WO2014142061A1 - 積層基材およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
積層基材およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014142061A1 WO2014142061A1 PCT/JP2014/056142 JP2014056142W WO2014142061A1 WO 2014142061 A1 WO2014142061 A1 WO 2014142061A1 JP 2014056142 W JP2014056142 W JP 2014056142W WO 2014142061 A1 WO2014142061 A1 WO 2014142061A1
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
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- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
- B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
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- B32B37/1207—Heat-activated adhesive
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
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- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/26—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention is excellent in shaping into a complicated shape at the time of stamping molding, can be molded in a short time, and has excellent mechanical properties and low variability in which the molded part can be applied to a structural material And a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, an intermediate base of fiber reinforced plastic that easily follows the molding of three-dimensional shapes such as ribs and bosses, maintains mechanical strength as a structural member, and is suitably used for, for example, aircraft members, automobile members, sports equipment, and the like.
- the present invention relates to a laminated base material that is a material, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- stamping molding is used in which a base material (prepreg) impregnated with a thermoplastic resin is laminated on continuous reinforcing fibers and shaped into the desired shape by heating and pressing with a press or the like. Most commonly done.
- the fiber reinforced plastic obtained in this way has excellent mechanical properties because it uses continuous reinforcing fibers. Further, by arranging the continuous reinforcing fibers regularly, it is possible to design the required mechanical properties, and the variation in the mechanical properties is small. However, since it is a continuous reinforcing fiber, it is difficult to form a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional shape, and the fiber-reinforced plastic manufactured in this way is mainly used only for members having a planar shape.
- Patent Document 1 there is a method for obtaining a sheet having excellent fluidity and excellent stamping formability by dispersing a chip-like prepreg obtained by cutting a tape-like prepreg having a narrow width into a predetermined length on a flat surface.
- Patent Document 1 it is extremely difficult to place a chip-shaped prepreg with a certain width and length on a flat plate in a completely random direction. There is a problem that the physical properties are different.
- Non-Patent Document 1 D-LFT molding has also been carried out, in which reinforcing fibers are fed directly into the screw section of a molding machine for the purpose of improving production efficiency, and the fibers are cut and dispersed at the same time, followed by continuous injection molding and extrusion molding.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Since the reinforcing fiber is cut to an appropriate length, it can easily flow and can follow a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional shape.
- D-LFT has a problem that the mechanical properties deteriorate or the dispersion of the values increases because the fiber length unevenness and the fiber distribution unevenness occur in the cutting and dispersing process.
- Patent Documents 4 to 6 methods for improving the above-mentioned problems related to strength and variations by optimizing the cutting shape are disclosed (Patent Documents 4 to 6).
- this method shows improvement in mechanical properties and dispersion, uniform fluidity to a complicated three-dimensional shape such as a thin rib or boss is insufficient.
- it is necessary to arrange a large number of sharp cuts with respect to the fiber direction, and in the case of cutting with a cutting plotter, the time required for the cut becomes long.
- this method when the cut is arranged by punching, not only the manufacturing cost of the punching blade is increased, but also a tear is likely to occur in the fiber direction when punching, and a sheet is missing between adjacent cuts. There is a problem that occurs.
- D-LFT long-fiber reinforced thermoplastics
- the present invention is intended to solve the problems associated with the prior art as described above, and has excellent mechanical properties such as bending strength and bending elastic modulus applicable to a structural material, and their mechanical characteristics. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminated base material that is low in variation, has excellent shapeability into a complicated shape, and can be molded in a short time, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by providing specific slits in a prepreg containing reinforcing fibers oriented in one direction and a thermoplastic matrix resin.
- the invention has been completed. That is, the present invention has the following embodiments (1) to (15).
- Laminated substrate containing. (2) The laminated base material according to (1), including a prepreg having a length of the reinforcing fiber cut by the cutting of 5 mm to 100 mm. (3) The laminated base material according to (1) or (2), wherein the reinforcing fiber is a carbon fiber having an average single fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex or more and 2.4 dtex or less. (4) The laminated base material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the laminated base material further includes a layer made of a thermoplastic resin. (5) The plurality of prepregs constituting the laminated base material are laminated so that directions of reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg are pseudo-isotropic, according to any one of (1) to (4) above. Laminated substrate.
- a laminated substrate according to any one of the above. (9) In any 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm portion of the prepreg, any one of (1) to (8) above, wherein the total length of the cuts Lr per 25 cm 2 is 0.5 m or more and 5 m or less.
- the laminated substrate according to Item. (10) The laminated base material according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein a thickness of a prepreg constituting the laminated base material is 50 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- a method for producing a laminated base material by laminating a plurality of prepregs, and after laminating a plurality of prepregs, a matrix resin that constitutes the prepreg with 50% or more of the outer peripheral cross-section portion of the laminated base material A method for producing a laminated substrate, which is covered with a sheet-like material that retains its shape at a melting point of + 10 ° C.
- the sheet-like material is an adhesive tape, and the adhesive tape is pasted along the outer periphery of the laminated base material so as to cover the lowermost base material outer peripheral portion, the outer peripheral cross section of the laminated base material, and the uppermost layer base material outer peripheral portion.
- the following (16) to (27) are also embodiments of the present invention.
- (16) The laminated substrate according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the cut is made using a laser marker.
- (18) The laminated base material according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the cut is made using a punching die.
- the length of at least one side of the prepreg is 1 m or more, and the area of the prepreg is 1 m 2 or more.
- the prepreg has notches penetrating from the front surface to the back surface, each notch is provided so as to intersect each reinforcing fiber only once, and a line segment connecting the start point and the end point of the notch
- Ls Ls
- Lr of the notch satisfies the following formula 1; Ls ⁇ Lr ⁇ Ls ⁇ 1.5
- a prepreg in which an angle at which the line segment and the fiber direction of the reinforcing fiber intersect is 30 ° or more and 90 ° or less, and a total length of cuts Lr per 1 m 2 of the prepreg is 20 m or more and 200 m or less.
- the laminated prepregs Before or after covering all 50% or more of the outer peripheral cross section of the laminated base material with a sheet-like material that retains its shape at the melting point of the matrix resin constituting the prepreg + 10 ° C., the laminated prepregs vibrate.
- the angle between the notch and the reinforcing fiber is not less than 30 ° and not more than 60 °, and the total length of the notches per 1 m 2 of the prepreg is not less than 20 m and not more than 150 m
- (3A) The laminated base material according to any one of (1A) and (2A), including a prepreg in which the length of the reinforcing fiber cut by cutting is 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
- (4A) The laminated substrate according to any one of (1A) to (3A), wherein the thickness of the prepreg constituting the laminated substrate is 50 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- a laminated base material obtained by laminating a plurality of prepregs including reinforcing fibers oriented in one direction and a thermoplastic resin, wherein the prepreg has a depth of cut for cutting the reinforcing fibers in a direction crossing the reinforcing fibers.
- the angle between the notch and the reinforcing fiber is not less than 30 ° and not more than 60 °, and the total length of the notches per 1 m 2 of the prepreg is not less than 20 m and not more than 150 m
- a plurality of prepregs constituting the laminated base material include a prepreg (A) in which the direction of reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg is 0 °, a prepreg (D) in which the direction is 45 °, and a prepreg (B) in which the direction is 90 °.
- a plurality of prepregs constituting the laminated base material include a prepreg in which the direction of reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg is 0 ° (A), a prepreg (D) in which the direction is 45 °, and a prepreg (B) in which the direction is 90 °.
- the prepreg (d, e) of 45 °, the prepreg (b, c) of 90 °, and the prepreg ( ⁇ 45 °) of the prepreg (F) of ⁇ 45 ° are combined.
- the laminated substrate according to any one of (1B) to (3B), wherein f and g) are alternately laminated.
- the present invention it is excellent in formability to a complicated shape and can be molded in a short time, and has excellent mechanical properties such as bending strength and bending elastic modulus applicable to a structural material, and a laminate having low variability thereof.
- a base material and a manufacturing method thereof can be obtained.
- a laminated base material according to an embodiment of the present invention is a laminated base material in which a plurality of sheet-like prepregs including reinforcing fibers oriented in one direction and a thermoplastic matrix resin are laminated, and the prepreg is from the surface.
- each notch When having a notch penetrating through the back surface, each notch is provided so as to intersect each reinforcing fiber only once, and the length of the line segment connecting the start point and the end point of the notch is Ls,
- the length Lr of the notch satisfies the following formula 1, Ls ⁇ Lr ⁇ Ls ⁇ 1.5 (Formula 1) Including a prepreg in which an angle at which the line segment and the fiber direction of the reinforcing fiber intersect each other is 30 ° or more and 90 ° or less, and a total length of cuts Lr per 1 m 2 of the prepreg is 20 m or more and 200 m or less. It is a laminated substrate.
- the prepreg used in the present embodiment is a sheet-like prepreg that includes reinforcing fibers oriented in one direction and a thermoplastic matrix resin, and has a notch penetrating from the front surface to the back surface in a direction intersecting the reinforcing fibers.
- the reinforcing fibers oriented in one direction and the thermoplastic matrix resin will be described later. “Having a cut in the direction intersecting the reinforcing fiber” means that the direction of the linear notch described later is not parallel to the reinforcing fiber, and the reinforcing fiber contained in the prepreg is cut at the portion intersecting with the cut. It has been done.
- the longer the length of the reinforcing fiber contained in the laminated substrate the better the mechanical properties, but the fluidity during stamping molding tends to decrease.
- the reinforcing fiber is short, that is, the reinforcing fiber is cut to a certain length, thereby forming a complicated three-dimensional shape such as a rib or a boss. Can also be obtained.
- flat plate-like laminated base materials that are laminated so as to be oriented in an arbitrary direction cause variations in mechanical properties, making it difficult to design parts.
- by laminating a plurality of prepregs having cuts it is possible to obtain a laminated base material having good mechanical properties, small variations, and excellent fluidity during stamping molding.
- the notch penetrates from the front surface to the back surface of the prepreg.
- the front surface to the back surface of the prepreg refers to a plurality of prepregs constituting the laminated base material, each having a pair of surfaces having the largest area as the front surface and the back surface. Since the cutting cuts many reinforcing fibers in the prepreg, the fluidity at the time of forming the laminated base material can be made excellent.
- the fluidity at the time of stamping molding is the angle at which the line segment (straight line) connecting the start point and the end point of the incision intersects the fiber direction of the reinforcing fiber (also referred to simply as the angle between the reinforcing fiber, hereinafter referred to as “ ⁇ ”). )) And the total length Lr of cuts per 1 m 2 of the prepreg (hereinafter referred to as “la”).
- the starting point and the ending point of the incision take the direction in which the length value is the largest in various shapes of the incision to be described later, with one end as the starting point and the other end as the ending point.
- the cut is linear, it indicates one end and the other end of the line.
- ⁇ indicates an acute angle side among angles formed when lines intersect.
- ⁇ is preferably 25 ° or more, and la is preferably 10 m or more. Furthermore, in the case of stamping molding having a complicated shape such as a rib, ⁇ is preferably 30 ° or more, and la is preferably 20 m or more. In any 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm portion of the prepreg, the total sum (la) of the incision length Lr per 25 cm 2 is preferably 0.5 m or more and 5 m or less.
- the mechanical properties represented by the bending strength and bending elastic modulus of the prepreg are not only the angle ⁇ between the line segment connecting the start point and the end point of the cut that intersects (cuts) the fiber and the reinforcing fiber 1 m 2 Depends on the total length la of the per cuts. It is known that mechanical properties are higher as ⁇ is smaller (Patent Document 5), and higher mechanical properties are obtained as la is smaller.
- the ⁇ of the prepreg is preferably 70 ° or less, and la is preferably 200 m or less.
- (theta) is 60 degrees or less, and it is preferable that la is 200 m or less.
- the time and manufacturing cost for producing the prepreg with the cut greatly depend not only on the angle ⁇ between the cut intersecting the reinforcing fiber and the reinforcing fiber but also on the total length la of the cut per 1 m 2. .
- ⁇ is small and la is large, and when cutting with a cutting plotter, the time required for the cutting process becomes long.
- ⁇ is preferably 15 ° or more, and la is preferably 200 m or less.
- ⁇ is preferably 30 ° or more, and la is more preferably 200 m or less.
- ⁇ and la are ⁇ of 30 ° or more and 90 ° or less, and la is 20 m or more and 200 m or less in consideration of the use of the laminated base material, required mechanical properties, workability, and the like. It may be.
- the prepreg that can be used for the laminated base material of the present embodiment requires that the reinforcing fibers included in the prepreg are cut by cutting.
- the length of the cut reinforcing fiber (hereinafter referred to as “L”) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 mm or more and 100 mm or less from the viewpoint of mechanical properties and fluidity. In particular, 5 mm to 50 mm is more preferable, and 10 mm to 50 mm is particularly preferable in order to achieve both sufficient mechanical properties and flow to a thin portion such as a rib during stamping molding.
- the shape of the said notch is linear, especially linear form or curved form.
- a straight line (shape) or a curve (shape), that is, a linear shape means that, for example, the cut width on the prepreg surface is less than 1.0 mm with respect to the cut length.
- the cross-sectional shape of the front-back cross section of the linear cut may be any shape such as a rectangle or a wedge shape.
- Each notch is provided so as to intersect with each carbon fiber only once, and when the length Lr of the line connecting the starting point and the ending point of the notch satisfies the following formula 1.
- a curve as shown in FIG. 2 can be used.
- the cut is linear.
- the length of the cut indicates the total length of the curve (the total length of the path following the line along the center).
- Ls ⁇ Lr ⁇ Ls ⁇ 1.5 (Formula 1)
- one cut may be in a state of intersecting with a plurality of carbon fibers. Specifically, if the cut is linear or curved with little curvature, these states can be suitably realized.
- the prepreg that can be used for the laminated base material of the present embodiment may be laminated with prepregs having different incision lengths and incision numbers as long as the values of ⁇ and la are within a predetermined range.
- ⁇ is small and la is small in a portion where the flow is two-dimensional and the flow length is small and high mechanical properties are required.
- a prepreg that can be used for the laminated base material of the present embodiment is preferably a fiber volume content Vf of 55% or less because sufficient fluidity can be obtained.
- Vf the fiber volume content
- the Vf value is, for example, the density ⁇ c of the prepreg obtained by the underwater substitution method, the density ⁇ f of the fiber obtained by the same method, the mass W of the prepreg, the weight after burning the prepreg and burning out the resin. From W1, what is obtained using the following equation is used.
- Wf (W ⁇ W1) ⁇ 100 / W (2)
- Vf Wf ⁇ ⁇ c / ⁇ f (3)
- the thickness of the prepreg since the prepreg that can be used for the laminated base material of the present embodiment has a notch, the strength tends to decrease as the thickness of the prepreg to be divided increases, and it should be applied to a structural material. Assuming that, the thickness of the prepreg is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less. On the other hand, if the thickness is less than 50 ⁇ m, it is difficult to handle the prepreg, and the number of prepregs to be laminated becomes extremely large in order to obtain a laminated base material. Therefore, it is preferable that it is 50 micrometers or more and 200 micrometers or less from a viewpoint of productivity.
- the length and width of the rectangle are arbitrarily determined so as to be suitable for the manufacturing method of the laminated base material.
- the length and width of the prepreg may be cut to be about 200 to 2000 mm.
- the length of at least one side of the prepreg, specifically, the length or width of the rectangle in the flat cross-sectional shape is preferably 1 m or more.
- the area of the prepreg, specifically, the area of the rectangle in the flat cross-sectional shape is preferably 1 m 2 or more.
- the kind of the reinforcing fiber is not particularly limited, and inorganic fiber, organic fiber, metal fiber, or a hybrid fiber having a combination of these can be used.
- the inorganic fiber include carbon fiber, graphite fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, tungsten carbide fiber, boron fiber, and glass fiber.
- organic fibers include aramid fibers, high density polyethylene fibers, other general nylon fibers, and polyesters.
- the metal fibers include fibers such as stainless steel and iron, and may be carbon fibers coated with metal. Among these, carbon fibers are preferable in consideration of mechanical properties such as strength of the final molded product.
- the average fiber diameter of the reinforcing fibers is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the prepreg of the present embodiment is formed by aligning the above-mentioned reinforcing fibers in one direction. Being oriented in one direction (or arranged in one direction) means that the long direction of the fibers is substantially parallel. More specifically, the phrase “almost parallel” means that 90-100% of the fibers contained in the prepreg are within the range of ⁇ 5 ° to + 5 °, preferably the fiber That is, the long direction of 95 to 100% is within the range of ⁇ 2 ° to + 2 °.
- the fibers are oriented in one direction by applying tension to the fiber bundle in which the fibers are brought together (in this state, the fibers are oriented in one direction). (Also referred to as being aligned).
- the average single fiber fineness of the reinforcing fibers is usually 0.1 dtex or more and 5.0 dtex or less. If the average single fiber fineness is too low, it will be difficult to open the reinforcing fibers, making it impossible to produce a prepreg, and if it is too high, the mechanical properties will be reduced.
- the average single fiber fineness is a value defined as the mass of a fiber per 10,000 m, and the mass of a certain length of fiber bundle is divided by the number of fibers and converted to a length of 10,000 m. It is measured.
- a carbon fiber having an average single fiber fineness of 0.5 dtex or more and 2.4 dtex or less is particularly preferable.
- thermoplastic resin is used for the laminated base material of this embodiment. That is, in the case of a fiber reinforced plastic using discontinuous reinforcing fibers, in order to break so as to connect the ends of the reinforcing fibers, generally a thermoplastic resin having a higher toughness value than a thermosetting resin is used. , Strength, especially impact resistance (impact resistance) is improved. Furthermore, since the thermoplastic resin is cooled and solidified without a chemical reaction to determine the shape, it can be molded in a short time and has excellent productivity.
- thermoplastic resins examples include polyamides (such as nylon 6 or nylon 66), polyolefins (such as polyethylene or polypropylene), modified polyolefins, polyesters (such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate), acrylics (such as polymethyl methacrylate), Polycarbonate, polyamideimide, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polystyrene, ABS, polyphenylene sulfide, liquid crystal polyester, or a copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene can be used. Moreover, you may use these mixtures.
- polyamides such as nylon 6 or nylon 66
- polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate
- acrylics such as polymethyl methacrylate
- Polycarbonate polyamideimide
- thermoplastic resin used in the present embodiment, polyamide, polyolefin, modified polyolefin, acrylic, or polycarbonate is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of familiarity with reinforcing fibers and high mechanical properties and high fluidity.
- flame retardants, weather resistance improvers, other antioxidants, heat stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, plasticizers, lubricants, colorants, compatibilizers or conductive fillers, etc. Can also be added.
- a thermoplastic matrix resin having this thermoplastic resin as a constituent material is used.
- the laminated base material in the present embodiment is a laminated base material in which a plurality of the above-described prepregs are laminated. Specifically, a laminated base material in which two or more prepregs are laminated, and a laminated base material in which four or more prepregs are laminated from the viewpoint of high fluidity is preferable, and a laminated base material in which eight or more prepregs are laminated is particularly preferable. It is. From the viewpoint of production cost, it is usually a laminate in which 192 or less prepregs are laminated, and preferably a laminate in which 96 or less prepregs are laminated.
- the laminated base material of the present embodiment it is preferable that a plurality of prepregs are laminated so that the directions of the reinforcing fibers are pseudo-isotropic from the viewpoint of reducing the flow anisotropy during pressing.
- the pseudo-isotropic means that the fibers of each layer are laminated at the same angle indicated by 360 ° / n (n is an integer of 3 or more as a guide).
- the strength anisotropy of the laminated base material is reduced by alternately laminating prepregs in which the direction of reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg is 0 ° and prepregs of 90 °.
- the direction of the reinforcing fiber indicates the direction relative to 0 ° when the direction of the reinforcing fiber included in any one of the prepregs is 0 °.
- a layer made of a thermoplastic resin is further laminated between a plurality of prepregs constituting the laminated base material in terms of further improving the fluidity at the time of pressing.
- a layer made of a thermoplastic resin is the same resin composition as the resin composition contained in the prepreg, or polyamide (nylon 6 or nylon 66 etc.), polyolefin (polyethylene or polypropylene etc.), modified Polyolefin, polyester (polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate, etc.), acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate, etc.), polycarbonate, polyamideimide, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polystyrene, ABS, polyphenylene Sulfide, liquid crystal polyester, or a copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene can be preferably used.
- the laminated base material of this embodiment is preferable because sufficient fluidity can be obtained.
- the lower the value of Vf the better the fluidity.
- the value of Vf is less than 20%, the mechanical properties necessary for the structural material cannot be obtained.
- the Vf is preferably 20% or more and 55% or less in view of the relationship between the fluidity and the mechanical properties. Such a Vf value can be measured based on the method described above.
- the thickness of the laminated base material of the present embodiment is usually 10 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of cutting workability, although it depends on the specifications required for the laminated base material.
- the thickness of the laminated substrate a value obtained by measuring a plurality of arbitrary portions of the laminated substrate with a micrometer is used.
- the laminated base material in the present embodiment is preferably bonded to prepregs constituting the laminated base material from the viewpoint of handling the laminated base material.
- a layer other than the prepreg such as a layer made of a thermoplastic resin is further laminated between the plurality of prepregs constituting the laminated base material, it is preferable that the layer and the prepreg are bonded.
- the prepregs may be bonded to each other by any method, but may be bonded by an adhesive or by thermal welding or vibration welding as described later.
- the laminated base material of the present embodiment has a shape at the melting point + 10 ° C. of the matrix resin constituting the prepreg of 50% or more of the outer peripheral cross section of the laminated base material, more preferably 60% or more. It is preferable that it is covered with the sheet-like material to hold
- the outer peripheral cross-section portion specifically refers to a surface other than the front and back surfaces of the laminated base material, that is, the outer peripheral surface that does not include the front and back surfaces of the laminated base material.
- the sheet is covered with the sheet so as to cover the lowermost base material outer peripheral portion, the outer peripheral cross section of the laminated base material, and the uppermost base material outer peripheral portion along the outer periphery of the laminated base material.
- the lowermost base material outer peripheral part is the range in the vicinity of the peripheral part of the base material constituting the lowermost layer of the laminated base material
- the outer peripheral cross section of the laminated base material is the outer peripheral part not including the front and back surfaces of the laminated base material
- the surface and the uppermost base material outer peripheral portion refer to a range in the vicinity of the peripheral portion of the base material constituting the uppermost layer of the laminated base material.
- “Holding the shape at the melting point of the matrix resin constituting the prepreg + 10 ° C.” means that the sheet-like material has a ratio of Young's modulus at 23 ° C. to the temperature (melting point of the matrix resin + 10 ° C.) of 0.8 or more. It means that there is.
- the sheet shape refers to a shape whose area is particularly large with respect to the thickness (as a guide, the width and length are at least 1/100 or more of the area). Examples of the sheet-like material include paper, cloth, plastic film, or metal foil.
- the sheet-like product preferably uses an adhesive tape from the viewpoint of ease of use.
- the prepreg that can be used for the laminated base material of the present embodiment is prepared, for example, by preparing two sheets of thermoplastic resin in the form of a film, sandwiching a reinforcing fiber sheet in which reinforcing fibers are arranged in a sheet shape, and heating And by applying pressure.
- a reinforcing fiber sheet manufactured by the following method is used. For example, when aligning the carbon fibers in one direction, it is performed by a technique such as arranging the fibers and applying a tension.
- thermoplastic resin films When this reinforced fiber sheet is sandwiched between thermoplastic resin films to form a prepreg, more specifically, two films are sent out from two rolls that send out a film made of two thermoplastic resins, A reinforcing fiber sheet supplied from a roll of reinforcing fiber sheets is sandwiched between two films, and then heated and pressurized.
- a known means can be used, which requires a multi-step process such as using two or more heat rolls or using a plurality of pairs of preheating devices and heat rolls. It may be.
- the thermoplastic resin constituting the film does not need to be one type, and a film made of another type of thermoplastic resin may be further laminated using the apparatus as described above.
- the heating temperature is usually 100 to 400 ° C., although it depends on the type of thermoplastic resin.
- the pressure during pressurization is usually preferably 0.1 to 10 MPa. If it is this range, since it can be made to impregnate a thermoplastic resin between the reinforced fiber contained in a prepreg, it is preferable.
- the prepreg which can be used for the laminated base material of this embodiment can also use the prepreg marketed.
- the incision of the prepreg that can be used for the laminated base material of the present embodiment can be obtained by making an incision using a laser marker, a cutting plotter, a cutting die or the like. That is, a laser marker is used to obtain a notch by piercing the thermoplastic resin of the prepreg with heat, a cut is made by cutting the surface of the prepreg with a cutting plotter, or a fixed shape is cut from the prepreg by die cutting. To get a notch, etc.
- the incision is made using a laser marker because it has the effect of processing a complex incision such as a curve or a zigzag line at a high speed, and the incision uses a cutting plotter. Since it has the effect that a large prepreg layer of 2 m or more can be processed, it is preferable.
- the cut is made by using a punching die because there is an effect that processing can be performed at high speed.
- the prepreg obtained as described above is laminated so that the direction of the reinforcing fibers is pseudo-isotropic or alternately laminated to create a laminated base material.
- a laminated base material can be formed by spot welding with an ultrasonic welder (manufactured by Emerson Japan, product name: 2000LPt).
- the prepreg is preferably laminated so as to be 8 to 96 layers.
- the laminated substrate obtained as described above is heated and pressurized (hot stamping) to form an integrated laminated substrate.
- This step can be performed by using various apparatuses usually used for heating and pressurization, for example, a hot press machine, and a mold having a desired shape can be used for the mold used at that time.
- a hot press machine a mold having a desired shape can be used for the mold used at that time.
- the material of the mold those usually used in hot stamping molding can be adopted, and a so-called metal mold can be used.
- this step can be performed, for example, by placing the laminated substrate in a mold and heating and pressing.
- the heating is preferably performed at 100 to 400 ° C., more preferably 150 to 350 ° C., depending on the type of thermoplastic resin contained in the laminated base material. Prior to the heating, preliminary heating may be performed. Regarding the preheating, it is usually preferable to heat at 150 to 400 ° C., preferably 200 to 380 ° C.
- the pressure applied to the laminated substrate in the pressurization is preferably 0.1 to 10 MPa, more preferably 0.2 to 2 MPa.
- the pressure is a value obtained by dividing the pressing force by the area of the laminated base material.
- the heating and pressurizing time is preferably 0.1 to 30 minutes, more preferably 0.5 to 10 minutes.
- the cooling time provided after heating and pressurization is preferably 0.5 to 30 minutes.
- the thickness of the integrated laminated base material according to the present embodiment that has undergone the hot stamping molding is preferably 0.5 to 10 mm.
- the heating and pressurization may be performed under conditions where a lubricant is present between the mold and the laminated base material. Due to the action of the lubricant, the fluidity of the reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg constituting the laminated base material during the heating and pressurization is increased, so that the impregnation of the thermoplastic resin between the reinforcing fibers is increased and the resulting lamination is obtained. This is because voids between the reinforcing fibers and between the reinforcing fibers and the thermoplastic resin can be reduced in the substrate.
- a silicone-based lubricant or a fluorine-based lubricant can be used. Further, a mixture of these may be used as the lubricant.
- a heat-resistant one that can be used in a high temperature environment is preferably used. More specifically, silicone oils such as methylphenyl silicone oil and dimethyl silicone oil can be exemplified, and commercially available ones can be preferably used.
- a heat-resistant one that can be used in a high temperature environment is preferably used.
- fluorine oil such as perfluoropolyether oil or a low polymer of ethylene trifluoride chloride (mass average molecular weight 500 to 1300) can be used.
- the lubricant is applied on one or both surfaces of the laminated base material, on one or both surfaces of the mold, or on one or both surfaces of the laminated base material and the mold. It may be supplied by appropriate means, or may be previously applied on the surface of the mold. Among these, a mode in which the lubricant is supplied to the surfaces on both sides of the laminated base material is preferable.
- the prepreg that can be used for the laminated base material of the present embodiment can be made into a laminated base material by laminating prepregs forming adjacent layers while spot welding with an ultrasonic welding machine, facilitating handling. This is preferable.
- Another embodiment of the method for producing a laminated base material according to this embodiment is a method for producing a laminated base material by laminating a plurality of prepregs, and after laminating a plurality of prepregs, an outer peripheral cross-sectional portion of the laminated base material
- a method for producing a laminated base material is characterized in that 50% or more of the above is covered with a sheet-like material that retains its shape at the melting point of the matrix resin constituting the prepreg + 10 ° C.
- the sheet-like material whose shape is maintained at the melting point of the matrix resin constituting the prepreg + 10 ° C. is as described above. Further, as described above, covering 50% or more of the outer peripheral cross-sectional portion of the laminated base material with a sheet-like material that maintains its shape at the melting point of the matrix resin constituting the prepreg + 10 ° C.
- the sheet-like material is an adhesive tape
- the outermost part of the lowermost base material along the outer periphery of the laminated base material, the outer periphery of the laminated base material More preferably, the production method of the laminated substrate is characterized in that an adhesive tape is applied so as to cover the cross-section and the outermost peripheral portion of the uppermost layer substrate.
- the obtained laminated base material has excellent mechanical properties such as bending strength and tensile elastic modulus applicable to a structural material, but has low variations in mechanical properties and is more complicated.
- the prepreg has the above-mentioned notches penetrating from the front surface to the back surface, and each incision is made only once with each reinforcing fiber.
- the angle at which the straight line connecting the starting point and the ending point of the cut intersects the reinforcing fiber is preferably 30 ° or more and 90 ° or less.
- the prepreg is preferably a prepreg having a notch length of 5 to 100 mm and a total length of notches per 1 m 2 of the prepreg being 20 m or more and 200 m or less.
- Examples of the method for cutting the prepreg include a method using a laser marker, a method using a cutting plotter, a method using a punching die, and the like. This operation may be performed on the prepreg sheet before the prepreg sheet is laminated.
- the laminated prepregs are bonded together by heat welding, that is, by applying heat to the prepreg and dissolving a part of the resin or the like contained in the prepreg.
- heat welding that is, by applying heat to the prepreg and dissolving a part of the resin or the like contained in the prepreg.
- vibration welding i.e., applying vibration to the prepreg and dissolving a part of the resin contained in the prepreg, using a hot press between the laminated prepregs, i.e.
- This operation may be performed before and after the operation of covering all 50% or more of the outer peripheral cross-section portion of the laminated base material with a sheet-like material that maintains its shape at the melting point of the matrix resin constituting the prepreg + 10 ° C.
- the laminated base material of this embodiment Since the laminated base material of this embodiment has good fluidity during molding, it can be molded into various complicated shapes. Such fluidity is evaluated, for example, by the fact that the thickness after heating and pressurization is smaller than the thickness before heating and pressurization when the laminated substrate is heated and pressed. Can do. Specifically, for example, a laminated base material having a thickness of 2 mm integrated by heating and pressurization is cut into 78 mm squares, then stacked in two pieces, held in a heater preheated to 230 ° C.
- the fluidity of the laminated base material of this embodiment is usually 2.0 or more, preferably 2.5 or more.
- the laminated base material integrated by heating and pressurizing according to the present embodiment is excellent in breaking strength (bending strength). Such bending strength can be measured based on JIS K7074.
- the bending strength of the laminated base material of this embodiment is usually 250 MPa or more, preferably 300 MPa or more.
- the laminated base material integrated by heating and pressurizing according to this embodiment is excellent in tensile strength.
- Such tensile strength can be measured based on JIS K7164.
- the bending strength of the laminated base material of this embodiment is usually 150 MPa or more, preferably 200 MPa or more.
- a test piece having a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm is placed on a support with a distance between gauge points of 80 mm and R2 mm, and a crosshead speed of 5 mm is used using an R5 mm indenter.
- a three-point bending test was conducted at / min.
- a 25 mm wide and 250 mm long test piece was fixed with a chuck at 25 mm from both ends based on JIS K7164, and a tensile test was performed at a crosshead speed of 2 mm / min.
- Carbon fiber (Made by Mitsubishi Rayon, product name: Pyrofil (registered trademark) TR-50S15L) is a reinforcing fiber having a basis weight of 72.0 g / m 2 by aligning the reinforcing fibers in a plane so that the direction of the reinforcing fibers is one direction. A sheet was used. Both sides of this reinforcing fiber sheet are sandwiched between films made of acid-modified polypropylene resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., product name: Modic (registered trademark) P958, basis weight: 36.4 g / m 2 ), and are passed through a calender roll to thermoplastic resin. Was impregnated into a reinforcing fiber sheet to obtain a prepreg having a fiber volume content (Vf) of 33% and a thickness of 0.12 mm.
- Vf fiber volume content
- la 80.0 m.
- the time for cutting one sheet was measured and defined as the cutting time.
- the 16 cuts obtained in this way were layered on pseudo isotropic ([0/45/90 / -45] s2) and spot welded with an ultrasonic welder (product name: 2000LPt, manufactured by Emerson Japan).
- a laminated base material was prepared.
- the laminated base material thus obtained was placed in a 300 mm square and 1.5 mm deep stamping mold, heated and heated at a high temperature using a compression molding machine (product name: SFA-50HH0, manufactured by Shinto Metal Industry). Hold for 7 minutes under the condition of 220 ° C.
- the resulting laminated substrate had no reinforcing fiber undulations, the reinforcing fibers were flowing evenly to the ends, no warpage, and good appearance and smoothness were maintained.
- a tensile test piece having a length of 250 mm and a width of 25 mm was cut out from the obtained laminated base material.
- a tensile test was performed at a crosshead speed of 2.0 mm / min using a universal testing machine (product name: Model 4465 manufactured by Instron).
- Example 1 Two plates 78 mm long and 78 mm wide were cut out from the obtained laminated base material. Two sheets of the plate were stacked and heated at 230 ° C. for 10 minutes using a mini test press (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd., product name: MP-2FH) and then pressed at 145 ° C. and 10 MPa for 60 seconds. The thickness before and after press molding was measured, and the initial thickness was divided by the final thickness to evaluate fluidity. The evaluation results of Example 1 were good in bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity, and processing time.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- the evaluation results showed that bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength and processing time were good, but fluidity was insufficient.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- the evaluation results were good in bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength and processing time, but the fluidity was insufficient.
- L 25.0 mm constant
- ⁇ 45 ° straight line
- bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength, fluidity and processing time were all good.
- Carbon fiber (Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., product name: Pyrofil (registered trademark) TR-50S15L) is flattened in one direction to form a reinforcing fiber sheet having a basis weight of 78.0 g / m 2.
- a film made of acid-modified polypropylene resin product name: Modic (registered trademark) P958 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- the fiber sheet is impregnated with a thermoplastic resin through a calender roll.
- a prepreg having a fiber volume content (Vf) of 35% and a thickness of 0.12 mm was obtained.
- Carbon fiber (Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., product name: Pyrofil (registered trademark) TR-50S15L) is aligned in one direction to form a reinforcing fiber sheet with a basis weight of 93.0 g / m 2.
- the fiber sheet is impregnated with a thermoplastic resin through a calender roll.
- a prepreg having a fiber volume content (Vf) of 56% and a thickness of 0.09 mm was obtained.
- the evaluation results were good in bending strength, bending elastic modulus, tensile strength and processing time, but the fluidity was insufficient.
- Carbon fiber (product name: Pyrofil (registered trademark) TR-50S15L manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) is aligned in one direction to form a reinforcing fiber sheet with a basis weight of 72.0 g / m 2, and both sides of the reinforcing fiber sheet Is impregnated with a film made of polyamide resin (product name: 1013B, product weight: 1013B) with a basis weight of 45.6 g / m 2 , a calender roll is used to impregnate a thermoplastic sheet into a fiber sheet, and a fiber volume content (Vf A prepreg having a thickness of 33% and a thickness of 0.12 mm was obtained.
- a fiber volume content Vf A prepreg having a thickness of 33% and a thickness of 0.12 mm was obtained.
- the fluidity was evaluated by heating the plate-like material described in Example 1 at 270 ° C. for 10 minutes using a mini test press (manufactured by Toyo Seiki, product name: MP-2FH), and then at 60 ° C. under conditions of 180 ° C.
- Example 21 A copolymer containing polyacrylonitrile as a main component and containing 2 mol% of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate is dissolved in dimethylacetamide to form a spinning stock solution, and an average single fiber fineness is obtained from the spinning stock solution by using a wet spinning method.
- Carbonization was performed in a high-temperature heat treatment furnace for 2 seconds to obtain carbon fibers.
- the obtained carbon fiber was subjected to surface oxidation treatment in an electrolytic solution, and then sized using an epoxy resin as a sizing agent so that the amount of adhesion was 0.4% by mass to obtain a PAN-based carbon fiber (average single fiber fineness). : 1.4 dtex, roundness: 0.82, filament number: 24000, strand strength: 4275 MPa, strand elastic modulus: 230 GPa, sizing agent type: epoxy resin, sizing agent adhesion amount: 0.4 mass%) It was.
- the PAN-based carbon fibers were arranged in a plane so that the direction of the reinforcing fibers was one direction, and a reinforcing fiber sheet having a basis weight of 72.0 g / m 2 was obtained.
- the both sides of this reinforcing fiber sheet are sandwiched between films made of acid-modified polypropylene resin (acid-modified polypropylene resin: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, product name: Modic (registered trademark) P958, basis weight: 36.4 g / m 2 ), and calender roll
- a reinforced fiber sheet was impregnated with a thermoplastic resin to obtain a prepreg having a fiber volume content (Vf) of 33% and a thickness of 0.12 mm.
- the cut prepreg thus obtained was layered on 16 layers of pseudo-isotropic ([0/45/90 / -45] s2) and spotted with an ultrasonic welder (product name: 2000LPt, manufactured by Emerson Japan).
- a laminated base material was prepared by welding.
- the laminated base material thus obtained was coated with an industrial adhesive tape around the outermost layer base material including the outer frame cut surface of the prepreg laminate (the first lower layer base material and the uppermost base material layer 16).
- a laminated base material was manufactured by Sony Chemical Co., Ltd., product name: T4082S, width 25 mm).
- the obtained laminated substrate had good handleability.
- the laminated base material thus obtained was placed in a stamping die having a size of 940 ⁇ 1240 mm square and a depth of 5 mm, and was held with a heating press at 190 ° C. and 0.3 MPa for 10 minutes, and then the die was cooled.
- the molded plate having a thickness of about 2 mm was obtained by moving to a press and holding at 80 ° C. and 1.1 MPa for 1 minute.
- the resulting molded plate had no reinforcing fiber undulations, the reinforcing fibers were flowing evenly to the end, no warp, no burr, and good appearance and smoothness were maintained.
- the evaluation results show that the handleability is good, the obtained molded plate has no reinforcing fiber undulation, the reinforcing fiber flows evenly to its end, no warp, no burr, good appearance and smoothness I kept the sex.
- the obtained molded plate was good in both bending strength and bending elastic modulus.
- Example 8 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed, and a laminated base material was prepared in which the periphery of the prepreg laminate was fixed by surrounding and sticking with an adhesive tape. As a result of evaluation, the handleability was poor, and the obtained molded plate had undulations of reinforcing fibers, the reinforcing fibers flowed unevenly, warped, and had burrs. The resulting molded plate had a poor flexural modulus.
- the present invention has excellent mechanical properties such as bending strength and bending elastic modulus that are excellent in formability into complex shapes, can be molded in a short time, and can be applied to structural materials.
- a laminated base material with small variations in physical properties and a method for producing the same can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年3月11日に日本に出願された特願2013-048018号および2013年3月11日に日本に出願された特願2013-048019号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(1) 一方向に配向した強化繊維と熱可塑性マトリクス樹脂とを含むシート状のプリプレグを複数枚積層した積層基材であって、前記プリプレグは、表面から裏面に貫通した切込を有し、各切込は各強化繊維と1回のみ交差するように設けられ、かつ前記切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ線分の長さをLsとした場合、前記線分の長さLsと切込の長さLrとが下記式1の関係を満たし、
Ls≦Lr≦Ls×1.5 ・・・(式1)
前記線分と前記強化繊維の繊維方向との交差する角度が30°以上、90°以下であり、前記プリプレグ1m2あたりの切込の長さLrの総和が20m以上、200m以下であるプリプレグを含む積層基材。
(2) 前記切込によって切断された強化繊維の長さが、5mm以上100mm以下であるプリプレグを含む上記(1)に記載の積層基材。
(3) 前記強化繊維の平均単繊維繊度が0.5dtex以上、2.4dtex以下である炭素繊維である上記(1)または(2)に記載の積層基材。
(4) 前記積層基材が、熱可塑性樹脂からなる層をさらに含む上記(1)から(3)のいずれかの一項に記載の積層基材。
(5) 前記積層基材を構成する複数のプリプレグが、プリプレグに含まれる強化繊維の方向が疑似等方となるように積層された上記(1)から(4)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(6) 前記積層基材を構成する複数のプリプレグが、前記プリプレグのうち任意の一つに含まれる強化繊維の方向を0°としたとき、前記プリプレグのそれぞれに含まれる強化繊維の方向が0°であるプリプレグと90°であるプリプレグが交互に積層されている上記(1)から(4)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(7) 切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ直線と強化繊維の交差する角度が30°以上、60°以下である上記(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(8) 前記積層基材を構成するプリプレグに含まれる強化繊維の体積含有率がプリプレグの全体体積に対して20体積%以上、55体積%以下である、上記(1)から(7)のいずれかに記載の積層基材。
(9) 前記プリプレグのいずれの5cm×5cmの部分においても、当該25cm2あたりの切込の長さLrの総和が0.5m以上5m以下である上記(1)から(8)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(10) 前記積層基材を構成するプリプレグの厚さが50μm以上、200μm以下である、上記(1)から(9)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(11) 前記積層基材を構成するプリプレグ同士が接着されている上記(1)から(10)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(12) 積層基材の外周断面部分の全ての50%以上が、プリプレグを構成するマトリクス樹脂の融点+10℃で形状を保持するシート状物で覆われている上記(1)から(11)のいずれかに記載の積層基材。
(13) シート状物が粘着テープであって、積層基材の外周に沿って最下層基材外周部、積層基材の外周断面、最上層基材外周部を覆うように粘着テープが貼られた上記(12)に記載の積層基材。
(14) プリプレグを複数枚積層して積層基材を製造する方法であって、プリプレグを複数枚積層した後、積層基材の外周断面部分の全ての50%以上を、プリプレグを構成するマトリクス樹脂の融点+10℃で形状を保持するシート状物で覆うことを特徴とする積層基材の製造方法。
(15) 前記シート状物が粘着テープであって、積層基材の外周に沿って最下層基材外周部、積層基材の外周断面、最上層基材外周部を覆うように粘着テープを貼ることを特徴とする上記(14)に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(16) 前記切込がレーザーマーカーを用いて施されたものである上記(1)から(13)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(17) 前記切込がカッティングプロッタを用いて施されたものである上記(1)から(13)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(18) 前記切込が打抜型を用いて施されたものである上記(1)から(13)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(19) 前記プリプレグの少なくとも1辺の長さが1m以上で、前記プリプレグの面積が1m2以上である上記(1)から(13)、(16)から(18)のいずれかに一項に記載の積層基材。
(20) 前記プリプレグが、表面から裏面に貫通した切込を有し、各切込は各強化繊維と1回のみ交差するように設けられ、かつ前記切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ線分の長さをLsとした場合、前記切込の長さLrが下記式1を満たし、
Ls≦Lr≦Ls×1.5 ・・・(式1)
前記線分と前記強化繊維の繊維方向との交差する角度が30°以上、90°以下であり、前記プリプレグ1m2あたりの切込の長さLrの総和が20m以上、200m以下であるプリプレグである上記(14)または(15)に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(21) 前記切込がレーザーマーカーを用いて施されたものである上記(20)に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(22) 前記切込がカッティングプロッタを用いて施されたものである上記(20)に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(23) 前記切込が打抜型を用いて施されたものである上記(20)に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(24) 積層基材の外周断面部分の全ての50%以上を、プリプレグを構成するマトリクス樹脂の融点+10℃で形状を保持するシート状物で覆う前または覆った後に、積層したプリプレグ同士を熱溶着を用いて接着することを特徴とする上記(14)、(15)、(20)から(23)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(25) 積層基材の外周断面部分の全ての50%以上を、プリプレグを構成するマトリクス樹脂の融点+10℃で形状を保持するシート状物で覆う前または覆った後に、積層したプリプレグ同士を振動溶着を用いて接着することを特徴とする上記(14)、(15)、(20)から(23)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(26) 積層基材の外周断面部分の全ての50%以上を、プリプレグを構成するマトリクス樹脂の融点+10℃で形状を保持するシート状物で覆う前または覆った後に、積層したプリプレグ同士を熱プレスを用いて接着することを特徴とする上記(14)、(15)、(20)から(23)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(27) 積層基材の外周断面部分の全ての50%以上を、プリプレグを構成するマトリクス樹脂の融点+10℃で形状を保持するシート状物で覆う前または覆った後に、積層したプリプレグ同士を熱ロールプレスを用いて接着することを特徴とする上記(14)、(15)、(20)~(23)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
(1A)一方向に配向した強化繊維と熱可塑性樹脂とを含むプリプレグを複数枚積層した積層基材であって、前記プリプレグは、強化繊維を横切る方向に強化繊維を切断する深さの切込を有し、前記切込が直線状であって、切込と強化繊維のなす角度が30°以上、60°以下であり、前記プリプレグ1m2あたりの切込長の総和が20m以上、150m以下であるプリプレグを含む積層基材。
(2A)一方向に配向した強化繊維と熱可塑性樹脂とを含むプリプレグを複数枚積層した積層基材であって、前記プリプレグは、強化繊維を横切る方向に強化繊維を切断する深さの切込を有し、前記切込が直線状の中心線に沿った曲線であって、かつ曲線を中心線に投影した際に重なりがなく、該中心線と強化繊維のなす角度が30°以上、60°以下であり、前記プリプレグ1m2あたりの切込長の総和が20m以上、150m以下であるプリプレグを含む積層基材。
(3A)切込によって切断された強化繊維の長さが、10mm以上50mm以下であるプリプレグを含む(1A)または(2A)のいずれかに記載のある積層基材。
(4A)前記積層基材を構成するプリプレグの厚さが50μm以上、200μm以下である前記(1A)~(3A)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(1B)一方向に配向した強化繊維と熱可塑性樹脂とを含むプリプレグを複数枚積層した積層基材であって、前記プリプレグは、強化繊維を横切る方向に強化繊維を切断する深さの切込を有し、前記切込が直線状であって、切込と強化繊維のなす角度が30°以上、60°以下であり、前記プリプレグ1m2あたりの切込長の総和が20m以上、150m以下、プリプレグの少なくとも一辺の長さが1m以上、プリプレグの面積が1m2以上である積層基材。
(2B)切込によって切断された強化繊維の長さが、10mm以上50mm以下である(1B)に記載の積層基材。
(3B)前記積層基材を構成する複数のプリプレグが、プリプレグに含まれる強化繊維の方向が0°であるプリプレグ(A)と45°であるプリプレグ(D)と90°であるプリプレグ(B)と-45°であるプリプレグ(F)が交互に積層された(1B)又は(2B)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
(4B)前記積層基材を構成する複数のプリプレグが、プリプレグに含まれる強化繊維の方向が0°(A)であるプリプレグと45°であるプリプレグ(D)と90°であるプリプレグ(B)と-45°であるプリプレグ(F)のプリプレグがそれぞれ2つ以上を組み合わせてなる45°であるプリプレグ(d、e)と90°であるプリプレグ(b、c)と-45°であるプリプレグ(f、g)が交互に積層された(1B)から(3B)のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
Ls≦Lr≦Ls×1.5 ・・・(式1)
前記線分と前記強化繊維の繊維方向の交差する角度が30°以上、90°以下であり、前記プリプレグ1m2あたりの切込の長さLrの総和が20m以上、200m以下であるプリプレグを含む積層基材である。
本実施形態で用いるプリプレグは、一方向に配向した強化繊維と熱可塑性マトリクス樹脂とを含み、強化繊維と交差する方向に、表面から裏面に貫通する切込を有するシート状のプリプレグである。一方向に配向した強化繊維、及び熱可塑性マトリクス樹脂については後述する。「強化繊維と交差する方向に切込を有する」とは、後述する線状の切込の方向が強化繊維と並行でないことであり、切込と交差する部位においてプリプレグに含まれる強化繊維が切断されていることである。
一般に積層基材に含まれる強化繊維の長さは、長いほど力学特性に優れるものの、スタンピング成形時の流動性が低下する傾向にある。一方、スタンピング成形時の流動性向上のためには、強化繊維が短いこと、すなわち強化繊維がある長さに切断されていることが効果的で、これによりリブやボスといった複雑な3次元形状にも流動する積層基材を得ることができる。しかしながら、それぞれ任意の方向に配向するように積層された平板状の積層基材は力学特性にばらつきを生じるため、部品設計が困難であった。この解決策として切込を有したプリプレグを複数枚、積層することで、力学特性が良好で、その上、ばらつきが小さく、スタンピング成形時の流動性に優れる積層基材を得ることができる。
θの値が90度に近いほど強化繊維間のせん断力が小さくなるために流動性が高く、laの値が大きいほど流動性が高くなる。平板のスタンピング成形に用いるプリプレグの場合、θは25°以上であることが好ましく、laは10m以上が好ましい。さらにリブなど複雑形状のスタンピング成形の場合、θは30°以上であることが好ましく、laは20m以上であることが好ましい。
また、プリプレグのいずれの5cm×5cmの部分においても、当該25cm2あたりの切込の長さLrの総和(la)が0.5m以上5m以下であることが好ましい。
各切込は各炭素繊維と1回のみ交差するよう設けられ、かつ切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ線分の長さLsとした場合、切込の長さLrが下記式1を満たせば直線状である必要はなく、例えば図2に示したような曲線を用いることもできる。なお、Ls=Lvの時、切込は直線状である。ここで切込の長さとは切込の中心に沿った線が曲線形状である場合、その曲線の全長(前記中心に沿った線上を辿る道程の総計)を指す。
Ls≦Lr≦Ls×1.5 ・・・(式1)
切込の形状を曲線とすることで、θとLの値を保ちながら、laを大きくすることができる。この場合高い力学物性を維持しつつスタンピング成形性の向上が期待できるので好ましい。しかしながら切込加工に有する時間が長大化するために、前記したように切込は直線状であることが好ましい。
各切込が各炭素繊維と1回のみ交差するように設けられているとは、同じ一つの切込は、一つの炭素繊維に対して1回のみ交差するよう設けられている(一つの炭素繊維に一つの切込が複数回交差することはない)状態を指す。一方、一つの切込みが、複数の炭素繊維と交差している状態であってもよい。具体的には、切込が直線状又は湾曲の少ない曲線状であれば、これらの状態を好適に実現することができる。
Wf=(W-W1)×100/W・・・式(2)
Vf=Wf×ρc/ρf・・・式(3)
本実施形態における積層基材は、上述のプリプレグを複数枚積層した積層基材である。具体的にはプリプレグを2枚以上積層した積層基材であって、高い流動性の観点からプリプレグを4枚以上積層した積層基材が好ましく、特に好ましくはプリプレグを8枚以上積層した積層基材である。なお、製造コストの観点から、通常はプリプレグを192枚以下積層した積層体であり、好ましくはプリプレグを96枚以下積層した積層体である。
以下に本実施形態の積層基材に用いることができるプリプレグの製造方法の一実施形態を説明するが、本実施形態はこれによって特に制限されるものではない。
強化繊維シートは、以下のような方法により製造されたものを用いる。例えば、炭素繊維を一方向に引き揃える際には、繊維を配列させて張力をかける等の手法により行う。
この強化繊維シートを熱可塑性樹脂のフィルムに挟み込んでプリプレグとする際には、より具体的には、2枚の熱可塑性樹脂からなるフィルムを送り出す、2つのロールから二枚のフィルムを送り出すとともに、強化繊維シートのロールから供給される強化繊維シートを二枚のフィルムの間に挟み込ませた後に、加熱および加圧する。加熱および加圧する手段としては、公知のものを用いることができ、二個以上の熱ロールを利用したり、予熱装置と熱ロールの対を複数使用したりするなどの多段階の工程を要するものであってもよい。ここで、フィルムを構成する熱可塑性樹脂は一種類である必要はなく、別の種類の熱可塑性樹脂からなるフィルムを、上記のような装置を用いてさらに積層させてもよい。
次工程では、上記のようにして得られた積層基材を加熱および加圧(ホットスタンピング)して一体化した積層基材を成形する。この工程は、加熱および加圧に通常用いられる種々の装置、例えば加熱プレス機を用いて行うことができ、その際に用いる型については、所望の形状を有するものを用いることができる。型の材質についても、ホットスタンピング成形で通常用いられるものを採用することができ、金属製のいわゆる型を用いることができる。具体的に本工程は、例えば前記積層基材を型内に配置して、加熱および加圧することにより行うことができる。
Ls≦Lr≦Ls×1.5 ・・・(式1)
切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ直線と強化繊維の交差する角度が30°以上、90°以下であることが好ましい。さらに、前記プリプレグは前記切込の切込の長さが5~100mmであり、前記プリプレグ1m2あたりの切込の長さの総和が20m以上、200m以下であるプリプレグであることが好ましい。
本実施形態の積層基材は、成形時の流動性が良好であるため、種々の複雑な形状に成形することができる。かかる流動性は、例えば、積層基材を加熱および加圧した場合に、加熱および加圧後の厚みが加熱および加圧前の厚みに比して小さくなっている程度が大きいことにより評価することができる。具体的には、例えば、加熱および加圧して一体化した厚さ2mmの積層基材を78mm角に切り出した後に2枚重ね、あらかじめ230℃に加温したヒーター内で10分間保持し、その後すぐに145℃に加熱した小型プレス(東洋精機社製、製品名:ミニテストプレスMP-2FH)に移して挟み、10MPa、60秒条件でプレスした場合に、プレス前の厚みをプレス後の厚みで除した値が大きいほど流動性に優れるとする。本実施形態の積層基材の流動性は、通常2.0以上、好ましくは2.5以上である。
また、本実施形態の加熱および加圧して一体化した積層基材は、破壊強度(曲げ強度)に優れる。かかる曲げ強度は、JIS K7074に基づいて測定することができる。本実施形態の積層基材の曲げ強度は、通常250MPa以上、好ましくは300MPa以上である。
また、本実施形態の加熱および加圧して一体化した積層基材は、引張強度に優れる。かかる引張強度は、JIS K7164に基づいて測定することができる。本実施形態の積層基材の曲げ強度は、通常150MPa以上、好ましくは200MPa以上である。
本実施例においてプレスによる流動性の評価は、上述のように、加熱および加圧して一体化した厚さ2mmの積層基材を78mm角に切り出した後に2枚重ね、あらかじめ230℃に加温したヒーター内で10分間保持し、その後すぐに145℃に加熱した小型プレス(東洋精機社製、製品名:ミニテストプレスMP-2FH)に移して挟み、10MPa、60秒条件でプレスした場合に、プレス前の厚みをプレス後の厚みで除した値を評価した。
3点曲げ試験は、上述のJIS K7074に基づいて、25mm幅、100mm長さの試験片を、標点間距離80mm、R2mmの支持の上に置き、R5mmの圧子を用いて、クロスヘッド速度5mm/minで3点曲げ試験を行った。
引張強度の試験は、上述のJIS K7164に基づいて、25mm幅、250mm長さの試験片を、両端より25mmをチャックで固定し、クロスヘッド速度2mm/minで引張試験を行った。
炭素繊維(三菱レイヨン製、製品名:パイロフィル(登録商標)TR-50S15L)を、強化繊維の方向が一方向となるように平面状に引き揃えて目付が72.0g/m2である強化繊維シートとした。この強化繊維シートの両面を、酸変性ポリプロピレン樹脂製のフィルム(三菱化学社製、製品名:モディック(登録商標)P958、目付:36.4g/m2)で挟み、カレンダロールを通して、熱可塑性樹脂を強化繊維シートに含浸し、繊維体積含有率(Vf)が33%、厚さが、0.12mmのプリプレグを得た。
またシート一枚を切込加工する時間を測定して、切込加工時間と定義した。
このようにして得た積層基材を300mm角で深さ1.5mmの印籠型内に配置して加熱し圧縮成形機(神藤金属工業所製、製品名:SFA-50HH0)を用いて、高温側プレスにて220℃、油圧指示0MPaの条件で7分間保持し、次いで同一温度にて油圧指示2MPa(プレス圧0.55MPa)の条件で7分間保持後、型を冷却プレスに移動させ、30℃,油圧指示5MPa(プレス圧1.38MPa)にて3分間保持することで成形品を得た。
得られた積層基材から、長さ100mm,幅25mmの曲げ強度試験片を切り出した。JIS K7074に規定する試験方法に従い、万能試験機(インストロン社製、製品名:4465型)を用いて、標点間距離を80mmとし、クロスヘッド速度5.0mm/分で3点曲げ試験を行った。測定した試験片の数はn=6とし、その全平均値を曲げ強度とした。
実施例1の評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=40.0mmになるよう、θ=30°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=80.0mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=60.0mmになるよう、θ=30°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=80.0mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=37.5mm一定、切込の長さl=40.0mmになるよう、θ=30°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=53.3mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、流動性、引張強度及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=86.4mmになるよう、θ=10°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した。しかしながらカッティングプロッタでは刃が滑り、切込加工を施すことができなかった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=77.3mmになるよう、θ=15°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=154.5mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度及び加工時間は良好であったが、流動性が不十分であった。
L=3.0mm一定、切込の長さl=40.0mmになるよう、θ=30°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=666.7mであった。評価結果は、曲げ弾性及び流動性は良好であったが、曲げ強度と引張強度とが不十分であり、加工時間が長大であった。
L=3.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=471.4mであった。評価結果は、曲げ弾性及び流動性は良好であったが、曲げ強度と引張強度とが不十分であり、加工時間が長大であった。
L=12.5mm一定、切込の長さl=40.0mmになるよう、θ=30°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=160.0mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=12.5mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=113.1mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=14.1mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=56.6mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=56.6mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=42.4mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=56.6mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=37.5mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=37.7mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=23.1mmになるよう、θ=60°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=46.2mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=20.7mmになるよう、θ=75°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=41.4mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=20.0mmになるよう、θ=90°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=40.0mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=50.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=28.3mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=100.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=14.1mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度及び加工時間ともに良好であったが、流動性が不十分であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=42.4mmになるよう、強化繊維に対する角度θ=30°のX軸(X軸は、切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ直線)に対して、y=sin(0.5X)mmとしたサインカーブ状の切込加工を施した(図2)以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際、1.1Ls=Lr、la=84.9mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=34.6mmになるよう、強化繊維に対する角度θ=45°のX軸(X軸は、切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ直線)に対して、y=2.0sin(0.5X)mmとしたサインカーブ状の切込加工を施した(図2)以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際、1.2Ls=Lr、la=69.2mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
切込加工をレーザーマーカー(パナソニック電工SUNX社製、製品名:LP-S500)で行い、L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=56.6mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
切込加工を特別に作成した抜型と圧縮成形機(神藤金属工業所製、製品名:SFA-50HH0)で行い、L=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=56.6mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
一方向に炭素繊維(三菱レイヨン社製、製品名:パイロフィル(登録商標)TR-50S15L)を平面状に引き揃えて目付が78.0g/m2となる強化繊維シートとし、強化繊維シートの両面を、酸変性ポリプロピレン樹脂(三菱化学社製、製品名:モディック(登録商標)P958)からなる目付が36.4g/m2のフィルムで挟み、カレンダロールを通して、熱可塑性樹脂を繊維シートに含浸し、繊維体積含有率(Vf)が35%、厚さが、0.12mmのプリプレグを得た。このプリプレグのL=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=56.6mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
一方向に炭素繊維(三菱レイヨン社製、製品名:パイロフィル(登録商標)TR-50S15L)を平面状に引き揃えて目付が93.0g/m2となる強化繊維シートとし、強化繊維シートの片面を、酸変性ポリプロピレン樹脂(三菱化学社製、製品名:モディック(登録商標)P958)からなる目付が36.4g/m2のフィルムとをあわせ、カレンダロールを通して、熱可塑性樹脂を繊維シートに含浸し、繊維体積含有率(Vf)が56%、厚さが、0.09mmのプリプレグを得た。このプリプレグをL=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施し、24層を疑似等方([0/45/90/-45]s3)に積層した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=56.6mであった。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度及び加工時間ともに良好であったが、流動性が不十分であった。
L=6.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、評価をおこなった。この際la=235.7mであった。評価結果は、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であったが、曲げ強度と引張強度とが不十分であった。
一方向に炭素繊維(三菱レイヨン社製、製品名:パイロフィル(登録商標)TR-50S15L)を平面状に引き揃えて目付が72.0g/m2となる強化繊維シートとし、強化繊維シートの両面を、ポリアミド樹脂(宇部興産社製、製品名:1013B)からなる目付が45.6g/m2のフィルムで挟み、カレンダロールを通して、熱可塑性樹脂を繊維シートに含浸し、繊維体積含有率(Vf)が33%、厚さが、0.12mmのプリプレグを得た。このプリプレグをL=25.0mm一定、切込の長さl=28.3mmになるよう、θ=45°の直線状(Ls=Lr)の切込加工を施した。高温側プレス温度を260℃に設定した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で積層基材とその成形品を作成し、下記に記す流動性評価以外は実施例1と同様の方法で評価をおこなった。この際la=56.6mであった。また流動性評価は、実施例1の記載の板状物を、ミニテストプレス(東洋精機製、製品名:MP-2FH)を用いて270℃で10分間加熱後、180℃、10MPa条件で60秒間間プレスした。プレス成形前後での厚みを測定し、初期厚みを最終厚みで除すことにより流動性の評価とした。評価結果は、曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、引張強度、流動性及び加工時間ともに良好であった。
ポリアクリロニトリルを主成分し、メタクリル酸2-ヒドロキシエチルを2モル%含有する共重合体をジメチルアセトアミド中に溶解して紡糸原液とし、湿式紡糸法を用いて、紡糸原液から平均単繊維繊度2.5dtex、総単糸数24,000本の炭素繊維前駆体を得た。さらに得られた炭素繊維前駆体を250~290℃の熱風循環式耐炎化炉にて60分間空気酸化することで耐炎化処理を行い、引き続き窒素雰囲気下において660℃で90秒間および1350℃で90秒間高温熱処理炉にて炭素化処理を行い炭素繊維を得た。得られた炭素繊維を電解液中で表面酸化処理を行った後、エポキシ樹脂をサイジング剤として付着量が0.4質量%となる様にサイジング処理して、PAN系炭素繊維(平均単繊維繊度:1.4dtex、真円度:0.82、フィラメント数:24000本、ストランド強度:4275MPa、ストランド弾性率:230GPa、サイズ剤種:エポキシ樹脂、サイズ剤付着量:0.4質量%)を得た。
実施例1と同様の方法で得られたプリプレグを、935×1235mmに切り出し、サンプルカット機(レザック社製、製品名:L-2500)を用いて図1に示すように一定間隔で切込を入れた。その際、シートの端部より17.5mm内側部分を除き、強化繊維の長さL=25.4mm一定、平均切込の長さl=42.4mmになるよう、繊維を切断する切込と強化繊維の交差する角度θ=45°の切込加工を施した。この際1m2あたりの切込の長さの総和la=56.6mであった。
このようにして得られた切込プリプレグを疑似等方([0/45/90/-45]s2)の16層に重ね、超音波溶着機(日本エマソン社製、製品名:2000LPt)でスポット溶接して積層基材を作成した。
得られた積層基材は、取扱い性が良好であった。
評価結果は、曲げ強度及び曲げ弾性率、ともに良好であった。
実施例1と同様に行い、得られたプリプレグを打抜型(株式会社ダイテックス製)にてシートの端部より17.5mm内側部分を除き、強化繊維の長さL=25.4mm、平均切込の長さl=42.4mm、繊維を切断する切込と強化繊維の交差する角度θ=45°の切込、1m2あたりの切込の長さの総和la=56.6mの切込加工を施した935×1235mmに切り出した。評価結果は、取扱い性良好で、得られた成形板は、強化繊維のうねりがなく、その端部まで強化繊維が均等に流動しており、ソリもなく、バリもなく、良好な外観と平滑性を保っていた。得られた成形板は、曲げ強度及び曲げ弾性率、ともに良好であった。
実施例1と同様に行い、プリプレグ積層体の周囲を粘着テープにて囲い貼り付けて固定しない積層基材を作成した。評価結果は、取扱い性は不良で、得られた成形板は、強化繊維のうねりがあり、強化繊維が不均等に流動しており、ソリがあり、バリもあった。得られた成形板は、曲げ弾性率が不良であった。
積層基材を取扱う際の取扱い性を作業者の感覚にて評価した。評価の判定は以下の基準で行った。
「○」:取扱い易い。
「×」:取扱い難い。(積層間が開く)
成形体を作業者の目視にて評価した。評価の判定は以下の基準で行った。
「○」:強化繊維のうねりが確認し難い。
「×」:明らかな強化繊維のうねりが確認される。
プレス成形後のバリ取り前後の質量を測定し、バリの質量をバリ取り前の成形体の質量で割り返し評価した。評価の判定は以下の基準で行った。
「○」:2質量%未満のバリ。
「×」:2質量%以上のバリ。
2 強化繊維
3切込と強化繊維の交差する角度
4 切込の長さ
5 切断された強化繊維の長さ
6 中心線
Claims (15)
- 一方向に配向した強化繊維と熱可塑性マトリクス樹脂とを含むシート状のプリプレグを複数枚積層した積層基材であって、
前記プリプレグは、表面から裏面に貫通した切込を有し、
各切込は各強化繊維と1回のみ交差するように設けられ、
かつ前記切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ線分の長さをLsとした場合、前記線分の長さLsと前記切込の長さLrとが下記式1の関係を満たし、
Ls≦Lr≦Ls×1.5 ・・・(式1)
前記線分と前記強化繊維の繊維方向との交差する角度が30°以上、90°以下であり、
前記プリプレグ1m2あたりの切込の長さLrの総和が20m以上、200m以下であるプリプレグを含む積層基材。 - 前記切込によって切断された強化繊維の長さが、5mm以上100mm以下であるプリプレグを含む請求項1記載の積層基材。
- 前記強化繊維の平均単繊維繊度が0.5dtex以上、2.4dtex以下である炭素繊維である請求項1または2に記載の積層基材。
- 前記積層基材が、熱可塑性樹脂からなる層をさらに含む請求項1から3のいずれかの一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記積層基材を構成する複数のプリプレグが、プリプレグに含まれる強化繊維の方向が疑似等方となるように積層された請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記積層基材を構成する複数のプリプレグが、前記プリプレグのうち任意の一つに含まれる強化繊維の方向を0°としたとき、前記プリプレグのそれぞれに含まれる強化繊維の方向が0°であるプリプレグと90°であるプリプレグが交互に積層されている請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 切込の開始点と終点を結ぶ線分と強化繊維の交差する角度が30°以上、60°以下である請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記積層基材を構成するプリプレグに含まれる強化繊維の体積含有率が前記プリプレグの全体体積に対して20体積%以上、55体積%以下である、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の積層基材。
- 前記プリプレグのいずれの5cm×5cmの部分においても、当該25cm2あたりの切込の長さLrの総和が0.5m以上5m以下である請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記積層基材を構成するプリプレグの厚さが50μm以上、200μm以下である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 前記積層基材を構成するプリプレグ同士が接着されている請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- 積層基材の外周断面部分の全ての50%以上が、プリプレグを構成するマトリクス樹脂の融点+10℃で形状を保持するシート状物で覆われている請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の積層基材。
- シート状物が粘着テープであって、積層基材の外周に沿って最下層基材外周部、積層基材の外周断面、最上層基材外周部を覆うように粘着テープが貼られた請求項12に記載の積層基材。
- シート状のプリプレグを複数枚積層して積層基材を製造する方法であって、プリプレグを複数枚積層した後、積層基材の外周断面部分の全ての50%以上を、プリプレグを構成するマトリクス樹脂の融点+10℃で形状を保持するシート状物で覆うことを特徴とする積層基材の製造方法。
- 前記シート状物が粘着テープであって、積層基材の外周に沿って最下層基材外周部、積層基材の外周断面、最上層基材外周部を覆うように粘着テープを貼ることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の積層基材の製造方法。
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| JP2014514948A JP5696812B2 (ja) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-03-10 | 積層基材およびその製造方法 |
| KR1020167014297A KR20160066008A (ko) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-03-10 | 적층 기재 및 그의 제조 방법 |
| KR1020177024253A KR20170102390A (ko) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-03-10 | 적층 기재 및 그의 제조 방법 |
| US14/774,036 US9969146B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-03-10 | Layered substrate and method for manufacturing same |
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| US12172392B2 (en) | 2018-10-03 | 2024-12-24 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite-material aircraft part and method of manufacturing same |
| JP6567231B1 (ja) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-08-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 炭素繊維強化プラスチック製補強板、補強板付き部材、ホーム柵、及び炭素繊維強化プラスチック製補強板の製造方法 |
| WO2020144793A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-10 | 2020-07-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 炭素繊維強化プラスチック製補強板、補強板付き部材、ホーム柵、及び炭素繊維強化プラスチック製補強板の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2014142061A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
| EP2974842A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
| KR20150107893A (ko) | 2015-09-23 |
| KR20160066008A (ko) | 2016-06-09 |
| KR20170102390A (ko) | 2017-09-08 |
| US9969146B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
| EP2974842B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
| JP5696812B2 (ja) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN105073364A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
| US20160016382A1 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
| KR101643114B1 (ko) | 2016-07-26 |
| EP2974842A4 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
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