WO2014145955A2 - Systèmes, procédés et pièces pour moteurs à combustion oxhydrique à faible compression - Google Patents

Systèmes, procédés et pièces pour moteurs à combustion oxhydrique à faible compression Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014145955A2
WO2014145955A2 PCT/US2014/030813 US2014030813W WO2014145955A2 WO 2014145955 A2 WO2014145955 A2 WO 2014145955A2 US 2014030813 W US2014030813 W US 2014030813W WO 2014145955 A2 WO2014145955 A2 WO 2014145955A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxygen
hydrogen
combustion engine
combustion
intake
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2014/030813
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2014145955A3 (fr
Inventor
R. Holt Drew
B. Randolph Jimmy
J. Bethurem Gary
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kilo Inc
Original Assignee
Kilo Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2014/029792 external-priority patent/WO2014153249A2/fr
Application filed by Kilo Inc filed Critical Kilo Inc
Publication of WO2014145955A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014145955A2/fr
Publication of WO2014145955A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014145955A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • Various embodiments of the present invention concern oxyhydrogen combustion engines and related power generation systems.
  • oxyhydrogen fuel in combustion engines, the present inventors have recognized at least one problem.
  • the problem is that the efficiency of known combustion engines is directly proportional to the how much the fuel is compressed prior to combustion. In other words, increasing compression increases efficiency, and decreasing compression decreases efficiency.
  • compression also increases the temperature of a gas and makes it increasingly susceptible to an engine performance problem, called auto ignition, which entails the gas spontaneously exploding before the optimal point in the engine cycle.
  • autoignition also known as "knocking" because its characteristic sound, significantly stresses the engine and can cause premature failure of engine components.
  • oxyhydrogen gas is susceptible to auto ignition problems, potentially forcing engine makers to give up significant efficiency for longer engine life.
  • One exemplary engine includes a non-atmospheric combustion chamber and an igniter, with each combustion chamber coupled to receive oxyhydrogen gas and the igniter configured to ignite the gas when the engine exhibits a compression ratio less than or equal to 3.
  • the compression ratio is in the range of 0.1 to 1 .5, inclusive, and in others, it is 1 .0 to 1 .5, inclusive.
  • the combustion chamber takes the form of a piston chamber, and in others it takes the form of a gas turbine.
  • the low compression ratio avoids the tradeoff found in conventional high compression engines, simultaneously reducing engine wear from autoignition and improving engine efficiency.
  • some embodiments inject inert gas, water vapor, steam, and/or nano water into the combustion chamber along with the hydrogen-oxygen gas to amplify the impact of combustion.
  • injected water is converted to flash steam during combustion, amplifying the forces available to move a piston for example by as much as 1000 fold or more.
  • FIGs. 1A and 1 B are cross-sectional schematic representations of an low- compression oxygen-hydrogen non-atmospheric intake combustion engine
  • FIG. 2 is graphical representation of idealized conventional Otto cycle with a compression ratio of approximately 8 and a comparative no or low-compression cycle corresponding to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an oxygen-hydrogen power generation system corresponding to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an reciprocating linear alternator that
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of conductive plates for use in oxyhydrogen generators corresponding to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an arrangement of neutral subsets, cathode plates and anode plates for use in various systems described herein and thus corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an example of a plate for use in various systems described herein and thus corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8A-8B are schematic diagrams illustrating alternative configurations for plates in a field generator.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective cut away view of an oxyhydrogen generator or aqueous reactor for used in one or more of the systems described herein and thus corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Description of Example Embodiments
  • Fig. 1A shows an exemplary combustion chamber portion of a non-atmospheric low-compression internal combustion engine 100.
  • Engine 100 includes one or more combustion chambers 1 10, a piston 120, a piston rod 130, and a crankshaft 140.
  • Chamber 1 which is formed of a suitable metallic alloy or other high temperature resistant durable material, generally defines a right cylindrical interior volume 1 1 1 .
  • Chamber 1 10 further includes a top portion 1 12 having an oxyhydrogen injector 1 13, an igniter 1 14, and a one-way relief valve 1 15. Within interior volume 1 1 1 is piston 120.
  • Piston 120 which is sized and formed according known techniques, such milling, lathing, die casting, and so forth, has a right cylindrical form sized to engage with and form a substantially fluid type seal with the sidewalls of interior volume 1 1 1 and thus define an adjustable chamber volume V as the piston moves back and forth along a central axis 1 10X of chamber 1 10.
  • Piston 120 is pivotably linked to connecting rod 130, which is itself pivotably linked to crankshaft 140. As piston 120 moves down within chamber 1 10 in response to combustion and/or expansion of gases, such as
  • Fig. 1A shows that injector 1 13 is injecting fuel mixture 1 13A and igniter is providing ignition spark 1 14A at approximately the same time as piston 120 is at top- dead-center (TDC) position to avoid compression of the fuel mixture.
  • control circuitry shown, in Fig. 3 is configured to operate engine 100 with a compression ratio in the range of 0.1 to 3 (for example, 1 .1 , 1 .2, 1 .3, 1 .4, 1 .5, 1 .6, 1 .7, 1 .8, 1 .9, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0), where the compression ratio G or Gamma is defined as the ratio of the volume of the cylinder at the time of fuel intake and the volume of the cylinder at the time of fuel ignition.
  • the exemplary embodiment uses a fuel mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases, preferably as stoichiometric 2:1 mixture of hydrogen to oxygen. Other embodiments, however, use other hydrogen-oxygen mixtures. Some embodiments also include steam, water vapor, nano-water, or inert gases (e.g., argon) in the fuel mixture, providing separate injectors in some instances to prove these additives to the chamber.
  • a fuel mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases preferably as stoichiometric 2:1 mixture of hydrogen to oxygen.
  • Other embodiments use other hydrogen-oxygen mixtures.
  • Some embodiments also include steam, water vapor, nano-water, or inert gases (e.g., argon) in the fuel mixture, providing separate injectors in some instances to prove these additives to the chamber.
  • Fig. 1 A shows the result of piston 140 moving downward past exhaust ports 1 16A and 1 16B, allowing steam and water vapor to escape chamber 1 10.
  • engine 100 is configured for a two-stroke cycle. Both two and four stroke engines have four steps in the cycle, but two-strokes have one piston up and down motion per cycle and four strokes have two up and down motions per cycle.
  • the exhaust port design for the cylinder in the figure is evident of a two stroke, whereas a four stroke embodiments would generally include separate valved exhaust ports at the top of the cylinder.
  • Fig. 2 shows a graph of how the zero- or low-compression non-atmospheric engine 100 performs relative to conventional high-pressure Otto cycle internal combustion engine.
  • the pressure-volume diagram is provided for air; similar diagrams can be created for other combustion chamber gases.
  • Produced work is equal to the area contained within the cycle curves.
  • the hydrogen/oxygen cycle encompasses a significantly larger volume, which translates to a greater amount of work being done, by 15-20% in the example provided.
  • a higher maximum combustion chamber pressure could be achieved than in the conventional engine, resulting in even greater work in some embodiments of the present invention.
  • fuel intake typically occurs at maximum displacement of the piston face from top-dead-center (TDC) position where the piston volume is at a maximum and ignition is timed to occur after intake when the piston has moved to a point that defines 1 /6 maximum cylinder volume, thus providing a compression ratio of 6.
  • TDC top-dead-center
  • ratios greater than 10 are generally avoided due to pollutants, such as nitrous oxides, that are formed at the higher operating temperatures created at the higher ratios.
  • pollutants require use of exhaust equipment that ultimately takes away the efficiency gains that would otherwise be available at higher ratios.
  • Exemplary Power Generation Systems Incorporating Low Compression Combustion Fig. 3 shows an exemplary computer-controlled power generation system 300 which includes an engine block 330 which includes six combustion chambers and pistons like those described for engine 100, denoted 1 10A-1 10E. Additionally, system 300 includes a oxyhydgrogen generator 310, a fuel and ignition controller 320, a flywheel 340, a coupler 350, and an energy collector 360.
  • Controller 320 includes processing circuitry 321 (for example, a microprocessor, programmable logic controller, application specific integrated circuit) and/or memory 322. In operation, controller 320, in accord with instructions stored on non-volatile memory 322 alternates the firing of individual cylinders to maintain rotation of flywheel 340 at a desired RPM. Coupler 350 couples the rotational energy of flywheel 330 to energy collector or converter 360. Energy collector or converter 360 is generally representative of one or more power collection or conversion devices, in various embodiments taking the form of one or more electrical generators, air pumps, hydraulic pumps, and/or vacuum pumps.
  • Some embodiments include one or more portions of system 300 within a water containment chamber or vessel 370.
  • the water containment vessel includes distilled water and completely submerses the components of the system, particularly the engine block 330 and its cylinders.
  • the oxyhydrogen generator is also contained within the vessel, supplied by the reservoir of water it contains or by a separate supply of distilled water.
  • Some embodiments place energy collector 360 outside the water containment vessel. Exemplary benefits of the water containment vessal include containment of accidential hydrogen gas explosions and mitigation of system noise and vibration.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary reciprocal linear alternator or generator 400.
  • Generator 400 includes two non-atmospheric low-compression combustion cylinders 1 10A and 1 10B placed opposite each other.
  • Generator 400 also includes a two-headed piston 420, which includes a piston rod 421 .
  • Mounted along the length of rod 421 are permanent magnet disks 430. Adjacent to the magnetic disks are electrically
  • Coils 440 are electrically connected to inverter 450.
  • hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture is alternatively injected and ignited in the cylinders realizing a zero or low compression ratio and generating a reciprocating action in piston 420 and piston rod 421 .
  • Magnets 430 move in unison with the piston rod and via magnetic induction induce an alternating electric current in coils 440, which feeds inverter 450.
  • the engines of the present invention may be operated using any oxygen/hydrogen production device that atomizes water thereby producing atomized oxygen and hydrogen gases.
  • An example of such a device includes, but is not limited to, the devices disclosed or suggested in Patent Pub. No. WO 2012/162434 A2, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
  • the fuel used in the engine of the present invention may be any combination or mixture of oxygen and hydrogen gases, such as HHO or H2 and O2 mixed as they are injected separately.
  • HHO at a mixture that is substantially stoichiometric e.g. 67% hydrogen and 33% oxygen
  • an engine according to the present invention can ake the form of either internal (e.g., a piston engine, a rotary engine, a Wankel rotary engine) or external (e.g., a gas turbine, a Tesla turbine) combustion.
  • Various embodimens may also incorporate the injection of liquid water (i.e., a wet
  • an inert gas may also be added to the combustion chamber of the engine of the present invention.
  • the inert gas can be any of many species or a mix thereof.
  • some embodiments use argon, which does not react with the hydrogen/oxygen fuel, nor with other supplemental fuels.
  • argon can be readily separated from the exhaust stream of the engine.
  • the only molecules in the exhaust stream of the engine are water and argon, which can be separated by cooling the stream below 100 degrees centigrade, at which point the water will condense and can be removed (and recirculated to hydrogen/oxygen separation devices, if desired).
  • the efficiency of a combustion engine is generally related to the flame speed of the combustible fuel, that is, the rate at which the combustible fuel burns.
  • the higher the flame speed the higher the efficiency because the combustion products more rapidly increase in pressure, resulting in a higher maximum pressure before the mechanical components of the engine can move to dissipate the pressure.
  • hydrogen/oxygen mixture may be increased with the addition of a small percentage of carbon dioxide.
  • CO2 carbon dioxide
  • V1 the volume of the combustion chamber at the onset of compression
  • V2 the volume of the combustion chamber at the completion of compression
  • y the ratio of constant pressure to constant volume heat capacities.
  • some embodiments of the present invention operates without connection to the atmosphere but rather by using a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the engine may also make use of a supplemental carbon-based fuel, including but not limited to hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or elemental carbon.
  • a supplemental carbon-based fuel including but not limited to hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or elemental carbon.
  • an oxidizer must be injected into the combustion chamber together with the hydrogen/oxygen and the supplemental fuel.
  • the oxidizer may be pure oxygen, which may be extracted from the atmosphere using equipment known in the art or synthesized from water. This fuel composition serves to increase the amount of energy that can be harnessed per unit of carbon-based fuel (i.e., because hydrogen/oxygen also contribute to the net energy input of the system).
  • the products of the combustion are substantially water and carbon dioxide, which may be separated and captured for use and disposal using equipment known in the art (e.g, equipment to condense the water out of the exhaust stream, thereby providing a clean carbon dioxide product).
  • Assembly and operation of various embodiments of the non-atmospheric intake combustion engine may proceed according to the following methodology.
  • Various embodiments of the engines and systems disclosed herein are assembled as is generally understood in the art for internal and external combustion engines, with specific novel modifications.
  • the combustion product intake timing is adjusted such that intake occurs under substantially zero or low compression.
  • the engine may be modified to remove compressors.
  • the intake ports on the engine are connected to hydrogen/oxygen production units by means of non-corrosive tubes or pipes.
  • the intake ports may also be connected to carbon-based supplemental fuel reservoirs, oxidizer storage or separation units, and/or an inert gas reservoir and/or recycling unit.
  • the exhaust stream out of the engine may be vented to the atmosphere and/or may be processed to extract and/or capture useful products, such as argon and carbon dioxide.
  • the shaft of the engine may be connected to a generator or other energy capture device by means of a gearbox or direct linkage, generating electricity for distribution.
  • the shaft may also be connected to other devices to provide mechanical work. All equipment in the non-atmospheric engine is electronically connected to control equipment to permit optimal operation.
  • FIGs 5-9 show examples of oxyhydrogen generation components and systems used in some embodiments of the invention.
  • a field generator 500 for use in an aqueous reactor preferably comprises an array 502 of electrically conductive parallel spaced-apart plates 504a - 504j supported by a non-electrically conductive framework or member 506.
  • the array of plates 502 may comprise one or more cathode plates 504a, 504c (collectively, 508) at a first end of the array, one or more anode plates 504h, 504j (collectively, 510) at a second end of the array 502 opposite to the first end.
  • the array of plates may further comprise a plurality of neutral plates 504b, 504d-g, 504i interposed between the cathode plates 508 and the anode plates 510.
  • the neutral plates 504b, 504d-g, 504i may be arranged in interleaved neutral subsets 512, 514 each comprising at least three electrically connected plates.
  • each subset 512, 514 includes at least one plate (e.g., 504b, 504f, 504i) that is interposed between two plates of an adjacent subset, of the cathode plates, or of the anode plates, and also includes at least two plates (e.g., 504d and 504f of subset 512, or 504e and 504g of subset 514) disposed around one plate of another adjacent subset, of the cathode plates, or of the anode plates.
  • Each of the neutral subsets 512, 514 may be electrically isolated from other ones of the neutral subsets, from the cathode plates, and from the anode plates.
  • each of the neutral subsets 512, 514 may be electrically isolated from every other one of the neutral subsets.
  • the cathode plates 508 may be configured for connecting to a negative polarity source of applied electrical power, for generating hydrogen.
  • the anode plates 510 may be configured for connecting to a positive polarity source of applied electrical power for generating oxygen.
  • the neutral subsets are not connected to any source of electrical power.
  • the plates 504a-j are preferably copper-tungsten or other highly conductive material.
  • the highly conductive material includes a catalytic surface such as is provided by nickelplating.
  • the nickel-plated surface treatment of the conductive plates has been observed to have a catalytic effect on the operation of the aqueous reactor.
  • the plates 504a-j are preferably substantially planar and of substantially uniform thickness "t". It is believed desirable to make the plates thick enough to be durable and rigid during operation of the reactor, and optimal thickness may therefore depend on the selected plate material and plate mounting details. If copper-tungsten is used, the plates are advantageously .125" to avoid accidental bending of the soft material.
  • the plates in the array will preferably be spaced substantially uniformly apart a distance "d" in a range of about 0.125 inches from one another. Further aspects of the field generator "plate" are described in connection with Fig. 7.
  • the non-electrically conductive framework or member 506 comprises edge supports spaced around a periphery of the plates. Edge supports are believed advantageous to ensure that each plate remains in place during operation.
  • a support member preferably includes other features, for example nozzles 506 for a recirculation manifold as discussed herein.
  • plate edges were supported by slots formed in blocks of a polymer material, to support the array around a periphery of the plate edges.
  • any suitable support structure may be used.
  • the apparatus preferably comprises not less than nine and not more than 48 neutral plates.
  • An array having properties as described herein is believed to be effective, and perhaps optimally effective, using twenty-five total plates comprised of two cathode plates 602, two anode plates 604, and 21 neutral plates divided into seven triplets 606a-g.
  • Fig. 6 shows such an array 600 in a highly schematic form to illustrate an example of an interleaved plate topology for a field generator 600.
  • the illustrated manner of connecting plates in a triplet, anode or cathode is highly schematic, and should not be understood as illustrating or suggesting an actual physical configuration, apart from the illustrated and described topological aspects.
  • Each of the neutral subsets 606a-g is preferably comprised an odd number of plates, for example, three or five. Three plates per neutral subset (i.e., a triplet) is believed advantageous, although any odd number of three or greater enables
  • the cathode plates 602 are interleaved with a first neutral triplet 606a, and the anode plates 604 are interleaved with a last neutral triplet 606g.
  • the first and last triplets 606a, 606g are interleaved with their adjoining triplets 606b, 606f, respectively.
  • the intermediate triplets 606b-f are each interleaved with an adjoining triplet.
  • Fig. 1 shows a similar
  • the array 600 may comprise an odd or even number of neutral subsets such as the triplets 606a-g.
  • An odd number of neutral subsets is believed advantageous, at least for use with the applied electrical power waveforms as described herein.
  • Fig. 7 shows a plan view and dimensions for an example of a plate 700 used to construct a field generator as described herein. Plate 700 as shown is employed for the neutral plates 504b, 504d-g, 504i of Fig. 5.
  • Highly conductive materials may be suitable, for example, copper, nickel-plated copper, nickel, platinum or palladium plated metals, or graphite. Other metals have also been used.
  • Any structural conductive material may be used that is either coated or will not be appreciably corroded by the working fluid of the aqueous reactor during use. Any surface material selected may have an effect on the operation of the field generator. There appears to be a catalytic effect observed when nickel plating covers the plates 504a-j in the electrolytic process. Additionally, the presence of nickel, palladium, platinum or other catalysts may be helpful in facilitating a desired reaction at lower temperatures. Various surface treatments can enhance operation of the field generator, although robust hydrolysis of water in a potassium hydroxide solution was even observed using untreated 316 L stainless steel .
  • the plate 700 may be characterized by opposing generally parallel primary surfaces. One of these surfaces 702 is shown in the plan view of Fig. 7.
  • the opposite surface of plate 300 comprises the second surface. This characteristic enables construction of a field generator as described in connection with Figs. 5 and 6.
  • These primary surfaces are not necessarily flat and planar, and may be contoured so long as maintaining a generally parallel orientation with respect to the adjacent surface of its closest neighboring plate.
  • the dimensions and shape shown in Fig. 7 are provided by way of example only, and not by limitation. The depicted dimensions and shape are believed useful for, but not critical to, construction of a field generator.
  • the plate 700 includes a central hole 704 to accommodate a non-conductive support member used to support plates in the field generator.
  • the plate 700 could preferably include any number of holes or cutouts and may be made in a variety of shapes.
  • the plate 700 may include a tab 706 for use as an electrical connector to an adjacent plate, to an external power source, or both.
  • "plate” is not limited to generally planar components, or to components made of plate stock. Instead, a "plate” should be understood to be preferably generally flat, contoured or folded, with any number of through holes and formed of any suitable material. For example, a grid or wire mesh material, so long as sufficiently rigid to hold its shape in operation, may be configured as a "plate” in the field generator as described herein.
  • anode plates 504h, 504j and cathode plates 504a, 504c are substantially all stated above in reference to plate 700.
  • the anode plates 504h, 504j and cathode plates 504a, 504c have found further efficiency using holes in these plates. This is particularly true for the hydrocarbon and carbon conversion process.
  • Such anode and cathode plates may include an rectangular matrix of holes of an wide variety of shapes and sizes, for example circular, square, rectangular. The object is to significantly cover the plate with holes. The employment of this type of plate for the anodes and cathodes has been found to cut power
  • a plate of copper-tungsten plated with nickel and having a nominal height/width/depth of 6"x6"x1 /8" is perforated uniformly before plating with holes 5/16" square.
  • the holes may be spaced apart 1 /8", giving a hole center-to-center distance between adjacent holes of 7/16".
  • a slightly wider structural border may extend around the periphery of the plate for structural integrity.
  • plate 700 may be generally flat or planar, the field generator is not limited to use of planar plate elements. For example, contouring or folding may be used to increase surface area of a plate, while maintaining a generally parallel relationship with an adjacent plate. Fig.
  • FIG. 8A shows a top view of two adjacent contoured plates 802, 804 in a configuration 800 wherein each of the plates 802, 804 includes respective contoured surfaces 806, 808 maintaining collinear (or near collinear) normals for substantially their entire respective extents.
  • a drawback of this configuration is that in an array made up of plates of equal area, exact parallelism cannot be maintained between adjacent plates without individually contouring each plate.
  • This can be avoided by using an alternative configuration 850, shown in Fig. 8B, in which folded adjacent plates 852, 856 present multiple folds defining respective virtual surfaces 856, 858, which are substantially parallel.
  • Adjacent plates 852, 856 may therefore share substantially the same or identical contoured geometries while still providing an aspect of parallelism between adjacent plates.
  • the alternative configurations 800, 850 are currently untested and may not, on balance, be advantageous over flat plates. Advantages of flat plates include simplicity of fabrication, lower cost, easily achieved parallelism and less resistance to fluid flow between adjacent plates.
  • Fig. 9 shows an example of a field generator 502 assembled into an aqueous reactor (oxyhydrogen generator) 900.
  • the reactor 900 includes a substantially closed vessel or container 904, constructed for holding a liquid working fluid so as to immerse the field generator 902.
  • the field generator 902 may comprise an array of plates, for example, the neutral plate 700 as shown in Fig. 7 and a perforated rectangular anode/cathode plate as described above, supported by a non-electrically conductive framework 906.
  • a cylindrical non-conductive support member may pass through a central hole 907 in the plates to secure the plates to the supporting framework.
  • the plates may be connected to provide cathode plate sets, anode plate sets, and neutral sets as described herein, using connectors (not shown) placed across selected connecting tabs at the upper end of the generator 902.
  • the liquid level in the container 904 may be maintained below the level of the plate connecting tabs, for example the tab 908 that is connected to an electrical cable 910 supplying electrical power to the field generator 902.
  • a complementary electrical cable may similarly be connected to a plate of opposite polarity located at an opposite end of the array 902.
  • the cable 910 or its complement may be passed through a wall of the container 904 using a feed-through 912 designed to maintain a seal.
  • a feed-through 912 designed to maintain a seal.
  • power straps are employed in the bath to distribute current, they too may be nickel coated and of a highly conductive material to reduce heat build-up and provide more catalytic surface area.
  • the container 904 may be substantially sealed except for control inlet and outlet ports, examples of which are discussed below.
  • an 0- ring seal 914 is disposed around a base; however, any suitable seal may be used.
  • a liquid inlet 918 and outlet 920 in the base 916 may be provided for connecting to a recirculation system, which may comprise a pump, heat exchanger, and connecting lines.
  • the recirculation system may circulate the working fluid through an array of nozzles in the base 916.
  • the nozzles preferably inject the working fluid in between individual plates in the field generator 902. Fluid injection between the plates is believed helpful for enhancing fluid movement, heat transfer and mixing between the plates, and help strip accumulated gas bubbles from the plate surfaces.
  • Upper ports include one or more liquid addition ports 524 and 526 for addition and make-up of working fluid constituents, and a solids entry/inspection port 528.
  • relational terms such as second, top and bottom, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
  • the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “has”, “having,” “includes”, “including,” “contains”, “containing” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises, has, includes, contains a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

Selon divers modes de réalisation, la présente invention concerne notamment des moteurs à combustion oxhydrique à faible compression. Un moteur à combustion donné à titre d'exemple comprend une chambre de combustion, un injecteur de carburant oxygène-hydrogène, un dispositif d'allumage du carburant et un dispositif de commande conçu pour faire fonctionner ledit injecteur et ledit dispositif d'allumage de manière à obtenir un rapport de compression égal à 3 ou moins. Certains modes de réalisation incluent un piston dans la chambre. Le fonctionnement du moteur avec ce rapport de compression réduit le rend plus efficace.
PCT/US2014/030813 2013-03-15 2014-03-17 Systèmes, procédés et pièces pour moteurs à combustion oxhydrique à faible compression Ceased WO2014145955A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361800752P 2013-03-15 2013-03-15
US61/800,752 2013-03-15
PCT/US2014/029792 WO2014153249A2 (fr) 2013-03-14 2014-03-14 Systèmes, procédés et composants de génération d'énergie oxyhydrogène sous-marins
USPCT/US14/29792 2014-03-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014145955A2 true WO2014145955A2 (fr) 2014-09-18
WO2014145955A3 WO2014145955A3 (fr) 2015-01-22

Family

ID=50897883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2014/030813 Ceased WO2014145955A2 (fr) 2013-03-15 2014-03-17 Systèmes, procédés et pièces pour moteurs à combustion oxhydrique à faible compression

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2014145955A2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10494992B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2019-12-03 Hytech Power, Llc Temperature control for HHO injection gas
US10605162B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2020-03-31 HyTech Power, Inc. Method of generating and distributing a second fuel for an internal combustion engine
AU2019201391B2 (en) * 2017-10-04 2021-03-04 Brc Engines Ip Pty Ltd Improved combustion engine and method
JP2021092224A (ja) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-17 寛治 泉 水素と酸素を燃焼し、且つ、水素と酸素を生成するエンジン。
US11708785B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2023-07-25 Brc Engines Ip Pty Ltd. Method of a controlled engine, engine and variants
WO2023221796A1 (fr) * 2022-05-16 2023-11-23 王立臣 Moteur à cycle hydrogène-oxygène et son procédé d'utilisation
US11879402B2 (en) 2012-02-27 2024-01-23 Hytech Power, Llc Methods to reduce combustion time and temperature in an engine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012162434A2 (fr) 2011-05-23 2012-11-29 Advanced Combustion Technologies, Inc. Combustible et dispositif et procédé pour le produire
US20140029792A1 (en) 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 Denso Corporation Vehicle light source detection device, light beam control device and program of detecting vehicle light source

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3672341A (en) * 1970-07-30 1972-06-27 Combustion Power Air pollution-free internal combustion engine and method for operating same
US3982878A (en) * 1975-10-09 1976-09-28 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Burning rate control in hydrogen fuel combustor
US4112875A (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-09-12 Nasa Hydrogen-fueled engine
US20020117124A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2002-08-29 Mcmaster Harold A. Hydrogen and oxygen fuel system for internal combustion engines
US8459213B2 (en) * 2008-04-16 2013-06-11 Donald E. Moriarty Partially self-refueling low emissions vehicle and stationary power system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012162434A2 (fr) 2011-05-23 2012-11-29 Advanced Combustion Technologies, Inc. Combustible et dispositif et procédé pour le produire
US20140029792A1 (en) 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 Denso Corporation Vehicle light source detection device, light beam control device and program of detecting vehicle light source

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11879402B2 (en) 2012-02-27 2024-01-23 Hytech Power, Llc Methods to reduce combustion time and temperature in an engine
US11280261B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2022-03-22 HyTech Power, Inc. Systems for HHO gas second fuel distribution and control
US10605162B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2020-03-31 HyTech Power, Inc. Method of generating and distributing a second fuel for an internal combustion engine
US11815011B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2023-11-14 Hytech Power, Llc Generation and regulation of HHO gas
AU2019201391B2 (en) * 2017-10-04 2021-03-04 Brc Engines Ip Pty Ltd Improved combustion engine and method
US11708785B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2023-07-25 Brc Engines Ip Pty Ltd. Method of a controlled engine, engine and variants
US10494992B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2019-12-03 Hytech Power, Llc Temperature control for HHO injection gas
US11828219B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2023-11-28 Hytech Power, Llc Rollover safe electrolysis unit for vehicles
US10619562B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-04-14 Hytech Power, Llc Explosion safe electrolysis unit
JP7004887B2 (ja) 2019-12-03 2022-02-07 寛治 泉 水素と酸素を燃焼するエンジン。
JP2021092224A (ja) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-17 寛治 泉 水素と酸素を燃焼し、且つ、水素と酸素を生成するエンジン。
WO2023221796A1 (fr) * 2022-05-16 2023-11-23 王立臣 Moteur à cycle hydrogène-oxygène et son procédé d'utilisation
US12366198B2 (en) 2022-05-16 2025-07-22 Lichen Wang Hydrogen-oxygen cycle engine and using method therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014145955A3 (fr) 2015-01-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014145955A2 (fr) Systèmes, procédés et pièces pour moteurs à combustion oxhydrique à faible compression
Subramanian et al. Production and use of HHO gas in IC engines
US9404443B2 (en) Methods for joule-thompson cooling and heating of combustion chamber events and associated systems and apparatus
US9255560B2 (en) Regenerative intensifier and associated systems and methods
WO2004092571A1 (fr) Systeme d'energie renouvelable integre
JP2014517877A (ja) 可燃性燃料並びにその製造装置及び製造方法
WO2007133174A1 (fr) Générateur à hydrogène
JP2012528270A (ja) 火花点火エンジンの動作方法および本方法を用いた火花点火エンジン
WO2011152366A1 (fr) Système de production d'énergie
WO2010151157A1 (fr) Systeme d'electrolyse a haute temperature
CN101481803B (zh) 一种低电流产生氢气供发动机作辅助燃料的水电解装置
Huang et al. Effect of ignition timing on the emission of internal combustion engine with syngas containing hydrogen using a spark plug reformer system
RU2669529C1 (ru) Магнитно-каталитическая камера сгорания двигателя внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) с подачей топлива в виде газовоздушной смеси и способ работы магнитно-каталитической камеры сгорания ДВС
WO2008099046A1 (fr) Moteur à explosion, à phase, thermique et de flottabilité
CN106191915B (zh) 一种用于水电解的直流发电装置及电解系统
WO2014153249A2 (fr) Systèmes, procédés et composants de génération d'énergie oxyhydrogène sous-marins
JP6796748B1 (ja) ブラウンガス発生システムを備えたブラウンガスの爆発爆縮機能を利用した爆発爆縮ブラウンガスロータリーエンジンシステム。
CN106283102B (zh) 一种水电解装置及燃气制备系统
JP2011109891A (ja) マイクロバブル含有水溶液を利用した温度差発電と、付帯して発生する水素と酸素の混合気である原子水素ガスの爆縮反応を利用した動力及び電力を取り出す方法
CN202030827U (zh) 多槽式车用氢氧机
TWM351875U (en) Oxy-hydrogen power generator
EP2096283B1 (fr) Dispositif d'alimentation en Oxygène et Hydrogène
CN201334519Y (zh) 一种低电流产生氢气供发动机作辅助燃料的水电解装置
CN106315508B (zh) 一种含氢气体的存储及使用方法
WO2011152365A1 (fr) Système de moteur et station d'hydrogène

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 14729112

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 14729112

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2