WO2014154233A1 - Boîte de jonction pour le raccordement électrique d'une pluralité de générateurs photovoltaïques et installation de production d'énergie photovoltaïque - Google Patents

Boîte de jonction pour le raccordement électrique d'une pluralité de générateurs photovoltaïques et installation de production d'énergie photovoltaïque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014154233A1
WO2014154233A1 PCT/EP2013/056196 EP2013056196W WO2014154233A1 WO 2014154233 A1 WO2014154233 A1 WO 2014154233A1 EP 2013056196 W EP2013056196 W EP 2013056196W WO 2014154233 A1 WO2014154233 A1 WO 2014154233A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuse
photovoltaic
power generation
inverter
output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2013/056196
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ferdinand Wikullil
Thomas HATTERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMA Solar Technology AG
Original Assignee
SMA Solar Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMA Solar Technology AG filed Critical SMA Solar Technology AG
Priority to PCT/EP2013/056196 priority Critical patent/WO2014154233A1/fr
Publication of WO2014154233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014154233A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for DC applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to reversal of direct current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • Collection box for electrically connecting a plurality of photovoltaic generators and photovoltaic power generation plant
  • the present invention relates to a collection box for a plurality of photovoltaic generators, as well as a photovoltaic power generation plant.
  • solar modules are regularly connected in series to form so-called strings.
  • a large number of strings are still connected in parallel to provide a high output power plant.
  • the parallel-connected strings are electrically connected to a DC input of an inverter, which is electrically connected via its AC output to a power grid and so feeds the electrical power generated by the solar modules in the power grid. Since the solar modules connected in the strings are distributed over a large area, the direct electrical connection of each individual string with the inverter would entail an undesirably high cabling expenditure. Therefore, it is common in photovoltaic power generation systems from a certain power class, the DC output lines of the individual strings first in a collection box to switch in parallel with each other, then electrically connect them via a common bus to the inverter.
  • Previously known collection boxes here have an input fuse for each input terminal to which a string can be connected, hereinafter also called string fuse, which protects the reverse current case, ie the case in which the current direction for the affected string is opposite to the current direction of the normal feed-in operation reverses and takes unauthorized high values for the string.
  • string fuse should trigger and protect the string and / or the leads from being damaged.
  • a design ratio of 100% is used, whereby the design ratio indicates the ratio between maximum generator power and maximum inverter power.
  • the highest possible short-circuit current is only slightly, for example, by 20%, above the rated current at maximum generator power. Therefore, the sizing of the current carrying capacity of the bus can be based on the rated current (plus a safety impact), whereby the maximum short-circuit current does not overload the bus.
  • the design ratio of a photovoltaic power generation plant is chosen well above 100%, for example between 150% and 200% or even higher.
  • the choice of a design ratio of more than 100% is increasingly considered in practice, because low module prices make such an energy production system that is so oversized in terms of peak output at maximum solar irradiation economical.
  • the current-carrying capacity of the prior art bus must be selected taking into account the maximum short-circuit current of all strings connected via this bus, this maximum short-circuit current flowing only in the event of a fault.
  • a one-sided, exchange hchter workede hedge as in the prior art is not sufficient for dimensioning the manifold based on the rated current, as in the case of a short circuit along the course of the manifold, the inverter-side fuse indeed triggers, but the short-circuit current of the strings connected via the bus continues to flow and the collecting line is overloaded.
  • the string fuses assigned to the strings do not trigger in such a case.
  • a collection box for a plurality of photovoltaic generators in particular as part of a power generation plant, comprises a plurality of input terminals for electrically connecting the photovoltaic generators, each input terminal being electrically connected to a common collection point via an associated input fuse.
  • the collection point is electrically connected to an output terminal for electrically connecting a bus to transmit the electrical power of the photovoltaic generators to an inverter.
  • an output fuse is arranged. This ensures that in the case of a short circuit that occurs on the side facing away from the collection point of the output fuse, can not lead to current values through the output terminal, which exceeds the maximum current carrying capacity of a connected there manifold.
  • Such exceeding may occur, in particular, in the case where the sum of the short-circuit currents of all the photovoltaic generators connected to the input terminals of the collection boxes is the nominal current, ie the current value occurs in normal operation of the power plant at full sunshine at this point, significantly exceeds, for example, by 50% or even by 100% or more. This is the case in particular in power generation plants whose design ratio exceeds a value of 100%.
  • the output fuse comprises a fuse, whereby other forms of fuse are not excluded.
  • a disconnect switch can be provided at the input terminals in order to be able to selectively disconnect the photovoltaic generators connected here from the collecting box and thus from the inverter.
  • the disconnectors can be controlled directly from the inverter, for example.
  • the tripping current of the output fuse is selected so that the output fuse triggers before a bus connected to the output terminal overloaded by a high current and can be damaged. This is ensured if the tripping current of the output fuse is chosen to be less than a maximum current carrying capacity of the busbar.
  • the output fuse can be monitored by means of a signal generation unit that is configured such that it generates an error signal in the event of triggering the output fuse, which can be passed on to a higher-level monitoring unit.
  • a signal generation unit that is configured such that it generates an error signal in the event of triggering the output fuse, which can be passed on to a higher-level monitoring unit.
  • the monitoring unit which may in particular also be part of an inverter, can immediately initiate suitable safety measures for this case, for example open the aforementioned disconnectors.
  • a photovoltaic power generation plant comprises a prescribed collection box, to the input terminals of which a plurality of photovoltaic generators are electrically connected, and an inverter for converting and feeding the electric power generated by the photovoltaic generators into an energy network, wherein the inverter electrically connects to an output terminal of the collection box via a bus connected is.
  • the collecting line is provided on the inverter side with an inverter fuse and collecting box side with an output fuse, in particular with a fuse.
  • the output fuse can be integrated into the collection box, but in principle also be arranged outside the collection box.
  • a release threshold of the output fuse is selected such that the output fuse triggers in the event of a short circuit in the course of the manifold.
  • the tripping threshold of the output fuse is chosen smaller than a maximum current carrying capacity of the bus, so that an overload of the bus is excluded.
  • a tripping current of the output fuse is preferably selected to be greater than a tripping current of the inverter fuse. This ensures that a short circuit between the inverter fuse and the inverter will trigger the inverter fuse and not trigger the output fuse.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation plant according to the invention with a collecting box according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation plant according to the invention with a hierarchical arrangement of collecting boxes according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a collecting box according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a photovoltaic power generation plant 1 according to the prior art.
  • a A plurality of photovoltaic generators 100 are connected to input terminals 110 of a collection box 150. Within the collection box 150, the individual input terminals 1 10 are each protected with an associated input fuse 120 and are electrically connected to one another and to an output terminal 130 on the side of the input fuses 120 facing away from the input terminal 1 10. Thus, the individual currents generated by the photovoltaic generators 100 are combined and provided as a summation current via the output terminal 130.
  • the triggering thresholds of the input fuses 120 are selected such that a maximum short-circuit current of the photovoltaic generator 100 connected via the individual input fuse 120 does not yet trigger them.
  • a so-called reverse current event occurs, for example in the event that a single photovoltaic generator 100 has a short circuit between its connecting lines or one of the connection lines and a reference potential, in particular ground potential, then a current opposite to the normal current direction flows through the input fuse 120, which maximum short-circuit current of the individual photovoltaic generator 100 exceeds.
  • the triggering threshold is chosen so that it is exceeded in this case, so that the input fuse 120 triggers and protects the affected photovoltaic generator 100 and its supply line from overloading.
  • a bus 140 is further connected, which connects the collection box 150 via an inverter fuse 170 with a DC input 160 of the inverter 180.
  • further collection boxes 150 are connected via further bus lines 140 and further associated inverter fuses 170, whereby the inverter 180 is connected to all photovoltaic generators 100 of the photovoltaic power generation system 1.
  • the DC power provided by the photovoltaic generators 100 is converted by the inverter 180 into power in the form of AC voltage and fed to a power grid 190.
  • FIG. 2 schematic structure of a photovoltaic power generation plant 2 according to the invention differs from the structure of the photovoltaic power generation plant 1 according to the prior art of Figure 1 by the inventive collection box 250.
  • This has input terminals 210 for connection of photovoltaic generators 100, which together via input fuses 220 are connected at a collection point 222.
  • the collection point 222 is connected to the output terminal 230 via an additional output fuse 225.
  • a bus 140 is connected to the output terminal 230, which connects the collection box 250 via an inverter fuse 170 with a DC input 160 of the inverter 180.
  • Further collection boxes 250 are also connected to the inverter 180 via further bus lines 140 and further associated inverter fuses 170.
  • the output fuse 225 has a tripping threshold that is selected smaller than a maximum current carrying capacity of the bus 140.
  • the triggering threshold can be chosen so that it corresponds to a maximum expected rated current of all connected to the collection box 250 photovoltaic generators 100 plus a safety surcharge.
  • the safety surcharge can be, for example, 20% of the rated current.
  • the trigger threshold of the output fuse 225 and the current carrying capacity of the manifold 140 can be selected significantly lower than a possible short-circuit total current of all connected to the collection box 250 photovoltaic generators 100.
  • FIG. 3 expands the electrical connection concept of a power generation plant 2 according to FIG. 2 by a hierarchical arrangement of collecting boxes.
  • photovoltaic generators 100 are combined in groups by means of collection boxes 250. Their summation current is forwarded via collection lines 140 to a second hierarchical level of collection boxes 350, in which the summation streams of a plurality of collection boxes 250 of the first hierarchical level are combined into a summation stream of the second level, which in turn via a further connection line 340 and an inverter 170 backup to a DC input 160 of the inverter 180 are transmitted.
  • Both the collection boxes 250 of the first hierarchical level and the collection boxes 350 of the second hierarchical level are provided with output fuses 225 at the output terminals 230.
  • the triggering thresholds of the output fuses 225 of the individual hierarchical levels are individually selected on the basis of the respective maximum expected rated current, as well as the maximum current carrying capacity of the busbars 140 between the first and second hierarchical levels or the maximum current carrying capacity of the busbar 340 to the DC input 160 of the inverter 180.
  • the safety margin for the tripping thresholds of the output fuses 225 of the individual hierarchical levels is advantageously selected to be lower than the safety premium for the maximum current-carrying capacity of the corresponding bus line, in order reliably to preclude an overload of the collecting line.
  • the output fuse 225 with a signal generation unit 460 which monitors the output fuse 225 and in the case of FIG Trigger generates an associated error signal 440.
  • the error signal 440 can be transmitted, for example, by cable or wirelessly to a higher-level monitoring unit (not shown). It is also conceivable that the error signal 460 includes an optical signal that allows the identification of the triggered fuse in a simple manner.
  • FIG. 4 further shows that the signal generation unit 460 can be integrated in the collection box 250 and monitors the assigned output fuse 225 with the aid of a monitoring of a voltage drop across the fuse.
  • the actuation of the disconnect switches 470 may be remotely controlled by a higher level monitoring unit, e.g. the inverter, or automatically based on signals, for example, controlled by sensor signals such as current or voltage signals across or between the bus lines or by control signals such as the error signal 440.
  • the collecting lines 140, 340 are respectively secured at both ends by associated fuses against the case that a short circuit occurs along the path of the collecting lines 140, 340.
  • the fuses are formed by the output fuses 225 of the collection boxes 250 and the input fuses 220 of the collection boxes 350, respectively.
  • the bus lines 340 between the second hierarchical level collection boxes 350 and the DC input 160 of the inverter 180 are formed by the output fuses 225 of the collection boxes 350 and the inverter fuses 170.
  • the short-circuit case is ensured as in the prior art.
  • the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but can be modified in many ways and expertly supplemented.
  • it is possible to carry out the features mentioned in other than the above combinations, and to supplement other prior art procedures or components, with the aim of cost-effective and reliable protection of the entire electrical connection system of a power plant between the photovoltaic generators and the inverter against damage short circuit at low cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une boîte de jonction (250, 350) destinée à une pluralité de générateurs photovoltaïques (100), qui comprend une pluralité de bornes d'entrée (210) permettant le raccordement électrique des générateurs photovoltaïques (100), chaque borne d'entrée (210) étant reliée électriquement à un point de jonction (222) par l'intermédiaire d'un fusible d'entrée (220) associé, et le point de jonction (222) étant relié électriquement à une borne de sortie (230) permettant le raccordement électrique d'une ligne de jonction (140, 340) destinée à acheminer la puissance électrique générée par les générateurs photovoltaïques (100) vers un onduleur (180). Un fusible de sortie (225) est placé dans la liaison entre la borne de sortie (230) et le point de jonction (222). La boîte de jonction (250, 350) peut faire partie d'une installation de production d'énergie photovoltaïque.
PCT/EP2013/056196 2013-03-25 2013-03-25 Boîte de jonction pour le raccordement électrique d'une pluralité de générateurs photovoltaïques et installation de production d'énergie photovoltaïque Ceased WO2014154233A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/056196 WO2014154233A1 (fr) 2013-03-25 2013-03-25 Boîte de jonction pour le raccordement électrique d'une pluralité de générateurs photovoltaïques et installation de production d'énergie photovoltaïque

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/056196 WO2014154233A1 (fr) 2013-03-25 2013-03-25 Boîte de jonction pour le raccordement électrique d'une pluralité de générateurs photovoltaïques et installation de production d'énergie photovoltaïque

Publications (1)

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WO2014154233A1 true WO2014154233A1 (fr) 2014-10-02

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PCT/EP2013/056196 Ceased WO2014154233A1 (fr) 2013-03-25 2013-03-25 Boîte de jonction pour le raccordement électrique d'une pluralité de générateurs photovoltaïques et installation de production d'énergie photovoltaïque

Country Status (1)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116227100A (zh) * 2023-02-28 2023-06-06 上海电力设计院有限公司 基于计算机的光伏场低压电缆布设规划方法
CN116937703A (zh) * 2023-06-26 2023-10-24 广东省中芯源新能源有限公司 一种光伏电源的功率输出管控系统及其方法
WO2024108709A1 (fr) * 2022-11-22 2024-05-30 阳光电源股份有限公司 Module de câblage, boîtier de combinateur et convertisseur
WO2026086034A1 (fr) * 2024-10-21 2026-04-30 阳光电源股份有限公司 Système énergétique, procédé de commande associé, appareil de conversion de puissance et boîte de combinateur

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001068706A (ja) * 1999-08-25 2001-03-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 太陽電池装置
US20100295377A1 (en) * 2009-05-20 2010-11-25 General Electric Company Power generator distributed inverter
EP2315328A2 (fr) * 2009-10-20 2011-04-27 Eaton Corporation Chaîne et système employant des modules de génération électrique de courant continu et nombre de protecteurs de chaînes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001068706A (ja) * 1999-08-25 2001-03-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 太陽電池装置
US20100295377A1 (en) * 2009-05-20 2010-11-25 General Electric Company Power generator distributed inverter
EP2315328A2 (fr) * 2009-10-20 2011-04-27 Eaton Corporation Chaîne et système employant des modules de génération électrique de courant continu et nombre de protecteurs de chaînes

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz - EEG", 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/eeg_2012_bf.pdf, XP055061841, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/eeg_2012_bf.pdf> [retrieved on 20130503] *
ERIC EVERY: "Fuse Servicing Disconnects for DC Combiners", 31 October 2012 (2012-10-31), XP055061677, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.solren.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Fuse-Servicing-for-discos-for-DC-combiners.pdf> [retrieved on 20130502] *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024108709A1 (fr) * 2022-11-22 2024-05-30 阳光电源股份有限公司 Module de câblage, boîtier de combinateur et convertisseur
CN116227100A (zh) * 2023-02-28 2023-06-06 上海电力设计院有限公司 基于计算机的光伏场低压电缆布设规划方法
CN116937703A (zh) * 2023-06-26 2023-10-24 广东省中芯源新能源有限公司 一种光伏电源的功率输出管控系统及其方法
CN116937703B (zh) * 2023-06-26 2024-02-02 广东省中芯源新能源有限公司 一种光伏电源的功率输出管控系统及其方法
WO2026086034A1 (fr) * 2024-10-21 2026-04-30 阳光电源股份有限公司 Système énergétique, procédé de commande associé, appareil de conversion de puissance et boîte de combinateur

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