WO2014147185A1 - Procede de dopage de plaques de silicium - Google Patents
Procede de dopage de plaques de silicium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014147185A1 WO2014147185A1 PCT/EP2014/055621 EP2014055621W WO2014147185A1 WO 2014147185 A1 WO2014147185 A1 WO 2014147185A1 EP 2014055621 W EP2014055621 W EP 2014055621W WO 2014147185 A1 WO2014147185 A1 WO 2014147185A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- doping
- oxide layer
- silicon
- doped
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P32/00—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P32/10—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers
- H10P32/12—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers between a solid phase and a gaseous phase
- H10P32/1204—Diffusion of dopants within, into or out of semiconductor bodies or layers between a solid phase and a gaseous phase from a plasma phase
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the doping of silicon wafers for forming photovoltaic cells to be mounted on a solar panel.
- An object of the present invention is to meet the disadvantages of the prior art mentioned above and in particular, first of all, to propose a method of sequentially doping several distinct parts of a silicon wafer which does not require for as much sophisticated equipment or specific location operation to avoid overlap of the doped parts.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a doping method of a silicon wafer for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell, the method comprising the steps of:
- the method according to the present implementation uses a property well known in microelectronics, about the growth rate of oxides on silicon. Indeed, this growth rate of silicon oxide (S1O2) is higher on the first parts of the surface exposed to the first doping. In other words, the oxide layer is thicker on the first doped portions than on the remainder of the surface of the silicon wafer, which presents an additional barrier to the second doping. As a result, the second doping carried out on the entire oxide layer will be effective only on a part of the remainder of the surface of the silicon wafer, because it is made so as to penetrate the small thickness of the layer of silicon.
- S1O2 silicon oxide
- the oxide layer acts as a mask for the second doping, and this mask naturally covers the first doped portions.
- Self-aligned second doped portions are obtained at the first doped portions by virtue of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the silicon wafer prior to the second doping. There is therefore no mask applied to the silicon wafer before the second doping to obtain doped zones of different nature. There is also no stripping or removal of oxides between the first and second doping, which improves the complete manufacturing process and simplifies the production line.
- the second doping will not penetrate the oxide layer to the right of the first doped portions (because the oxide layer is locally thicker), but will cross the oxide layer formed between the first doped portions (because the oxide layer is locally less thick on undoped silicon), and thus doping the silicon wafer at these locations.
- Non-masked or intermediate stripping results in second doped portions which are self-aligned lines on the first doped portions.
- the step of forming an oxide layer is included in an activation annealing step of the first doped portion.
- the activation annealing of the first doped portions is advantageously combined with the formation of the oxide layer.
- a single step activates the first doped portion, and form the oxide layer.
- the step of forming an oxide layer comprises a heating step in an oxygen enriched atmosphere.
- the formation of the oxide layer is accelerated and better controlled.
- the step of performing the second doping is a step of doping on a predetermined penetration depth.
- the step of forming an oxide layer is a step leading to form a first oxide thickness in line with the first doped portion, and a second oxide thickness on the remainder of the surface less than the first oxide thickness, and the depth of penetration is between the first oxide thickness and the second oxide thickness.
- the present implementation guarantees an optimal process. Indeed, the second doping does not affect the first doped parts, because it does not cross the oxide layer in the thick areas, and reaches the undoped portions of the silicon wafer because it passes through the layer of oxide in thin areas.
- the step of performing the first doping is performed by plasma immersion.
- This process step can be performed with simpler equipment than a plasma gun, for example.
- the step of performing the second doping is performed by plasma immersion.
- This process step can be performed with simpler equipment than a plasma gun, for example.
- the step of performing the first doping and / or the step of performing the second doping is performed by plasma immersion.
- the step of performing the second doping is followed by an activating annealing step of the second doping.
- the operation of the photovoltaic cell will be optimal.
- the step of performing the first doping is a silicon doping step with a first species requiring activation annealing at a first temperature
- the step of performing the second doping is a step doping silicon with a second species requiring activation annealing at a second temperature, lower than the first temperature.
- Each doping requires activation annealing at a specific temperature.
- the step of performing the first doping is a step of doping silicon with boron
- the step of performing the second doping is a step of doping silicon with phosphorus.
- Each doping requires activation annealing at a specific temperature.
- the ideal annealing temperature of boron doping is greater than that of phosphorus activation annealing.
- the temperature of the second activation annealing is lower than that of the first activation annealing, it will not influence the properties of the first doped portions.
- the step of performing a second doping is followed by a step of removing the oxide layer.
- This step consists in removing the entire oxide layer at one time, so that the cell is then ready for the following steps of manufacturing the photovoltaic cell.
- the step of removing the oxide layer is a chemical deoxidation step in a bath comprising hydrofluoric acid.
- This implementation is fast and simple, the entire layer of silicon oxide is removed at one time, without special precautions.
- a second aspect of the invention is a photovoltaic cell having a doping produced according to the first aspect of the invention.
- a final aspect of the invention is a solar panel comprising at least one photovoltaic cell according to the second aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of a silicon wafer during a first step of the method according to the invention
- - Figure 2 shows the section of the silicon plate of Figure 1 during a second step of the method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows the section of the silicon plate of Figure 1 during a third step of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a silicon plate seen in section, during a first step of the method according to the invention.
- This first step consists of doping the first portions 11 of a surface 10 of the silicon wafer, with a first chemical species.
- the doping method used is plasma immersion doping P1, as described for example in WO2012168575 A2.
- the silicon wafer is placed in a plasma chamber 20 and a mask 30 is applied to the face 10 of the silicon wafer.
- This mask 30 comprises openings 31 and solid portions 32 which are intended to allow the plasma generated in the plasma chamber 20 to bathe only the first portions 11 of the silicon wafer which are opposite openings 31 of the mask 30.
- the silicon wafer is therefore doped with a first chemical species on the first portions 11 of the silicon wafer.
- FIG. 2 represents a second step of the method according to the invention, during which an oxide layer 40 is created on the surface 10 of the partially doped silicon plate. Since the surface 10 has doped first portions 11, the properties of this surface 10 are heterogeneous, particularly with respect to reactivity with oxygen. Indeed, the creation of oxides on the first parts 11 is faster than on the rest of the surface 10 of the silicon wafer.
- the second step of the process comprises exposing the surface 10 to the oxygen 0 2 in a chamber 50, in temperature, to accelerate the growth of silicon dioxide on the surface 10.
- the growth is therefore faster at the first doped portions 11 than on the rest of the surface 10 of the silicon wafer.
- the Applicant has found that the thickness of the oxide layer 40 is two to three times greater at the level of the first doped portions 11 than at the remainder of the surface 10, if the first doping is carried out with boron or phosphorus for example.
- the step of creating the oxide layer 40 is controlled in time, temperature and oxygen flow rate, in order to obtain an oxide layer 40 which has a first thickness E1 ranging from 10 nm to 60 nm at the level of the first doped portions 11, and a second thickness E2 ranging from 4 nm to 20 nm at the remainder of the surface 10.
- the thickness of the the oxide layer 40 passes progressively from the first substantial thickness to the second low thickness, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 represents a third step of the method according to the invention.
- a second doping is performed, directly on the oxidized silicon plate, through the oxide layer 40.
- a new plasma immersion P2 in the chamber 20 can be performed, but without a mask on the silicon wafer, because the process according to the invention uses the oxide layer 40 as a mask.
- An electric field is also created in the chamber 20, by applying an electric voltage to the silicon wafer, so that the ions present in the plasma of the plasma chamber 20 are projected onto the silicon wafer, as indicated by the arrows shown. .
- the parameters of the second doping such as the voltage applied to the silicon wafer, the flow rate of the precursor gases, the ionization current and the pressure that prevails in the plasma chamber 20 are controlled so that the second doping passes through the oxide layer 40 at the level of the small thickness, but not at the level of the thick layer of the oxide layer 40.
- the control of the mentioned parameters makes it possible to obtain a depth of penetration of the second doping greater than the second thickness of the oxide layer 40, but less than the first thickness of the oxide layer 40.
- the second doping is therefore:
- the silicon wafer presents first doped portions 11 during the first doping, and second portions 12 doped during the second doping, which are separated by third undoped portions.
- the method described above makes it possible to obtain a second doping self aligned with the first doping, without any overlap or overlap of the doped portions.
- the method according to the invention may then comprise a step consisting in removing the oxide layer 40.
- This operation may for example be carried out by chemical deoxidation by means of, for example, immersion in a hydrofluoric acid bath (the layer oxide 40 is totally dissolved during the passage in the bath).
- This passage bath is simple to achieve, cat just let soak the silicon wafer beyond a minimum time of complete dissolution, while ensuring that the acid concentration is sufficient. A simple dripping and drying is then sufficient before proceeding to a later stage of the manufacturing process.
- an activation annealing of the second doping can be achieved in temperature.
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to dissociate the two activation annealing steps, so that the temperatures chosen will be perfectly adapted to each doping species to be activated.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention consists in performing the first doping with a first chemical species which requires a first activation annealing at a first temperature, and in performing the second doping with a second chemical species which requires a second annealing of activation at a second temperature, lower than the first temperature.
- This implementation makes it possible, during the first annealing, to benefit from the highest temperature in order to have a rapid oxide formation, and during the second activation annealing, not to influence the activation of the first doped parts because their temperature activation is not reached.
- An example of a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell is given below:
- the silicon wafer can be annealed at about 950 ° C, and during this annealing exposure of the 17-minute silicon wafer to oxygen will cause the growth of an oxide layer of about 10 nm. on the undoped portion of the silicon wafer, according to the equations and constants taken from a BE Deal publication "Semiconductor materials and process technology handbook: for very large scale integration (VLSI) and ultra large scale integration (ULSI)" / edited by Gary E. McGuire. (pp 48-57).
- the oxide layer on the doped portions will be about 20 to 30 nm.
- Step 2 na doping the rear face can be performed by plasma immersion, with a voltage applied to the silicon wafer of 1 kV to 20kV, a pressure in the chamber comprised between 10 "2 and 10" 7 millibar and an ionization current of 200mA to cross the 10 nm of the oxide layer to the right of undoped portions during 1 doping, and not through the 20 to 30 nm of the oxide layer to the right of the parties doped at 1 doping.
- the thickness measurements of the SiO 2 oxide layer can be carried out in ellipsometry, or by SIMS analysis, the latter method also being able to obtain the depth of penetration of the doping.
- an electrical conductivity measurement will make it possible to verify that the second doping has reached the silicon wafer through the oxide layer, and that There is indeed an undoped area between the first doped portions and the second doped portions, which is the purpose of the present invention.
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/777,798 US20160204299A1 (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2014-03-20 | Method for doping silicon sheets |
| CN201480017013.8A CN105580110A (zh) | 2013-03-20 | 2014-03-20 | 掺杂硅片的方法 |
| KR1020157027263A KR20150133739A (ko) | 2013-03-20 | 2014-03-20 | 실리콘 웨이퍼 도핑 방법 |
| JP2016503664A JP2016520996A (ja) | 2013-03-20 | 2014-03-20 | シリコンウェーハーのドーピング方法 |
| EP14711268.4A EP2976782A1 (fr) | 2013-03-20 | 2014-03-20 | Procede de dopage de plaques de silicium |
| US16/249,130 US20190164761A1 (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2019-01-16 | Method for doping silicon sheets |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1300650A FR3003687B1 (fr) | 2013-03-20 | 2013-03-20 | Procede de dopage de plaques de silicium |
| FR1300650 | 2013-03-20 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/777,798 A-371-Of-International US20160204299A1 (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2014-03-20 | Method for doping silicon sheets |
| US16/249,130 Division US20190164761A1 (en) | 2013-03-20 | 2019-01-16 | Method for doping silicon sheets |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014147185A1 true WO2014147185A1 (fr) | 2014-09-25 |
Family
ID=48692556
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/055621 Ceased WO2014147185A1 (fr) | 2013-03-20 | 2014-03-20 | Procede de dopage de plaques de silicium |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20160204299A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2976782A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2016520996A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20150133739A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN105580110A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3003687B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014147185A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017022379A (ja) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-26 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | 太陽電池及びその製造方法 |
| CN110190153A (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 江苏顺风光电科技有限公司 | 高效选择性发射极太阳能电池扩散工艺 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2321772A1 (fr) * | 1975-08-22 | 1977-03-18 | Siemens Ag | Procede pour fabriquer un circuit integre comportant un transistor a effet de champ a jonction et un transistor a effet de champ mis complementaire |
| US4131488A (en) * | 1975-12-31 | 1978-12-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Method of semiconductor solar energy device fabrication |
| JPS59155164A (ja) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-09-04 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| US4729964A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1988-03-08 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of forming twin doped regions of the same depth by high energy implant |
| US5037767A (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1991-08-06 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device by ion implantation through an ion-sensitive resist |
| WO2012168575A2 (fr) | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-13 | Ion Beam Services | Machine d'implantation ionique en mode immersion plasma pour procédé basse pression |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7402448B2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2008-07-22 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Photovoltaic cell and production thereof |
| US7517709B1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-04-14 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method of forming backside point contact structures for silicon solar cells |
| US20090227095A1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-10 | Nicholas Bateman | Counterdoping for solar cells |
| EP2319087A1 (fr) * | 2008-06-11 | 2011-05-11 | Solar Implant Technologies Inc. | Fabrication de cellule solaire avec facettage et implantation ionique |
| KR101145928B1 (ko) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-05-15 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 태양 전지 및 태양 전지의 제조 방법 |
| US9076914B2 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2015-07-07 | Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. | Techniques for processing a substrate |
| JP2011233656A (ja) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-17 | Sharp Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| KR101724005B1 (ko) * | 2011-04-29 | 2017-04-07 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 태양전지와 그 제조 방법 |
| JP5933198B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-30 | 2016-06-08 | 株式会社アルバック | 結晶太陽電池の製造方法 |
| US8697559B2 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2014-04-15 | Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. | Use of ion beam tails to manufacture a workpiece |
-
2013
- 2013-03-20 FR FR1300650A patent/FR3003687B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-03-20 CN CN201480017013.8A patent/CN105580110A/zh active Pending
- 2014-03-20 WO PCT/EP2014/055621 patent/WO2014147185A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-03-20 EP EP14711268.4A patent/EP2976782A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-20 US US14/777,798 patent/US20160204299A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-03-20 KR KR1020157027263A patent/KR20150133739A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-20 JP JP2016503664A patent/JP2016520996A/ja active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-01-16 US US16/249,130 patent/US20190164761A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2321772A1 (fr) * | 1975-08-22 | 1977-03-18 | Siemens Ag | Procede pour fabriquer un circuit integre comportant un transistor a effet de champ a jonction et un transistor a effet de champ mis complementaire |
| US4131488A (en) * | 1975-12-31 | 1978-12-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Method of semiconductor solar energy device fabrication |
| JPS59155164A (ja) * | 1983-02-24 | 1984-09-04 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| US5037767A (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1991-08-06 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device by ion implantation through an ion-sensitive resist |
| US4729964A (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1988-03-08 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of forming twin doped regions of the same depth by high energy implant |
| WO2012168575A2 (fr) | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-13 | Ion Beam Services | Machine d'implantation ionique en mode immersion plasma pour procédé basse pression |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| B. E. DEAL: "Semiconductor materials and process technology handbook : for very large scale integration (VLSI) and ultra large scale integration (ULSI", pages: 48 - 57 |
| BIERMANN, E.: "Silicon Oxidation Rate Dependence on Dopant Pile-up", SOLID STATE DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE, 1989, pages 49,52 |
| See also references of EP2976782A1 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017022379A (ja) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-26 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | 太陽電池及びその製造方法 |
| JP2019068108A (ja) * | 2015-07-07 | 2019-04-25 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | 太陽電池及びその製造方法 |
| CN110190153A (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 江苏顺风光电科技有限公司 | 高效选择性发射极太阳能电池扩散工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105580110A (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
| FR3003687B1 (fr) | 2015-07-17 |
| JP2016520996A (ja) | 2016-07-14 |
| US20160204299A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
| US20190164761A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
| EP2976782A1 (fr) | 2016-01-27 |
| FR3003687A1 (fr) | 2014-09-26 |
| KR20150133739A (ko) | 2015-11-30 |
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