WO2015018403A1 - Dispositif de détection du couple appliqué à un arbre - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection du couple appliqué à un arbre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015018403A1
WO2015018403A1 PCT/DE2014/200292 DE2014200292W WO2015018403A1 WO 2015018403 A1 WO2015018403 A1 WO 2015018403A1 DE 2014200292 W DE2014200292 W DE 2014200292W WO 2015018403 A1 WO2015018403 A1 WO 2015018403A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
conductor layer
layer
resonant circuit
structuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2014/200292
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Benkert
Steffen Hochgräber
Stefan GLÜCK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Publication of WO2015018403A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015018403A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
    • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
    • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
    • G01L3/106—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving electrostatic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
    • G01L1/142—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for detecting a torque introduced into a shaft.
  • Torque sensors are needed in many fields of technology. They serve to detect the actual load condition of mechanical parts, in particular rotating shafts, and thus enable a torque-optimized control of the power driving the shaft.
  • An essential field of application of the device according to the invention is the torque measurement in bottom brackets, especially for bicycles, pedelecs, e-bikes or ergometers.
  • prior art solutions use bottom bracket units with magnetic torque sensing sensors.
  • EP 1 026 492 A2 shows a torque sensor comprising an electrical oscillating circuit with a matching circuit with a converter, a surface acoustic wave component and an antenna.
  • the converter includes a capacitor having a first electrode connected to the shaft at a first attachment location and a second electrode connected to the shaft at a second attachment location with the attachment locations axially spaced apart.
  • the two electrodes are displaceable relative to each other, so that a torsion of the shaft by a torque causes a change in the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.
  • GB 2195183 A describes the detection of a torque in a shaft based on the distortions of a passive resonant circuit.
  • the resonant circuit is mounted on a shaft and has a resonant frequency, which varies as a function of the torque.
  • With the resonant circuit is a Circuit inductively coupled, which detects fluctuations in the resonant frequency.
  • DE 10 2009 027 997 A1 shows a measuring device for the telemetric evaluation of an electrical oscillating circuit having passive sensor, which can be used for example for measuring a pressure within an exhaust system of a motor vehicle.
  • the measuring device comprises at least one oscillation source, a coupling coil and a phase detector, wherein by means of the oscillation source in a reference branch an electrical reference oscillation and in a measuring branch an electrical measuring oscillation can be generated.
  • the coupling coil is arranged in the measuring branch and can be inductively coupled to a resonant circuit coil of the sensor.
  • the phase detector detects the reference oscillation and the measuring oscillation and determines the phase difference between the reference oscillation and the measuring oscillation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide, starting from GB 2195183 A, an improved device for detecting the torque introduced into a shaft, which is characterized by a simple structure, can be integrated with little effort on the shaft and requires a small space ,
  • the device according to the invention for detecting a torque introduced into a shaft comprises at least one passive electrical oscillating circuit arranged on the shaft with a resonant frequency which changes as a function of the torque and an evaluation unit fixed in relation to the shaft with a coil which is inductive with the resonant circuit. is actively coupled.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that at least one element of the passive electrical resonant circuit is realized as a multilayer coating on the shaft. Preferably implemented by several layers on the shaft all elements of the passive resonant circuit.
  • the solution proposed by the invention is not limited to the detection of torques.
  • variables such as force, bending moment and torque can be registered with a correspondingly constructed sensor, as long as they lead to an evaluable strain in the layer system.
  • inventive type of sensor d. H.
  • the structure of a passive electrical resonant circuit in a multilayer coating can also be used on planar machine elements and also stationary (not rotationally).
  • a significant advantage of the device according to the invention is that by implementing some or all of the components of the electrical resonant circuit as a multilayer coating, the resonant circuit serving as a sensor can be integrated with little effort on the shaft. For this purpose, only a corresponding coating process is required. The hitherto required effort for the wiring of the sensors is thereby preferably completely eliminated. There is no additional construction and connection technology required. As a result, work steps can be saved, for example, eliminates the contact, since the contact is already part of the multilayer coating structure. This type of realization also has the advantage that the handling is simplified, for example, there is no danger of tearing off cables or wires, which not least also increases the reliability of the measuring device.
  • the coating used for forming the passive electrical oscillating circuit comprises the following radially superimposed layers: a capacitive conductor layer having a structuring, a dielectric layer following the capacitive conductor layer, which partially also extends into cavities of the structuring the capacitive conductor layer extends and example example of titanium oxide, an inductive conductor layer having a structuring, an ohmic conductor layer and insulating layers, which are arranged between the conductor layers and on the shaft.
  • a radially extending contact for electrical contacting of the conductor layers is provided.
  • the insulating layers may for example consist of aluminum oxide or be formed as a plasma polymer layer. Insulation layers are required due to the stacked capacitive and inductive structures.
  • the conductor layers are preferably made of NiCr and have a structuring. It has proven to be useful for the capacitive conductor layer structuring in the form of running at 45 ° to the longitudinal direction of the shaft strip. For the inductive conductor layer has a structuring in the form of the axis of the shaft circumferential strip has proven. Of course, other suitable embodiments for the structuring of capacitive and inductive conductor layer are possible.
  • the inductive and / or the capacitive conductor layer are preferably designed such that the capacitance and / or inductance changes due to a mechanical force acting on the shaft.
  • the resonant frequency of electrical oscillating circuits changes, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the acting force or the torque acting on the shaft.
  • Sensotect coating of the applicant reference is made to the so-called Sensotect coating of the applicant.
  • the ohmic conductor layer may be a separate layer or be embodied as part of the capacitive or inductive conductor layer.
  • the coating has an additional Liehe layer with high permeability and low electrical conductivity, which is adjacent to the inductive conductor layer and separated therefrom by an insulating layer.
  • This additional layer which can be embodied, for example, as a ferrite layer, serves to guide the magne- netic flow and thus to optimize the inductive coupling.
  • radially expanding flux-conducting elements can be arranged axially on the inductive conductor layer.
  • each resonant circuit is inductively coupled to one coil of the evaluation unit.
  • the coil of the evaluation unit is part of a second resonant circuit of the evaluation unit.
  • the resonant circuit can be interpreted on the shaft as an additional reactance in the resonant circuit of the evaluation, the value of which is varied by the deformation of the machine element.
  • the resonant circuit of the evaluation unit is operated as an oscillator, its resonance frequency depends on the deformation of the shaft.
  • the output signal of the oscillator can, for example, be converted into a square wave signal in order to make an evaluation as simple as possible over the period duration, for example.
  • the resonant circuit on the shaft can also be understood as an additional impedance in the evaluation unit, whose value is varied by the deformation of the shaft. In this case, any method for determining an impedance can be used for the evaluation, for example a bridge circuit.
  • the device according to the invention can preferably be installed in a bottom bracket and serve there as an alternative to the hitherto conventional magnetoelastic devices.
  • FIG. 1 shows a shaft with a resonant circuit designed as a multilayer coating in a perspective view
  • Fig. 2 the shaft with the designed as a multilayer coating
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows the shaft 01 with the resonant circuit 02 in a perspective view, wherein the recognizability of the individual layers are shown partially in section
  • Fig. 2 shows the shaft 01 with the resonant circuit 02 in a structural cross-sectional view (was on the representation of the circumferential curvature omitted).
  • the shaft 01 which consists for example of a chromium-alloyed bearing steel, such as 100Cr6, first carries an insulating layer 03, which is designed for example as an aluminum oxide layer or as a plasma polymer layer.
  • the insulating layer 03 joins radially outwardly a capacitive conductor layer 04, which has a structuring 05 and consists for example of NiCr.
  • the structuring 05 of the capacitive conductor layer 04 can be embodied in the form of strips running at 45 ° to the longitudinal direction of the shaft 01.
  • the capacitive conductor layer 04 is followed by a dielectric layer 06, for example of titanium oxide, which partly also extends into cavities of the structuring 05.
  • the edges of the structuring 05 represent the capacitor plates, between which dielectric 06 is located.
  • the capacity is preferably formed as a comb structure. However, it is also possible a planar arrangement in any geometry. Under the influence of force, there is a change in the geometry of the capacitive conductor layer 04. Likewise, the permittivity of the dielectric layer 06 may change.
  • the dielectric layer 06 is followed by a further insulation layer 03a.
  • This further insulation layer 03a is followed by a layer of high permeability and low electrical conductivity 07, which is designed, for example, as a ferrite layer, such as NiFe 2 O 4 or ZnFe 2 O 4 .
  • the layer with high permeability and low electrical conductivity 07 is followed by a further insulation layer 03b, which is followed by an inductive conductor layer 08.
  • the inductive conductor layer 08 may consist of NiCr and has a structuring 09.
  • the structuring 09 can be designed in the form of the axis of the shaft 01 circumferential strip. According to a preferred embodiment, a helical inductance is realized. Alternatively, however, a planetary coil or combinations of both are possible.
  • the geometry of the inductive conductor layer 08 changes.
  • the permeability of the inductive conductor layer 08 can change.
  • the inductive conductor layer 08 is followed by a final insulation layer 03c.
  • a contact 10 which serves for electrical contacting of the conductor layers 04, 08.
  • the contacting is preferably made of NiCr.
  • the layer with high permeability and low electrical conductivity 07 can also be omitted.
  • this layer 07 has the advantage that it achieves a guidance of the magnetic flux and thus optimizes the inductive coupling.
  • the ohmic conductor layer is part of the capacitive conductor layer 04 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the structuring 05 also represents the ohmic component.
  • the ohmic conductor layer may also be part of the inductive conductor layer 08.
  • Embodiments are also possible in which the ohmic conductor layer is designed as a separate conductor layer.
  • the ohmic structures are preferably designed as meanders (DMS). However, any other one- or multi-dimensional geometry is possible.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention in a simplified block diagram.
  • the passive electrical resonant circuit 02 On the shaft 01 of the passive electrical resonant circuit 02 is arranged, which, as already described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, is designed as a multilayer coating.
  • the passive electrical resonant circuit consists of a resistor 1 1, a capacitor 12 and an inductor 13. By appropriate design of at least one of these elements changes its characteristic value by introducing a mechanical deformation.
  • the oscillating circuit 02 is inductively coupled to a coil 14 of an evaluation unit 15 fixed in relation to the shaft 01.
  • the resonant circuit 02 is excited by means of coil 14 of the evaluation unit 15 for oscillating in its resonant frequency.
  • a certain frequency range for example go through it by means of a sinus sweep.
  • a sinusweep is known to be a signal with a sinusoidal waveform of increasing frequency and constant amplitude. If in this case the resonant circuit 02 is excited with its resonant frequency, its energy absorption is maximal, which is clearly reflected in its power consumption. Now, if the recorded electrical power of the resonant circuit 02 monitored for example by measuring the coil current, a conclusion on the resonant frequency and thus on the mechanical deformation of the shaft and thus on the impressed into the shaft 01 torque is possible. This measuring principle is known as the DIP meter principle.
  • the evaluation unit 15 has a second resonant circuit 17 with a coil 14 and a capacitor 19.
  • the coil 14 of the second resonant circuit 17 is arranged such that it forms a transformer with the coil 13 of the arranged on the shaft 01 resonant circuit 02.
  • the resonant circuit 02 on the shaft 01 can be regarded as an additional reactance in the second resonant circuit 17 whose value is varied by the deformation of the shaft 01.
  • the second resonant circuit 17 is operated as an oscillator, its resonant frequency depends on the deformation of the shaft 01.
  • the output signal of the oscillator can preferably be converted into a square wave signal in order to make an evaluation as simple as possible over the period duration, for example.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the device according to the invention in a simplified block diagram, in which a load-dependent amplitude modulation takes place.
  • This embodiment also uses a second resonant circuit 17 in the evaluation unit 15, the coil 14 forms a transformer together with the coil 13 of the resonant circuit 02 on the shaft 01.
  • the resonant circuit 02 on the shaft 01 can be interpreted by the evaluation unit 15 as an additional impedance whose value is determined by the deformation the shaft 01 is varied.
  • known methods for determining an impedance can be used, for example bridge circuit or the like.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • a broadband excitation with a constant power density spectrum is coupled by means of a coil 14 of the evaluation unit 15, for example, white noise in a specific RF band. If now the signal after the coupling, for example by means of Fourier transformation, evaluated, will result in the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 02 on the shaft 01, due to its absorption behavior at resonance, a collapse of power at resonant frequency. Since the resonance frequency is a function of the elastic deformation of the shaft
  • Fig. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • this embodiment are on the shaft 01 two similar resonant circuits
  • Each of the two oscillating circuits 02 is in each case coupled to its own resonant circuit 17 of the evaluation unit 15. Adequate to the in Fig.
  • the 4 embodiment described here also takes place a load-dependent frequency modulation.
  • the two resonant circuits 17 of the evaluation unit 15 are operated as an oscillator.
  • the resonant frequency in turn depends on the deformation of the shaft 01. Due to the double execution of the oscillating circuits 02 on the shaft 01, a temperature compensation in the corresponding evaluation can be implemented. Furthermore, drifting of the characteristic values due to aging or similar effects can be compensated for, which can be correspondingly implemented in the evaluation method.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de détection d'un couple appliqué à un arbre (01), comprenant au moins un circuit électrique oscillant passif (02), disposé sur l'arbre (01), dont la fréquence de résonance varie en fonction du couple ainsi qu'un module d'évaluation (15), fixe par rapport à l'arbre (01), qui comporte une bobine (14) couplée inductivement au circuit oscillant (02). Le dispositif selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'une partie au moins du circuit électrique oscillant passif (02) est réalisée sous la forme d'un revêtement multicouches déposé sur l'arbre (01).
PCT/DE2014/200292 2013-08-05 2014-07-01 Dispositif de détection du couple appliqué à un arbre Ceased WO2015018403A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013215320.1 2013-08-05
DE201310215320 DE102013215320A1 (de) 2013-08-05 2013-08-05 Vorrichtung zur Erfassung des Drehmomentes in einer Welle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015018403A1 true WO2015018403A1 (fr) 2015-02-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2014/200292 Ceased WO2015018403A1 (fr) 2013-08-05 2014-07-01 Dispositif de détection du couple appliqué à un arbre

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DE (1) DE102013215320A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015018403A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109204443A (zh) * 2017-07-09 2019-01-15 东北林业大学 一种汽车eps系统有线无源式扭矩测量装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017124244A1 (de) 2017-10-18 2019-04-18 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Aktuator zur Beeinflussung einer Wankbewegung eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE102018217973A1 (de) * 2018-10-22 2020-04-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Sensorsystem und Verfahren zum Erfassen von Verformungen eines Materials
DE102019112146B3 (de) * 2019-05-09 2020-09-10 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Vorrichtung zum Messen eines Drehmoments und Spannungswellengetriebe mit dieser Vorrichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2195183A (en) 1986-09-12 1988-03-30 Ford Motor Co Torque measurement transducer
EP1026492A2 (fr) 1999-02-01 2000-08-09 Baumer Electric Ag Dispositif sans fil de mesure de couple et capteur pour ce dispositif
EP1132727A1 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2001-09-12 Tokin Corporation Capteur de couple capacitif et procede de detection d'un couple
DE102009027997A1 (de) 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Messeinrichtung zur telemetrischen Auswertung eines Sensors und Messsystem
DE202010017366U1 (de) 2010-11-05 2011-10-13 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Tretlagereinheit mit magnetischen Sensor
DE102012215022A1 (de) 2011-08-27 2013-02-28 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Tretlager

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2195183A (en) 1986-09-12 1988-03-30 Ford Motor Co Torque measurement transducer
EP1026492A2 (fr) 1999-02-01 2000-08-09 Baumer Electric Ag Dispositif sans fil de mesure de couple et capteur pour ce dispositif
EP1132727A1 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2001-09-12 Tokin Corporation Capteur de couple capacitif et procede de detection d'un couple
DE102009027997A1 (de) 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Messeinrichtung zur telemetrischen Auswertung eines Sensors und Messsystem
DE202010017366U1 (de) 2010-11-05 2011-10-13 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Tretlagereinheit mit magnetischen Sensor
DE102012215022A1 (de) 2011-08-27 2013-02-28 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Tretlager

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109204443A (zh) * 2017-07-09 2019-01-15 东北林业大学 一种汽车eps系统有线无源式扭矩测量装置

Also Published As

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