WO2014102402A1 - Système de boucle fluide diphasique de type lhp pour la transmission de chaleur et la régulation thermique - Google Patents

Système de boucle fluide diphasique de type lhp pour la transmission de chaleur et la régulation thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014102402A1
WO2014102402A1 PCT/ES2012/070918 ES2012070918W WO2014102402A1 WO 2014102402 A1 WO2014102402 A1 WO 2014102402A1 ES 2012070918 W ES2012070918 W ES 2012070918W WO 2014102402 A1 WO2014102402 A1 WO 2014102402A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid
compensation
chamber
evaporator
heat
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PCT/ES2012/070918
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Alejandro TORRES SEPÚLVEDA
Donatas Mishkinis
Andrei Kulakov
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Iberica Del Espacio SA
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Iberica Del Espacio SA
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Priority to US14/654,742 priority Critical patent/US20150338171A1/en
Priority to EP12832734.3A priority patent/EP2940416B1/fr
Priority to PCT/ES2012/070918 priority patent/WO2014102402A1/fr
Priority to ES12832734.3T priority patent/ES2648877T3/es
Publication of WO2014102402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014102402A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat transmission and thermal control device, especially for use in spacecraft, and more particularly the invention is directed to a heat transmission and thermal control device with two-phase closed capillary loops.
  • thermal control of a spaceship depends on the overall thermal balance of the spaceship: thermal loads must be evacuated to deep space, which acts as a thermal sink. Since there is no material connection between this sink and the spacecraft, this evacuation is carried out by thermal radiation through dedicated radiators installed on the external surfaces of the satellite.
  • the thermal charges of the spacecraft come from the dissipation of the spacecraft's internal equipment, and externally, from the sun and the earth or from the celestial bodies around which the spacecraft orbits. Thermal systems used in spacecraft must therefore be able to control equipment that operates in a specific range of temperatures, and also discontinuously.
  • thermo devices for controlling thermal loads in spacecraft are heat transfer loops Biphasic, which are also known in engineering practice as closed capillary loops and mechanically pumped or closed heat loops.
  • the purpose of these devices in spacecraft is to transmit heat between a heat source (for example, an electronic element) and a heat sink (typically, deep space).
  • heat is transmitted through an evaporation-condensation cycle of a working fluid stored inside a hermetically sealed container.
  • Closed capillary loops have a special porous structure, called a capillary pump or wick, to keep the working fluid in continuous circulation within the system.
  • the wick is always located in the evaporator of the closed loop of capillary drive.
  • the evaporator is fixed to a heat source.
  • CBC closed-loop caloducts
  • BCBC closed loops of capillary pumping
  • CPL capillary pumped loops, in English
  • closed biphasic hybrid heat loops are intended to create thermal control systems with the following characteristics: optimized functional plan, scalability, expandability, share effective thermal loads, flexibility in component placement, thermal coupling between independent radiators and minimized mass and volume.
  • CBC technology was originally invented in the Soviet Union, and this technology of a heat transfer apparatus is known, for example, in US 451 5209.
  • the first CBC systems were dedicated to terrestrial applications. Later, a capillary link was introduced (wick secondary) between the evaporator and the compensation chamber, to provide liquid supply from the compensation chamber to the primary evaporator wick in conditions of zero gravity (0 g).
  • Each evaporator in a typical CBC system has its own compensation chamber, which can be connected directly to the compensation chambers of other evaporators or may not have any direct connection to the compensation chambers of other evaporators in the system.
  • the evaporators are rigidly connected to each other and are located at relatively close distances from each other.
  • each evaporator comprises a compensation chamber.
  • the volume of the compensation chamber increases rapidly as the number of evaporators increases. This implies a limit on the number of evaporators that can be used in these systems.
  • the key components for CBC temperature control are the compensation chambers.
  • the CBC can operate at temperature desired in most cases, since the CBC responds very well to sudden changes in thermal load, sump temperature and setpoint temperature.
  • only one of the compensation chambers has a biphasic vapor-liquid condition during operation, despite the number under temperature control.
  • the results of the tests have shown that when one of the evaporators has a very low thermal load, a sudden steam generation was observed on the inner surface of the capillary pump, which dramatically increased the leakage of parasitic heat to the compensation chamber, which results in a higher operating temperature of the loop. This causes a hysteresis control problem for the loop that is difficult to predict or avoid. It was also found that situations in which the liquid is distributed between the compensation chambers (trying to occupy the lowest pressure points) can lead to the unstable operation of the system. In addition, a controllability problem arises for CBC systems with multiple evaporators when the amount of evaporators and compensation chambers increases.
  • BCBC closed loop capillary drive
  • US 6626231 and US 71 18076 typically comprises one or more evaporators, one or more condensers, transport lines, a remote compensation chamber and a subcooler.
  • the location of the clearing house is the main feature differentiator between BCBC and CBC designs.
  • the CBC compensation chamber or chambers are always connected directly to the evaporator or evaporators, but the BCBCs have a remote compensation chamber (also called a liquid tank), separated from the evaporator or evaporators by a small diameter connecting tube or tubes (2.5 mm).
  • the liquid from the condenser and the remote compensation chamber flows through the subcooler before reaching the evaporators.
  • the BCBC comprising a remote tank loses the ability to start without special preconditioning.
  • tolerance for parasitic steam heat leakage is a significant problem of reliable system operability.
  • the growth of a vapor bubble on the inner surface of the capillary pump leads to the drying of the pump and, finally, to the failure of the BCBC to function.
  • the bubble normally migrates to the compensation chamber (as soon as it is fixed near the evaporator) and condenses in sub-cooled liquid that always appears in the CBC compensation chamber.
  • the two-port evaporator (a liquid inlet and a steam outlet) initially used in BCBCs generally suffered drying due to the appearance of steam in the liquid core during start-up and transient regimes.
  • a three-port capillary evaporator was introduced into the system that connects the remote reservoir line to the evaporator's liquid core. This configuration allows steam to expand along the evaporator core and to migrate into the remote reservoir, instead of accumulating in the evaporator core and interfering with the liquid returning from the condenser.
  • the three-port capillary pumps were used as starter pumps, and then as the design of the main functional evaporator.
  • a capillary device called a capillary insulator, was introduced, located upstream of the evaporator inlet.
  • Counter-pressure regulators were also installed in many BCBCs of multiple evaporators to assist during startup. These capillary devices, located in the steam transport line, redirect the steam initially generated in an evaporator to the other evaporators that are not in operation (without thermal load).
  • This action forces the liquid out of the steam lines and improves the chances of a successful startup of all evaporators in the system: it also helps to encourage the sharing of thermal loads between evaporators, for example, when an inactive evaporator acts as a condenser.
  • another problem in known BCBC systems is the formation of non-condensable gases in the loop, which can lead to evaporator failure if non-condensable bubbles reach the evaporator core and block the return of the liquid to the BCBC evaporators. Since it is virtually inevitable that non-condensable gases will be formed during the life of BCBCs, BCBCs should be designed to be tolerant of non-condensable gases in one way or another.
  • Traps are often used for systems with parallel condensers and are located at the outlet of the condenser where they can also serve as regulators of capillary flow (if the trap uses a capillary structure to separate gas from the liquid).
  • the capillary structure helps prevent steam from leaving the condenser. If one of the capacitors becomes fully utilized, then this trap can be used to redirect the loose to another capacitor or capacitors.
  • the BCBC design should never allow the formation of bubbles on the liquid side of the loop: a bubble trap must be placed at the outlet of the subcooler to prevent the convection of non-condensable gases and / or vapor bubbles to the evaporators ; - The BCBC requires a starting evaporator to clean the steam ducts in the main evaporators before heat is applied;
  • This system is known as the Free Location LHP (CBC), as shown, for example, in US 5944092, in Soviet patent 1 626798 or in Russian patent 21 20592.
  • CBC Free Location LHP
  • This system successfully passed field tests with a favorable gravitational increase in evaporators in relation to the compensation chamber, thus facilitating the capillary bonds to distribute the fluid to all evaporators.
  • the restriction of orientation in the gravitational field is due to the limits imposed by the capillary bond.
  • the capillary link connecting the evaporators and the compensation chamber limits the separation distance between the evaporators and the compensation chamber. This limitation is similar to the one that already exists in conventional thermal pipes.
  • Other significant limitations of this design are the complexity and integration difficulties that give rise to problems of expandability, scalability and standardization of the pieces.
  • connection pipe between each evaporator and the compensation chamber contains a capillary link inside
  • the internal diameter of the tube is usually greater than 4 mm, since it is practically impossible to install a capillary structure in a pipe with a smaller diameter .
  • Large diameter connection pipes make the system inflexible and require high requirements for tolerances for integration purposes.
  • a capillary link (secondary wick) supplies the liquid to the primary capillary pump practically only during transient regimes.
  • the capillary link supplies all the amount of liquid that is needed for the evaporator, which causes significant limitations of the rates of change of the power of the heat source and / or the temperature of the heat sink .
  • Another disadvantage of this approach is the low thermal conductance of the evaporators due to the constant presence of the vapor phase in the evaporator core.
  • multi-free capillary pumping multi-free LHP CPL
  • the functional evaporators do not have a capillary link with the chamber of compensation, but only with the liquid line.
  • the limitations of this design are similar to those of conventional BCBCs with starter pumps. Capillary tubes attached to the evaporators of the liquid line cannot provide reliable vapor tolerance and, therefore, the disadvantage of this design is the need to have a special additional evaporator with a specific power source to provide circulation of the loop
  • the main loop is basically a traditional BCBC with the same configuration and operating principles as a BCBC, and its function is to transport dissipated heat and reject it to a heat sink through the primary condenser.
  • the auxiliary loop is used to remove the vapor bubbles from the core of the BCBC evaporators and transfer them to the compensation chamber.
  • the auxiliary loop only contains a CBC type evaporator with the large compensation chamber attached. There is only one chamber that is common to all evaporators: the BCBC evaporators in the main loop and the CBC evaporator in the auxiliary loop.
  • the auxiliary loop is also used to facilitate starting. In this way, the auxiliary loop serves as a functional substitute for the secondary wick of a conventional CBC.
  • the viability of this design was only achieved by connecting the evaporators in series. This means that consequently the liquid has to pass through the evaporators: the flow that leaves the first evaporator enters the second, etc.
  • the multi-evaporator hybrid CBC included three evaporators, one of which was a standard CBC evaporator attached directly to the common system compensation chamber, as well as two traditional three-port BCBC evaporators.
  • the tests showed that the system was not very reliable during power cycles.
  • the sensitivity to the power cycle was attributed to the expansion of vapor bubbles in the evaporator core. Heat conduction through the wall of the evaporator capillary pump facilitated the nucleation of the vapor in the evaporator core. In the case of steady state operation, these bubbles were dragged from the core of functional evaporators by the flow of the liquid to the capillary pump.
  • the internal design of the evaporators was modified to include a special phase separation wick, which was designed to provide better control of the distribution of the two vapor / liquid phases in the pump core.
  • the objective of the design modifications was to extend the phase control provided by the secondary wick in the traditional CBC evaporator to the BCBC evaporators.
  • the operation was verified in relatively limited conditions: the evaporators were generally in horizontal orientation and close to each other, so the hydraulic resistance of the lines was similar.
  • the hybrid loop system would be able to manage different designs of multiple evaporators.
  • the need for supplementary circulation through the loop can be considered a disadvantage due to the active nature of the critical design components, which reduces the reliability and service life of the system.
  • advanced CBC is a CBC with two evaporators: the main evaporator (functional) and the secondary evaporator (auxiliary), according to US681 0946 B2, for example, which incorporates a secondary evaporator to the conventional design of the CBC.
  • the secondary evaporator is in an environment with increased cold to ensure that the capillary pump is always primed. Electric heaters are connected to this evaporator to provide the thermal power necessary for its operation.
  • the secondary pump When the secondary pump is in operation, it actively removes the steam that accumulates in the compensation chamber due to parasitic heat leaks to the compensation chamber of the main evaporator and the liquid line.
  • This design only considers a single main CBC evaporator.
  • the biggest disadvantage of this approach is the existence of the additional evaporator and its active nature. In fact, this solution is needed for a CBC with a secondary pump not designed correctly.
  • This invention is therefore oriented towards these needs.
  • this invention provides a thermal control and heat transmission system, in particular a two-phase closed loop caloduct (CBC) system of capillary drive.
  • CBC closed loop caloduct
  • An object of the invention is to provide a biphasic capillary loop closed loop (CBC) system that operates reliably under a wide range of operating conditions, while providing parasitic heat leakage tolerance means for steam the evaporator and design flexibility by implementing a remote compensation chamber.
  • CBC biphasic capillary loop closed loop
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a two-phase system.
  • CBC capillary drive with the possibility of expansion, that is, that the amount of evaporators and / or condensers can be altered.
  • scalability the size of the evaporators (in terms of diameter and length) can vary over a wide range and can be adjusted depending on the particular application needed;
  • controllability possibility of controlling the operating temperature of the system by means of the thermal control of the remote compensation chamber;
  • the power ranges may vary from one evaporator to another, so that some evaporators may have the maximum thermal load while others have no power application;
  • the small diameter (1-2 mm) of the connecting pipes between the evaporators and the remote compensation chamber facilitates the installation of the system at the satellite level; in addition, flexible inserts, such as coils and / or flexible hoses, can be used to improve system integration;
  • the system of the invention comprises at least one evaporator, comprising a thermal compensation-stabilization chamber to which it is connected, at least one condenser, liquid and vapor lines and a single remote compensation chamber.
  • the thermal compensation-stabilization chamber comprises two-phase tanks and hydraulic accumulators.
  • the remote compensation chamber has a hydraulic connection to the two-phase reservoirs and hydraulic accumulators of the compensation-thermal stabilization chamber.
  • the evaporator comprises a primary capillary pump that absorbs the heat produced by the equipment to be cooled and provides a continuous circulation of fluid / heat between the evaporator, which is connected to the heat source, and the condenser, which is connected to the heat sink .
  • a secondary capillary pump that serves to provide liquid to the primary wick and to provide intermittent fluid / heat circulation during transient system operating regimes between the inside of the primary wick and the remote compensation chamber with thermal control.
  • the thermal compensation-stabilization chamber allows the removal of internal heat leaks through a capillary pump by convection and condensation on the surface of the heat exchanger, which separates the two-phase tanks and hydraulic accumulators in the thermal stabilization-compensation chamber.
  • FIGS 1 a, 1 b and 1 c show schematic views of the closed-loop heat exchanger (CBC) device of the invention with a remote compensation chamber and two evaporators.
  • CBC closed-loop heat exchanger
  • FIG. 2 shows an overview of the CBC device of the invention with several evaporators (4 units) and several condensers (2 units).
  • the present invention relates to a CBC device 1 comprising an evaporator 2 with a compensation-stabilization chamber 10, a combination of a primary capillary pump 30 and a secondary capillary pump 40, together with the plumbing components corresponding to the CBC 1 device.
  • the primary capillary pump 30 pumps fluid to the CBC 1 device, whose evaporation absorbs heat from the system to be cooled.
  • the secondary capillary pump 40 provides liquid to the primary capillary pump 30 and, together with the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 and the remote compensation chamber 20, provides the means for vapor removal formed by internal heat parasitic leaks. of the at least one evaporator 2.
  • the present invention relates to a CBC 1 device, which can be an embodiment of the type of a single condenser-evaporator or several evaporators (and / or capacitors), as shown in Figures 1 a, 1 b, 1 c.
  • the CBC 1 device of the invention comprises the following components:
  • the evaporator 2 comprises the compensation-stabilization chamber 10, a combination of a primary capillary pump 30 and a secondary capillary pump 40.
  • the primary capillary pump 30 pumps fluid to the CBC 1 device, whose evaporation absorbs the heat of the equipment to be cooled.
  • the secondary capillary pump 40 provides liquid to the primary capillary pump 30 and, together with the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 and the remote compensation chamber 20, provides the means for vapor removal that is formed by the leakage of heat parasites 18 internal of at least one evaporator 2;
  • a remote compensation chamber 20 in biphasic condition to perform temperature control functions and for the management of changes in the volume of the liquid phase together with excess parasitic steam heat leakage during the transient operating regimes of the CBC , providing a standardized compact design of the evaporator 2 as well as the possibility of extension in the embodiment with several evaporators 2; high volume compensation-stabilization chambers 14 may not be necessary depending on the total volume of the CBC 1 device, since they may have minimum unified volumes that allow to manage and ensure the non-condensable vapor / gas tolerance during the permanent state regime;
  • FIG. 1 a A CBC device 1 with an arrangement with a remote compensation chamber 20 and evaporators 2 is appreciated, so that:
  • FIG. 1 a shows the remote compensation chamber 20 connected to a two-phase tank 5 of the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 by means of a two-phase line 12.
  • the liquid storage tank 6 of the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 It is connected to the remote compensation chamber 20 via the liquid line 13.
  • the condenser return liquid always passes through the remote compensation chamber 20 before reaching the evaporators 2.
  • FIG. 1 b shows the remote compensation chamber 20 connected to the two-phase tank 5 of the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 by a two-phase line 12.
  • the liquid line 13 is directly connected to the liquid line 24 returning liquid to a bayonet tube 7 to the inlet of the evaporator 2 from the condenser 27.
  • the remote compensation chamber 20 has a hydraulic link with the liquid accumulator tank 6 of the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 via lines 13 and 24.
  • FIG. 1 c shows the remote compensation chamber 20 connected to the two-phase tank 5 of the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 by means of a two-phase line 1 2.
  • the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 also comprises a liquid storage tank 6 directly connected to the remote compensation chamber 20 by means of a liquid return line 13.
  • the two-phase port of the remote compensation chamber 20 is always connected via line 12 to the compensation-stabilization chamber 10.
  • the liquid port (s) of the Remote compensation chamber can be connected to the 1 0 compensation-stabilization chamber in three different ways: directly (Fig 2c), via liquid line 24 in series (Fig. 2a) and in parallel (Fig 2b ).
  • Fig 2c directly
  • Fig. 2a liquid line 24 in series
  • Fig 2b in parallel
  • the maximum number of fluid ports for the compensation chamber 20 can be calculated by multiplying the number of evaporators by two and adding the number of condensers: in this case, all evaporators have two individual lines 1 2 and 1 3 connecting with the compensation-stabilization chamber 1 0 and with the remote compensation chamber 20.
  • the remote compensation chamber 20 is connected to the condenser through additional liquid lines 24.
  • Secondary capillary pump Evaporator 2 comprises a small compensation-stabilization chamber 1 0 that contains a secondary capillary pump 40, designed to effectively manage the steam flow caused by parasitic heat leaks 1 8 to the central core of the pump primary capillary 30.
  • the design of the evaporator 2 comprises a primary capillary pump 30 with external heat withdrawal channels 1 9 outside the primary capillary pump 30, a secondary capillary pump 40 and a compensation chamber. 1 0 stabilization comprising two chambers, a two-phase tank 5 and a liquid storage tank 6.
  • the primary capillary pump 30 also comprises internal steam extraction channels 16 in the evaporator core 2, to remove the vapor that is formed because of heat leakage through the primary capillary pump 30.
  • These steam extraction channels 1 6 are connected to the small two-phase tank 5 near the outlets of the steam extraction channels 1 6.
  • This two-phase tank 5 comprises an exchanger of heat 1 5 (heat exchange surface) between the two-phase tank 5 and the liquid storage tank 6 of the compensation-stabilization chamber 1 0.
  • the liquid storage tank 6 and the two-phase tank 5 with the exchange surface of heat 1 5 can be identified as a compensation-stabilization chamber 1 0.
  • the secondary capillary pump 40 is located inside the primary capillary pump aria 30 and the compensation-stabilization chamber 1 0.
  • a porous wick 25 is installed inside the compensation chamber 20 to manage the distribution of fluids under microgravity conditions. The porous wick 25 also prevents vapor bubbles or non-condensable gases from entering the liquid line 1 3 and the liquid storage tank 6.
  • the working fluid is in three states inside the device 1 of the CBC of the invention: steam 29, liquid 14 and biphasic states 31.
  • the heat evaporates the working liquid.
  • the steam flows from the evaporator 2 to the condenser 27 through the steam transport line 28, where it condenses.
  • the working liquid returns to the compensation-stabilization chamber 1 0 and to the evaporator 2 through the liquid transport line 24, and then evaporates in the primary capillary pump 30 of the evaporator 2.
  • the proposed CBC 1 device of the invention is controlled by the remote compensation chamber 20, since the two phases are always found in this chamber.
  • the link of the secondary capillary pump 40 and the compensation-stabilization chamber 1 0 provides the following functions:
  • the CBC device 1 may contain several evaporators 2 and several condensers 27 (figures 1, 2). The opportunity is provided for evaporators 2 to be able to collect the power from various heat sources, which may be remote from each other due to the flexibility / adaptability provided by the CBC 1 device concept.
  • the heat exchanger 15 in the compensation-stabilization chamber 10 provides the possibility of cooling and condensing the steam generated by the main (primary) heat leakage parasite 18;
  • the cold liquid subcooled in the liquid storage tank 6 cools and condenses the vapor bubbles 22 when there is liquid in the two-phase tank 5 or condenses the vapor forming liquid drops 23 on the heat exchange surface 15.
  • the heat exchanger 15 It is designed with a surface area calculated to condense the vapor that corresponds to 10-15% of the thermal load 17 of the evaporator inlet (maximum possible values of heat leakage), so that the biphasic line 12 is normally filled with liquid, which is the nominal operating regime of the CBC under steady state conditions.
  • the heat exchanger 15 is the main means of tolerance of parasitic leaks of steam heat;
  • the main non-condensable vapor / gas tolerance means are as close as possible to the evaporators 2.
  • the liquid flowing from the condenser 27 not only reaches the evaporator 2, but also the reserve can be supplied from the liquid in the liquid storage tank 6 to the evaporator 2 when necessary (especially during transient regimes), in order to increase the reliability of the system.
  • several additional redundant means can be considered: auxiliary CBC and / or electric thermal cooler, for example.
  • the steam generated by the internal heat leaks 1 8 in the evaporator core that are transferred to the two-phase tank 5 is condensed in the heat exchanger 1 5 (in the case of nominal operation). Therefore, the two-phase line 12 that connects the two-phase tank 5 and the remote compensation chamber 20 is usually filled with liquid.
  • the rest of the heat leaks (the secondary leaks that enter the liquid channel through the secondary capillary pump 40) will be compensated with the condensation in the liquid accumulator tank 6 in the compensation-stabilization chamber 1 0 by subcooled liquid .
  • the presence of the remote compensation chamber 20 provides the opportunity to manage non-condensable gases inside the CBC.
  • the non-condensable gas is in the compensation chamber 1 0 near the evaporator 2 and can enter the evaporator core 1 6 and thus have a greater influence on the evaporator 2 and, therefore, on the operation of the CBC.
  • the non-condensable gas will flow to the remote compensation chamber 20 that will accumulate non-condensable gas to avoid a negative impact on the operation of the CBC.
  • This scheme guarantees the non-condensable vapor / gas tolerance of the CBC 1 device and the reliability of the system (especially during transient regimes) individually, passively and automatically for each evaporator 2 (in the option of multiple evaporators), without the need for Have active control.
  • This design provides a simpler and more robust alternative to external active 'forced pumping' designs employed in other technical solutions known in the prior art equipped with auxiliary remote loops with capillary pumping or loops with mechanical pumping for the entire system.
  • the secondary capillary pump 40 works as a secondary loop capillary pump with the remote compensation chamber 20 as a condenser to absorb heat leakage through the primary capillary pump 30. Therefore, in existing designs the secondary capillary pump 40 performs similar functions as a remote auxiliary loop of capillary or mechanical pumping.
  • a remote compensation chamber 20 (common for all evaporators 2 in the multiple evaporators option) that is included in the proposed design serves to accumulate liquid and compensate for changes in liquid volume during CBC 1 operation.
  • This large tank makes it possible to avoid the obligation to design a large volume compensation chamber for individual evaporators in the multi-evaporator option (in conventional CBCs with multiple evaporators their volumes depend largely on the total number of evaporators 2 in the system) . Therefore, this configuration allows a scalable design that can be more easily adapted to the number of evaporators 2 required and to the specific requirements of each application, since the design of the evaporators 2 will be the same regardless of the design and volume of the lines, condensers 27, the total number of evaporators 2, etc. It will only be necessary to adjust the volume of the clearing chamber 20 for some specific requirements.
  • the design and location of the remote compensation chamber 20 can be selected based on functional objectives and geometric constraints. However, it is recommended to control the temperature of the chamber remote compensation 20. For this, several options have been considered and the most appropriate solution can be selected based on the requirements of each application:
  • the CBC 1 device of the invention may comprise several additional optional elements, such as:
  • a capillary block can be installed at the outlet of the parallel condensers 27 to improve the steam distribution between them;
  • More capillary blockages may also be included in the outlets of the liquid lines 24 of the multiple evaporators 2 to prevent the liquid line 24 and the evaporators 2 from suffering pressure losses.
  • the CBC device 1 of the invention can also comprise other external auxiliary means such as cooling increment links or electric thermal chillers for the subcooling of the liquid inside the liquid accumulator tanks 6 in the compensation-stabilization chambers 10.
  • this cooling is mainly used as additional means for the withdrawal of the return of the evaporators 2 and the parasitic heat leaks to the liquid line 24. Therefore, several options are taken into account:

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Système de boucle fluide diphasique de type LHP (1) pour la transmission de chaleur et la régulation thermique, utilisant un fluide diphasique comme fluide de travail et comprenant : au moins un évaporateur (2) destiné à se raccorder à une source de chaleur, ledit évaporateur comprenant une chambre de compensation-stabilisation thermique (10) reliée à au moins un évaporateur (2), et une pompe capillaire secondaire (40) située à l'intérieur de la chambre de compensation-stabilisation thermique (10), au moins un condenseur (27) destiné à se raccorder à un puits thermique, des conduites de liquide (24) et des conduites de vapeur (28) qui relient au moins un évaporateur (2) et au moins un condensateur (27), et une chambre de compensation distante (20). La chambre de compensation-stabilisation thermique (10) comprend un réservoir diphasique (5) et un réservoir (6) d'accumulation de liquide séparés par une surface d'échange de chaleur (15), de manière que la chambre de compensation distante (20) soit raccordée hydrauliquement au réservoir diphasique (5) et au réservoir d'accumulation de liquide (6).
PCT/ES2012/070918 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Système de boucle fluide diphasique de type lhp pour la transmission de chaleur et la régulation thermique Ceased WO2014102402A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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US14/654,742 US20150338171A1 (en) 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Loop heat pipe apparatus for heat transfer and thermal control
EP12832734.3A EP2940416B1 (fr) 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Dispositif caloduc en boucle pour transfert et régulation thermique
PCT/ES2012/070918 WO2014102402A1 (fr) 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Système de boucle fluide diphasique de type lhp pour la transmission de chaleur et la régulation thermique
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CN109387108A (zh) * 2018-11-21 2019-02-26 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 一种用于低温回路热管的可更换式蒸发器补偿器
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US20130228313A1 (en) * 2007-04-16 2013-09-05 Stephen Fried Gas cooled condensers for loop heat pipe like enclosure cooling
US9261310B2 (en) * 2007-04-16 2016-02-16 Stephen Fried Gas cooled condensers for loop heat pipe like enclosure cooling
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