floor to floor.
• the next step is the evaporation of the water in a Zerstäubungsein- unit (10), as shown in Figure 3.
• a Zerstäubungsein- unit 10
• FIG. 3 In the patent application 585/12 different types of atomization were presented, which can all find application.
• all types of "brush” -like devices one or more devices
• roller brushes as used in cleaning machines, or as found in car washes by "splitting" the water through the bristles, thrown away by gravity or “dragged” by the inertia of the bristles and distributed in space, but also rigid devices are possible.
• the evaporation process takes place in such a sputtering unit by the heated substrate along the spin shaft in one direction, the gaseous evaporation medium, in this case fresh air (drawing 1, (17)), in the other.
• the fresh air enters the evaporation unit serving as evaporator (Drawing 1, (18)) absorbs moisture in the droplet-reaction space (Drawing 3, (13)), but wishes to cool, but strikes the more and more warmer droplets on the way through the evaporator atomization unit heat them up over their own surface.
• Drawing 1, (18) absorbs moisture in the droplet-reaction space (Drawing 3, (13)), but wishes to cool, but strikes the more and more warmer droplets on the way through the evaporator atomization unit heat them up over their own surface.
• an identical atomization unit (drawing 1, (19)) can be used, which works according to the exactly opposite principle.
• the coolant used is a liquid, in the present case, cooled condensate (Drawing 1, (5)).
• the warm and saturated air enters at one end and encounters, on its way through the droplet reaction space (Drawing 3, (13)), ever-decreasing droplets thrown up from the liquid medium moving in the opposite direction the heat contained in it.
• a maximum heated condensate mixture the one that served as a coolant, the other, which is fresh from the saturated air added
• the other end a maximum of cooled air.
• the heated condensate is used in the substrate heat exchanger (drawing 1, (6)) as a heating medium through which the recovered heat is returned to the substrate circuit.
• the heat exchanger with the primary heat source ((drawing 1, (7)) only needs to reheat, which could not be recovered from heat and re-introduced into the substrate - as condensate is added at each pass, the condensate must be in a suitable place Surplus (drawing 1, (20)).
• the substrate to be evaporated circulates in the system (drawing 1, (3)) and releases part of the water at each pass through the evaporation atomizer (drawing 1, (18)). As a result, the level in the outgoing container (drawing 1, (2)) drops gradually. If the substrate is sufficiently concentrated, it is pumped to its further destination out of the starting container, which is thus released for the next portion of substrate to be concentrated. In a next step, the concentrated concentrate is dried to a dry powder. For this purpose, a spin dryer is used. According to patent application 1052/12 of July 2012, any type of tumble-wave dryer can be used for this purpose. In the patent application 586/12 various innovative variants were presented. In drawing 5, another possible variant thereof is shown. The geometry is similar to the atomization unit on drawing 3.
• a single spinning shaft (11) throws the material into a free space, in this case a "material-cloud reaction space” (21), into which at a suitable point (22), the gaseous Evaporating medium (17) and is pulled through the cloud of material in the present case, the CHP exhaust gas is used directly.
• the principle is to spray the liquid solution onto a dry material in the dryer. As a result, it is moistened without losing its firm consistency.
• the moistened material is dried, then moistened again.
• the material in the dryer is enriched by more and more solid particles from the liquid substrate, and can be removed as a dry powder from the dryer, which is also done after a certain number of injection cycles.
• An interesting aspect is that, in contrast to other similar methods, for example, with belt dryers practiced upgrading of the dry digestate fertilizer, it is not necessary to make a corresponding mixing of dry and liquid substrate before the dryer. It is not even necessary - and this is another interesting aspect - to empty the drying chamber and refill it each time with a dry and moist substrate, but rather it is enough, the chamber at the removal of the final product, just not completely empty and already the process can continue to operate with the substrate remaining in the chamber.
• the temperature of the drying process can be taken as a basis, which allows conclusions about the degree of dryness.
• the wave load can be used to determine the amount of the liquid substrate to be injected. By observing the increase in wave load when injecting the liquid substrate, its mixing ratio to the dry substrate that is in the dryer can be determined, and the supply can be stopped again accordingly before the mixture turns into a "muddy" mixture.
• hygienization container Between heat exchanger (drawing 1, (7)) and evaporation (drawing 1, (18)) one or more, insulated or heated containers can be attached, which hold the heated liquid at the heated temperature level and after a certain time lead to its hygienisation. Since a high degree of sanitization is also achieved in the final spin drying with hot gases, the hygienization container described is, from a purely technical point of view, possible, but not mandatory.
• the evaporation device can also be heated with other media, as with CHP cooling water.
• a water / water heat exchanger and a boiler can be used in combination with the heat exchanger for the recovered heat (drawing 1, (6)), or standing alone. Any kind of heating up the substrate is an option.
• One interesting option is to use a burner to fire directly into the heat recovery unit ( Figure 1, (19)), in a suitable place, to heat up the heat it needs in addition to the recovered heat. to add.
• Such a solution does not require a heat exchanger, since the energy of the hot flue gases in contact with the water droplets is converted first into steam, then into hot condensate. - See also the description below of a boiler that does not require a flue gas / water heat exchanger.
• the air may be passed through the sputtering unit, transverse to the flow direction of the liquid substrate, as an evaporation or condensing unit. If this is done with an atomizer evaporation unit in which, for example, heated air through the decomposed A dusty substrate, which may be heated but need not be heated, results in a more cost effective but possibly even more efficient evaporation solution analogous to the "Mississippi" evaporation device known in the market.
• the heat recovery described is not limited only to use as part of the evaporator system, but can be used as a stand-alone component for heat recovery from all types of humid gases.
• the heat recovery from flue gases, exhaust air from dryers, exhaust air from industrial processes, steam from steam processes and more While in liquids that are loaded with coarse solid particles, a spin-on or brush solution imposes, can work in liquids with fine, or no particles with nozzles, in any arrangement, or arranged so that a countercurrent is possible. This may involve injecting, collecting and re-injecting the liquid several times, each time further down the canal.
• such a device Under pressure, such a device, with or without a spinner, can be used as a steam generator, from which a gas / vapor mixture emerges.
• Many interesting applications arise in connection with the use of flue gases. It opens up the possibility with relatively simple means to realize a condensing boiler technology, which comes without expensive flue gas / water heat exchanger.
• such a device for heat recovery in the range between the temperatures of the heating circuit and the ambient temperature can be used in the lower temperature range, the warm water thus obtained can be used for preheating and moistening the burner air.
• a sputtering heat recovery unit to leave the customary in boilers flue gas / water heat exchanger and introduce the more or less humid flue gases directly into such a unit.
• centrifugal shafts can not only be longitudinal but also transverse to the flow direction, in a vertical or horizontal design, with one or more such centrifugal shafts.
• a spinning shaft is understood to be any type of rotating device in which protrudes from an axis protruding bristles, spikes, blades, threads or other devices which receive and atomize the liquid.
• the further additions relate to the dryer, which, as described in the patent applications 586/12 and 1052/12, not only for the drying of liquid materials, but also quite ordinary wet bulk materials can be used.
• the moist bulk material is filled in at one end and removed dry at the other end.
• the fact is used that the material thus thrown behaves like a liquid.
• material is poured in at one end (in the drawing 6, (24)), in the form of a screw conveyor trough, it displaces the material in it away from the place of filling. If material is taken from the other end (drawing 6, (25)), it flows like a liquid into the empty space. following the room. This allows the material to be kept in a continuous flow through the dryer.
• the removal is made adjustable, which can be done inter alia (but not exclusively) by a screw conveyor (drawing 6, (25)), while at the other end the throw-in is regulated by the wave load.
• the wave load becomes lighter, the same amount as the moisture escapes and material is removed at the other end.
• the wave load-controlled throw-in ensures that correspondingly moist material is continuously fed. If the extraction auger now rotates faster, permanently or at intervals, the flow rate accelerates and, conversely, the slower it rotates, the more the flow of material through the dryer slows down. In this way, it is possible to influence the residence time of the material in the dryer.
• the ejection screw can reduce the speed again.
• the throw-in device give the signal to increase the amount of the inserted wet material. hen. Since the temperature profiles of drying processes are not necessarily linear, the temperature probes also need not necessarily be mounted at regular intervals. Another additional or alternative control method is to fill or remove the material after fixed times.
• FIG. 6 Another characterizing feature of this type of dryer is the dryer integrated material recirculation shown in drawing 6 in the form of a screw conveyor along the spinner shaft (23). This can be installed anywhere in the dryer. A very suitable location is shown in the drawing 5, where the return screw (23) is attached to the material slide wall (15), between the air inlet (22) and the spinning shaft (15).
• this location is also suitable for material removal for the same reasons and also has the advantage that the material ejection is done slightly higher above the ground, so it will be easier to place a suitable conveyor for the further transport of the dried material underneath. All screw conveyors into or out of the dryer can be provided with a small feature by not guiding the screw conveyors all the way to the opening.
• the blades of the spinning shaft will not only throw up the material, but also mix it. That may be desirable, but not so.
• a "turbulent" uplifting path (Figure 6, (26)) may be near the entrance (24), for example, or at the point where the dry material exits the material recirculation (23)
• a triangular shape can enhance the drift of the material to the left and right of the direction of rotation and promote mixing, and conversely, the geometry can minimize the mixing of the material, for example, by placing continuous strips ( Figure 6, (27)), resulting in a track with more "even” throwing up.
• the walls are designed removable on the left and right, so that the walls can be removed in their entirety or at least partially or completely unfolded on a wide front. This allows good access to the air distribution mechanisms on the left-hand side, which will be explained in more detail later in the document, as well as to the material return. On the right side, this allows unimpeded access to the spinning shaft, whether to carry out work or simply to empty the dryer, for example after a standstill, before working inside the dryer, when changing the drying material, etc. If the spinning shaft is turned on when the wall is open, it simply ejects material inside it. - This would also be an optimal ejection option, if the dryer is operated as a portion dryer.
• the wall on the right-hand side will rise and the spinning shaft, which has just thrown the material along the wall (or any baffle thereon) into the material-cloud space (21), will now eject the material the dryer out, without that their direction of rotation would have to be changed.
• the material is collected in an adjacent closed space and discharged via a suitable conveying mechanism.
• This dryer principle is not limited to the version with one shaft. There may be two waves, as in drawing 8, or even more waves, with a corresponding adaptation of the other elements, such as the air inlet (22), or the material return (23), as in the drawing, or on another suitable Way can be solved.
• our drying process basically introduces air crosswise to the flow direction of the material, so that the material is supplied with fresh warm or hot, unsaturated air on its way through the dryer. This eliminates a costly chamber drying, as described for example in the patent DE 10 2010 049 339 A1, but it is prevented at the same time that the material absorbs moisture again by saturated air. Of a certain importance is the introduction of air into the material cloud (21) into it, without the air outlet clogged, or that there deposits material that can ignite there at high air inlet temperatures.
• this is achieved by an arrangement such as on drawing 8, 9, or 10, by introducing Heileinblas nozzles in the cloud of material, which is possible both in the single-shaft, as well as the multi-shaft dryer design. With the air outlet down, it is not possible that there material is thrown into it.
• baffle plate (30) and material slip plate (15) which returns the material to the spinning shaft is also possible.
• material slip plate (15) which returns the material to the spinning shaft.
• the drawing 1 1 shows the same arrangement as in drawing 5, but with a larger air inlet (22) for larger amounts of air, which serves to reduce the force required for the fans.
• care is taken that the material impinges on the material sliding plate (15) at a sufficiently large distance from the shaft. Regardless of the air intake theme, this is a fundamental and protectable geometric property. If the material hits too close to the spinner shaft, its work is hindered.
• the air can be passed through the dryer in two different ways. Either, as in drawing 9, across the material cloud, or as in drawing 10, first into the material cloud and then in countercurrent or direct current to the direction of movement of the material, which increases the residence time of the drying air, but also one corresponding limitation of the space of the material cloud requires, analogous to the droplet space limitation (drawings 3 and 4, (14)). This can also be done Combinations are used, for example, by the air in the middle, or at several points is sucked, and thus sometimes in opposite, sometimes in cocurrent flows to the flow of material.
• the mentioned material cloud boundaries can favorably influence the dwell time of the air in the material cloud in any airflow constellation by enclosing the material-cloud space completely or even partially.
• the uniform introduction of air over the entire length of the dryer, or a particular segment, can be a challenge because air is compressible and follows the least resistance.
• it may enter the material cloud unevenly distributed along the spinner shaft. This will be more the case with the introduction of air through nozzles, as in the drawings 8 to 10, less, in the introduction of air on baffle (30) and slide plate (15) (eg, drawing 5). This is counteracted in drawing 12 and 13.
• the geometry on the left is divided into an upper air distribution space (31) and a lower air inlet space (32).
• the air distribution space can be limited directly from the (possibly removable) dryer wall for easier access.
• the drawing 13 shows the air distribution space (31) from the side, wherein the drying air from the left side enters (33) and the air distribution space (31) fills.
• the air is forced through a series of air inlets (34) equipped with adjustable flaps. This can compensate for the irregular behavior of the air, which tends to flow through the openings near the air inlet (33).
• the air can either be pulled through the material cloud (21) under reduced pressure, or else the geometry on the left side can be divided analogously to the illustration on FIG. 14 and can be separated from one or more fans into the air inlet space (32 ) into and through the material cloud.
• the air distribution space (31) in the drawing 12 in the drawing 14 becomes the suction funnel for the fans, through which the air is sucked through the heat exchangers (35).
• this drying device An interesting possibility of this drying device is that the air supply can be divided into segments. Here are the arrangements and combinations no limits. A few possibilities are described below. So there is the possibility when using the waste heat of a CHP in a first with wet material to allow the exhaust gases to flow directly and in a next segment, with drier material, the air to flow the less warm air, which has been warmed up through the cooling water heat exchanger is. If the air is produced by a burner, in a first, moister material segment very hot air, which is above the self-ignition point of the material, can be blown in, in the dryer segment, slightly cooler air can be blown in, so that the inlet temperature below the self-ignition point to come to rest.
• the heat from the exhaust air of a first segment can be recovered and blown into another segment.
• Another possibility is to cool the material with fresh unheated ambient air, for example, in the last segment before the exit, which again expels a few percent moisture from the material.
• the air can be pushed into the dryer (drying room with overpressure) as shown in the drawing 14, or it can be sucked in and out (drying room with negative pressure).
• the air duct can be accomplished with pairs of fans, with a fan that bumps and pulls. The latter possibility can facilitate the creation of different air segments with different temperature.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
• Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

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• 2013
  • 2013-02-17 CH CH00466/13A patent/CH706388A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-04-27 EP EP13723441.5A patent/EP2841860A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-04-27 WO PCT/EP2013/058826 patent/WO2013160480A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-04-27 EP EP13720344.4A patent/EP2841859A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-04-27 WO PCT/EP2013/058825 patent/WO2013160479A2/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (1)

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