WO2014063441A1 - 三萜衍生物及其抗流感用途 - Google Patents

三萜衍生物及其抗流感用途 Download PDF

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WO2014063441A1
WO2014063441A1 PCT/CN2013/001266 CN2013001266W WO2014063441A1 WO 2014063441 A1 WO2014063441 A1 WO 2014063441A1 CN 2013001266 W CN2013001266 W CN 2013001266W WO 2014063441 A1 WO2014063441 A1 WO 2014063441A1
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Prior art keywords
acid
ene
group
hydroxy
amino
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周德敏
于茂荣
肖苏龙
俞飞
彭逸云
邱允俨
张礼和
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Peking University
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Peking University
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Priority to JP2015537108A priority Critical patent/JP6441807B2/ja
Priority to US14/437,611 priority patent/US9920088B2/en
Priority to EP13849730.0A priority patent/EP2910563B1/en
Publication of WO2014063441A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014063441A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/20Carbocyclic rings
    • C07H15/24Condensed ring systems having three or more rings
    • C07H15/256Polyterpene radicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H13/00Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
    • C07H13/02Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
    • C07H13/08Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to carbocyclic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J63/00Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by expansion of only one ring by one or two atoms
    • C07J63/008Expansion of ring D by one atom, e.g. D homo steroids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel use of a triterpene derivative, i.e., its use in the prevention or treatment of influenza, especially influenza A.
  • influenza virus The flu is an acute, infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. According to the antigenicity of its internal nuclear protein (NP) and matrix protein (M), influenza viruses can be classified into type A, type B and type C. Type A (also known as A) The pandemic of influenza viruses can cause extremely high morbidity and mortality, which is a serious threat to human health (W.H.O. 2003; Coleman 2007). Influenza A virus caused three major influenza epidemics in the twentieth century, namely H1N1 in 1918, H2N2 in 1957, and H3N2 in 1968, causing approximately 50 million deaths (Kilbourne 2006; Taubenberger, Hultin et al. 2007). . Influenza A was also caused by the H1N1 flu virus in 2009 (Dawood, Jain et al. 2009; Zimmer and Burke 2009), and its rapid spread has caught the attention of the world. According to statistics, an average of 300,000 to 500,000 people die each year from the flu (Fiore, Shay et al. 2007).
  • Oseltamivir and zanamivir primarily inhibit the influenza virus's ruthenium tyrosinase (NA) and block the release of influenza virus from infected cells (Palese 2004; De Clercq 2006).
  • NA ruthenium tyrosinase
  • rimantadine mainly destroys the activity of the M2 protein ion channel of influenza virus, and can inhibit the process of unpacking the influenza virus ( ⁇ , 1 & 61 & 1. 2008).
  • a sample survey conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that 100% of the H3N2 strains of the 2008/2009 and the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain were resistant to adams; 99.6% seasonal H1N1 influenza virus is resistant to Tamiflu
  • Triterpenoids are a class of natural compounds widely found in nature. Their structures include five rings of A, B, C, D, E and 30 carbon atoms (Hostettmann, K et al. 1995; Waller, GR et al. 1996). Triterpenoids have attracted increasing attention due to their diverse biological and pharmacological activities, such as betulinic acid and its derivatives have been used as anti-tumor and anti-HIV drugs in clinical trials (US Pat. Nos) 5,679,828; 6,689,767; 6,369,109; US App. Pub. No. 2004/0204389); Oleanolic acid is an effective component for protecting the liver against chemical damage and preventing HIV infection (Li U , J. et al.
  • the patent application No. 201110373224.3 discloses a class of triterpenoid derivatives and their use in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis, but there is no use for the prevention or treatment of influenza. The inhibitory effect of triterpenoids on influenza virus has not been reported.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the triterpenoid and its derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate thereof.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the triterpene derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate thereof for preventing or treating influenza, preferably influenza A.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a compound of the formula: a stereoisomer, an epimer, a configurational isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate thereof, and they are prepared for prevention or Patients who need treatment (including people and animals), especially the fluoride
  • the dotted line portion indicates that it is optional, that is, a single bond or a double bond
  • R1 is XR1 ', wherein X is 0 or NH, Rl ' is hydrogen, monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives, or vitamin C, sialic acid, amino sugar (one, two, three, etc.), Phenanthrene and its prodrugs;
  • the "monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, derivative of polysaccharide” means that one of their hydroxyl groups or a plurality of hydroxyl groups such as 2, 3 or 4 hydroxyl groups may be substituted by a substituent such as C1-C6 decanoyl
  • R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are each independently selected from H, unsubstituted C1-C6 fluorenyl or C1-C6 alkyl substituted by hydroxy, amino or carboxy;
  • R9 is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, fluorenyl, C1-C6 thiol, carbonyl, fluorenyl, unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 hydrazine substituted by hydroxy, amino or carboxy Base
  • RIO, Rl l , R12, R13 and R14 are each independently selected from H, OH, NHR9, (wherein R9 is 11, unsubstituted C1-C3 fluorenyl or C1-C3 alkyl substituted by hydroxy, amino or carboxy a mercapto group, a C1-C6 thiol group, an unsubstituted C1-C3 alkyl group or a C1-C3 alkyl group substituted by a hydroxy group, an amino group or a carboxy group,
  • RIO, Rl, R12, R13, and R14 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, hydroxy, amino, unsubstituted C1-C3 alkyl "preferably methyl" or hydroxy, amino or carboxy
  • the substituted C1-C3 fluorenyl group is preferably a methyl group.
  • R10, Rl, R12, R13 and R14 are each independently selected from H, hydroxy, amino or methyl; preferably, RU and R12 are each independently selected from H or methyl, and R10 is H, And/or R13 and R14 are each independently selected from H, OH or NH2.
  • the medicament is administered by oral, rectal, nasal, aerosol or granule inhalation, topically including sublingual and sublingual, transdermal, vaginal, intravesical, intralesional and parenteral routes Medicine; preferably a spray for oral or intranasal spray administration or indoor or local environmental sterilization and disinfection.
  • the monosaccharide is independently selected from the group consisting of glucose, mannose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, ribose or deoxyribose, wherein the oligosaccharide is maltose, sucrose or lactose, Or wherein the derivative is a monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, one, two, three or four hydroxyl groups are C1-C4 decanoyloxy, C1-C4 decyloxy, benzoyloxy And / or benzyloxy substituted; or one of their hydroxyl groups is substituted by hydrogen, amino or acetylamino; preferably one hydroxyl group of "monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide" or two, three or four hydroxyl groups are acetoxy, Substituted by benzyloxy, methoxy and/
  • the sugar is an amino sugar, such as neomycin, neomycin, kanamycin or gentamicin.
  • the sugar is a monosaccharide or a disaccharide, or an acetylated derivative in which a hydroxyl group of a monosaccharide or a disaccharide is substituted with an acetoxy group.
  • R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, carbonyl, SH or NH2, preferably H, OH or carbonyl.
  • said 1 3, 4, 1 5, 16 and 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl.
  • said R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, carbonyl, NH2 or SH, preferably OH or carbonyl.
  • the sugar residue portion of the above derivatives also includes the epimer of the sugar.
  • Another aspect of the invention also provides the above triterpene derivatives, but does not include compounds known in the art, such as sac.
  • Another aspect of the invention also provides a process for the preparation of the triterpene derivative, as described in the Methods of Preparing the Compounds of the Text of the Invention.
  • the present invention provides the use of the triterpene derivative of the present invention for preventing or treating influenza, particularly influenza A. Furthermore, the present invention provides an inhibitor for inhibiting influenza virus infection, particularly influenza virus entry into a host cell, wherein the inhibitor contains the triterpene derivative.
  • the present invention provides a medicament for preventing or treating influenza which comprises the triterpene derivative.
  • the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating influenza, particularly influenza A, which comprises using the triterpene derivative to a human or other mammal.
  • Figure 1 The plaque inhibition assay validates the inhibitory effect of Q9 on influenza virus.
  • the ordinate shows the number of plaques formed; the abscissa shows the concentration of the compound.
  • FIG. 1 Dosing time test The Q9 acts on which stage of virus replication.
  • Hemagglutination inhibition verifies whether Q9 affects the binding between influenza virus and cellular receptors.
  • the hemagglutinin protein (HA) of the influenza virus (WSN strain) can agglutinate red blood cells, that is, no red spots. HA can mediate the entry of influenza viruses into cells.
  • Anti-HA HA antibody, as a positive control for this experiment.
  • DMSO was a negative control. The amount of virus ( 25 dilutions) was added to 50 ul of 1% chicken red blood cells per well.
  • Figure 4 Detection of pseudoviruses The inhibitory effect of H1N1 and H5N1 influenza virus pseudoviruses.
  • the pseudovirus is composed of the core protein of HIV and the envelope protein HA/NA of influenza virus. Both subtypes of influenza virus H1N1 and H5N1 pseudoviruses were inhibited by Q9; the concentration of Q9 was 50 ⁇ . DMSO was used as a negative control and the inhibition rate was set to zero.
  • MDCK canine kidney epithelial cells
  • Median Virus2 indicates cell viability by adding 1% DMS0 and virus groups.
  • C1-C4 fluorenyl means an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl.
  • C1-C6 thiol refers to a straight or branched alkyl group containing from one to six carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl. Base, pentyl or hexyl, etc.
  • the term "monosaccharide” refers to a saccharide that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler polyhydroxy aldehyde or polyhydroxy ketone.
  • the monosaccharide has the general formula CnH2nOn.
  • Monosaccharides are classified into triose, butyrate, pentose, and hexose depending on the number of carbon atoms contained in the molecule.
  • the monosaccharide whose structure is polyhydroxy aldehyde is called aldose (such as ribose is valerose; glucose, galactose is aldohexose), if the structure is a monosaccharide of polyhydroxyketone called ketose (if sugar, sorbose is Ketosaccharide).
  • aldose such as ribose is valerose; glucose, galactose is aldohexose
  • ketose if sugar, sorbose is Ketosaccharide.
  • the most important of the monosaccharides are glucose and fructose.
  • Monosaccharides are mainly present in the form of a cyclic hemi-condensed sugar structure (oxygen ring structure) such as ribose, arabinose, xylose, ribulose, glucose, fructose, galactose and the like.
  • oligosaccharide refers to a sugar composed of two or more nine or less identical or different monosaccharide molecules condensed and dehydrated, such as maltose, sucrose or lactose.
  • polysaccharide refers to a sugar composed of more than ten identical or different monosaccharide molecules condensed and dehydrated, such as starch, cyclodextrin and the like.
  • the term "monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, derivative of polysaccharide” means that one of their hydroxyl groups or a plurality of hydroxyl groups such as 2, 3 or 4 hydroxyl groups may be substituted by a substituent such as a C1-C6 alkanoyloxy group, C1-C6 ⁇ .
  • An oxy group, a benzoyloxy group and/or a benzyloxy group and the like for example, a benzene ring thereof may be substituted by one or more halogen, nitro, amino and/or C1-C6 alkyl groups); one of them
  • the hydroxyl group may be substituted by hydrogen, an amino group or an acetylamino group.
  • amino sugar refers to a monosaccharide, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide, such as neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin or gentamicin, substituted by one or more hydroxyl groups of the sugar. .
  • trimerpene refers to a substance consisting of several isoprenes that are connected end to end after removal of the hydroxyl group. Most of them are 30 carbon atoms, and a small number of terpenoids containing 27 carbon atoms, such as zircon acid, sac. Acid, etc.
  • halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
  • C1-C6 thioindolyl refers to a C1-C6 alkyl group in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom.
  • C1-C6 nonyloxy refers to a group formed by linking a C1-C6 fluorenyl group to an oxygen atom, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a hexyloxy group.
  • C1-C6 nonanoyloxy refers to a group formed by linking a C1-C6 fluorenyl group to an acyloxy group, such as an acetoxy group.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing the above compounds.
  • triterpenoids and derivatives involved in the present invention can be obtained by natural plant extraction, and/or chemical synthesis or semi-synthetic or structural chemical modification.
  • certain triterpenoids may be obtained by extraction from plants or commercially available, and other triterpenoids may be obtained by structural modification or chemical synthesis or semi-synthesis of the above triterpenoids.
  • the extraction method comprises immersing the plant containing the rich triterpenes in a polar solvent, refluxing, removing the insoluble matter by filtration, concentrating, acid-treating, and finally separating by silica gel column chromatography (for example, gradient elution of methylene chloride/methanol).
  • Triterpenoid aglycone A person skilled in the art extracts a series of naturally occurring triterpenoid saponins by conventional methods, such as: oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, echinocystic acid (EA), etc., which are commercially available and can be used for synthesis.
  • a raw material of the derivative of the present invention is oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, echinocystic acid (EA), etc.
  • Semi-synthetic methods for certain derivatives include protecting the hydroxyl group of the triterpene aglycon by a protecting group, then activating its carboxyl group (e.g., forming an acid chloride, ester or anhydride), coupling with a sugar or amino sugar, and finally deprotecting to form a triterpenoid saponin.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a triterpenoid compound or a hydrate thereof can be prepared by those skilled in the art using conventional techniques in the art.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by those skilled in the art by reference to the teachings in the specification of the Chinese Patent Application No. 201 ⁇ 037 322, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by the general synthetic methods and examples described below and the like.
  • reaction conditions in this step are mild, the post-treatment is simple, and the yield is high.
  • the reaction produces a by-product which is less polar than EA, which can be removed by conventional separation methods.
  • the reaction was dissolved in an appropriate amount of MeOH, and an appropriate amount of MeONa was added thereto, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature, and the progress of the reaction was examined by TLC, and the reaction was usually completed in one hour.
  • Post-treatment Add cation exchange resin, adjust pH to neutral, filter out the resin, and spin off the solvent to separate the column.
  • Methyl lanceolate 328 mg was dissolved in 10 ml of dichloromethane, and 92 mg of m-CPBA (m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature overnight, followed by column separation to obtain 260 mg of a white solid, yield 77%.
  • m-CPBA m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid
  • Methyl oleic acid methylate was synthesized in a series of 3-keto-succinate methyl ester, 240mg was dissolved in 3ml of methylene chloride, then 4ml of methanol was added, and 150mg of ammonium acetate was added in an oil bath at 60 degrees Celsius, and reacted for 1 hour. After adding NaBH 3 CN (sodium cyanoborohydride) 20 mg, the reaction was carried out for 24 h, and then worked-up, and then evaporated to dryness. The solvent was evaporated, and then, 10 ml of water and 10 ml of ethyl acetate were added and extracted three times, and the ester layer was collected and separated by column.
  • NaBH 3 CN sodium cyanoborohydride
  • the compounds of the present invention have anti-influenza activity and can be used for the prevention or treatment of human or animal influenza, especially influenza A.
  • the compounds of the invention block influenza virus entry into cells, but are not limited to this mechanism.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered as a neat compound or a mixture of compounds, or preferably in a pharmaceutical excipient, diluent or carrier.
  • the active agent can be administered for treatment by any suitable route.
  • Suitable routes of administration may include oral, rectal, nasal, aerosol or particulate inhalation, topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, vaginal, intravesical, intra-abdominal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, Intravenous, intrasternal, intramembranous, epidural, and intradermal).
  • the compounds of the invention are particularly suitable for use as a spray for oral or intranasal spray administration or for sterilization or disinfection in an indoor or local environment.
  • the invention also relates to compositions comprising a compound of the invention, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additives and optionally other drugs.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable additives may be in the form of carriers, diluents, adjuvants and/or excipients, and may include all conventional solvents, dispersing agents, fillers, solid carriers, coating agents, antifungal or antibacterial agents, Penetrants, surfactants, isotonic and absorbent agents, and sustained release or controlled release matrices.
  • the active agent may be in the form of a kit suitable for the simultaneous, separate or sequential administration of the components of the active agent.
  • compositions may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by methods known in the pharmaceutical art. These methods comprise the step of mixing the active ingredient with a carrier, wherein the carrier is comprised of one or more adjuvants.
  • the compositions are prepared by uniformly and directly mixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers, diluents, adjuvants and/or excipients or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then shaping the product if necessary.
  • compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be in the form of separate units, such as capsules, sachets or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient; as a powder or granule; as a solution in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid Or a suspension; or as an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the active ingredient may also be in the form of a bolus, electuary or paste.
  • Tablets can be prepared by tableting or molding, optionally with one or more adjuvants.
  • Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing, in a suitable machine, the active ingredient such as a powder or granules, optionally with a binder (for example, inert diluents, preservatives, disintegrating agents, sodium starch glycolate, cross-polymerized Mix with ketone, croscarmellose sodium, surfactant or dispersant.
  • the stencil sheet can be prepared by molding a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent in a suitable machine.
  • the tablets may optionally be coated or scored and formulated to provide sustained or controlled release of the active ingredient, e.g., using varying proportions of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to produce the desired release properties.
  • the tablets may optionally be enteric coated for release in the gut portion rather than the stomach.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and nonaqueous isotonic sterile injectable solutions, which may contain an antioxidant, a buffer, a bacteriostatic agent, and a solutes that render the composition isotonic with the blood of the intended patient; And non-aqueous sterile A suspension, which may include a suspending agent and a thickening agent.
  • the composition may be presented in unit or multi-dose sealed containers such as ampoules and tubes, and may be stored under freeze-dry (lyophilized) conditions, requiring only the addition of a sterile liquid carrier such as water for injection prior to use.
  • Unprepared injection solutions and suspensions can be prepared from sterile powders, granules and granules of the type described above.
  • compositions suitable for topical application to the skin may comprise the active agent dissolved or suspended in any suitable carrier or carrier, and may be in the form of lotions, gels, creams, pastes, ointments and the like.
  • suitable carriers can include liquid paraffin, propylene glycol, waxes, polyoxyethylene, and long chain alcohols.
  • a transdermal device such as a patch may also be used, and a microporous film made of a suitable material such as nitric acid/cellulose acetate, propylene, and polycarbonate may be contained.
  • the patch may also contain suitable skin adhesion and substrate materials.
  • the active compounds of the invention may also be in the form of an implant which may comprise a polymeric device for the drug wherein the polymer is biocompatible and non-toxic.
  • Suitable polymers may include hydrogels, silicones, polyethylenes, and biodegradable polymers.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered in sustained (i.e., controlled release) or sustained release form.
  • Sustained release formulations are those in which the active ingredient is slowly released in the patient after administration and the desired drug concentration is maintained for a minimum period of time.
  • the preparation of sustained release formulations is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Dosage forms can include oral forms, implants, and transdermal forms.
  • the active ingredient can be suspended, for example, as a sustained release granule or in a liposome.
  • Suitable dosage ranges for the compounds of the invention are selected based on the particular activity of the compound selected, the condition of the patient, and the condition being treated. Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the dosage range according to their general knowledge and experience in the art.
  • a suitable dosage range for humans may be from 1 to 500 mg per person per day, for example from 10 to 300 mg, usually from 30 to 150 mg.
  • Cytopathic (CPE) inhibition test Influenza virus infects cells and causes cytopathic changes, resulting in decreased cell viability. If the drug can inhibit influenza virus replication, it will reduce the number of cytopathic effects and increase cell viability. Specifically:
  • Canine kidney epithelial cells were passaged to a white 96-well plate at a ratio of 1:3, and cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% FBS for 24 hours in a 37 °C cell culture incubator.
  • the medium of the MDCK cells in the 96-well plate was aspirated, and the medium mixed with the virus and the compound was added to the MDCK cells, 37.
  • the cells were cultured for 48 hours in a C cell incubator. Three replicate wells per sample.
  • Cell viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo Fluorescence Cell Activity Assay Kit (Cat. G7571, Promega). First, the cells and the CellTiter-Glo detection reagent were placed at room temperature, and the temperature was equilibrated to room temperature. The CellTiter-Glo detection reagent of ⁇ /well was added to the culture supernatant of the cells, and after shaking for 2 minutes, it was allowed to stand for 10 minutes in the dark. Cell viability was measured using the instrument Tecan Infinite M2000 PROTM.
  • CC 5 CC 5 .
  • Calculation method CellTiter-Glo can also be used to detect the toxicity of compounds to cells. The compounds are first serially diluted in concentration and then added to the cells in the same manner as 2) -4), but no virus is added. After 48 hours of culture, cell viability was measured. The control cell viability (1% DMS0) was then defined as 100%, and the cell viability of the other compound groups was normalized, divided by the cell viability of the control 1% DMSO, multiplied by 100%. The CC 50 can be calculated by inputting the concentration of the compound and the corresponding normalized cell viability into the software Prism.
  • MDCK cells were passaged into 12-well plates and cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% FBS for 24 h in a 37 °C cell culture incubator. The cell density was brought to 0.4 ⁇ 10 6 cells/well. Wash the cells once with PBS.
  • A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus 100 PFU/?L was mixed with serially diluted compounds, and the dilution was 2 g/mL TPCK-treated trypsin DMEM. The mixture was added to MDCK cells and placed in a 37 °C cell culture incubator for 1 h.
  • MDCK cells were passaged into six-well plates and cultured in a 37 °C cell culture incubator with DMEM medium containing 10% FBS for 24 h.
  • A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus (MOI-1) was diluted into serum-free DMEM to infect MDCK cells.
  • influenza virus is released from adsorption to progeny virions, and its replication cycle is about 6-8h. Therefore, the drug is added to the cell culture medium at the following time: 0 ⁇ 10, 0-2, 2-5, 5-8 or 8-10 h.
  • the cells were washed once with ice-cold PBS, and the cells were lysed with 200 ⁇ l/well of sputum lysate. The cells were scraped off with a cell scraper, inhaled into a 1.5 mL EP tube, and placed on ice for 15 min. The supernatant was transferred to another 1.5 mL EP tube by centrifugation at 12,000 rpm and 4 °C for 10 min.
  • influenza pseudovirus experiments are used to verify whether a compound acts on the virus entering the cell stage and whether the compound acts on other highly pathogenic influenza strains with a high degree of safety and operability.
  • the influenza pseudovirus is a recombinant virus particle whose core is derived from the genome of the retrovirus (the HIV genome from which the packaged gene is removed), and the outer layer is the envelope protein hemagglutinin protein (HA) of the influenza virus and Neuraminidase (NA). This recombinant virus can infect cells like an influenza virus, but it can only be replicated once and cannot be packaged for progeny virus.
  • HA and NA genes of influenza virus were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA4/TO for sequencing.
  • the plasmid was extracted using a plasmid extraction kit (Promega), and the concentration and purity of the plasmid were determined by a spectrophotometer for the next step of transfection.
  • the 293T cells were passaged into a 10 cm cell culture dish and cultured in a 37 ° C cell incubator for 24 h. The cells were exchanged for 1-2 h before plasmid transfection. 4) using the transfection reagent lipofectamine2000 (Invitrogen) The pcDNA4 / TO-HA, pcDNA4 / TO-NA and each vector pNL4-3 Shang uc.E 6 ⁇ ⁇ co-transfected into 293T cells, 4-6h after transfection, the medium was changed . See the lipofectamine2000 (Invitrogen) data sheet for specific procedures for transfection. The transfected cells were cultured in a 37 ° C cell incubator for 72 h.
  • Influenza pseudovirions are secreted into the culture supernatant.
  • the cell culture supernatant containing the pseudovirus was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter to remove cells and cell debris in the medium.
  • VSV pseudovirus Store the pseudovirus in a -80 ° C low temperature freezer for later use.
  • the VSV pseudovirus was prepared in the same manner as above, except that the VSVG-expressing plasmid was used to replace the influenza virus pcDNA4/TO-HA and pcDNA4/TO-NA.
  • MDCK cells were passaged into 96-well plates in black clear bottom and cultured in a 37 °C cell culture incubator for 24 h.
  • test compound was thoroughly mixed with the diluted pseudovirus, and the dilution was DMEM containing 2 g/mL TPCK-treated trypsin and 1% FBS.
  • the pseudovirus genome is deleted from the necessary genes required for viral replication, so the pseudovirus loses replication ability and is highly safe.
  • A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain we will also use the influenza virus strain AA ⁇ ietNam/1203/2004 (H5N 1 ) because this strain is a highly pathogenic influenza virus strain.
  • the ⁇ and ⁇ genes of these strains can be purchased from Beijing Yiqiao Shenzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and there is no need to operate live viruses, so the experiment is safe.
  • the pseudoviral contains the Luciferase reporter gene. Once it enters the cell, it can express the Luciferase gene. After lysing the cells, the enzyme substrate is added and the microplate reader reads.
  • Hemagglutination inhibition test This method is used to detect whether a drug affects the binding between a virus and a cellular receptor. specific method:
  • the reaction plate is inclined at 45°, and the red blood cells that sink at the bottom of the hole are sedimented along the inclined surface, indicating that the red blood cells are not or not completely agglomerated by the virus; if the red blood cells at the bottom of the hole are flattened at the bottom of the hole, Condensed into a uniform thin layer, indicating that red blood cells are agglutinated by the virus. After determining the hemagglutination titer of the influenza virus, determine the appropriate amount of virus to use.
  • Oleanolic acid and echinocystic acid are triterpenoids widely present in plants.
  • the methods for their isolation from plants are as follows. Plants rich in oleanolic acid and echinocystic acid, such as acacia, are immersed in ethanol for reflux. Extracting the polar part, and then removing the sugar contained by concentrated hydrochloric acid treatment, and finally separating a large amount of pure oleanolic acid and echinocystic acid by silica gel column chromatography and gradient elution of methylene chloride/methanol. ("Extraction and Separation of Natural Organic Compounds", 1994, Science and Technology Press). Oleanolic acid and echinocystic acid are also commercially available.
  • Q5 3 16 «-Dihydroxy-olean ⁇ -12-ene-28-acid-28-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetylarabinoside)
  • Q6 3y9,16 «-dihydroxy-oleanane-12-ene-28-acid-28-OWD-arabinoside
  • Example 3 3 hydroxy-oleanane-12-ene-28-acid-28-N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetylgalactoside) and ⁇ hydroxy-olean Synthesis of alkane-12-ene-28-acid-28-N-08-D-galactoside
  • Yl 1 3 ⁇ ,16 ⁇ -dihydroxy-olean ⁇ -12-ene-28-acid-28- ⁇ -(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl- ⁇ -D-mannose)
  • Y12 3 ⁇ ,16 ⁇ -dihydroxy-oleanane-12-ene-28-acid-28-N-(PD-mannose)
  • Y13 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-Usuoxi-12-ene-28-acid-28-N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl- ⁇ -D-galactoside)
  • Y16 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-ursane -12-ene-28-acid -28- ⁇ -( ⁇ - ⁇ -mannose).
  • Q9 can effectively inhibit the replication of influenza virus.
  • Compound C9 has a significant inhibitory effect on influenza virus by CPE inhibition test and plaque inhibition test, and is stronger than the positive drug ribavirin.
  • CPE inhibition test showed EC Q9 5Q of influenza virus is 48.7 ⁇ , while the positive Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate, OSV-P) of the EC 5 o 45.6 ⁇ , ribavirin (RBV) of the EC 5 o is 42.7 ⁇ (see Table 1).
  • Plaque inhibition experiments showed a sputum of Q9 against influenza virus: 50 ⁇ 5 ⁇ (see Figure 1).
  • the CC 5C of Q9 in A549, MDCK and 293 ⁇ cells was greater than 100 ⁇ , indicating that the cytotoxicity of Q9 was small.
  • Table 1 Activity of Q9 inhibition of influenza virus (WSN) and its cytotoxicity analysis.
  • EC 50 half effective concentration, ie the concentration of the compound that inhibits half of the cytopathic effect.
  • CPE cytopathic
  • influenza virus can form viral plaques on MDCK cells, and Q9 can inhibit more than half of the number of plaques at 5 ⁇ , ie IC50 ⁇ 5 M.
  • H5N1 is a highly pathogenic influenza virus
  • the present invention prepares H5N1 and H1N1 pseudoviruses to measure the broad spectrum of Q9 antiviral activity.
  • This type of pseudovirus is highly safe and can be operated in the P2 laboratory.
  • the antiviral activity against influenza viruses H1N1 and H5N1 was observed, and the inhibition rates were 61.9% and 16.8%, respectively.
  • Table 4 Pseudovirus experiments show that Q9 is able to inhibit H1N1 and H5N1 influenza virus pseudoviruses.
  • the pseudovirus is composed of the core protein of HIV and the envelope protein HA/NA of influenza virus. Both subtypes of influenza virus H1N1 and H5N1 pseudoviruses were inhibited by Q9; the concentration of Q9 was 50 ⁇ . DMSO was used as a negative control and the inhibition rate was set to zero.
  • the compound was mixed with the virus and added to the cells to observe the inhibitory effect of the compound on the virus-induced cytopathic effect. Only the compound plus virus group can be used to measure the cytotoxicity of the compound.
  • DMSO was used as a negative control. After passage of canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK) for 24 hours, the test compound was added to DMEM, mixed well and added to MDCK cells. After 48 hours, cell viability was detected by Celltiter-Glo assay kit. The results showed that Q9 has a very good inhibition of influenza virus activity and can significantly impair the infectivity of the virus; EA, Q Q2, Q3, Ql l and Q12 also show certain anti-influenza activity; other compounds have no obvious anti-influenza virus active.
  • EA, Q4 and Q6 have strong cytotoxicity.
  • Ql, Q2, Q3, Ql l and Q12 have no obvious Q9 in anti-influenza activity, but cytotoxicity is significant compared with EA. reduce.
  • Other compounds are very toxic. (See Tables 5 and 6)
  • Inhibition rate (%): The rate of protection of the compound against cytopathic effects. The calculation method is the same as the table 6.
  • strains include Duffy and Astragalus-resistant strains: A/LiaoNing-ZhenXing/1109/2010 (HlNl) is a Duffy-resistant strain; A/HuNan-ZhuHui/1222/2010 (H3N2) is King Kong Amine-resistant strains. This shows that the compound we invented not only inhibits influenza A virus, but also inhibits influenza B virus, and has a broad spectrum of antiviral effects. In addition, our compounds also have significant inhibitory effects on Tamiflu and amantadine-resistant strains. (See Table 10) Table 10. Results of broad-spectrum antiviral activity of compounds. Compound EC W ( ⁇ )"
  • H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34
  • LN/1109 H1N1
  • A/LiaoNing-ZhenXing/ 1 109/2010 H 1 N 1
  • JX/312 H3N2
  • A/JiangXi-DongHu/312/2006 H3N2
  • HN/1222 H3N2
  • A/HuNan-ZhuHui/1222/2010 H3N2
  • B/SZ/155 B/ShenZhen/155/2005.

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Abstract

本发明涉及式(I)的三萜衍生物用于生产预防或治疗流感疾病的药物的用途,其中所述取代基定义见说明书。本发明中的三萜衍生物对流感病毒具有明显的抑制作用,并且能够明显抑制流感病毒进入细胞,可以用于预防或治疗流感。

Description

说明书
三萜衍生物及其抗流感用途
技术领域
本发明涉及了一种三萜衍生物的新用途, 即其在预防或治疗流感尤其是甲型流感中的 用途。
背景技术
流感是由流感病毒 (influenza virus) 引起的一种急性、 传染性呼吸系统疾病。 根据其 内部核蛋白 (NP) 和基质蛋白 (M) 的抗原性不同, 流感病毒可分为 A型、 B型和 C 型。 A型 (又称甲型) 流感病毒大规模流行可引起极高的发病率和死亡率, 严重威胁 着人类的健康 (W.H.O. 2003; Coleman 2007)。 A型流感病毒在二十世纪主要引起了三次 大型流感,即 1918年的 H1N1 , 1957年的 H2N2以及 1968年的 H3N2,共造成约 5000 万人死亡 (Kilbourne 2006; Taubenberger, Hultin et al. 2007)。 2009年甲型流感也是由 H1N1流感病毒引起 (Dawood, Jain et al. 2009; Zimmer and Burke 2009), 其传播之迅速, 引起了世界的关注。 据统计, 全世界平均每年有 30-50万人死于流感 (Fiore, Shay et al. 2007)。
迄今, FDA批准的抗流感药物主要有两类。 第一类, 达菲 (Oseltamivir)和乐感清 (zanamivir)主要抑制流感病毒的祌经氨酸酶 (NA) , 阻断流感病毒从感染细胞中释放 出来 (Palese 2004; De Clercq 2006)。 第二类, 金刚烷胺 (amantadine)和金刚乙胺
(rimantadine)主要破坏流感病毒 M2蛋白离子通道活性, 能够抑制流感病毒的脱衣壳过 程(^^,1 & 61 &1. 2008)。 然而, 美国疾病预防控制中心抽样调査发现, 2008/2009年的 H3N2毒株和 2009年大流行 H1N1病毒中, 100%的毒株对金刚垸类药物都具有耐药性; 99.6%的季节性 H1N1流感病毒对达菲具有耐药性
( http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklvarchives2008-2009/weeklv35.htm ) 0
三萜类化合物是自然界中广泛存在的一类天然化合物, 其结构包括 A、 B、 C、 D、 E 五个环, 30个碳原子 (Hostettmann, K et al.1995; Waller, G.R. et al. 1996) 。 三萜类化 合物由于其多种多样的生物及药理活性而引起越来越广泛的关注, 如白桦脂酸及其衍 生物已在临床试验中用作抗肿瘤和抗 HIV的药物 (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,679,828; 6,689,767; 6,369,109; U.S. App. Pub. No. 2004/0204389) ; 齐墩果酸是保护肝脏防止化学试剂损 伤和防治 HIV感染的有效成份 (LiU,J. et al.2005 ) ; 此外, 最近欧洲研究人员报道山 楂酸能够抑制 HIV在体内的传播, 抑制率高达 80%以上。本专利申请人的尚未公开在 先申请 201110373224.3公开了一类三萜衍生物及其在预防和治疗病毒性肝炎中的用 途, 但是没有公幵预防或治疗流感的用途。 三萜类化合物对流感病毒的抑制作用则未 见报道。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供三萜类化合物、 其立体异构体、 差向异构体、 构型异构体或 其药学上可接受的盐或它们的水合物, 它们能够抑制流感病毒尤其是甲型流感病毒的 感染。
本发明的另一个目的是提供制备所述三萜及其衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐或它们的 水合物的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供所述的三萜衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐或它们的水合物 用于预防或治疗流感优选甲型流感的用途。
本发明的目的是通过具有下面的实施方案实现的。
本发明一方面提供了下式结构的化合物、 其立体异构体、 差向异构体、 构型异构体或 其药学上可接受的盐或它们的水合物以及它们在制备用于预防或治疗需要的患者 (包 括人和动物) 流感尤其是
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, 虚线部分表示可有可无, 即单键或双键;
R1是 XR1 ' , 其中 X为 0或 NH, Rl ' 为氢, 单糖, 寡糖, 多糖或者它们的衍生物, 或 维生素 C、 唾液酸、 氨基糖 (一、 二、 三等糖) 、 达菲及其前药; 所述 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖的衍生物"是指它们的一个羟基或多个羟基例如 2个、 3个或 4个羟基可以被取代基 例如 C1-C6垸酰氧基、 C1-C6垸氧基、 苯甲酰氧基和 /或苄氧基及其类似物 (例如其苯 环可被一个或多个卤素、 硝基、 氨基和 /或 C1-C6垸基取代) 取代; 它们的一个羟基可 以被氢、 氨基或乙酰氨基取代; R2和 R7各自独立选自 H, 卤素, 羟基, 氰基, 硝基, 巯基, 羰基, C1-C6硫垸基, 未 取代的 C1-C6垸基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C6烷基, 氨基, NR11 ' R12' ,其 中 RU ' 和 R12' 各自独立选自未取代的 C1-C6垸基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C6院基;
R3, R4, R5, R6和 R8各自独立选自 H, 未取代的 C1-C6垸基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取 代的 C1-C6烷基;
R9选自 H, 卤素, 羟基, 氰基, 硝基, 巯基, C1-C6硫垸基, 羰基, 肟基, 未取代的 C1-C6烷基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C6垸基;
RIO, Rl l , R12, R13 , 和 R14各自独立选自 H, OH, NHR9, (其中 R9, 是11、 未 取代的 C1-C3垸基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C3烷基) 巯基, C1-C6硫垸基, 未 取代的 C1-C3烷基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C3烷基,
条件是: 当 R7是羟基时, R2和 R1 ' 不都是氢。
按照本发明的一个实施方案, 其中 RIO, Rl l , R12, R13, 和 R14各自独立选自 H, 羟基, 氨基, 未取代的 C1-C3烷基 "优选甲基"或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C3 垸基优选甲基。
按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中 R10, Rl l , R12, R13和 R14各自独立选自 H、 羟 基、 氨基或甲基; 优选 RU 和 R12各自独立选自 H或甲基, R10是 H, 和 /或 R13和 R14 各自独立选自 H, OH或 NH2。
按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中所述药物通过口服、 直肠、 鼻、 气雾或颗粒吸入、 局部包括含化和舌下、 经皮、 阴道、 膀胱内、 伤口内和胃肠外途径给药; 优选为喷雾 剂, 用于口腔或鼻内喷雾给药或者室内或局部环境灭菌和消毒。
按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中所述单糖独立选自葡萄糖, 甘露糖, 果糖, 木糖, 阿拉伯糖, 半乳糖, 核糖或脱氧核糖, 其中所述寡糖是麦芽糖, 蔗糖或乳糖, 或者其 中所述衍生物是 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖"的 1个、 2个、 3个或 4个羟基被 C1-C4垸酰氧基、 C1-C4垸氧基、 苯甲酰氧基和 /或苄氧基取代; 或者它们的一个羟基被氢、 氨基或乙酰 氨基取代; 优选 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖" 的一个羟基或 2个、 3个或 4个羟基被乙酰氧基、 苄氧基、 甲氧基和 /或苯甲酰氧基取代; 或者 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖"的一个羟基被氢、 氨基或乙酰氨基取代。
按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中所述糖是氨基糖, 例如新霉胺、 新霉素、 卡纳霉 素或庆大霉素。 按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中所述 X为 0或 NH, 所述糖是单糖或二糖, 或者单 糖或二糖的羟基被乙酰氧基取代的乙酰化衍生物。
按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中所述 R2独立选自 H, OH, 羰基, SH或 NH2, 优选 H、 OH或羰基。
按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中所述1 3, 4,1 5,1 6和 8各自独立选自甲基。 按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中所述 R7独立选自 H, OH, 羰基, NH2或 SH, 优选 OH或羰基。
按照本发明的另一个实施方案, 其中所述化合物为
刺囊酸,
3Α16α-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-0-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 - ?-D-葡萄糖苷),
3A16ct-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-0-W-D-葡萄糖苷),
3yff,16a-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-(2,3,4-三 -O-乙酰基 D-木糖苷),
3/9,16α-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-W-D-半乳糖苷),
3y9,16a-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-09-D-乳糖苷),
3A16ct-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O- (七 -O-乙酰基 -yg-D-麦芽糖苷),
3 ,16 0 -二羟基-齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸-28- (2,3,4,6-四-0-乙酰基- -0-半乳糖苷),
3 ,16 σ -二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N- ( -D-半乳糖苷),
3,16-二酮-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 乙酰基- -D-半乳糖苷),
3,16-二酮-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-( -D-半乳糖苷),
3 -羟基 -齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 乙酰基- -D-半乳糖苷),
3 ^-轻基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-( 半乳糖苷),
3 羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 乙酰基- 甘露糖苷)或
3 ^-羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-( 半乳糖苷)。
当上述化合物含有手性原子时, 均包括 R和 S两种构型以及它们的混合物。
上述衍生物中的糖残基部分也包括所述糖的差向异构体。
本发明另一方面也提供了上述三萜衍生物, 但是不包括现有技术已知的化合物, 例如 剌囊酸。
本发明另一方面也提供了制备所述三萜衍生物的方法, 如下文本发明的化合物制备方 法部分所述。
同时, 本发明提供了本发明所述三萜衍生物预防或治疗流感尤其是甲型流感的用途。 此外,本发明提供了一种抑制流感病毒感染,尤其是流感病毒进入宿主细胞的抑制剂, 其中所述抑制剂含有所述三萜衍生物。
此外, 本发明还提供了一种预防或治疗流感的药物, 其含有所述的三萜衍生物。
此外, 本发明还提供了预防或治疗流感尤其是甲型流感的方法, 该方法包括向人或其 它哺乳动物使用所述的三萜衍生物。 附图说明
图 1 : 噬斑抑制实验验证 Q9对流感病毒的抑制作用图。 纵坐标显示形成噬斑的数量; 横坐标显示的是化合物的浓度。
图 2.加药时间点实验检测 Q9作用于病毒复制的哪个阶段。 (A)加药时间点实验的设 计模式图。用 MOI=1.5的 WSN病毒感染 MDCK细胞,然后在感染后 ( 0、 0-2、 2-5、 5-8或 8-10h加入 50μΜ的 Q9。 感染后 10h收获细胞裂解液, 用 Western检测病毒的 复制情况。 (B) 加药时间点 Western检测结果。 GAPDH作为细胞内参, NP作为检 测流感病毒的标志物。
图 3.血凝抑制验证 Q9是否影响流感病毒与细胞受体之间的结合。 流感病毒(WSN毒 株) 的血凝素蛋白 (HA) 可以凝集红细胞, 即无红点。 HA可以介导流感病毒进入细 胞。 Anti-HA: HA的抗体, 作为本实验的阳性对照。 DMSO为阴性对照。病毒用量(25 稀释) , 每孔加入 50ul 1%鸡红细胞。
图 4. 假病毒实验检测 对 H1N1和 H5N1流感病毒假病毒的抑制效果。 假病毒是由 HIV的核心蛋白和流感病毒的囊膜蛋白 HA/NA组成。 流感病毒的两种亚型 H1N1和 H5N1假病毒都被 Q9抑制; Q9浓度为 50μΜ。 DMSO作为阴性对照, 抑制率设为零。 图 5. 在 50μΜ浓度下,各化合物对 MDCK细胞的毒性检测。以 DMSO作为阴性对照。 犬肾上皮细胞 (MDCK) 传代 24h后, 将药物加入到 DMEM中, 充分混匀后加入到 MDCK细胞中, 48h后用 Celltiter-Glo检测试剂盒检测细胞活力。
图 6. 在 50μΜ浓度下, 各化合物抗流感病毒活性。 以 DMSO作为阴性对照。 犬肾上 皮细胞 (MDCK) 传代 24h后, 将 WSN病毒 (ΜΟΙ=1 ) 与待检化合物加入到 DMEM 中, 充分混匀后加入到 MDCK细胞中, 48h后用 Celltiter-Glo检测试剂盒检测细胞活 力。 感染率(Infectivity) =100%-化合物对细胞病变的保护率。 化合物对细胞病变的保 护率 =100% x(l-(Test compound― Median Virus l)/(Median Cells - Median Virus2)).其中 Test compound表示只加待检化合物不加病毒组的细胞活力; Median Virusl表示加了 待检化合物和病毒组的细胞活力; Median Cells表示只加入 1% DMSO组的细胞活力;
Median Virus2表示加入 1%DMS0和病毒组的细胞活力。
图 7. 在 50μΜ浓度下, 各化合物对 MDCK细胞的毒性检测。 方法同图 5。
图 8. 在 50μΜ浓度下, 各化合物抗流感病毒活性。 方法同图 6。
具体实施方式
定义
术语 "C1-C4垸基"是指含有一到四个碳原子的烷基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙 基、 正丁基、 异丁基、 叔丁基。
术语 "C1-C6垸基"是指含有一到六个碳原子的直链或支链烷基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基、 叔丁基、 戊基或己基等。
术语 "单糖"是指不能水解成更简单的多羟基醛或多羟基酮的糖类。 单糖的通式是 CnH2nOn。 根据分子中所含的碳原子数, 单糖分为丙糖、 丁糖、 戊糖和己糖等。 如果 结构是多羟基醛的单糖叫醛糖 (如核糖是戊醛糖; 葡萄糖、 半乳糖是己醛糖) , 如果 结构是多羟基酮的单糖叫酮糖 (如果糖、 山梨糖是己酮糖) 。 单糖中最重要的是葡萄 糖和果糖。 单糖主要以环状半缩糖结构 (氧环式结构) 的形式存在, 例如核糖、 阿拉 伯糖、 木糖、 核酮糖、 葡萄糖、 果糖、 半乳糖等。
术语"寡糖"是指由二个以上九个以下相同或不同的单糖分子缩合、 失水而组成的 糖, 例如麦芽糖、 蔗糖或乳糖。
术语 "多糖"是指由十个以上相同或不同的单糖分子缩合、 失水而组成的糖, 例 如淀粉、 环糊精等。
术语 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖的衍生物 "是指它们的一个羟基或多个羟基例如 2个、 3个 或 4个羟基可以被取代基例如 C1-C6烷酰氧基、 C1-C6垸氧基、苯甲酰氧基和 /或苄氧 基及其类似物 (例如其苯环可被一个或多个卤素、 硝基、 氨基和 /或 C1-C6烷基取代) 取代; 它们的一个羟基可以被氢、 氨基或乙酰氨基取代。
术语 "氨基糖"是指糖的一个或多个羟基为氨基所取代的单糖, 寡糖或多糖, 例 如新霉胺、 链霉素、 卡那霉素、 新霉素或庆大霉素等。
术语 "三萜"是指有数个异戊二烯去掉羟基后首尾相连构成的物质, 大部分为 30 个碳原子, 少部分含 27个碳原子的萜类化合物, 例如齐顿果酸、 剌囊酸等。 术语 "卤素"是指氟、 氯、 溴或碘。
术语 "C1-C6硫垸基"是指其中一个氢原子被硫原子取代的 C1-C6烷基。 术语" C1-C6垸氧基"是指其中 C1-C6垸基与氧原子连接后生成的基团, 例如甲氧基、 乙氧基、 己氧基。
术语 "C1-C6垸酰氧基"是指其中 C1-C6垸基与酰氧基连接后生成的基团, 例如乙酰 氧基。 本发明化合物的制备方法
本发明另一方面提供了一种制备上述化合物的方法。
本发明中的所涉及的三萜化合物及衍生物可以通过天然植物提取,和 /或化学合成或半 合成或结构化学修饰完成。 在发明的一个实施方案中, 某些三萜化合物可以通过从植 物中提取或者从市场购买获得, 其它一些三萜化合物可以通过上述的三萜化合物经过 结构改造或化学合成或半合成获得。
提取方法包括将含有丰富三萜的植物浸泡于极性溶剂中回流, 过滤去除不溶物然后浓 缩, 再经过酸处理, 最后通过硅胶柱层析 (例如二氯甲垸 /甲醇梯度洗脱)分离出三萜 苷元。 本领域技术人员采用常规方法提取了一系列天然存在的三萜皂苷元, 例如: 齐 墩果酸、 白桦脂酸、 刺囊酸 (EA)等, 它们可以从市场上购得, 并可用于合成本发明 衍生物的原料。
某些衍生物的半合成方法包括将三萜苷元的羟基通过保护基保护,然后活化其羧基 (例 如生成酰氯、 酯或酐) , 与糖或氨基糖偶合, 最后脱保护生成三萜皂苷。
本领域技术人员采用本领域常规技术可以制备三萜化合物的药学上可接受的盐或其的 水合物。
本领域技术人员可以参考中国专利申请号 201 Π0373224.3说明书中的方法制备本发明 的化合物, 上述申请的全部内容这里通过引用全部并入本文。 例如, 可以采用下面所 述的一般合成方法和实施例以及类似方法制备本发明的化合物。 一般合成方法
可以采用不同的反应来制备本发明各种三萜化合物。
Figure imgf000010_0001
剌囊酸 -葡萄糖缀合物的合成路线 采用类似的方法可得到一系列剌囊酸-糖缀合物和齐墩果酸 -糖缀合物. 以下为具体反应操作步骤-
(1) 糖上羟基的全乙酰化保护反应 采用经典的吡啶 /乙酸酐(1.2eq) =2/1的反应比例, 加入 2g单糖或二糖原料和适量催 化剂 DMAP, 室温反应, 12h后薄层检测, 展开剂比例石油醚: 乙酸乙酯 =2:1。 后处理: 旋干吡啶, 二氯甲垸溶解后 INHCr溶液洗漆, MgS04干燥后蒸除溶剂, 收 率 95-98%, 待用。 粗产物可直接用于下步反应, 无需纯化, 但要保证薄层上产物点单一, 若产物点不单 一, 则需经柱层析纯化。
(2) 溴代糖供体的制备 取 lmmol全乙酰化保护糖, 二氯甲垸溶解, 冰浴条件下滴加 2eq的 HBr-HOAc溶液, lh后温度升至室温, 反应 13h。 后处理: 适量水洗涤后, 饱和 NaHC03溶液洗涤, 无需干燥直接进行下一步反应。
(3 ) 刺囊酸糖基化反应 此步反应采用近年来兴起的相转移催化反应, 取上一步反应得到的未干燥分离的糖供 体, 加入 20mL二氯甲烷溶解后, 依次加入 188.8mg 刺囊酸 (EA) , 138mg K2C03, 51.52mg四正丁基溴化铵, 2mL水, 50°C条件下回流反应, 并用 N2保护。 12h后停止 反应。
后处理: 反应液 10mL水洗一次, MgS04干燥后柱分离。
此步反应条件温和, 后处理简便, 收率较高。 在这步反应中尽管糖供体不同, 该反应 均会产生一个极性小于 EA的副产物, 其可通过常规分离方法除去。
(4) 中间产物高选择性的脱乙酰化反应
将反应物溶于适量 MeOH中, 加入适量 MeONa, 室温下反应, TLC检测反应的进程, 一般的该反应在一个小时完成。
后处理: 加入阳离子交换树脂, 调 pH至中性, 将树脂过滤掉, 滤液旋干溶剂后柱分 离。
12位酮 /羟基的衍生物的
Figure imgf000011_0001
刺囊酸甲酯 328mg溶解在 10ml的二氯甲垸中, 加入 m-CPBA (间氯过氧苯甲酸) 92mg, 常温反应, 过夜, 然后进行柱分离, 得到白色固体 260mg, 收率 77%。
12-羟基-剌囊酸的合成:
Figure imgf000012_0001
上述化合物 150mg溶解在 5ml的甲醇中, 冰浴, 加入硼氢化钠 36mg, 反应过夜, 处 理方式: 蒸干大部分溶剂, 加水萃取, 加入 1M的 HCL 3ml, 用乙酸乙酯萃取三次, 收集, 蒸干, 用石油醚 /乙酸乙酯 =2: 1进行柱分离, 得到白色固体 122mg, 收率 75%。
3位羟基的修饰- 3,16-二酮的合成
Figure imgf000012_0002
在 25mL圆底瓶中加入 120mg EA甲酯, 200mg 无水碳酸氢钠及 410mg Dess-martin氧 化剂, 以二氯甲垸为溶剂常温反应 48小时, 反应体系为乳白色悬浊液。 过滤, 减压去 除溶剂, 得到的固体通过色谱柱分离纯化; 展开剂: 石油醚: 乙酸乙酯 =3: 1, 得到白 色固体 EA甲酯二酮 62mg; 收率 52%。
3位氨基的合成
Figure imgf000012_0003
刺囊酸甲酯通过一系列合成 3-酮-刺囊酸甲酯, 取 240mg溶解在 3ml的二氯甲垸中, 而后加入甲醇 4ml, 油浴 60 摄氏度加入乙酸胺 150mg, 反应 lh, 冷却后加入 NaBH3CN (氰基硼氢化钠) 20mg, 反应 24h, 后处理, 蒸干大部分溶剂, 加入 10ml的 水和 10ml 的乙酸乙酯萃取, 三次, 收集酯层, 柱分离。 先用石油醚 /乙酸乙酯 =1 : 1 冲洗柱子, 而后用二氯甲垸 /甲醇 =8.5: 1洗脱, 得到白色固体 168mg, 收率 70%。 本领域技术人员可以制备其他三萜化合物衍生物。 本发明化合物的活性
本发明的化合物具有抗流感病毒活性, 能够用于预防或治疗人或动物流感, 尤其是甲 型流感。 本发明化合物可阻断流感病毒进入细胞, 但不仅局限于此机制。 本发明化合物可以以纯净化合物或化合物的混合物的形式给药, 或者优选在药物赋形 剂、 稀释剂或载体中给药。
可以通过任何适当的途径来施用活性剂进行治疗。 适当的施用途径可以包括口服、 直 肠、 鼻、 气雾或颗粒吸入剂、 局部 (包括含化和舌下) 、 经皮、 阴道、 膀胱内、 伤口 内和胃肠外 (包括皮下、 肌内、 静脉内、 胸骨内、 膜内、 硬膜外和真皮内) 。 本发明 化合物特别适合制成喷雾剂, 用于口腔或鼻内喷雾给药或者室内或局部环境灭菌和消 毒。
本发明也涉及组合物, 包含本发明化合物, 与一种或多种药学可接受的添加剂和任选 的其他药物一起。 药学可接受的添加剂可以是载体、 稀释剂、 佐剂和 (或) 赋形剂的 形式, 可以包括所有常规的溶剂、 分散剂、 填充剂、 固体载体、 包衣剂、 抗真菌或抗 菌剂、 皮渗透剂、 表面活性剂、 等张剂和吸收剂, 和缓释或控释基质。 活性剂可以以 适合同时、 分开或连续施用活性剂的组分的试剂盒的形式。 在与组合物的其他成分相 容和患者生理耐受的意义上, 每种载体、 稀释剂、 佐剂和 /或赋形剂必须是 "药学可接 受的" 。 该组合物可以方便地以单元剂型的形式存在, 可以通过制药领域公知的方法 来制备。 这些方法包括将活性成分与载体相混合的步骤, 其中载体是由一种或多种助 剂组成的。 一般地, 制备该组合物, 包括将活性成分与液体载体、 稀释剂、 佐剂和 / 或赋形剂或精细分离的固体载体或两者均匀和直接地混合,然后如果必要使产物成型。 适合口服的本发明的组合物可以是以每个都包含预定量的活性成分的分离单元例如胶 囊、 囊剂或片剂的形式存在; 作为粉末或颗粒; 作为水相或非水液体中的溶液或混悬 液; 或者作为水包油性液体乳剂或油包水性乳剂。 活性成分也可以以大丸剂、 药糖剂 或糊剂的形式存在。
可以通过任选与一种或多种助剂压片或成模来制备片剂。 可以通过在适当的机器中压 制自由流动形式例如粉末或颗粒的活性成分来制备压制片,任选与粘合剂 (例如惰性稀 释剂、 防腐剂、 崩解剂、 淀粉羟乙酸钠、 交联聚维酮、 交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、 表面活 性剂或分散剂混合。 可以通过在适当的机器中将用惰性液体稀释剂湿润的粉末状化合 物的混合物成型来制备模印片。 任选可以将片剂包衣或刻痕, 可以通过配制来缓释或 控释活性成分, 例如使用不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素来产生所需的释放性质。 片剂 任选可以具有肠溶衣, 以在肠部分而不是胃中释放。
适合胃肠外施用的组合物包括水性和非水性等张无菌注射溶液,其可以包含抗氧化剂、 缓冲剂、 抑菌剂和使组合物与所预期的患者的血液等张的溶质; 和水性和非水性无菌 混悬液, 其可以包括助悬剂和增稠剂。 该组合物可以存在于单位剂量或多剂量的密封 容器例如安瓿和管中, 可以贮存在冷冻 -干燥 (冻干)条件下, 仅需要在使用前加入无菌 液体载体例如注射用水。 可以由上述种类的无菌粉末、 颗粒和片剂来制备无准备的注 射溶液和混悬液。
适合局部施用于皮肤, 即经皮施用的组合物可以包含溶解或悬浮在任何适当的载体或 基质中的活性剂, 可以是洗剂、 凝胶、 乳膏、 糊剂、 软膏等等的形式。 适当的载体可 以包括液状石蜡、 丙二醇、 蜡、 聚氧乙烯和长链醇。 也可以使用经皮装置例如贴剂, 可以包含适当材料例如硝酸 /乙酸纤维素、 丙烯和聚碳酸酯制成的微孔膜。 贴剂也可以 包含适当的皮肤粘附性和基底材料。
本发明的活性化合物也可以以植入物的形式存在, 其可以包含药物的聚合性装置, 其 中聚合物是生物相容性的和无毒性的。 适当的聚合物可以包括水凝胶、 硅酮、 聚乙烯 和生物可降解的聚合物。
本发明的化合物可以以持续 (即控释) 或缓释的形式施用。 持续释放制剂是其中施用 后活性成分在患者体内缓慢释放并在最小的时间里维持所需的药物浓度的制剂。 持续 释放制剂的制备是本领域技术人员公知的。 剂型可以包括口服形式、 植入物和经皮形 式。 对于缓释施用, 活性成分可以作为例如, 缓释颗粒悬浮或在脂质体内。
依据选择的化合物的特定活性、 患者状况以及要处理的病症选择本发明化合物适合的 剂量范围。 本领域技术人员可以根据其普通知识和在本领域的经验适合的剂量范围。 例如对于流感, 人类适合的剂量范围可以为每人每天 l-500mg, 例如 10-300mg, 通常 为 30-150mg。 本发明化合物抑制流感病毒进入细胞的生物活性评价方法
1.细胞病变(CPE)抑制试验。 流感病毒感染细胞后会导致细胞病变, 使得细胞活力 降低。 如果药物能够抑制流感病毒复制, 则会降低细胞病变数量, 提高细胞活力。 具 体来说:
1 )将犬肾上皮细胞(MDCK) 以 1 :3的比例传代到白色的 96孔板中, 在 37°C细胞培 养箱中用含 10% FBS的 DMEM培养基培养 24h。
2)将流感病毒 [A/WSN/33 (H1N1), 感染复数(MOI) =1 ]与一定浓度的待检化合物 加入到 ΙΟΟμΙ含有 2 g/mL TPCK处理的胰酶、 1% FBS的 DMEM中, 充分混匀。 化 合物的阴性对照为 1% DMSO (稀释化合物所用的溶剂) 。 同时设立一组只加各化合 物不加病毒实验组, 用来检测化合物对细胞活力的影响。
3 )将 96孔板中的 MDCK细胞的培养基吸出,将混合有病毒和化合物的培养基加入到 MDCK细胞中, 37。C细胞培养箱中培养 48h。 每个样品三个复孔。
4) 用 CellTiter-Glo荧光细胞活性检测试剂盒 (Cat. G7571, Promega) 检测细胞活力。 首先将细胞和 CellTiter-Glo检测试剂放于室温环境, 待其温度平衡至室温, 将 ΙΟΟμΙ/ 孔的 CellTiter-Glo检测试剂加入到细胞的培养上清中,震动 2min后,避光静置 10min。 用仪器 Tecan InfiniteM2000 PRO™检测细胞活力。
5 ) EC50的计算方法: 首先对化合物进行浓度系列稀释, 然后利用上述方法测定出细 胞活力。化合物对细胞病变的保护率 =100x(l-(Test compound - Median Virus l)/(Median Cells - Median Virus2)).其中 Test compound表示只加待检化合物不加病毒组的细胞活 力; Median Virusl表示加了待检化合物和病毒组的细胞活力; Median Cells表示只加 入 1% DMS0组的细胞活力; Median Virus2表示加入 1%DMS0和病毒组的细胞活力。 将化合物浓度和相应的保护率输入到软件 Prism, 即可计算 EC5o。 此方法己被广泛应 用于抗病毒药物筛选领域 (Noah, Severson et al. 2007)。
6) CC5。的计算方法: CellTiter-Glo也可以用来检测化合物对细胞的毒性。 首先对化合 物进行浓度系列稀释, 然后将其加入到细胞中, 方法同 2) --4) , 但不加入病毒。 培 养 48h后, 测定细胞活力。 然后将对照组细胞活力 (1%DMS0) 定义为 100%, 将其 他各化合物组细胞活力标准化, 除以对照组 l%DMSO的细胞活力, 再乘以 100%。 将 化合物的浓度和相应的标准化的细胞活力输入到软件 Prism, 即可计算出 CC50
2. 噬斑抑制实验。利用噬斑抑制实验进一步印证化合物的抗病毒效果。具体方法如下:
1 ) 将 MDCK细胞传代到 12孔板中, 在 37°C细胞培养箱中用含 10% FBS的 DMEM 培养基培养 24h。 使细胞密度达到 0.4χ106细胞 /孔。 用 PBS清洗细胞一次。
2)将 A/WSN/33 (H1N1 )病毒(100PFU/?L)与系列稀释的化合物混合,稀释液为 2 g/mL TPCK处理胰酶的 DMEM。 将混合液加入 MDCK细胞中, 置于 37°C细胞培养箱中吸 附 lh。
3 )将病毒液吸出, 用 PBS清洗细胞三次, 除去未吸附的病毒。
4) 用 lmL含有 1.5%低熔点琼脂糖、 待检化合物、 2 g/mL TPCK处理胰酶的无酚红 DMEM覆盖细胞。 注意温度不能过高, 以免将细胞烫死。 5) 待 4。C琼脂糖凝固后 (10-15min) 倒置放于在 37°C培养箱培养。 3-4天后对噬斑 进行计数, 计算病毒滴度。 如果化合物对病毒有抑制作用, 则噬斑数量会减少。
3. 加药时间点实验。 用以分析化合物作用于病毒感染细胞的哪一阶段。 具体步骤:
1 )将 MDCK细胞传代到六孔板中,在 37°C细胞培养箱中用含 10% FBS的 DMEM培 养基培养 24h。
2)将 A/WSN/33(H1N1)病毒(MOI-1 )稀释到不含血清的 DMEM中, 感染 MDCK细 胞。
3 )流感病毒从吸附到子代病毒粒子释放, 其复制周期约为 6-8h。故在以下时间段将药 物加入到细胞培养基中: 0~10、 0-2、 2-5、 5-8或 8-10 h。
4)感染 10h后,用冰预冷的 PBS清洗细胞一次,用 200μ1/孔的 ΡΙΡΑ裂解液裂解细胞。 用细胞刮将细胞刮下, 吸入 1.5mL EP管中, 置于冰上 15min。 以 12,000 rpm4°C离心 lOmin, 将上清液转移到另一个 1.5mL EP管中。
5 ) 吸取 30μ1样品与等体积的 2 X蛋白上样缓冲液混合, 100°C煮样 10min。
6) 将煮好的样品各 20μ1加入到 12%的蛋白质凝胶加样孔中, 进行 SDS-PAGE电泳。
7) 用免疫印迹法 (Western blotting) 检测流感病毒的 NP蛋白的表达水平 (以此来检 测病毒在细胞内的复制情况) ; 同时以细胞蛋白 GAPDH作为细胞内参 (也可用于验 证药物对细胞的毒性) 。
4. 假病毒实验。 流感病毒假病毒实验用来验证化合物是否作用于病毒进入细胞阶段, 以及化合物是否作用于其它高致病流感毒株, 具有高度的安全性和可操作性。 流感假 病毒是一种重组的病毒颗粒, 它的核心是来源于反转录病毒的基因组 (除去包装基因 的 HIV基因组),而外层是流感病毒的囊膜蛋白血凝素蛋白(HA)和神经氨酸酶 (NA)。 这种重组病毒能够像流感病毒一样感染细胞, 但只能复制一次, 不能够进行子代病毒 包装。
假病毒的制备及化合物抑制假病毒感染实验的具体方法-
1 )将流感病毒的 HA和 NA基因克隆到真核表达载体 pcDNA4/TO中,进行测序鉴定。
2) 利用质粒中提试剂盒 (Promega) 对质粒进行提取, 利用分光光度计测定质粒浓度 和纯度, 用于下一步转染。
3 ) 将 293T细胞传代到 10cm细胞培养皿中, 37°C细胞培养箱中培养 24h。 在质粒转 染前 l-2h对细胞进行换液。 4)利用转染试剂 lipofectamine2000 (Invitrogen)将 pcDNA4/TO-HA、 pcDNA4/TO-NA 与 pNL4-3丄 uc.E 载体各 6μ§共转染到 293T细胞中, 转染后 4-6h换液。 转染具体步 骤见 lipofectamine2000 (Invitrogen)产品说明书。将转染后的细胞在 37°C细胞培养箱 中培养 72h。
5 )流感假病毒粒子会被分泌到培养上清中。 用 0.45μΜ的滤器过滤含有假病毒的细胞 培养上清, 以除去培养基中的细胞和细胞碎片。
6)将假病毒储存在 -80°C低温冰箱中备用。 VSV假病毒制备方法同上, 唯一的区别是 用表达 VSVG的质粒取代流感病毒的 pcDNA4/TO-HA和 pcDNA4/TO-NA。
7) 将 MDCK细胞传代到黑色透明底的 96孔板中, 在 37°C细胞培养箱中培养 24h。
8) 将待检化合物与稀释过的假病毒进行充分混合, 稀释液为含有 2 g/mL TPCK处理 的胰酶、 1% FBS的 DMEM。
9)吸去 96孔板中的细胞培养基, 然后将 ΙΟΟμΙ/孔的混合液加入到细胞中, 在 37°C细 胞培养箱中培养 48h。 每个化合物三个复孔, 每种化合物都包含一组 VSV假病毒实验 组, 用来检测化合物对流感假病毒作用的特异性。
10 ) 利用 Bright-glo 萤光素酶检测系统 (Promega ) 检测感染细胞中的萤光素酶 (luciferase) 的活性。 首先将细胞培养板和检测试剂置于室温环境, 将其温度平衡到 室温。 然后将 ΙΟΟμΙ/孔检测试剂加入到 96孔板中, 震荡 10s, 避光静置 2min。 然后利 用分光光度计测定 luciferase活性。
所制备的假病毒基因组中缺失病毒复制所需的必要基因,所以假病毒丧失了复制能力, 安全性高。 除了 A/WSN/33(H1N1)毒株外, 我们还将选用的流感病毒毒株有 AA^ietNam/1203/2004(H5N 1 ) , 因为此毒株为高致病性流感病毒毒株。 这些毒株的 ΗΑ 和 ΝΑ基因均可从北京义翘神州生物技术有限公司购买到, 无需操作活病毒, 所以实 验是安全的。假病毒粒子中含有 Luciferase报告基因,一旦进入细胞便可表达 Luciferase 基因, 裂解细胞后加入酶的底物, 酶标仪读数。
5. 血凝抑制试验。 此方法用来检测药物是否影响病毒与细胞受体之间的结合。 具体方 法:
1 ) 制备 1% (v/v) 的鸡红细胞悬液。 选 1-2只健康鸡, 将血液采集到等量抗凝液中混 匀, 置 4°C冰箱保存。 以 800-1000rpm离心 5分钟, 用吸管吸去上清液和红细胞上层 的白细胞薄膜, 将沉淀的红细胞加生理盐水, 慢慢混合均匀, 再在离心机中 800rpm 离心 5分钟, 弃去上清液, 再加生理盐水混匀, 如此反复离心 4-5次, 最后一次离心 后的红细胞,弃去上清液。放入 4'C冰箱中可保存 2-3天。使用时用 lmL吸管吸取 O.lmL 红细胞, 然后加入 9.9mL的生理盐水, 此即 1%红细胞悬液。
2) 确定病毒的血凝效价。 将 WSN流感病毒以 2倍梯度做倍比稀释, 稀释液为 PBS。
3 ) 将病毒液与 1%红细胞悬液等体积 (各 50μ1) 混合加入到 V底的 96孔板中。 置于 微量振荡器上振荡 lmin, 室温静置孵育 30min。
4)将反应板倾斜成 45°, 沉于孔底的红细胞沿着倾斜面向下呈线状流动者为沉淀, 表 明红细胞未被或不完全被病毒凝集; 如果孔底的红细胞铺平孔底, 凝成均匀薄层, 表 明红细胞被病毒所凝集。 在确定流感病毒的血凝效价后, 确定合适的病毒使用量。
5)将药物、 DMSO (阴性对照)或抗 HA的特异性单克隆抗体 (阳性对照) 与病毒液 混合后加入到细胞混悬液中。 观察化合物对红细胞凝集有没有抑制效果。 本发明是用以下给出的实施例详细描述, 所述实施例是用作举例说明的, 因此, 不应 当解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。 齐墩果酸和刺囊酸的提取与分离
齐墩果酸和刺囊酸是植物中广泛存在的三萜类天然物,它们从植物中的分离方法如下, 将含有丰富齐墩果酸和刺囊酸的植物如皂荚等浸泡于乙醇中回流,提取极性大的部分, 再经过浓盐酸处理去除所含的糖, 最后通过硅胶柱层析和二氯甲垸 /甲醇梯度洗脱就分 离出大量的纯品齐墩果酸和刺囊酸 ( 《天然有机化合物提取与分离》 1994年, 科技出 版社) 。 齐墩果酸和刺囊酸也可以通过市场上购买获得。 实施例 13β,16α-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-0-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 -β-D-葡萄糖 苷)和 3β,16α-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-0-(P-D-葡萄糖苷)的合成
Figure imgf000018_0001
取 D-葡萄糖 3 g于 50 mL反应瓶中, 加入吡啶 24 mL溶解, 依次加入醋酸酐 12 mL, 催化量 DMAP, 室温反应过夜后停止反应。 TLC监测, 展开剂 PE: AcOEt = l : 1。 旋 干溶剂后展开剂 (PE: AcOEt = l : 1 ) 20 mL溶解, 闪式柱分离, 待用。 取上述产物 390 mg于 25 mL反应瓶中, 3 mL DCM溶解,冰浴下缓慢滴加 HBr-AcOH 溶液 0.21 mL, 反应 l h后, 置于室温反应, TLC监测, 展开剂 PE: AcOEt = 2: 1。 反应 12 h后停止反应。 加入 20 mL DCM稀释后, 依次用 20 mL蒸馏水、 20 mL饱和 NaHC03溶液洗涤,合并有机层, MgS04千燥后,柱分离纯化,展开条件 PE: EA = 1 :1, 得到黄色粘稠状物质 194 mg。 向装有 20 mL溴代糖( 194 mg, 0.47 mmoDDCM溶液的 50 mL反应瓶中加入 EA 189 mg (0.4 mmol) , K2C03138 mg, 四正丁基溴化铵 52 mg, 水 2 mL, 50°C条件下回流反 应, 并用 N2保护。 12 h后停止反应。 TLC监测, 展开剂 PE: AcOEt = l : 1。 柱分离 纯化, 洗脱条件 PE: AcOEt = 2: l , 得到 252 mg白色固体化合物 39,16ct-二羟基 -齐墩 果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 -y9-D-葡萄糖苷),收率 80 %。 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 5.54 (d, 1H, J= 8.2Hz, Glc-l-H), 5.39 (t, 1H,J= 3.2Hz, H12), 5.08-5.24 (m, 3H), 4.39 (br t, 1H, H,6), 4.25 (dd, 1H, J= 4.4, 12.4Hz), 4.02 (dd, 1H, J= 2.1, 12.4Hz), 3.74-3.78 (m, lH), 3.19 (dd, 1H, J= 4.2, 10.6Hz, H3), 2.97 (dd, 1H,J= 4.0, 14.3Hz,H18), 2.05, 2.00, 2.00, 1.99 (s, each 3H, CH3CO), 1.32, 0.96, 0.92, 0.89, 0.88, 0.75, 0.70 (s, each 3H, H27, H23, H30, H25, H29, H26, H24). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDC13): δ 174.72 (C=0, C28), 170.53, 170.03, 169.38, 169.07, 141.88 (C13), 123.22 (Ci2), 91.56 (Glc-l-C), 78.84, 74.22, 72.68, 72.41, 69.91, 67.90, 61.44, 55.19, 48.79, 46.61, 46.03, 41.31, 40.40, 39.49, 38.68, 38.48, 36.93, 35.46, 35.14, 33.02, 32.62, 30.23, 30.17, 28.01, 27.12, 26.76, 24.45, 23.24, 20.62 (CH3CO), 20.50 (3C, 3 χ CH3CO), 18.22, 17.01, 15.55, 15.43. ESI-HRMS (m/z) calcd for C44H660,3Na (M+Na+): 825.4396. Found 825.4387; C44H70Oi3N (M+N¾+): 820.4842. Found 820.48400.即为如下所示的 Ql化合物。 取 50 mg上述化合物, 用 5 mL甲醇溶解于 25 mL反应瓶中, 加入适量 MeONa, 室温 搅拌反应 l h, TLC监测, 展开剂 DCM: MeOH = 7:l。 反应结束后, 加入阳离子交换 树脂, 调 pH至中性。 柱分离纯化, 展开剂 DCM: MeOH = 5: l , 得到白色固体 12.4 mg3A16ci-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-03-D-葡萄糖苷), 收率 31 %.1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 5.35 (d, 1Η, J = 8.1Hz, Glc-l-H), 5.32 (t, 1H, J = 3.4Hz, H12), 4.53 (br t, 1H, H16), 3.82 (d, 1H, J = 1 1.1Hz), 3.67 (dd, 1H, J = 4.3, 12.0Hz), 3.27-3.34 (m, 4H), 3.15 (dd, 1H, J = 5.0, 1 1.4Hz), 2.99 (dd, 1H, J = 4.0, 14.2Hz), 2.29 (t, 1H, J = 13.3Hz), 1.37, 0.97, 0.96, 0.89, 0.79, 0.77 (s, 7 CH3).13C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD): δ 177.21 (C=0, C28), 144.63 (C13), 123.63 (C12), 95.72 (Glc-l-C), 79.72, 78.73, 78.33, 74.93, 74.01, 71.08, 62.42, 56.88, 50.03, 48.20, 47.78, 42.65, 42.12, 40.82, 39.97, 39.84, 38.16, 36.44, 36.27, 31.70, 31.28, 28.74, 27.27, 25.01 , 24.49, 19.50, 17.78, 16.33, 16.10.ESI-HRMS (m/z) calcd for C36H5809Na (M+Na+): 657.3973.
实施例 2 3A16ct-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-0-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 - -D-半乳糖 苷)和 35,16a-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-09-D-半乳糖苷)的合成
Figure imgf000020_0001
取 D-半乳糖 2g于 50 mL反应瓶中, 加入 16mL吡啶溶解, 依次加入醋酸酐 8mL, 催 化量 DMAP, 室温反应 10h后停止反应。 TLC监测反应完全, 展开剂 PE: AcOEt =1: 1。 旋干溶剂后 DCM20mL溶解, 用 20mL水洗, 有机层 MgS04干燥。 旋蒸除去溶剂, 得全乙酰半乳糖固体产物。 取上述产物 390mg于 25mL反应瓶中, 3mLDCM溶解, 冰浴下缓慢滴加 HBr-AcOH 溶液 0.35mL, 反应 lh后, 置于室温反应, 反应 12 h后停止反应。 TLC监测, 展开剂 PE: AcOEt =2: 1。加入 20mLDCM稀释后,依次用 20mL蒸馏水、 20 mL饱和 NaHC03 溶液洗涤, 合并有机层, 旋干溶剂至 20mL。 向装有 20mL溴代糖 (上步反应未分离的混合物) DCM溶液的 50mL反应瓶中加入 EA 188.8mg ( 0.4mmol ) , 138mg K2C03 > 51.52mg四正丁基溴化铵, 2mL水, 50°C条件 6 下回流反应, 并用 N2保护。 12h后停止反应。 TLC监测、 展开剂 PE: AcOEt =l : 1。 柱分离纯化, 展开条件 PE: AcOEt -l :l , 得到 98.5mg白色固体产物 39,16ct-二羟基- 齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 半乳糖苷), 收率 31%。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 5.54(d, lH, J =8.4Hz, Gal-l -H), 5.40-5.44(m, 2H), 5.3 l(t, lH, J=10.3Hz), 5.07(dd, 1H, J=3.4, 10.4Hz), 4.39(br t, 1H, H,6), 4.10-4.15(m, 2H), 4.00(t, lH, J=6.7Hz), 3.22(dd, 1H, J=4.1, 10.4Hz, H3), 3.00(d, 1H, J=10.6Hz, Hi8), 2.17, 2.04, 2.02, 1.99(s, each 3H, CH3CO), 1.34, 0.99, 0.95, 0.92, 0.91, 0.78, 0.75(s, each 3H, CH3, H27, H23, 。, H25, H29, H26, H24). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCI3): δ 174.64(C=0, C28), 170.22, 170.07, 169.84, 169.25, 141.87(C13), 123.13(C12), 92.03 (Gal-l -C), 78.82, 74.06, 71.39, 70.70, 67.56, 66.69, 60.65, 55.22, 48.97, 46.64, 46.07, 41.36, 40.48, 39.53, 38.69, 38.49, 36.95, 35.50, 35.06, 33.04, 32.58, 30.19, 29.82, 28.01 , 27.13, 26.76, 24.65, 23.26, 20.64, 20.55, 20.44, 18.22, 17.07, 15.55, 15.47.ESI-HRMS (m/z) calcd for C44H660i3Na (M+Na+): 825.4396. Found 825.4387; C44H70O13N (M+NH4 +): 820.4842. Found 820.4839. 取 50mg上述化合物, 用 5mL甲醇溶解于 25mL反应瓶中, 加入适量 MeONa, 室温反 应 lh, TLC监测, 展开剂 DCM: MeOH=7: l, 加入阳离子交换树脂, 调 pH至中性, 过滤, 滤液旋干。 柱分离纯化, 展开剂 DCM: MeOH=5: l, 得到白色固体产物 35.6 mg3S,16a-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O- 9-D-半乳糖苷), 收率 90 %。
Ή NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 5.31-5.33(m, 2H, Gal-l-H, Hi2), 4.55(br t, 1H, H16), 3.88(d, lH, J=3.0Hz), 3.69-3.71(m, 2H), 3.58-3.65(m, 2H), 3.50(dd, lH, J-3.2, 9.7Hz), 3.15(dd, 1H, J=4.9, 1 1.4Hz, H3), 3.00(dd, 1H, J=3.8, 14.2Hz, Hi8), 2.29(t, 1H, J=13.3Hz), 1.37, 0.97, 0.96, 0.89, 0.78, 0.77(s, 7 CH3).13C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD): δ 177.29(C=0, C28), 144.64(Ci3), 123.63(C12), 96.22 (Gal-l-C), 79.72, 77.38, 75.17, 74.94, 71.30, 70.00, 62.02, 56.88, 49.98, 42.63, 42.08, 40.81, 39.96, 39.83, 38.16, 36.44, 36.26, 34.23, 33.36, 31.80, 31.29, 28.74, 27.90, 27.28, 24.99, 24.48, 19.50, 17.79, 16.33, 16.09. ESI-HRMS (m/z) calcd for C36H6209N (M+NH4 +): 652.4419. Found 652.4415. 按照类似于上述实施例的方法可以合成其他衍生物, 例如下列的化合物:
Figure imgf000022_0001
3/9,16ct-二羟基 -齐墩果垸- 12-烯 -28-酸 -28-0-(2,3 ,4,6-四 乙酰基 ?-D-葡萄糖苷)
Q2: 3β, 16ct-二羟基 -齐墩果垸- 12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-W-D-葡萄糖苷)
Q3 : 3/9,16ct-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-(2,3,4-三 -O-乙酰基 木糖苷)
Q4: 3A16ct-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-CM5-D-木糖苷)
Q5: 3 16« -二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-(2,3,4-三 -O-乙酰基 阿拉伯糖苷) Q6: 3y9,16«-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-W-D-阿拉伯糖苷)
Q8: 3 ?,16α-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 - ?-D-半乳糖苷)
Q9: 35,16a-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O- 9-D-半乳糖苷)
Q10: 3^,16α-二羟基 -齐墩果烷- 12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O- (七 -O-乙酰基 -y9-D-乳糖苷)
Ql l : 3y5,16ct-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-W-D-乳糖苷)
Q12: 3Α16α-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O- (七 -O-乙酰基 -y?-D-麦芽糖苷)
Q13 : 3 ,16« -二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O- 9-D-麦芽糖苷)
Q14: 3y9,16ct-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-W-D-纤维二糖苷)
实施例 3: 3 羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 半乳糖苷) 和^羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-08-D-半乳糖苷)的合成
Figure imgf000023_0001
1,2,3,4,6-五 -0-乙酰基 -yS-D-半乳糖的制备:
取 D-半乳糖 3 g于 50 mL反应瓶中, 加入吡啶 24 mL溶解, 依次加入醋酸酐 12 mL, 催化量 DMAP, 室温反应过夜后停止反应。 TLC监测反应完全。旋蒸除去溶剂, 50 mL AcOEt混悬,依次用蒸馏水 50 mL X 3及饱和食盐水 50 mL洗涤。有机层用无水 Na2S04 干燥后硅胶柱分离得产物。
1« -溴 -2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 - ?-D-半乳糖的制备
取上述产物 2.0 g于 25 mL反应瓶中, 15 mL DCM溶解, 冰浴下缓慢滴加 HBr-AcOH 溶液 L2 mL, 反应 l h后, 置于室温反应过夜, TLC监测至反应完全, 展开剂 PE: AcOEt = 2: 1。加入 20 mL DCM稀释后,依次用 40 mL蒸馏水、40 mL X 3饱和 NaHC03 溶液洗涤, 有机相用 Na2S04千燥后, 旋蒸除去溶剂, 不做进一步分离纯化, 直接进行 下步反应。
I 叠氮基 -2,3,4,6-四 - -乙酰基 -?-D-半乳糖的制备
将上述产物用 lOmLDMF溶解, 搅拌下加入 NaN3, 室温反应过夜, TLC监测至反应 完全,展开剂 PE:AcOEt = 2:1。旋蒸除去溶剂, 50 mL AcOEt混悬,依次用蒸馏水 50 mL X3及饱和食盐水 50 mL洗涤。有机层用无水 Na2S04干燥后硅胶柱分离得白色固体产 物约 0.97 g, 两步总产率 50 %。
取上述产物 100 mg, 5mL THF溶解, Pd/C催化氢化, 室温反应过夜, TLC监测至反 应完全, 展开剂 PE:AcOEt=l:】。 滤除 Pd7C后滤液旋干, 产物不做进一步纯化处理, 直接进行下步反应。
3U6fl-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 -?-D-半乳糖苷)
150mgEA用 5mLTHF溶解, 力口入 65mgEDC, 室温搅拌反应 0.5 h, 加入上述产物, 室温反应 l d, TLC监测至反应完全, 展开剂 PE:AcOEt= l:l。 旋蒸除去溶剂, 30mL AcOEt混悬,依次用蒸馏水 30 mLX3及饱和食盐水 30 mL洗涤。有机层用无水 Na2S04 干燥后硅胶柱分离得白色固体产物约 114.3 mg, 两步总产率 53 %。
Ή NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 0.79, 0.80, 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.99, 1.16, 2.00, 2.02, 2.05, 2.14 (11 χ CH3), 0.72-2.17 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 2.55 (brd, 1H, J= 9.9 Hz), 3.21 (dd,lH,J= 3.6, 10.4 Hz), 3.97-4.13 (m, 3H), 5.03-5.18 (m, 3H), 5.41-5.43 (m, 1H), 5.50 (brs, 1H), 6.68 (d, 1H,J= 9.0 Hz).13C NMR (100 MHz, CDC13): δ 15.3, 15.5, 17.0, 18.2, 20.4, 20.5, 20.5, 20.7, 23.1, 23.4, 23.9, 25.4, 27.0, 27.1, 28.0, 30.5, 32.4 (2C), 32.8, 34.0, 36.8, 38.4, 38.6, 39.2, 41.2, 41.9, 46.3, 46.5, 47.4, 55.0, 60.6, 67.0, 68.2, 70.7, 71.6, 78.5, 78.7, 123.4, 143.6, 169.7, 169.9, 170.2, 171.0, 178.9.
3 6a-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(/?-D-半乳糖苷)
取上述产物 50 mg溶于 3 mL CH3OH中,搅拌下加入适量 CH3ONa, 室温搅拌反应 1 h, TLC监测至反应完全, 展开剂 DCM: MeOH = 7:lo 反应结束后, 加入阳离子交换树 脂, 调 pH至中性。柱分离纯化, 展开剂 DCM: MeOH=10:l, 得到白色固体产物 35.1 mg, 产率 89%。
iH NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 0.75, 0.80, 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.96, 1.15 (s, 7 CH3),
0.71-2.10 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 2.83 (brd, 1H, J= 12.9 Hz), 3.14 (dd, 1H, J=
5.0, 11.3 Hz), 3.48-3.55 (m, 3H), 3.62-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.89 (brd, 1H), 4.80 (d, 1H, 8.0 Hz), 5.31 (brs, 1H).13C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD): S 15.8, 16.1, 17.7, 19.2, 23.9 (2C), 24.0, 24.3 26.3, 27.5, 28.1, 28.6, 31.3, 33.4, 33.6 (2C), 34.9, 37.8, 39.5, 40.3, 42.0, 42.7, 47.3, 47.3, 48.7, 56.3, 62.2, 70.0, 71.0, 75.4, 77.7, 79.4, 81.5, 123.6, 144.9, 181.1. 按照类似于上述实施例的方法可以合成其他衍生物, 例如合成了下列的化合物:
Figure imgf000025_0001
得到的其他各化合物的部分核磁数据如下:
Y1 : 3/?,16«-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 乙酰基 - J-D-半乳糖苷) 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 0.74, 0.79, 0.84, 0.91,0.93, 1.00, 1.34, 1.99, 2.02, 2.03, 2.13 (s, 11 x CH3), 0.74-2.37 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 2.97 (brd, 1H, J= 10.7 Hz), 3.19 (dd, 1H, J= 4.2, 10.6 Hz), 3.74-3.78 (m, 1H), 4.02 (dd, 1H, J= 2.1, 12.4 Hz), 4.25 (dd, 1H, J= 4.4, 12.4 Hz), 4.39 (brs, 1H), 5.08-5.24 (m, 3H), 5.39 (t, 1H, J= 3.2 Hz, H12), 5.54 (d, 1H, J= 8.2 Hz).13C NMR (100 MHz, CDC13): ^ 15.4, 15.6, 17.0, 18.2, 20.5 (3C), 20.6, 23.2, 24.5, 26.8, 27.1 , 28.0, 30.2, 30.2, 32.6, 33.0, 35.1, 35.5, 36.9, 38.5, 38.7, 39.5, 40.4, 41.3,
46.0. 46.6, 48.8, 55.2, 61.4, 67.9, 69.9, 72.4, 72.7, 74.2, 78.8, 91.6, 123.2, 141.9, 169.1, 169.4, Π0.0, 170.5, 174.7.
Y2: ,16a-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-W-D-半乳糖苷)
Ή NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 0.78, 0.86, 0.90,0.95, 0.96, 0.98, 1.33 (s, 7 χ CH3),
0.74-1.94 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 2.20 (t, 1H, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.04 (dd, 1H, J= 3.6, 14.0 Hz), 3.15 (dd, 1H, J = 4.9,1 1.2 Hz), 3.49-3.56 (m, 3H), 3.65-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.88 (brd, 1H, J= 1.4 Hz), 4.26 (dd, 1H,J= 3.6, 5.5 Hz), 4.79 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 5.45 (brs, 1H).13C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD): δ 16.3, 16.3, 18.2, 19.5, 24.5, 26.3, 27.5, 27.9, 28.7, 29.6, 30.9,
33.1, 34.0, 35.8, 36.3, 38.1 , 39.8, 40.0, 41.0, 42.2, 43.0, 47.8, 48.4, 50.8, 56.9, 62.4, 70.4,
71.6, 75.0, 75.8, 78.1, 79.7, 81.9, 123.9, 144.6, 181.1.
Y3: 3,16-二酮-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 - -D-半乳糖苷) 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 0.82, 0.90, 0.93, 1.05, 1.06, 1.09, 1.22, 2.00, 2.03, 2.04, 2.16 (1 1 χ CH3), 1.25-2.65 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 3.22 (dd, 1H, J= 3.8, 13.7 Hz), 3.97-4.00 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.08 (m, 2H), 5.09-5.10 (m, 3H), 5.42 (brs, 1H), 5.68 (brt, 1H), 6.76 (d, 1H, J= 7.8 Hz).13C NMR (100 MHz, CDC13): S 14.9, 17.0, 19.3, 20.4, 20.5 (2C),
20.7, 21.3, 23.0, 23.4, 26.3, 27.1, 28.6, 30.3, 31.9, 32.6, 33.9, 34.9, 36.6, 38.9, 39.6, 44.4, 45.6, 45.9, 46.0, 46.5, 47.3, 55.2, 59.9, 60.7, 67.0, 67.9, 70.7, 71.9, 78.7, 124.5, 140.1, 169.6, 169.9, 170.2, 170.7, 172.3, 210.3, 216.9.
Y4: 3,16-二酮-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-OS-D-半乳糖苷)
'H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 0.87, 0.95, 0.97, 1.05, 1.08, 1.09, 1.20 (s, 7 CH3),
1.15-2.27 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 2.36-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.54-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.98 (d, 1H, J= 14.7 Hz), 3.43 (dd, 1H, J= 3.9, 14.1 Hz), 3.47-3.58 (m, 3H), 3.66-3.67 (d, 2H, J= 6.2 Hz), 3.89 (brd, 1H, J = 2.7 Hz), 4.82 (d, 1H, J= 8.8 Hz), 5.56 (t, 1H, J= 3.5 Hz).13C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD): δ 15.5, 17.8, 20.6, 21.9, 23.7, 24.6, 27.0, 27.7, 28.6, 31.4, 33.2, 33.3, 35.0, 36.1, 37.9, 40.1, 41.1, 46.7 (2C), 47.1, 48.0, 48.5, 48.9, 56.4, 61.1, 62.2, 70.3, 71.1, 75.9, 78.2, 81.8, 125.2, 142.0, 175.1 , 212.7, 220.2
Y7: 3 羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基- β-D-甘露糖苷)
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 0.78, 0.79, 0.87, 0.90, 0.92, 0.99, 1.16, 1.98, 2.04, 2.07, 2.23 (1 1 CH3), 0.71-2.13 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 2.45 (dd, 1H, J= 3.7, 13.2 Hz), 3.21 (dd, 1H, J= 4.1, 10.4 Hz), 3.71-3.75 (m, 1H), 4.05 (dd, 1H, J= 2.4, 12.2 Hz), 4.22 (dd, 1H, J= 4.9, 12.3 Hz), 5.10 (dd, 1H, J= 3.3, 10.1 Hz), 5.19-5.24 (m, 1H), 5.31-5.34 (m, 2H), 5.51 (d, 1H, J= 9.3 Hz), 6.54 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz).13C NMR (100 MHz, CDC13): δ 15.3, 15.5 16.9, 18.2, 20.4, 20.6 (3C), 23.2, 23.5, 24.0, 25.4, 27.0 (2C), 28.0, 30.5, 32.3, 32.3, 32.8, 33.9, 36.8, 38.4, 38.6, 39.2, 41.9, 42.1, 46.5, 46.6, 47.4, 55.0, 62.4, 65.5, 70.1, 71.4, 73.6, 76.0, 78.7, 122.8, 144.6, 169.7, 169.7, 169.9, 170.5, 178.0.
Y8: 3 羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-W-D-半乳糖苷)
'H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): S 0.78, 0.85, 0.92, 0.94, 0.95, 0.98, 1.19 (s, 7 χ CH3), 0.74-2.17 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 2.83 (dd, 1H, J= 3.6, 13.4 Hz), 3.15 (dd, 1H, J= 5.0, 11.4 Hz), 3.25-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.64 (dd, 1H, J= 5.6, 1 1.7 Hz), 3.74 (brd, 1H, J= 1.4 Hz), 3.81 (dd, 1H, J= 2.2, 1 1.7 Hz), 5.1 1-5.13 (m, 1H), 5.39 (brs, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H, J= 8.8 Hz).13C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD): δ 16.0, 16.3, 18.1, 19.5, 23.9, 24.6 (2C), 26.3, 27.9, 28.5, 28.8, 31.6, 33.5, 33.9, 34.0, 35.1, 38.1, 39.8, 39.9, 40.8, 43.0, 43.1, 47.6, 47.9, 49.1 , 56.7, 63.1 , 68.1 , 72.3, 75.6, 79.2, 79.7, 79.7, 124.7, 144.7, 180.7. 上述 Y9-Y16化合物的化学名称如下:
Y9: 3-羰基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 -β-D-半乳糖苷),
Y10: 3-羰基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-(β-ϋ-半乳糖苷),
Yl 1: 3β,16α-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 -β-D-甘露糖苷), Y12: 3β,16α-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(P-D-甘露糖苷), Y13: 3β-羟基-乌苏垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 -β-D-半乳糖苷),
Y14: 3β-羟基-乌苏垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-(β-ϋ-半乳糖苷),
Y15: 3β-羟基-乌苏垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 -β-D-甘露糖苷),
Y16: 3β-羟基-乌苏烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-(β-ϋ-甘露糖苷)。
部分化合物鉴定数据如下:
Y13: 3β-羟基-乌苏烷- 12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 -β-D-半乳糖苷)
'H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 0.78, 0.80, 0.88, 0.93, 0.95, 0.99, 1.09, 2.00, 2.02, 2.05, 2.14 (11 CH3), 0.71-2.16 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 3.21 (dd, IH, J = 5.0, 10.6 Hz): 3.97-4.09 (m, 3 H), 5.02-5.16 (m, 3H), 5.41-5.42 (m, 2H), 6.61 (d, IH, J = 8.8 Hz).13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCB): δ 15.4, 15.5, 17.0, 17.0, 18.1, 20.4, 20.5, 20.5, 20.7, 21.0, 23.0, 23.3, 24.8, 27.0, 27.7, 28.0, 30.7, 32.9, 36.8, 37.0, 38.6 (2C), 38.9, 39.4, 39.5, 42.2, 47.4, 47.8, 53.1, 55.1, 60.7, 67.0, 68.3, 70.7, 71.7, 78.6, 78.8, 126.2, 138.3, 169.7, 170.0, 170.2, 171.0, 178.6.
Y14: 3β-羟基-乌苏烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(P-D-半乳糖苷)
1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δθ.78, 0.85, 0.91, 0.96, 0.97, 1.12 (7 x CH3), 0.73-2.23 (m, other aliphatic ring protons), 3.15 (dd, IH, J = 4.8, 11.0 Hz), 3.49-3.66 (m, 5H), 3.89-3.90 (m, IH), 4.77-4.82 (m, IH), 5.31 (t, IH, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.44 (d, IH, J = 8.6).13C NMR (100 MHz, MeOD): 616.1, 16.4, 17.7, 18.1, 19.5, 21.6, 24.0, 24.4, 25.3, 27.9, 28.8, 29.0, 32.0, 34.3, 38.1, 38.3, 39.8, 40.1, 40.2, 40.8, 41.0, 43.3, 49.1, 54.0, 56.7, 62.2, 70.2, 71.3, 75.8,
77.9, 79.7, 81.9, 82.0, 127.3, 139.7, 181.4. 实验例
下面为本发明部分化合物的抗流感病毒的实验结果。
1. Q9能够有效抑制流感病毒的复制。通过 CPE抑制试验和噬斑抑制实验证明化合物 Q9对流感病毒有着明显的抑制作用, 强于阳性药物利巴韦林。 CPE抑制试验表明 Q9的对流感病毒的 EC5Q为 48.7μΜ, 而阳性药物达菲 (磷酸奥司他韦, OSV-P) 的 EC5o为 45.6μΜ, 利巴韦林 (RBV) 的 EC5o为 42.7μΜ (见表 1 ) 。 噬斑抑制实 验表明 Q9对流感病毒的 Κ:50<5μΜ (见图 1 ) 。 而 Q9在 A549、 MDCK以及 293Τ 细胞中的 CC5C均大于 100μΜ, 说明 Q9的细胞毒性很小。 表 1 : Q9抑制流感病毒 (WSN) 的活性及其细胞毒性分析。
Q9 Q10 RBV OSV-P
CC50( M) Α549 >100 >100 >100 >100
MDCK >100 >100 >100 >100
293T >100 >100 >100 >100
Ε (μΜ) 48.7 >100 42.7 45.6
a: CC5(), 半数细胞毒性浓度
b: EC50, 半数有效浓度, 即抑制一半细胞病变的化合物浓度。 利用细胞病变 (CPE) 抑制实验计算 Q9的 EC5()与利巴韦林和磷酸奥司他韦抗病毒活性相当, 说明 Q9抗流 感病毒效果类似于利巴韦林和磷酸奥司他韦。
表 2: 噬斑抑制实验证明 Q9对于流感病毒有明显的抑制作用
Figure imgf000029_0001
结果显示: 流感病毒在 MDCK细胞上可形成病毒噬斑, Q9在 5μΜ浓度下可以抑制一 半以上的噬斑数量, 即 IC50<5 M。
2. Q9能够抑制流感病毒进入细胞
通过上述加药时间点实验和上述血凝素实验可以初步断定, Q9作用于病毒进入细胞过 程, 且干扰了病毒与细胞受体之间的结合。 (见表 3和附图 1 )
表 3.加药时间点实验表明 Q9作用于病毒复制的早期 (0-2h)
Figure imgf000029_0002
结果显示, 在全程给药 (0-10h) 以及 0-2h加药均能够有效地抑制流感病毒的复制。 说明药物在病毒感染后 0-2h内发挥抑制作用, 而在感染 2h之后加药则无抑制效果。 实验表明 Q9对 HA有抑制作用, 说明 Q9作用于病毒与细胞结合阶段。
3. 假病毒实验表明 Q9能够抑制 H11N1和 H5N1流感毒株进入细胞。
由于 H5N1为高致病性流感病毒, 所以本发明制备了 H5N1和 H1N1的假病毒, 用来 衡量 Q9抗病毒活性的广谱性。 此种假病毒具有高度的安全性, 可以在 P2实验室迸行 操作。 在 Q9浓度为 50μΜ时, 表现出对流感病毒 H1N1和 H5N1明显的抗病毒活性, 抑制率分别为 61.9%和 16.8%。 抑制率越高, 检测到的相对萤光素酶活性就越弱。 表 4. 假病毒实验表明 Q9能够抑制 H1N1和 H5N1流感病毒假病毒。
Figure imgf000030_0001
假病毒是由 HIV的核心蛋白和流感病毒的囊膜蛋白 HA/NA组成。 流感病毒的两种亚 型 H1N1和 H5N1假病毒都被 Q9抑制; Q9浓度为 50μΜ。 DMSO作为阴性对照, 抑 制率设为零。
4. 部分糖修饰三萜类化合物衍生物抗流感病毒活性
将化合物与病毒混合后加入到细胞中, 观察化合物对病毒诱发细胞病变的抑制效 果。只加化合物不加病毒组可以用来衡量化合物的细胞毒性。以 DMSO作为阴性对照。 犬肾上皮细胞 (MDCK) 传代 24h后, 将待检化合物加入到 DMEM中, 充分混匀后 加入到 MDCK细胞中, 48h后用 Celltiter-Glo检测试剂盒检测细胞活力。结果表明 Q9 有非常好的抑制流感病毒活性, 可以显著削弱病毒的感染性; EA、 Q Q2、 Q3、 Ql l 和 Q12也表现出一定的抗流感病毒活性; 其它化合物则没有明显的抗流感病毒活性。 而被检测的化合物中 EA、 Q4和 Q6有很强的细胞毒性, Ql、 Q2、 Q3、 Ql l和 Q12 虽然在抗流感病毒活性没有 Q9明显, 但与 EA相比, 细胞毒性有了显著的降低。其它 化合物毒性都非常弱。 (见表 5、 6)
表 5.在 50μΜ浓度下, 各化合物对 MDCK细胞的毒性检测。
Figure imgf000030_0002
表 6. 在 50μΜ浓度下, 各化合物抗流感病毒活性, 病毒感染力越低则说明药物的抑制 效果越好, 检测方法同表 5。
2013/001266 以 DMSO作为阴性对照。犬肾上皮细胞(MDCK)传代 24h后,将 WSN病毒(ΜΟΙ=1 ) 与待检化合物加入到 DMEM中, 充分混匀后加入到 MDCK细胞中, 48h后用
Celltiter-Glo检测试剂盒检测细胞活力。 感染率 (Infectivity) =100%-化合物对细胞病 变的保护率。 化合物对细胞病变的保护率 =100% χ(1- (Test compound - Median Virusl)/(Median Cells - Median Virus2)).其中 Test compound表示只加待检化合物不加 病毒组的细胞活力; Median Vimsl表示加了待检化合物和病毒组的细胞活力; Median Cells表示只加入 1% DMSO组的细胞活力; Median Virus2表示加入 l%DMSO和病毒 组的细胞活力。
对 Q9进行进一步的结构修改发现, Yl、 Υ2、 Υ3、 Υ5、 Υ6、 Υ7及 Υ8都具有非 常明显的抗流感病毒活性, 并且细胞毒性也很弱。 其中 Υ5的抗流感病毒活性最为明 显。 (见表 7和表 8 )
表 7.在 50μΜ浓度下, 各化合物对 MDCK细胞的毒性检测。
Figure imgf000031_0001
表 8. 在 50μΜ浓度下, 各化合物抗流感病毒活性,病毒感染力越低则说明药物的抑制 效果越好, 检测方法同表 6。
Figure imgf000031_0002
进一步的结构修饰发现, Y13和 Y14也具有非常明显的抗流感病毒活性, 活性强 于 Q9, 并且细胞毒性也很弱 (数据未展示) 。 其它化合物也均显示出了较好的抗流感 病毒活性。 (见表 9) 表 9. 在 50μΜ浓度下, 各化合物抗流感病毒活性, 检测方法同表 6。 化合物 IAV抑制率 (% )
Y13 76.86±5.53
Y14 62.23±2.96
Q9 53.62士 6.16
Y16 48.20±4.22
Y15 39.82±3.60
Y9 32.17±1.81
Yl l 26.82士 3.46
Y10 4.84±3.08
DMSO 0.00±0.00
抑制率 (%) : 即化合物对细胞病变的保护率。 计算方法同表 6.
5. 下面为本发明部分化合物的抗流感病毒的实验结果。
通过细胞病变抑制试验, 我们检测了化合物对不同流感病毒毒株的抑制效果, 我 们 发 现 化 合 物 Y2 、 Y5 、 Y6 禾 B Q9 对 A/Puerto ico/8/34(HlNl) ; A/LiaoNing-ZhenXing/ 1 109/2010(H 1 N 1 ) ; A/JiangXi-DongHu/312/2006 (H3N2) -' A/HuNan-ZhuHui/1222/2010 (H3N2); B/ShenZhen/155/2005都有不同程度的抑制效果。 其中, Y5的 EC5C更低至 2μΜ, 与利巴韦林效果相当。 这些毒株包括达菲和金刚垸胺 耐 药 毒 株 : A/LiaoNing-ZhenXing/1109/2010(HlNl) 是 达 菲 耐 药 毒 株 ; A/HuNan-ZhuHui/1222/2010 (H3N2)是金刚垸胺耐药毒株。这说明我们所发明的化合物 不仅可以抑制 A型流感病毒,而且还能够抑制 B型流感病毒,具有广谱的抗病毒作用。 此外, 我们的化合物对于达菲和金刚垸胺耐药毒株也有显著的抑制作用。 (见表 10) 表 10. 化合物广谱抗病毒活性分析结果 化合物 ECW (μΜ)"
PR 8 (HIN1) C LN/1109 (H1N1) JX/312 (H3N2) HN/1222 (H3N2) B SZ 155
Y2 >100 6.22± 0.83 >22.22 >22.22 >22.22 >22.22
Y5 >100 7.41±0.05 6.58 ±1.17 2.72 ±0.35 3.18 ±0.08 2.80 ±0.74
\ 6 >200 9 0.60 33.25 ±0,64 66.67 ±0.17 26,25± 3.01 43.88 ±19.38
09 >200 17.50 ±0.43 17.80 ±12.57 16.89 ±5.38 25.5 ± 9.14 36.21 ±7.21 金刚垸胺 >200 7.41 ±0.21 0.44 ±0.14 8.58 ±1.65 >200 >83.24 达菲 >200 >200 >200 2.06 ±0.58 8.75 ±4.41 91.07 ±34.51 利巴韦林 >20 4.02 ±1.27 5.75 0.35 4.19± 0.35 3.56 ±0.24 1.32 ±0.60 CC50, 半数细胞毒性浓度。 b EC50, 半数有效浓度, 即抑制一半细胞病变的化合物浓度。 利用细胞病变 (CPE) 抑 制实验计算 Q9的 EC50
cPR/8 (H1N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1); LN/1109(H1N1), A/LiaoNing-ZhenXing/ 1 109/2010(H 1 N 1 ) ; JX/312 (H3N2), A/JiangXi-DongHu/312/2006 (H3N2); HN/1222 (H3N2), A/HuNan-ZhuHui/1222/2010 (H3N2); B/SZ/155, B/ShenZhen/155/2005。 本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施例, 上述的具体实施例仅仅是示意性的, 并不是限 制性的, 本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下, 在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求 所保护的范围情况下, 还可以做出很多形式, 这些均属于本发明保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1 , 下式结构的化合物、 其立体异构体、差向异构体、构型异构体或其药学上可接受的 盐或它们的水合物在制备用于预防或治疗需要的患者流感尤其是甲型流感的药物 中的用途:
Figure imgf000034_0001
其中, 虚线部分表示可有可无, 即单键或双键;
R1是 XR1', 其中 X为 0或 NH, Rl '为氢, 单糖, 寡糖, 多糖或者它们的衍生物, 或 维生素 C、 唾液酸、 氨基糖(一、 二、 三等糖) 、 达菲及其前药; 所述 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖的衍生物"是指它们的一个羟基或多个羟基例如 2个、 3个或 4个羟基可以被取 代基例如 C1-C6垸酰氧基、 C1-C6垸氧基、 苯甲酰氧基和 /或苄氧基及其类似物(例如 其苯环可被一个或多个卤素、 硝基、 氨基和 /或 C1-C6垸基取代)取代; 它们的一个羟 基可以被氢、 氨基或乙酰氨基取代;
R2和 R7各自独立选自 H, 卤素, 羟基, 氰基, 硝基, 巯基, 羰基, C1-C6硫垸基, 未取代的 C1-C6垸基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C6垸基, 氨基, NR11 'R12', 其中 R1 Γ和 R12'各自独立选自未取代的 C1-C6烷基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C6垸基;
R3, R4, R5, R6禾 [1 R8各自独立选自 H, 未取代的 C1-C6烷基或被羟基、 氨基或羧 基取代的 C1-C6烷基;
R9选自 H, 卤素, 羟基, 氰基, 硝基, 巯基, C1-C6硫烷基, 羰基, 肟基, 未取代的 C1-C6垸基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C6垸基;
RIO, Rl l , R12, R13 , 禾□ R14各自独立选自 H, OH, NHR9,, 其中 1 9,是11、 未 取代的 C1-C3烷基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C3垸基, 巯基, C1-C6硫垸基, 未取代的 C1-C3烷基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C3烷基; 条件是: 当 R7是羟基时, R2和 R1 '不都是氢。
2, 按照权利要求 1的用途, 其中 R10, Rl l, R12, R13, 和 R14各自独立选自 H, 羟基, 氨基, 未取代的 C1-C3烷基优选甲基或被羟基、 氨基或羧基取代的 C1-C3烷基 优选甲基; 优选 R11 和 R12各自独立选自 H或甲基, R10是 H, 和 /或 R13和 R14各 自独立选自 H, OH或 NH2。
3, 按照权利要求 1 的用途,其中所述药物通过口服、 直肠、 鼻、 气雾或颗粒吸入、 局 部包括含化和舌下、 经皮、 阴道、 膀胱内、 伤口内和胃肠外途径给药; 优选为喷雾剂, 用于口腔或鼻内喷雾给药或者室内或局部环境灭菌和消毒。
4, 按照权利要求 1的用途,其中所述单糖独立选自葡萄糖, 甘露糖, 果糖, 木糖, 阿拉 伯糖, 半乳糖, 核糖或脱氧核糖; 其中所述寡糖是麦芽糖, 蔗糖或乳糖; 或者其中所 述衍生物是指 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖" 的 1个、 2个、 3个或 4个羟基被 C1-C4垸酰氧 基、 C1-C4垸氧基、 苯甲酰氧基和 /或苄氧基取代; 或者它们的一个羟基被氢、 氨基或 乙酰氨基取代; 优选 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖" 的一个羟基或 2个、 3个或 4个羟基被乙 酰氧基、 苄氧基、 甲氧基和 /或苯甲酰氧基取代; 或者 "单糖, 寡糖, 多糖"的一个羟 基被氢、 氨基或乙酰氨基取代。
5, 按照权利要求 1-4任一项的用途, 其中所述 X为 0或 NH, 所述糖是单糖或二糖, 或者单糖或二糖的羟基被乙酰氧基取代的乙酰化衍生物。
6,按照权利要求 1-5任一项的用途, 其中所述 R2独立选自 H, OH,羰基, SH或 NH2, 优选 H、 OH或羰基。
7,按照权利要求 1-6任一项的用途, 其中所述 R3, R4, R5, R6和 R8各自独立选自甲基。
8,按照权利要求 1 -7任一项的用途, 其中所述 R7独立选自 H, OH, 羰基, NH2或 SH, 优选 OH或羰基。 9, 按照权利要求 1-8任一项的用途, 其中所述化合物为
剌囊酸, Q1-Q14以及 Y1-Y 16任一化合物, 优选: 刺囊酸,
3 16«-二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 葡萄糖苷),
3^16α-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-09-D-葡萄糖苷),
3 16ct-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-(2,3,4-三 -O-乙酰基 木糖苷),
3 16α-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-Ce-D-半乳糖苷),
3Α16α-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O-W-D-乳糖苷),
3Α16ίχ-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-O- (七 -O-乙酰基 -y?-D-麦芽糖苷),
39,16ct-二羟基-齐墩果垸 - 12-烯- 28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基- -D-半乳糖苷),
39,16a-二羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯- 28-酸 -28-N-09-D-半乳糖苷),
3,16-二酮-齐墩果垸 - 12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N- (2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 D-半乳糖苷),
3,16-二酮-齐墩果垸- 12-烯-28-酸-28- ( ?-0-半乳糖苷),
3 -羟基-齐墩果垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 乙酰基 半乳糖苷),
3 ?-羟基 -齐墩果垸- 12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-0S-D-半乳糖苷),
3y5-羟基-齐墩果烷 - 12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -O-乙酰基 甘露糖苷),
3 -羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28- V-C5-D-半乳糖苷),
3-羰基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-N-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基- e -D-半乳糖苷),
3-羰基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-( β -D-半乳糖苷),
3 β,16 α -二羟基-齐墩果烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基 - β -D-甘露糖苷),
3 β -羟基-乌苏垸 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-(2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基- β -D-半乳糖苷),
3 β -羟基-乌苏烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28- Ν-( β -D-半乳糖苷),
3 β -羟基-乌苏烷 - 12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν- (2,3,4,6-四 -0-乙酰基- e -D-甘露糖苷)或
3 β -经基-乌苏烷 -12-烯 -28-酸 -28-Ν-( β -D-甘露糖苷)。
10, 按照权利要求 1 -9任一项中所述的化合物、 其立体异构体、 差向异构体、 构型异 构体或其药学上可接受的盐或它们的水合物, 条件是排除现有技术已知的化合物, 例 如刺囊酸。
11 , 按照权利要求 1 -9任一项中所述的化合物的制备方法, 包括三萜化合物天然植物 提取物或其部分基团衍生物的三萜苷元的羟基通过保护基保护, 然后活化其羧基 (例 如生成酰氯、 酯或酐), 与糖或氨 δ糖偶合, 最后脱保护生成三萜皂苷。
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