WO2014180766A1 - Projectile, notamment à lancer à la main - Google Patents

Projectile, notamment à lancer à la main Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014180766A1
WO2014180766A1 PCT/EP2014/059059 EP2014059059W WO2014180766A1 WO 2014180766 A1 WO2014180766 A1 WO 2014180766A1 EP 2014059059 W EP2014059059 W EP 2014059059W WO 2014180766 A1 WO2014180766 A1 WO 2014180766A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
interior
pressure
housing part
solution gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/059059
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Birgit Schwarz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALARM ACTIVE DEFENCE Ltd
Original Assignee
ALARM ACTIVE DEFENCE Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ALARM ACTIVE DEFENCE Ltd filed Critical ALARM ACTIVE DEFENCE Ltd
Publication of WO2014180766A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014180766A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances

Definitions

  • DESCRIPTION projectile in particular hand-throwing body
  • the invention relates to a throwing body, in particular a hand-throwing body, for distributing irritants or warfare agents.
  • WO 2010/025925 A1 discloses a device for distributing irritants or warfare agents with a container for providing a stimulant or warfare agent which is present in a solution gas which is in the gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure or ambient pressure in the liquid aggregate. state is solved or emulsified.
  • the container has a predetermined breaking point, which generates an opening of the interior to the environment of the container at a predetermined bursting pressure in the interior, and a pressure generating device which can generate in the interior of the container an increased pressure which is greater than the bursting pressure of the predetermined breaking point. Due to the increase in pressure in the container, the predetermined breaking point is brought to burst, so that very quickly creates a predefined opening of the container to its environment.
  • the prepared in the container solution or emulsion of stimulants or warfare agents is abruptly discharged when bursting the breaking point from the resulting opening; while the solution gas evaporates and expands abruptly and causes a large discharge and a finest distribution of irritants or warfare agents in the ambient air.
  • the energy required for the evaporation removes the liquid solution gas of the ambient air.
  • the stimulants or warfare agents mixed with it are forcibly torn apart with the elimination or prevention of the surface tensions or crystal structures together with the molecules of the gas. The expansion of the solution gas thus achieves a very fine distribution of irritants or warfare agents below the droplet size or crystal formation in the ambient air.
  • the projectile of the invention comprises a housing for receiving a stimulant and a solvent gas in its liquid state, the solution gas being in the gaseous state at ambient or room temperature and ambient or atmospheric pressure.
  • the housing has an opening portion which opens upon reaching a predetermined bursting pressure in the interior of the housing, and the throwing body further comprises a pressure generating means which is designed to generate an increased pressure inside the housing, which is greater than the predetermined bursting pressure of the opening portion.
  • the throwing body also has a further housing part with a further inner space, which adjoins the housing in the region of the opening section, so that it is fluidically connected to the interior of the housing when the opening section is open, wherein the further housing part has at least two outflow openings with different outflow directions.
  • the irritant or warfare agent - similar to the device known from WO 2010/025925 A1 - is discharged from the housing by an evaporating and expanding solution gas, when the opening portion opens due to an increase in pressure inside the housing.
  • the projectile of the invention can therefore be compared to conventional systems in which the stimulants or warfare agents are discharged with a spray, easily achieve an effective Feinst- distribution of irritant or warfare agent.
  • the inventively provided further housing part serves to reduce or neutralize a recoil when discharging the irritant or warfare agent into the environment of the throwing body. While the irritant or fighting substances with the liquefied gas flow out through the opening portion of the housing in one direction (which would cause a corresponding recoil force), the irritants or warfare agents with the liquefied gas in the projectile according to the invention with the help of the further housing part by at least two Outlet openings discharged in different outflow directions. Due to the different outflow directions, the repulsion forces that arise in this discharge at the outflow openings due to the outflowing gas at least partially cancel, so that an overall reduced repulsion force acts on the projectile. The danger of an undesirably accelerated projectile for the environment can be reduced. In the best case, the recoil forces can even be completely neutralized.
  • the throwing body is also characterized by a very simple and compact design. In particular, no special outlet nozzles are required. Due to the increase in pressure inside the housing, the opening section of the housing is opened very quickly, so that in fractions of seconds the maximum release quantity of the solution gas mixture can be released immediately. The delivery times of the stimulants or warfare agents are greatly reduced, which increases the efficiency of the stimulants or warfare agents, since the desired irritant concentration in the ambient air is built up immediately. Thus, with the projectile according to the invention can be reacted very quickly and effectively to a threat.
  • the device is also very robust and contains no sensitive or complicated components and is therefore less susceptible to interference.
  • the opening Section can be compared to a valve or an outlet nozzle relatively simple and at the same time reliably constructed.
  • the pressure increase in the interior of the housing which leads to the opening of the opening section, is used at the same time by increasing the pressure of the solution gas above its evaporation pressure to achieve larger casting distances for the stimulants or warfare agents.
  • Next contains the throwing body of the invention in addition to a closed filling opening no valves or the like to discharge its contents.
  • the body of the projectile is completely and safely closed; only at an actuation of the projectile or its pressure generating device of the opening portion is opened, through which then the solution gas can escape with the irritants or warfare agents. An unwanted leakage of stimulants or warfare agents and also the solution gas from the housing can be safely prevented.
  • a "throwing body” is to be understood as meaning an object which can be moved in any way and positioned freely, ie without being held in.
  • the throwing body can preferably be thrown by hand (hand-throwing body), but the throwing body can also be positioned
  • the projectile according to the invention is particularly advantageous in its application as such a projectile, but it can also be held firmly / fixed or mounted on another object and on used this way.
  • housing is to be understood in this context as any type of structural device which is suitable for fluid-tightly accommodating both a stimulant or a warfare agent and a solution gas in its liquid state of aggregation or closable internal spaces in which either a stimulant or a warfare agent dissolved or emulsified in a liquid solution gas, only a solution gas or only a stimulant or a warfare agent can be taken in.
  • the housing or its interiors must be provided for this purpose. special - depending on the used irritant or warfare agent and the solution gas used - be chemically resistant and pressure stable. Depending on the application, the housing or its interiors must also be thermally resistant and pressure-stable over a larger temperature range.
  • the housing preferably consists essentially of a metallic material, preferably aluminum, duralumin or (noble) steel.
  • solution gases are pressure- or cold-liquefied gases which, in their liquid state of aggregation, can serve as solvents or emulsion carriers for irritants or warfare agents at about 22 ⁇ 5 ° C, preferably at 0 ° C or below, depending on the application) and atmospheric pressure in the gaseous state and, moreover, it should preferably have a vaporization temperature which is so low compared to the ambient temperature
  • Propellants or refrigerants may preferably be used as the solution gases
  • the refrigerant R 413 A tetrafluoroethane
  • the pressure at which the solution gas is stored in the housing is as desired Purpose so to choose high, that the solution gas is present in the entire, expected temperature range in its liquid state. For R 413 A, this means, for example, that for a required temperature range of up to 85 ° C, a pressure of at least about 30 bar must be selected.
  • “Irritants” are substances that cause irritation to humans or animals in certain dosages without causing lasting damage to health, provided they are dosed correctly, the irritant effect being dependent on the concentration and type of irritant used In particular irritants that act mainly through the skin, in particular the mucous membrane, and the respiratory system, without being limited to this type of irritants, irrespective of whether the irritants concerned are synthetic substances (for example CS) or naturally occurring substances (for example OC) or a combination of synthetic substances Substances and natural products. Whether or not an 'irritant' is also a 'warfare agent' depends on the Chemical Weapons Convention on whether the chemical effect of the substance can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent damage to humans or animals.
  • the housing has a, preferably exactly one opening portion.
  • an "opening section” releases an opening of a predetermined size by deforming and / or destroying the material.
  • the opening section is preferably formed by predetermined breaking points, for example as a material weakening or material change of the housing wall, or through one in one
  • the rupture disk is adhesively bonded, welded, screwed or otherwise tightly sealed in the opening of the housing wall, for example,
  • the "opening" of the opening portion preferably caused by a "rupture” of predetermined breaking points or a rupture disk, is a process in which the opening portion opens at the structurally defined (bursting) pressure inside the housing by deformation of the material and / or destruction of material
  • a structural device can be understood which can be fixedly (permanently or detachably) connected to the housing (preferably by a threaded connection, screwing, pressing, welding, soldering, gluing, etc.) and which is suitable from the open position Redirect opening portion of the housing escaping Eisengas- mixture.
  • the further housing part preferably consists essentially of a metallic material, preferably aluminum, duralumin or (noble) steel.
  • the further housing part is preferably made of the same material as the housing.
  • the further housing part has at least two outflow openings, preferably a larger number of outflow openings.
  • the further housing part has at least four, at least eight, at least twelve, at least sixteen or more outflow openings.
  • the at least two outflow openings of the further housing part define different outflow directions.
  • the term "outflow direction" defines a main or average flow direction of the outflowing solution gas mixture, the greater the differences between the outflow directions, the greater the effect with regard to a reduction or neutralization of the recoil forces.
  • the invention also relates to a (hand) projectile described above, in whose housing a stimulant or warfare agent and a solution gas are added in its liquid state of aggregation.
  • the at least two outflow openings of the further housing part are arranged distributed substantially uniformly along a circumferential direction of the further housing part.
  • the outflow openings are arranged at substantially equal angular distances from each other.
  • the at least two outflow openings of the further housing part have substantially equal opening cross-sections. In this way it can be achieved that in each case substantially the same amount of the solution gas mixture flows through the different outflow openings.
  • the outflow openings are also preferably provided at substantially equal distances from the opening portion of the housing.
  • a sum of the opening cross sections of all outflow openings of the further housing part can be substantially as large as the opening cross section of the open opening section of the housing or smaller than or larger than this.
  • the housing and the further housing part are both configured substantially cylindrical, wherein the further housing part is arranged adjacent to an end face of the housing, wherein the opening portion is provided in this end face of the housing, and wherein the at least two outflow openings in a lateral surface of the further housing part are provided.
  • the opening portion is preferably designed substantially circular and arranged substantially concentric to the longitudinal axis of the housing.
  • the longitudinal axis of the further housing part preferably lies substantially on the longitudinal axis of the housing.
  • the outflow directions defined by the outflow openings of the further housing part are preferably oriented substantially radially to the longitudinal axis of the projectile or its housing.
  • the substantially cylindrical shape of the housing and the other housing part in this context has a base and a circumferential surface.
  • the base is arbitrarily shaped, preferably circular or (preferably regular) polygonal.
  • the lateral surface extends over a height, which may optionally be equal to, larger or smaller than the maximum extent (e.g., diagonal) of the base.
  • the lateral surface, starting from the base surface preferably extends substantially rectilinearly or one or more times, convexly or concavely.
  • the lateral surface, starting from the base surface preferably extends substantially perpendicularly, tapering conically or widening conically.
  • the housing has a common interior for receiving both the irritant or warfare agent and the solution gas in its liquid state.
  • a dissolved in the liquid solution gas or emulsified stimulant or warfare agent is provided in the common interior.
  • the housing has a first interior for receiving the solution gas in its liquid state and a second interior for receiving the stimulant or warfare agent, wherein a separation between the first interior and the second interior can be canceled.
  • the pressure-generating device is preferably initially designed and disposed to cancel the separation between the first interior and the second interior of the housing and then to generate the pressure increase up to the bursting pressure.
  • an opening device for canceling the separation between the first inner space and the second inner space of the housing is preferably provided before the pressure generating device is actuated.
  • the stimulus or warfare agent and the solution gas are received in two separate spaces in / on the housing and then both components are introduced into an interior of the housing to the desired solution or emulsion of irritant or warfare agent in the solution gas provide. The pressure increase by the pressure generating device then takes place in this interior of the housing.
  • the pressure generating device is designed and arranged so that it generates the pressure increase directly in the common or the first / second interior of the housing.
  • the pressure generating means is configured and arranged to act on a movable piston to produce the pressure increase in the common interior or the first / second interior of the housing by a volume reduction of the interior.
  • the pressure generating device has a pyrotechnic charge whose ignition causes the pressure increase inside the housing.
  • the pressure generating means comprises a delay fuze for igniting the pyro technical charge on.
  • the deceleration fuze is preferably a deceleration fuze, as is known to those skilled in grenades.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a projectile for distributing irritants or warfare agents according to a first embodiment of the
  • the hand-throwing body has a substantially cylindrical, tubular housing 10 with a central longitudinal axis 48.
  • the one end face 1 1 of the housing (left in Fig. 1) is formed closed, the other end face of the housing (right in Fig. 1) is closed by a housing cover 12 fluid-tight.
  • the housing 10 and the housing cover 12 are made of aluminum, duralumin or stainless steel, for example.
  • a common interior 14 is defined, in which both an irritant or warfare agent (eg CS) and a solution gas (eg R 413 A) in its liquid state (ie under a pressure of, for example, about 30 bar or more ) are / are recorded.
  • an irritant or warfare agent eg CS
  • a solution gas eg R 413 A
  • at least one filling opening 16 is provided for this purpose, which is closed in a fluid-tight manner after the filling process.
  • the housing cover 12 is firmly and fluid-tightly connected to the housing 10, for example by a circumferential Welding or soldering connection. The housing 10 is thus closed in a fluid-tight manner and, in particular, has no valves or the like potential leakage points.
  • the housing 10 has in its closed end 1 1 a so-called opening portion 20.
  • the opening portion 20 is configured substantially circular and aligned substantially concentric to the longitudinal axis 48 of the housing 10.
  • the opening portion 20 is formed by a substantially annular predetermined breaking point, for example in the form of a material weakening, notch or the like.
  • the opening portion 20 can be formed, for example, by a tight closing (gluing, welding or the like) of a predefined opening in the end face 1 1 of the housing 10, for example by a rupture disc.
  • the throwing body of the invention is preferably provided with just such an opening portion 20.
  • recoil neutralizer is provided in the projectile body of the invention which reduces or even neutralizes this recoil force.
  • This recoil neutralizer is formed by a further housing part 22, which is arranged adjacent to the closed end face 1 1 of the housing 10.
  • the further housing part 22 is shaped corresponding to the housing 10, ie in this case has a substantially cylindrical shape and is coaxially aligned with the housing 10.
  • the further housing part 22 is fixedly connected to the housing 10; This can be realized permanently or detachably, for example with a welded connection 26, as indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the further housing part 22 defines a further inner space 24 which adjoins the opening portion 20 of the housing 10 so that the solution gas mixture flows out of the common inner space 14 of the housing 10 into the further inner space 24 of the further housing part 22 when the opening portion 20 is open.
  • the at least two exhaust ports 28 are positioned in pairs opposite each other and have a substantially equal opening cross-section so that the recoil forces caused by the solution gas exiting therefrom at a still high pressure in the different Spaces are effected, if possible cancel.
  • the projectile remains in place despite the high pressure solution gas mixture flowing out.
  • the further housing part 22 has a larger number of outflow openings 28, which are distributed substantially uniformly, ie with substantially equal angular distances along the lateral surface.
  • the sum of the opening cross-sections of all outflow openings 28 is the amount and type of the respective solution gas mixture, the size of the opening portion 20 and adapted the deflected flow paths in the wider interior 24 of the other housing part 22.
  • the housing 10 has a diameter of about 60 mm and a length of about 100 mm, the opening portion 20 has a diameter of about 25 mm, and the total of eight outflow openings 28 each have a diameter of about 6mm.
  • the pressure in the common interior 14 of the housing 10 is significantly below the bursting pressure of the opening section 20.
  • the common interior 14 of the housing 10 is sealed by the housing cover 12.
  • a leakage of stimulants or warfare agents and the solution gas from the housing is avoided.
  • the projectile body is equipped with a pressure generating device which generates the increased pressure directly in the common interior 14.
  • the housing cover 12 has a housing recess 30 protruding into the interior 14.
  • This housing recess 30 is designed, for example, substantially cylindrical and aligned concentrically to the longitudinal axis 48 of the housing 10.
  • a pyrotechnic charge 32 (explosive, etc.) is received, which opens the housing recess 30 in the interior 14 in a detonation or ruptures and increases the pressure in the interior 14.
  • the pressure generating device further comprises an igniter 34.
  • This detonator 34 is preferably - as usual in hand grenades - designed as a delay fuze.
  • the delay fuze 34 is screwed in this embodiment in the housing recess 30 into it 36. Alternatively, it can also be pressed or plugged and fixed.
  • a detonator head 38 is set in a conventional manner, which triggers the detonator 34, for example with a firing pin or bolt and is secured, for example, with a split pin.
  • the igniter 34 Upon actuation of the igniter 34, the pyrotechnic charge 32 projecting into the common interior 14 of the housing 10 is first ignited.
  • the housing recess 30 tears open and explosion gas pressure, explosion heat and explosion shock wave are generated, which increase the pressure in the common interior 14 of the housing 10. If the internal pressure in the common interior 14 reaches the bursting pressure of the opening section 20, it opens and immediately generates the predefined opening in the end face 11 of the housing 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows a second embodiment of a projectile according to the invention for distributing irritants or warfare agents.
  • the housing 10 has a first inner space 40 and a second inner space 42, which are separated from one another by a partition wall 44.
  • the partition wall 44 is not limited to any specific shape, type and / or material selection, it may for example also be formed as a membrane.
  • the irritants or warfare agents may be in the first interior 40 optionally in powder form or dissolved in a liquefied gas or liquid.
  • a valve device 46 or a bursting device is provided in the partition wall 44 between the first inner space 40 and the second inner space 42 of the housing 10.
  • the housing recess 30 with the pyrotechnic charge 32 and the igniter 34 projects into the first interior space 40.
  • a pressure increase in the first inner space 40 is first generated.
  • the valve device 46 is opened between the first inner space 40 and the second inner space 42, so that the stimulants or warfare agents are injected under pressure into the solution gas in the second inner space 42.
  • the desired emulsion or solution of irritants or warfare agents in the solution gas in the second interior 42 of the housing 10 is formed by the further increasing pressure in the first interior 40 and thus also in the second interior 42, finally, the internal pressure in the housing 10 up increases the bursting pressure of the opening portion 20.
  • the leakage of the solution gas mixture through the open opening portion 20 and the outflow openings 28 of the further housing part 22 then takes place in the manner described above as in the first embodiment.
  • the first inner space 40 and the second inner space 42 of the housing 10 can also be used in the reverse manner. That the irritants or warfare agents are located in the second interior space 42 and the solution gas is filled into the first interior space 40 before the pressure generating device opens the valve device 46 in the partition wall 44 to provide the desired solution gas mixture in the housing 10.
  • the separation between the first inner space 40 and the second inner space 42 is not canceled by the pyrotechnic charge 32, but by a separate opening mechanism.
  • this opening mechanism Upon actuation of the throwing body, this opening mechanism initially establishes a connection between the two interior spaces 40, 42, so that the desired emulsion or solution of the stimulants or warfare agents can form in the solution gas before the pyrotechnic charge 32 increases the pressure in the interior spaces 40, 42 and thus causing bursting of the opening portion 20.
  • care must be taken that the solution gas, despite the volume expansion by the other interior 26 maintains its liquid state of aggregation, to ensure the subsequent finest distribution of irritants or warfare agents in the ambient air.
  • the throwing body of this embodiment differs from the first embodiment by the type of connection between the housing 10 and the other housing part 22.
  • the housing 10 in the region of its closed end face 1 1 with provided an external thread and the other housing part 22 is provided with an internal thread, so that the further housing part 22 can be screwed onto the housing 10 (26 ').
  • pressure generating devices can be used in modifications of these two embodiments, in order to generate the pressure increase in the common inner space 14 and first and second inner space 40, 42 of the housing 10.
  • additional fluid sources movable piston mechanisms, electrical systems, etc. may be employed.
  • the invention is not limited to a specific type of solution gas or to a special type of irritants or warfare agents.
  • the addition of additives for Austragungs- and distribution improvement is possible.
  • no restriction on special amounts and mixing ratios of the solution gas and the irritants or warfare agents and possibly the additives is provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un projectile (à lancer à main) qui comporte un boîtier (10) destiné à contenir une substance irritante ou de combat et un gaz solvant à l'état liquide, ledit gaz solvant se trouvant à l'état gazeux à la température ambiante et à la pression ambiante ou atmosphérique. Le boîtier (10) comporte une partie ouvrante (20) qui s'ouvre lorsqu'une pression d'éclatement prédéterminée est atteinte à l'intérieur du boîtier (10). Le boîtier comporte également un dispositif générateur de pression (32 à 34) qui est configuré de façon à générer à l'intérieur du boîtier (10) une pression élevée qui est supérieure à la pression d'éclatement prédéterminée de la partie ouvrante (20). En outre, une autre partie de boîtier (22) est munie d'un autre espace intérieur (24) qui est adjacent au boîtier (10) au niveau de la partie ouvrante (20) de sorte qu'elle est en liaison fluidique avec l'intérieur du boîtier (10) lorsque la partie ouvrante est ouverte. L'autre partie de boîtier (22) comporte au moins deux orifices d'évacuation (28) qui ont des sens d'évacuation différents. Cette autre partie de boîtier (22) sert à réduire ou neutraliser un recul lors de la décharge de la substance irritante ou de combat avec le gaz solvant qui s'évapore.
PCT/EP2014/059059 2013-05-06 2014-05-05 Projectile, notamment à lancer à la main Ceased WO2014180766A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201310007784 DE102013007784A1 (de) 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Wurfkörper, insbesondere Handwurfkörper
DE102013007784.2 2013-05-06

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014180766A1 true WO2014180766A1 (fr) 2014-11-13

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PCT/EP2014/059059 Ceased WO2014180766A1 (fr) 2013-05-06 2014-05-05 Projectile, notamment à lancer à la main

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WO (1) WO2014180766A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3460382A1 (fr) * 2017-09-26 2019-03-27 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Corps fumigène

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2079008A (en) * 1934-10-27 1937-05-04 Us Ordnance Engineers Inc Repeating candle
US2959127A (en) * 1956-02-16 1960-11-08 Fed Lab Inc Gas grenade
US6871594B1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2005-03-29 Randall P. Estrella Reusable paint grenade
WO2010025925A1 (fr) 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Draeger Karl-Heinz Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de substances irritantes ou d'agents de combat chimiques

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2079008A (en) * 1934-10-27 1937-05-04 Us Ordnance Engineers Inc Repeating candle
US2959127A (en) * 1956-02-16 1960-11-08 Fed Lab Inc Gas grenade
US6871594B1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2005-03-29 Randall P. Estrella Reusable paint grenade
WO2010025925A1 (fr) 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Draeger Karl-Heinz Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de substances irritantes ou d'agents de combat chimiques

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3460382A1 (fr) * 2017-09-26 2019-03-27 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Corps fumigène

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