Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
  • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
  • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
  • B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
  • B22F10/12—Formation of a green body by photopolymerisation, e.g. stereolithography [SLA] or digital light processing [DLP]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/22—Driving means
  • B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/40—Radiation means
  • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
  • B29C64/227—Driving means
  • B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
  • B29C64/227—Driving means
  • B29C64/236—Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
  • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
  • B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• the invention relates to a stereolithography system for the production of.
• DE 10 2009 009 503 B3 relates to a device and a method for
• the device consists of a laser for generating a laser beam for the curing of the material and a workpiece carrier which can be directly irradiated by the laser.
• the device has an optical device, in particular a mirror, with which the laser beam is deflected, so that the workpiece carrier with the laser is also indirectly irradiating bar.
• Electrode processing body (ECM) for workpieces is described in which the stamp is produced by stereolithography.
• the electrode body is built up layer by layer in a liquid plastic bath.
• the desired cross section of a layer of the electrode body is generated by means of a laser, which is movable both in the horizontal plane and adjustable in height.
• the laser is moved according to the desired contour in the horizontal plane and exposed by appropriate exposure, a portion of the plastic layer of the liquid plastic and cured.
• Apparatus for producing ceramic shaped bodies by sintering selected locations of a ceramic material with a laser beam to form the shaped body To produce the shaped body, the liquid suspension or plastic mass is applied in layers and the respective layer of the material is sintered with the laser beam at selected locations.
• the laser beam is preferably controlled by means of the layered design data.
• the device for the production of ceramic moldings has a
• Laser unit for generating a laser beam with means for controlled
• the means for the controlled alignment of the laser beam are preferably designed as laser scanners, wherein the control of the laser scanner is carried out by means of digital design data for the molded part.
• the laser unit is moved by a robot arm over the surface of the applied layer and imaged the corresponding layer of the molded article to be produced on the applied layer.
• Solid reinforcing materials are mixed with the liquid medium such that at least a portion of the solid reinforcing agent is disposed in the layer of liquid medium between the upper surface of the last formed layer and the upper surface of the liquid medium.
• An acoustic field is then generated in the liquid medium such that the acoustic field is present in at least a portion of the layer of liquid medium between the top surface of the last formed layer and the top surface of the liquid medium, thereby curing the liquid medium.
• US 2004 094 728 A describes an apparatus for sintering and, if appropriate, removal and / or labeling and for subsequent reworking of the finished workpiece by means of electromagnetic radiation bundled.
• the device consists of a machine housing, in which a space is housed.
• a scanner In the upper area of the installation space, a scanner is arranged, in which the beam of a sintered laser is coupled.
• a height-adjustable workpiece platform and a material supply device are provided, with which powdery or also pasty or liquid sintered material can be transported from a storage container into the process area via the workpiece platform.
• the scanner is movable in the upper region of the installation space, can be moved in one axis, is arranged on a scanner support bridge which can be moved by motor means over the workpiece platform, the scanner support bridge being arranged parallel to one another in two widths the construction vessel corresponding distance from each other, carriers running in the second axis runs.
• Motorized drive elements of the scanner carrier are connected to a control computer, which is responsible for the entire process sequence. During the construction process, this control computer controls both the movement of the scanner over the workpiece platform and the movement of the scanner mirror in the housing of the scanner.
• Moving the scanner along the x-axis and the y-axis also allows a displacement of the scanner along the z-axis, allowing the scanner to move over the workpiece platform or in adjacent areas
• the two mutually parallel carriers run in turn as a bridge to two vertically arranged carrier in the form of linear axes on the right and left wall of the building vessel.
• the irradiation of the beam of the sintered laser into the area of the scanner carrier takes place parallel to the axes of the suspension of the scanner carrier and via deflection mirrors to the optical input of the scanner.
• Stereolithography system can lead.
• the invention according to DE 100 53 741 C1 relates to a device for sintering, ablating and / or inscribing by means of electromagnetic bundled radiation, in particular laser sintering machine and / or laser surface processing machine with a housing space accommodated in a machine housing, in or above which a light guide, in particular a by means of a
• Workpiece platform is removable as a removable element from the space
• the height-adjustable workpiece platform, the reservoir and the coater are designed as a contiguous removable from the space process platform exchange unit and to carry out the same or different Machining processes further process platform exchange units of the same or different configurations in the space can be introduced.
• the cross slide for the movable in all directions scanner is designed as a movable in the y-direction carrier bridge on which a linear actuator for the z-axis is arranged with a laser scanner.
• This support bridge runs on two parallel to each other, arranged in a width of the construction vessel corresponding distance from each other, movable in x-axis carriers.
• the laser beam is guided over a variety of mirrors along the carrier and the carrier bridge and the linear drive for the z-axis to the laser scanner.
• the parallel arranged carrier and the carrier bridge are designed as linear drives.
• the biologically decomposable polymer implant is described.
• the method uses a stereolithography apparatus using a
• 3D CAD image chains of one or more photopolymer and photoinitiator form a layered polymeric prosthetic implant.
• a photocurable, bioerodible polymer the solution of poly (propylene) fumarate (PPF) and a solvent for adjusting the viscosity of the solution will be described.
• PPF poly (propylene) fumarate
• the solution is placed in a container in the stereolithography apparatus (a commercially available SLA 250 stereolithography unit).
• stereolithography apparatus a commercially available SLA 250 stereolithography unit.
• Container includes a z-axis movable structural panel for supporting each of the covalently bonded layers of the polymeric prosthetic implant exposed to UV light energy in successive layers of the solution.
• the UV light energy is generated by means of a commercially available UV laser, whereby the beam of the laser is controlled by a vector-based scanner mirror in the x- and y-axis.
• Axis is movably arranged above the container (www.klartext-pr.de / .... / article / The culture of prototyping .pdf).
• Beam conditioning (expander, shutter, etc.), laser scanner for beam deflection and F-theta lens for offset compensation of the laser focus described.
• Laser beam is guided over two rotating mirrors to reach the entire construction field. If you need a high resolution very exact motors are needed. In addition, the focus must be constantly corrected by the F-theta lens, so that the working distance varies depending on the laser beam / surface angle. An additional disadvantage is that the laser beam penetrates very obliquely into the polymer in the edge region. The scanner, the F-theta lens and the sufficient
• Powerful beam source are very expensive to buy. Due to the constantly changing angle substrate / laser beam, no teleoptics or replaceable optics can be positioned above the bath.
• the device shown in US 55 95 703 A for the manufacture of an object by stereolithography is of a per se known construction.
• This apparatus mainly comprises a container filled with a liquid photopolymerizable prepolymer, a container mounted therein
• Prepolymer can be moved up and down, and a
• Laser beam source which can be moved by a mechanism, also not shown, according to a certain pattern over the surface of the liquid prepolymer.
• a 2D optomechanical laser scanner is a solution in which the laser beam is not controlled by a scanner with rotating mirrors, but rather by a plurality of parallel-displaceable deflection mirrors (Gandhi, PS et al., Micromech., Microeng., No 20, pp. 1 1, 2010). Due to the guidance over right angles, the laser focus can always be positioned vertically above the construction field.
• the decisive disadvantages are the number of deflection mirrors required. Since the deflecting mirrors are guided dynamically, a high degree of precision is required in each mirror drive and also in the flatness of the mirror. Furthermore, a loss of the laser power of approx. 10% is to be expected on every reflecting surface. Therefore, a powerful beam source is needed here as well. Both Factors, precision at several points and laser power drive up the costs for the system technology.
• a further development with regard to the production of several identical components parallel to one another is provided by the design with several parallel-guided glass fibers on an X-Y plotter.
• the laser is controlled via shutters and beam guiding optics.
• a glass fiber bundle then multiplies the beam source and via an X-Y plotter system, the contour is processed line by line or via vectors.
• the multiplication achieves the construction of several identical components in parallel with normal incidence of the laser radiation.
• Multiplying the beam source allows for parallel fabrication of components (K.lkuta et al., "New Micro Stereo Lithography for freely movable 3D Microstructure", IEEE, pp. 290-295, 1998).
• the processing speed compared to a scanner optics will hardly increase.
• the components cause the splitting of the laser beam from the beam source (the collimator) as well as the exact uniform distribution of the laser power on the individual fiber strands. If not every fiber delivers identical parameters, the quality / dimensional accuracy of the components suffers.
• the use of fibers with UV lasers often leads to one
• the Colamm method avoids the problems of re-coating with a wiper.
• the resin is exposed through a window at the bottom of the vessel.
• the component is "glued" to the build platform and then lifted up layer by layer.It is important here that the hardened resin does not adhere to the glass pane.
• the laser beam is supplied via scanner or glass fiber and there are also the disadvantages described above with this method.
• Digital Light Processing is another modification of stereolithography.
• the polymerization of the resin takes place here by visible, non-coherent light.
• the required pattern is imaged directly onto the resin either through micromirrors or through a dynamic LCD mask.
• the entire layer is cured at the same time.
• the disadvantage of this method is that the size of the construction field or the number of pixels (pixels) are fixed. The higher the resolution of the structures to be built, the smaller they are
• optical beam conditioning devices such as expanders and shutters
• beam deflection systems such as laser scanners, rotating or parallel
• slidable deflection mirrors systems for offset compensation of the beam, such as F-theta lenses or devices for beam guidance, such as glass fibers, on.
• the stereolithography equipment in particular the micro stereolithography equipment costly and expensive and limit the applications of stereolithography.
• high-performance lasers must be used, which in turn are also very expensive due to the losses occurring in the jet preparation.
• the object of the invention is to create a new suspension of the radiation source and a much simplified beam shaping and steering for stereolithography equipment, with significant cost savings through the reduction of components and sensitive components while increasing the
• the object is achieved by a stereolithography system that from a receiving block (12) for movable in y- and x-axis
• Laser source (6) with the beam exit directed vertically downwards in the direction of the resin-filled building vessel (1), via a fastening means (5) on
• the supply can be easily ensured by trailing cable.
• the focusing optics (7) can be designed as exchangeable focusing optics (7). This makes it possible to produce different line widths in the photopolymerization and to optimize the resolution and the processing speed. In the case of a static optics, only one resolution is fixed per job. It exists however also the possibility to replace this static optics by a motor-driven telescope or by a powered nosepiece and thus dynamically adjust the stroke width of the laser beam while modulating the laser power during the construction process. As a result, the processing speed is greatly increased.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the stereolithography system
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation with the essential components for the stereolithography according to the invention.
• a linear axis system is mounted on a granite receiving block (12).
• the laser source (6) is mounted via a suitable fastening element (5) so that the beam exit of the laser beam perpendicular to the resin (10 ) filled construction vessel (1) shows.
• a diode laser is used as the laser source (6).
• the holder with the integrated focusing optics (7) is fixed, which focuses the exiting laser light (8) directly in the required plane.
• the layered structure of the component (9) either by line-wise or vectorial method of the laser source (6) respectively.
• the laser beam hardens the liquid photopolymer.
• Liquid photopolymer is cured by a laser beam in thin layers with a standard layer thickness in the range of 0.05-0.25 mm, in micro-stereolithography also up to 1 ⁇ m.
• the process takes place in the construction vessel (1) which is filled with the photopolymer, in this example with epoxy resin.
• the construction vessel (1) the movable in z-axis construction platform (2) in the epoxy resin by dipping the construction platform (2) in the z-axis, then by the amount of
• the epoxy resin Layer thickness in the z-axis moved up and applied with a wiper, the epoxy resin.
• the laser source (6) is guided over the build platform (2) by means of the x and y axes (4, 3) and the epoxy resin is cured by the laser beam.
• the laser source (6) is moved line by line over the construction field and modulated position-dependent via its digital input.
• the workpiece is lowered a few millimeters into the liquid and returned to a position which is lower than the previous one by the amount of a layer thickness.
• the epoxy over the component is then evenly distributed by a wiper.
• the laser source (6) travels on the new layer over the surfaces to be cured by means of the crossed arrangement of the x and y axes (4,3), controlled by a computer. After curing, the next step takes place so that gradually a three-dimensional part is created.
• support structures are typically also included in the fabrication because the laser-cured resin is still relatively soft and certain features (eg, overhangs) are to be securely fixed during the build process.
• the building platform (2) with the / the part (s) from the construction vessel (1) is moved out.
• the model is removed from the build platform, from the
• the laser source (6) and the focusing optics (7) are moved directly over the building vessel (1) and so over the entire construction field by means of linear axes, wherein the beam exit and so that the laser beam always remains vertically above the construction vessel.
• the system according to the invention does not require deflecting mirrors, glass fibers or similar beam-influencing components.
• Stereolithography system is thus significantly simpler with otherwise identical performance and requires laser sources with significantly lower performance (diode laser). This creates a significant cost advantage over all previous laser-based stereolithography systems. Furthermore, through the use of only two linear drives, which also still independent
• the vertical angle of incidence of the laser radiation avoids the usual laser scanner procedure exposure with a non-perpendicular angle of incidence in the edge region of the construction field and thus ensures a consistently high manufacturing precision over the entire construction field. Furthermore, there is no aging effect on functional components (e.g., fiber optics), and the system is easy to maintain because a replaced laser does not need to be adjusted to the optical system.
• functional components e.g., fiber optics
• the system according to the invention can likewise be used in laser sintering and in laser cutting and labeling by means of laser sources.

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• 2012
  • 2012-06-08 DE DE102012011418A patent/DE102012011418A1/de active Granted
• 2013
  • 2013-06-11 WO PCT/IB2013/001873 patent/WO2013182913A2/fr not_active Ceased

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