WO2014100333A1 - Échangeur de chaleur et procédé d'amélioration d'un échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur et procédé d'amélioration d'un échangeur de chaleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014100333A1
WO2014100333A1 PCT/US2013/076390 US2013076390W WO2014100333A1 WO 2014100333 A1 WO2014100333 A1 WO 2014100333A1 US 2013076390 W US2013076390 W US 2013076390W WO 2014100333 A1 WO2014100333 A1 WO 2014100333A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
hydrophobic material
exterior surface
wall
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2013/076390
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Akhil Agarwal
Leendert Johannes Arie Zoetemeijer
Himanshu Joshi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Shell Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV, Shell Oil Co filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of WO2014100333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014100333A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/006—Preventing deposits of ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
    • F28F2245/04—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophobic

Definitions

  • the present invention to a heat exchanger and a method of improving efficiency of a heat exchanger.
  • Heat exchangers are used in a number of industrial applications to transfer heat to or from a fluid before or after undergoing a process.
  • An air-cooled heat exchanger is one type of heat exchanger, commonly used to cool a fluid to near ambient temperature.
  • An air-cooled heat exchanger also called an air cooler, typically uses air as a cooling medium.
  • the air can be introduced to an exterior of a conduit holding the fluid to be cooled.
  • the air is moved across a bundle of conduits via fans, blowers, or other motive power or just by natural draft of the air-cooled heat exchanger.
  • heat can be rejected from the fluid into ambient air surrounding the conduit.
  • the conduit has fins to provide additional surface area for heat transfer .
  • ice may form as a result of buildup of condensation from water vapor present in air, or as a result of freezing rain, snow, or other precipitation.
  • the ice has a tendency to act as a thermal insulator, which can significantly reduce efficiency of the heat
  • a heat exchanger comprising a wall having an interior surface and an exterior
  • a method of improving efficiency of a heat exchanger which method comprises providing a hydrophobic material on an exterior surface of the heat exchanger.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a top view of a heat exchanger wherein the invention is incorporated;
  • Figure 2 schematically shows an enlarged cross sectional of one tube of the heat exchanger of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a sessile drop of water on the exterior surface.
  • an exterior surface of the wall of the heat exchanger comprises a hydrophobic material.
  • the wall of the heat exchanger may be the fluid barrier that physically separates one fluid (e.g. ambient air, in the case of the heat exchanger being an ambient-air operated heat exchanger) from another fluid (e.g. a process fluid), while allowing transfer of heat between the one fluid and the other fluid.
  • hydrophobic material is found to address the issue of ice on heat transfer surfaces, including fins, of a heat exchanger.
  • the hydrophobic material reduces the presence of ice on the exterior surface.
  • the hydrophobic material may inhibit ice formation on the exterior surface.
  • the hydrophobic material may inhibit ice accumulation on the exterior surface.
  • the hydrophobic material may promote removal of ice from the exterior surface .
  • the wall of the heat exchanger of which the exterior surface comprises the hydrophobic material suitably is a tube wall of a tube arranged to carry the process fluid.
  • the exterior surface of the wall is suitably arranged to be exposed to ambient air, whereas the interior surface of the wall may be arranged to be exposed to a process fluid. This way the process fluid can be in indirect heat exchange contact with the ambient air.
  • the use of the hydrophobic material on at least a portion of the exterior surface is particularly beneficial if the heat exchanger is an ambient-air operated heat exchanger.
  • An ambient-air operated heat exchanger is a heat
  • the heat exchanger that is arranged to perform indirect heat exchange between a fluid, typically a process fluid, and air from the ambient.
  • the heat exchanger may thus be an air-cooled heat exchanger, which is configured to cool the fluid against the ambient air.
  • the heat exchanger may be an air-heated heat exchanger, which is configured to heat the fluid against the ambient air.
  • the hydrophobic material may have a contact angle of more than 90° for water on the hydrophobic material. In such cases the exterior surface has anti-wetting
  • the hydrophobic material is selected from:
  • the anti-wetting property of the exterior surface prevents the formation of a liquid film on the exterior surface. As a result, more of the exterior surface is kept exposed to vapor which generally benefits the efficiency of the heat exchanger. In some cases the hydrophobic properties enhance condensation. Accumulated drops of water may fall off and/or be dragged off the exterior surface under influence of the air flow.
  • the benefits of the hydrophobic material on the exterior surface may especially come out when the
  • a heat exchanger 10 may have any number of heat transfer surfaces for providing the transfer of heat from one fluid to another fluid.
  • Such heat transfer surfaces may include hollow tubes 12, through which the fluid to be heat exchanged flows.
  • this fluid will hereinafter be
  • process fluid 14 referred to as process fluid 14.
  • the invention can be used to add heat to or remove heat from any fluid.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is an air-cooled heat exchanger with heat transfer surfaces that include a number of tubes 12a-12e.
  • the number of tubes 12a-12e may be arranged between two headers 13,13a. These headers 13,13a may assist in distributing the process fluid 14 over the respective tubes and receiving the process fluid 14 from the respective tubes.
  • a tube 12a may have a wall 16 with an interior surface 18 and an exterior surface 20.
  • the interior surface 18 and an exterior surface 20 form part of the heat transfer surfaces.
  • the wall 16 may be constructed of a material useful in heat transfer, such as carbon steel, stainless steel, or other alloy materials.
  • a material useful in heat transfer such as carbon steel, stainless steel, or other alloy materials.
  • ambient air another fluid that is cooler than the process fluid 14 on the opposite side of the wall 16.
  • the other fluid will hereinafter be referred to as ambient air 22.
  • Ambient air is certainly contemplated, but the invention has benefits for any fluid from which moisture can condense.
  • the process fluid 14 may flow within the tube 12a, and a portion of the process fluid 14 may contact the interior surface 18 of the wall 16, allowing for heat within the process fluid 14 to be transferred to the interior surface 18, through the wall 16, to the exterior surface 20. The heat may then be transferred from the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 into the ambient air 22 contacting the exterior surface 20. When the ambient air 22 contacting the exterior surface 20 contains water vapor, it may be desirable to mitigate the formation, accumulation, or other presence of water on the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16.
  • ice i.e., solid forms of water, including but not limited to sheets of ice, snow, frost, sleet, and freezing rain
  • ice formation occurs on the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16, for example via snowfall, it may be desirable to prevent the accumulation of further ice on the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16.
  • ice formation occurs, it may be desirable to promote the removal of the ice from the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16.
  • the temperature of the wall 16 may be low enough to maintain ice, or to provide for the formation of ice, whether due to low temperature on one side, low
  • temperatures of the wall 16 are about 0° C or less, the inclusion of hydrophobic material at the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 would reduce the presence of ice on the exterior surface 20 in those areas where the hydrophobic material is present. This might occur by one or more of: (1) inhibiting ice formation on the exterior surface 20,
  • hydrophobic material when hydrophobic material is provided on the exterior surface 20 of the heat exchanger 10 and is exposed to cooling medium (e.g., ambient air) at a temperature of less than the 0 °C, formation of ice may be reduced as compared to the heat exchanger 10 without a hydrophobic material on the exterior surface 20.
  • cooling medium e.g., ambient air
  • Some or all of the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 may include the hydrophobic material.
  • the hydrophobic material may be material with water repelling
  • a contact angle defined as the angle ⁇ between a sessile water drop 31 and the exterior surface
  • hydrophobic material 20 in a three-phase contact point 32 where vapor, liquid water, and the (solid) exterior surface comprising the hydrophobic material coexist, may for example be between 90° and 150°.
  • a contact angle of larger than 90° stimulates formation of droplets on the exterior surface and discourages spreading over the exterior surface to form a film.
  • Specific hydrophobic materials may have a contact angle for water between 90° and 120°, while other materials useful for the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 may have a contact angle between about 120° and 150°.
  • Hydrophobic materials in the form of super-hydrophobic materials may be used, in which case the corresponding contact angle may be 150° or greater.
  • the hydrophobic material may include silicon based materials such as organosilane epoxy,
  • polymethylsilsesquioxane polysilazane, SiC>2, epoxy silicate, siloxane.
  • the wall 16 may be integrally formed with the
  • wall 16 comprises a substrate 17, whereby the hydrophobic material forms a coating 24a on the substrate 17.
  • the hydrophobic material may incorporate a
  • hydrophobicity may be the result of surface
  • the hydrophobic material may derive some or all of the hydrophobicity from the mechanical or
  • the hydrophobic material may be obtained from Aculon,
  • Characteristics to consider when selecting the hydrophobic material may include adhesion to the substrate (e.g., carbon steel), contact angle,
  • the hydrophobic material may be resistive to accumulation of water, due to the hydrophobic (i.e., water repelling) properties.
  • the hydrophobic material may prevent film formation on the exterior surface 20 that would otherwise eventually form ice. Additionally, the hydrophobic material may prevent formed ice from sticking to the exterior surface 20 of the wall 20. Thus the ice
  • the hydrophobic material may be applied on walls of heat exchangers which have in use over a period of time or to walls 16 of newly fabricated heat exchangers, and the method of application may be selected accordingly.
  • the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 may be coated with the hydrophobic material, while other portions 29b of the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 may not be coated with the hydrophobic material. Any or all of the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 may comprise hydrophobic material, whether formed via coating 24a, 24b, or otherwise.
  • the hydrophobic coating 24a may be provided via spray
  • a vacuum chamber may be used to apply a vapor deposition
  • the method of the application of the coating 24a is not thought to be as critical as the surface chemistry of the coating 24a.
  • hydrophobic material on the exterior surface 20 of the heat exchanger 10 will depend on a number of factors. For example, when the heat exchanger 10 is air-cooled and is positioned outdoors, upper portions of the exterior surface 20 may be coated or otherwise provided with hydrophobic material to reduce the presence of weather-induced ice (e.g., snow, freezing rain, frost, etc.) on the exterior surface 20. Depending on the particular conditions at the site, and the shape of the exterior surface 20, anywhere between about 10% and about 100% of the exterior surface 20 may be provided with the hydrophobic material. For example, when the majority of the exterior surface 20 is rounded and exposed to the elements, at least 25% of the exterior surface 20 may have the hydrophobic material.
  • weather-induced ice e.g., snow, freezing rain, frost, etc.
  • a smaller portion may have the hydrophobic material.
  • some conditions may dictate a larger portion of the exterior surface 20 have the hydrophobic material.
  • the ends might not have the hydrophobic material, or the hydrophobic material may leave a gap where abrasion would occur, but other
  • surfaces may have the hydrophobic material.
  • the thickness of the layer formed by the coating 24a is preferably less than 5 ⁇ .
  • Such thin layers do not impose a significant impact on heat transfer rate through the wall 16, and any impact may be offset by the benefits that the hydrophobic properties have.
  • commercially available coatings have been applied with a thickness of about 2 ⁇ .
  • Additional or alternative sections of hydrophobic material may be used in conjunction with a heat exchanger 10 having one or more fins 26.
  • Such fins 26 may form part of the wall 16 and the exterior surface of the wall 16.
  • such fins 26 may extend away from the interior surface 18.
  • Each fin 26 may have an interior surface 28, and part of the exterior surface, indicated at 30 in Figure 2, forms part of the fin 26.
  • Heat transfer properties may be similar to those
  • the fins 26 may be constructed from similar materials as the wall 16 of the heat exchanger 10, or different materials such as aluminum, copper, or other metals or alloys may be used. Each fin 26 may extend outward from the exterior surface 20, such that the exterior surface 30 of the fin 26 extends from the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16, and the interior surface 28 of the fin 26 engages the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16. Other fin configurations may be used, so long as the fins 26 provide heat transfer properties.
  • the fins 26 may include internal fins, external fins, microgrooves , or any other configuration designed to enhance heat transfer characteristics.
  • the fin pitch of the tubes 12 may be optimized to reduce the possibility of ice accumulation due to bridging.
  • a portion of the exterior surface 30 of the fin 26 may be coated or otherwise provided with the hydrophobic
  • any portion of the entire exterior surface 20, 30 of the heat exchanger 10 may be provided with the hydrophobic material in any of a number of ways.
  • the exterior surface 30 of the fins 26 may each be provided with hydrophobic material in different portions, while the entire exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 lacks hydrophobic material, or vice versa.
  • 25% of the exterior surface 30 of the fin 26 may have hydrophobic material and at least 25% of the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 may have hydrophobic material.
  • the hydrophobic material may provide a cost effective and low-maintenance alternative to conventional methods of preventing ice formation and accumulation.
  • hydrophobic material may provide enhanced results.
  • ultrasonic or other vibration, heating, or other methods configured to energize or otherwise remove materials from a heat exchange surface may be coupled with the hydrophobic material to provide an improved method for addressing ice formation.
  • Devices to provide ultrasonic vibration may be obtained from Morko or Koltso Energy. Such devices may be attached to the tube sheet of the air cooler or other structural parts from where vibration can be transmitted to the walls 16 or to any surface of the heat exchanger 10.
  • An optional vibrator 11 for this purpose is schematically indicated in Figure 1. In the example of Figure 1, the optional vibrator 11 is suitably configured in physical contact with header 13, but other configurations are possible. Further, the vibration may be provided in a controlled manner to enhance results without risking damage due to excessive movement of the heat exchanger tubes.
  • hydrophobic material on the exterior surface 20, 30 of the heat exchanger 10 may allow for improved efficiency.
  • a method of improving efficiency of a heat exchanger 10 may include providing a hydrophobic material on an exterior surface 20, 30 of the heat exchanger.
  • the hydrophobic material useful in such a method may include any of the materials described above.
  • the hydrophobic material may reduce the presence of ice on the exterior surface, thereby improving efficiency, whether the heat exchanger 10 is an air-cooled or other type of heat exchanger 10 in which a cooling medium containing water vapor is used to cool the process fluid
  • the exterior surface 20, 30 of the heat exchanger 10 with hydrophobic material may be exposed to a cooling medium (e.g., ambient air) having a temperature of less than 0 °C.
  • a cooling medium e.g., ambient air
  • the hydrophobic material may reduce presence of ice as compared to a similar design without
  • the hydrophobic material may inhibit formation of ice on the exterior surface 20, 30.
  • the hydrophobic material may inhibit accumulation of ice on the exterior surface 20, 30.
  • the hydrophobic material may promote removal of ice from the exterior surface 20, 30 by preventing any ice present on the exterior surface 20, 30 from remaining in place.
  • agitation of the ice may result in the ice easily moving away from the hydrophobic material and thus away from the exterior surface 20, 30 of the heat
  • the ice may be inclined to easily move from position because of the hydrophobic material, and, if moved enough, the ice may fall downward under the force of gravity.
  • Methods of improving efficiency may include either constructing new heat exchangers 10 with hydrophobic material or retrofitting hydrophobic material on existing heat exchangers 10. In either instance, providing
  • hydrophobic material may include providing a coating of hydrophobic material on an exterior surface 20 of a wall 16 of the heat exchanger 16. In some instances, at least 25% of the exterior surface 20 of the wall 16 may include the hydrophobic material.
  • the method may include providing a coating of hydrophobic material on an exterior surface 30 of a fin 26 extending from a wall 16 of a tube 12 of the heat exchanger 10. In some instances, at least 25% of the exterior surface 30 of the fin 26 is coated with the hydrophobic material.
  • headers 13,13a may include hydrophobic materials.
  • hydrophobic materials selectively.
  • Such surfaces may be the top surfaces
  • the temperature of the wall 16 may be maintained at a temperature above 0 °C for ambient air temperatures down to -15 °C. At lower air temperatures, moisture (e.g., in the form of supercooled water, ice, snow, or other precipitation) may become rare and wall and process temperatures may be reduced below the freezing point.
  • Some applications may use the hydrophobic materials on the walls of air-cooled heat exchangers in liquid natural gas (LNG) production plants in cold climates, such as arctic LNG plants, where air-cooled heat
  • LNG liquid natural gas
  • exchangers may be employed to cool refrigerants and other process fluids with extremely low temperature air at high relative humidity.
  • temperatures may fall below the freezing point of water and be exposed to arctic precipitation with the risk of frost and ice formation on the finned surface area.
  • the use of hydrophobic materials on the heat exchanger wall can prevent or reverse blockage of airflow area that would otherwise significantly impact cooling performance and LNG production. Since there is no ice accumulation or frosting on the heat exchanger, the performance of the heat exchanger may remain consistent through all weather cycles and process conditions in which ice formation might otherwise take place.
  • the hydrophobic material may be used where ambient air is used to heat the process fluid inside the heat exchanger.
  • liquid natural gas vaporization or revaporization applications may utilize the hydrophobic material on one or more surfaces on which ice may form.
  • the application of the teachings herein would also apply to an air heated heat exchanger.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Echangeur de chaleur comprenant une paroi et un matériau hydrophobe. La paroi comporte une surface intérieure et une surface extérieure. Au moins une partie de la surface extérieure comprend le matériau hydrophobe. La présente du matériau hydrophobe sur au moins une partie de la surface extérieure de la paroi de l'échangeur de chaleur améliore l'efficacité de l'échangeur de chaleur.
PCT/US2013/076390 2012-12-21 2013-12-19 Échangeur de chaleur et procédé d'amélioration d'un échangeur de chaleur Ceased WO2014100333A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261740620P 2012-12-21 2012-12-21
US61/740,620 2012-12-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014100333A1 true WO2014100333A1 (fr) 2014-06-26

Family

ID=49943558

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2013/076390 Ceased WO2014100333A1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2013-12-19 Échangeur de chaleur et procédé d'amélioration d'un échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2014100333A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017070090A1 (fr) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-27 Carrier Corporation Système de conditionnement de température de l'air ayant un échangeur de chaleur résistant au givre

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1580514A1 (fr) * 2002-11-26 2005-09-28 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Echangeur de chaleur destine a un dispositif a air et de congelation
US6971248B1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2005-12-06 Wiggs B Ryland Method and apparatus for inhibiting ice accumulation in HVAC systems
US7886558B2 (en) * 2002-02-11 2011-02-15 Earth To Air Systems, Llc Method and apparatus for inhibiting frozen moisture accumulation in HVAC systems
DE202012100838U1 (de) * 2012-03-08 2012-04-03 Alpha-Innotec Gmbh Verdampfer insbesondere für einen Kältemittelkreislauf

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6971248B1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2005-12-06 Wiggs B Ryland Method and apparatus for inhibiting ice accumulation in HVAC systems
US7886558B2 (en) * 2002-02-11 2011-02-15 Earth To Air Systems, Llc Method and apparatus for inhibiting frozen moisture accumulation in HVAC systems
EP1580514A1 (fr) * 2002-11-26 2005-09-28 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Echangeur de chaleur destine a un dispositif a air et de congelation
DE202012100838U1 (de) * 2012-03-08 2012-04-03 Alpha-Innotec Gmbh Verdampfer insbesondere für einen Kältemittelkreislauf

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LT HANNAH KAWAMOTO: "Natural Gas Regasification Technologies", PROCEEDINGS MAGAZINE OF THE MARIN SAFETY & SECURITY COUNCIL, vol. 65, no. 4

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017070090A1 (fr) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-27 Carrier Corporation Système de conditionnement de température de l'air ayant un échangeur de chaleur résistant au givre
CN108351150A (zh) * 2015-10-23 2018-07-31 开利公司 具有防霜换热器的空气温度调节系统

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Boyina et al. Condensation frosting on meter-scale superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic heat exchangers
Ahmadi et al. Passive antifrosting surfaces using microscopic ice patterns
Murphy et al. Dynamic defrosting on scalable superhydrophobic surfaces
Nath et al. A review of condensation frosting
Kim et al. Frosting characteristics on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces: A review
Wang et al. Effects of surface characteristic on frosting and defrosting behaviors of fin-tube heat exchangers
Wang et al. Defrosting performance of superhydrophobic fin-tube heat exchanger
US20100096113A1 (en) Hybrid surfaces that promote dropwise condensation for two-phase heat exchange
Zhong et al. Condensation heat transfer between a vertical superhydrophobic aluminum surface and moist air under natural convection
EP3059541B1 (fr) Procédé de préservation de la surface d'échange de chaleur et procédé de refroidissement d'air humide
Kim et al. Defrosting behavior and performance on vertical plate for surfaces of varying wettability
Lyu et al. Performance study of an active-passive combined anti-frosting method for fin-tube heat exchanger
KR20200128592A (ko) 상변화물질의 동결을 위한 열교환 시스템 및 그 방법
US20170234629A1 (en) Coated heat exchanger
Sarma et al. Coarsening droplets for frosting delay on hydrophilic slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces
WO2014100333A1 (fr) Échangeur de chaleur et procédé d'amélioration d'un échangeur de chaleur
KR101416652B1 (ko) 초발수 표면을 가지는 열교환기용 냉각핀 및 이를 이용한 열교환기
US20130058725A1 (en) System for extracting heat from an effluent flowing in a duct, and heat exchanger for such a system
Liu et al. The effect of surface wettability on frost melting
CN101120227B (zh) 空气冷却器
JP2006029356A (ja) 低温液化ガス気化装置
JP6347558B2 (ja) 結露または着霜抑制用担体
Hakimian et al. Physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface
Chavan et al. Recent advances in frosting for heat transfer applications
Vasilyev et al. Technical solution for protection of heat pump evaporators against freezing the moisture condensed

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13818923

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 13818923

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1