Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/16—Arrangement or construction of joints in foundation structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
  • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of special works in the soil.
• a concrete element in particular a unitary element of a concrete structure, in particular a foundation or retaining structure, made by successive unitary elements or alternated.
• the invention relates to a sealing device and a structure comprising said sealing device, adapted to be included in a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground. It also relates to a method of producing such an element and a structure comprising the reinforced concrete element thus obtained.
• the aforementioned element may be, for example, an elementary panel of a molded wall or an elementary pile of a curtain of secant or contiguous piles.
• a molded wall is commonly made by pouring concrete into a trench of the soil after a reinforcement cage has been previously put in place. Often, the wall consists of a plurality of elementary panels made one after the other or alternately. To fight against water infiltration between adjacent panels, different sealing systems have been developed.
• a method is commonly used consisting, once excavation has been dug, to place, against one of its side walls, a formwork comprising a system for holding and protecting a sealing tongue.
• the sealing tongue is secured to the primary panel thus concreted while projecting partially from said panel.
• An excavation for forming the next wall panel is dug around the formwork which is then removed, and the adjacent secondary panel is concreted, including embedding the sealing tab portion protruding from the primary panel.
• the establishment and extraction of the formwork however increase the handling operations during the production of the diaphragm wall. Because of the adhesion between the concrete and the formwork, the extraction of the latter is made particularly difficult.
• sealing elements intended to be disposed inside the excavation of a secondary panel, said sealing elements being biased against the wall of the primary panel already concreted under the effect of the thrust of concrete poured into the excavation of the secondary panel.
• This type of device does not allow effective plating of the seal against the concrete of the adjoining element previously concreted. Often, during concreting, the concrete comes to coat the joint, which then no longer serves any purpose.
• these systems also require significant handling operations specific to the implementation of the seal.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a system for easily and quickly achieving effective sealing at one end of a reinforced concrete element, including an end of said element adjacent to another concrete element previously concrete.
• a sealing device for a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground comprising at least one seal extending in a main direction and connecting means integral with the seal and adapted to be connected to a reinforcing cage of the reinforced concrete element, said connecting means being adapted to adjust the width of the sealing device.
• a sealing device as defined above is intended to seal at one end of a reinforced concrete element, particularly at its end adjacent to a previously concrete concrete element.
• the sealing device according to the invention is intended to be fixed on an armature cage, prior to the introduction of said cage in the trench defining the location of the concrete element.
• connection means of the sealing device are integral with the seal and adapted to be connected to the reinforcement cage. Generally by deforming and / or moving, they are adapted to modify the total width of the sealing device, measured in a direction not parallel to the main direction in which the seal extends, generally in a lateral direction perpendicular to the main direction.
• the connecting means are interposed in whole or part, in this direction, between the seal and the reinforcing cage. It is then understood that by modifying the width of the sealing device, fixed to the reinforcing cage, the distance between the reinforcing cage and the joint, and thus the total width of a structure, is also modified. formed by the reinforcement cage and the sealing device.
• the sealing device may comprise at least two joints connected to common or specific connection means, the seal being then provided redundantly by said joints.
• the connecting means generally comprise at least one deformable adjustment element and / or mounted to move relative to the seal. Preferably, however, they comprise a plurality of adjustment elements distributed in the main direction of the device.
• the connecting means may further comprise an elongate fixing support to which the adjustment elements are attached, said support being adapted to be fixed to the reinforcement cage.
• the support may for example be fixed to the reinforcement cage by welding, or by clipping. These arrangements make it possible to adapt the sealing device to reinforcement cages of variable configurations, in particular as regards the spacing of the reinforcements.
• the fixing support extends over a height substantially identical to that of the seal and the adjustment elements are regularly distributed over this height.
• the sealing device preferably comprises support means for the seal, said support means making it easier to connect the seal to the adjustment elements (in particular allowing attachment by welding), and in certain cases , protect the seal when mounting in the trench.
• the adjustment element or elements can move from an initial position in which the sealing device has a first width to an end position in which the sealing device has a second different width. of the first and the seal is pressed against the wall of the adjacent concrete element.
• the deformability and / or mobility of all or part of the adjustment elements can also make it possible to compensate for the differences in width between different altitudes along the excavation or the defects of verticality and / or flatness of the wall on which the seal must be applied.
• the width of the sealing device may not be identical over the entire height of said device, especially in mounted or final position.
• the sealing device further comprises means for guiding the adjustment element from its initial position to its final position.
• These guide means may be manual means such as a handle, or automatically controlled means.
• the connecting means comprise at least one compressible adjustment element, preferably a plurality of compressible adjustment elements, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device.
• the connecting means may comprise at least one flexible adjustment element, preferably a plurality of flexible adjustment elements, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device. In this way, the seal is firmly applied against the wall of the adjacent, previously concreted element.
• the connecting means comprise at least one jack having a body adapted to be fixed to the reinforcement cage, a piston movable inside said body and a rod integral with the piston and projecting outside the body, and the seal is integral with said rod.
• the aforementioned guiding means are constituted by the control unit of the jack.
• the connecting means comprise at least one articulated adjustment element with respect to the seal, preferably a plurality of adjustment elements articulated with respect to the seal, distributed in the main direction of the sealing device. .
• each hinged adjustment member is adapted to pivot relative to the seal about a pivot axis extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the principal direction of the device.
• the adjustment element is articulated at both ends. It is thus pivotally mounted relative to the seal at one of its ends, and relative to the reinforcement cage at its other end, generally around pivot axes substantially orthogonal to the main direction of the device.
• the articulated adjustment elements can thus be displaced, generally without deforming, from a retracted position in which they are folded towards the reinforcement cage, reducing the width of the structure, to an extended position in which they extend. away from the cage.
• the present disclosure relates, secondly, to a structure for a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground, for example a panel or a pile, comprising a reinforcement cage, and characterized in that it further comprises at least one sealing device as defined above fixed to the reinforcement cage, the connecting means being adapted to adjust the spacing distance between the seal and the reinforcing cage.
• the structure thus defined is intended to be introduced into an excavation of the ground before being coated with concrete to form a reinforced concrete element, in particular a molded wall panel or a pile of a curtain of secant or contiguous piles .
• Such a structure has an adjustable width, which allows that in a single phase of handling, the excavation is equipped with a reinforcement cage and at least one device sealing with an adjacent concrete element.
• the principal direction of the structure is defined as the direction in which it is intended to be lowered into the excavation before concreting.
• the lateral direction of the structure is defined as the direction perpendicular to the main direction and oriented in the general direction of the structure (ie the direction in which the unitary elements are aligned), once the structure is introduced into the structure. excavation.
• a transverse direction of the structure is defined as a direction orthogonal to both the main direction and the lateral direction.
• the spacing distance between the reinforcing cage and a seal of the structure will be measured in the lateral direction.
• the main direction of the sealing device is parallel to that of the reinforcement cage, that is to say that the seal extends in the main direction of the structure.
• the structure according to the invention may comprise, depending on the use made of it (successive or alternating unit elements), a single sealing device or two sealing devices placed at opposite ends of the structure.
• the seal extends over the entire height of the reinforcement cage.
• the present disclosure also relates to a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground, for example a panel or a pile, comprising a reinforced concrete part molded in situ and a structure of the type defined previously embedded at least partially in said concrete part.
• the present disclosure relates to a reinforced concrete structure molded in the ground, comprising at least a first concrete element and at least a second reinforced concrete element adjoining said first element, said second reinforced concrete element including a structure such as defined previously, a seal of the sealing device joining the first and the second element to achieve sealing.
• the present disclosure further relates to a method of producing a structure made of reinforced concrete molded in the ground, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: an excavation is formed in the soil with substantially vertical walls, delimited at least in part by a first concrete element; a structure as defined above is lowered into the excavation and the spacing distance between the seal and the reinforcement cage is adjusted so that the seal is in contact with a wall of the first concrete element; and pouring concrete into the excavation to form a second reinforced concrete member including said structure, the seal sealing between the first and second concrete element.
• the adjustment of the spacing distance can be made during the descent of the structure in the excavation.
• the seal can cooperate with the wall of the first concrete element when the structure is lowered in the excavation, and the distance separation can be adjusted by a deformation of the adjustment system induced by this cooperation.
• adjustment of the spacing distance is made after the descent, once the reinforcement cage is in its final position.
• the structure is lowered into the excavation with the connecting means in an initial retracted position in which the spacing distance is minimal and, once the reinforcement cage is positioned inside the excavation, the connecting means is deployed in a final position in which the seal is in contact with the wall of the first concrete element.
• the deployment of the connecting means in their final position can be induced by the sole effect of the gravity exerted on them and on the joint. It can also be achieved by operating guide means.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the formation of a secondary trench between two primary panels of a diaphragm wall
• FIG. 2 illustrates a reinforced concrete element structure molded in the ground, according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the different steps of producing the reinforced concrete element including the structure of FIG. 2,
• FIG. 4 is a detailed view of an adjustment element of FIG. 3B
• FIG. 5 illustrates a structure for a reinforced concrete element molded in the ground, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate the various steps of producing the reinforced concrete element including the structure of the figure 5,
• FIGS. 7A and 7B show in more detail the sealing device of FIGS. 5, 6A and 6B in the initial position and in the mounted position
• FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a structure according to a third embodiment of the invention, respectively before and after assembly
• FIG. 9 illustrates a variant of the first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 10 illustrates another variant of the first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 11 illustrates a pile curtain made by means of a
• Figure 12 illustrates a variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
• a molded wall 10 is conventionally executed by elementary panels, either successive or alternating.
• Figure 1 illustrates the embodiment of such a wall 10 by alternating panels.
• two primary panels 12a, 12b, left and right, have already been concreted.
• the figure illustrates the realization of a secondary excavation 16 (hereinafter excavation) between the two primary panels 12a, 12b and for the realization of a secondary panel 14 which will be described in more detail below.
• a secondary excavation 16 hereinafter excavation
• the excavation 16 is hollowed out vertically.
• various tools may be used, such as skips, skips on Kelly, water-repellent (registered trademark), etc.
• the excavation is filled, during drilling, with a sludge generally based on bentonite.
• the excavation 16 thus produced comprises vertical main walls 18a, 18b of width L e , parallel in pairs and spaced apart by a distance l e corresponding to the desired thickness for the diaphragm wall 10.
• the excavation 16 marks the future location of a portion of the molded wall 10, and therefore delimits an area to be cleared.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a structure 20 according to a first embodiment of the invention, intended to be introduced into the excavation 16 before concreting of the secondary panel 14.
• the structure 20 comprises a reinforcement cage 22 of known type, intended for reinforcing the molded wall 10.
• the reinforcement cage 22 has a parallelepipedal shape, its sides being adapted to respectively follow the walls 18a, 18b and 19a, 19b of the excavation 16.
• the main direction z of the structure as the direction in which it is intended to be inserted into the excavation.
• the lateral direction x is further defined as the direction orthogonal to this main direction and extending in the general direction of the molded wall (i.e. in the direction in which the wall panels are aligned).
• transverse direction y of the structure means the direction orthogonal to the two aforementioned directions.
• the structure 20 comprises, at each end of the reinforcement cage 22 in the lateral direction x, a sealing device 90, 90 '.
• the sealing device 90 comprises a seal 30, for example of the hydro-flotation type, extending in the main direction z, that is to say parallel to the sides of the reinforcement cage, and intended to bear against the wall of the primary panel 12a, 12b nearest.
• the sealing device further comprises a support 32 for the seal 30, here in the form of an angle of height equal to or greater than that of the seal.
• the seal 30 extends over a height substantially identical to that of the reinforcement cage.
• the sealing device finally comprises connecting means 40 connecting the assembly formed by the seal 30 and its support 32 to the reinforcement cage 22 and adapted, by deforming as will be described in more detail below, to adjust the width L d of the sealing device 90 measured in the lateral direction x, and therefore, consequently, the spacing distance d measured in the lateral direction x, between the end of the reinforcement cage 22 and the attached 30.
• the connecting means 40 comprise a plurality of adjustment elements 42 distributed regularly over the entire height of the gasket 30.
• Each adjustment element 42 here consists of a triangular metal hanger whose base 43 is welded to an armature 26 of the cage 22 and whose top 44 is welded to the bracket 32.
• each hanger 42 extends in a plane substantially orthogonal to the main direction z of the reinforcement cage 22; in a substantially horizontal plane when the reinforcement cage 22 is in the raised position above the excavation 16 as illustrated in FIG. 3A.
• the spacing distance d 1 measured between the reinforcement cage 22 and the seal 30, is maximum and substantially equal to the height of the triangle defined by the hanger 42.
• the triangular shape and dimensions of the hangers 42 illustrated is not limiting, they may have all other shapes and features (diameter of the iron for example) to give it a certain flexibility around a transverse axis.
• FIG. 3A illustrates the structure 20 of FIG. 2 before it is introduced into the excavation 16.
• the connecting means 40 are in their initial position and the structure 20 has a width L greater than the width L e of the excavation 16, for example a few centimeters.
• FIG. 3B illustrates the introduction of the structure 20 inside the excavation 16.
• the hangers 42 Under the effect of the friction of each bracket 32 with the wall of the adjacent primary panel 12a, 12b which it faces, the hangers 42 flex slightly. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the lower end 34 of the joint support 32 is beveled to initiate the deformation of the hangers 42 and to facilitate the descent of the structure 20 into the excavation 16. The distance of distance d f measured in the lateral direction between each seal 30 and the end 19a closest to the reinforcement cage 22 is reduced and the width L f of the structure 20 is adapted to that of the excavation 16.
• each seal 30 is pressed against the concrete of the adjacent primary panel 12a, 12b over its entire width, as illustrated in more detail in FIG. 4.
• the excavation 16 is filled with concrete and the structure 20 is embedded in the concrete panel 14 thus formed. After curing the concrete, each seal 30, 30 'seals between the secondary panel 14 and the primary panel 12a, 12b which it faces.
• FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the first embodiment of the invention, in which the connecting means 340 comprise, no longer triangular but U-shaped hangers, each hanger 342 having a first branch 343 welded to a reinforcement of the reinforcement cage 322 (as in the example described above) and a second branch 444 pivotally mounted inside a sleeve 347 welded to the bracket 332 and locked in translation relative to said sleeve 347 by means of a anti-withdrawal washer 348.
• the connecting means 340 comprise, no longer triangular but U-shaped hangers, each hanger 342 having a first branch 343 welded to a reinforcement of the reinforcement cage 322 (as in the example described above) and a second branch 444 pivotally mounted inside a sleeve 347 welded to the bracket 332 and locked in translation relative to said sleeve 347 by means of a anti-withdrawal washer 348.
• each hanger 342 and the sleeve 347 integral with the joint support with which it cooperates allows to limit the stress of the angle relative to the case of a direct weld to the hangers, during the deformation of the hangers by cooperation with the wall of the excavation 16.
• the connecting means 440 further comprise a longitudinal fastening support 480, here in the form of a flat, of height advantageously similar or substantially similar to that of the seal 430, and on which are
• a longitudinal fastening support 480 here in the form of a flat, of height advantageously similar or substantially similar to that of the seal 430, and on which are
• This variant allows the prefabrication of the sealing device 490, which can then be easily fixed to the reinforcing cage on site, for example by welding.
• the distance measured between two hangers, in the main direction is no longer necessarily indexed to the inter-armature distance of the cage.
• FIG. 11 illustrates a structure 520 according to the first embodiment of the invention, suitable for producing a curtain of secant piles 510.
• a structure 520 differs from that described previously with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 only in the reinforcing cage 522 is of substantially circular section.
• the connecting means 540 and the principle of adjusting the cage / seal distance remain perfectly identical to the above.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a structure 120 according to a second embodiment of the invention, said structure 120 comprising a reinforcement cage 122 similar to that described above and, at each end of the cage 120 in the lateral direction, a sealing device 190, 190 'comprising a seal 130, 130', for example hydrogonflant, attached to a support, here a plate 132, 132 ', and connecting means 140 140 'of said support to the reinforcement cage 122.
• the connecting means 140 here comprise a plurality of adjustment elements distributed over the entire height of the seal, and articulated between the reinforcing cage and a rigid intermediate bar, itself connected by spring means to the seal support 132 .
• the adjustment elements are U-shaped hangers 142.
• Each hanger 142 comprises a first branch 143 pivotally mounted inside a first sleeve 145 welded to an armature 126 of the cage 122 and locked in translation relative thereto by means of, for example, an anti-withdrawal washer. (not shown)
• Each hanger 142 further comprises a second branch 144 pivotally mounted inside a second sleeve 147 and locked in translation relative to said sleeve 147, the sleeve being welded to the rigid intermediate bar 150 extending over all a height substantially identical to that of the seal.
• a hanger 142 is thus pivotally mounted relative to the reinforcement cage 122 about a transverse axis PI and, with respect to the intermediate bar 150, about a transverse axis P2.
• the intermediate bar 150 mounted between the reinforcement cage 122 and the plate 132, is, in the example, connected to the plate 132 by means of a plurality of spring blades 152 in U.
• FIG. 6A illustrates the structure 120 in the initial position, before insertion into the excavation 16.
• the width L, of the structure 120 is smaller than that L e of the excavation 16.
• the hangers 142 are brought back to the reinforcing cage 122, and the spacing distance d, between the seal 130 and the cage 122, measured in the lateral direction x, is such that the cage 122 can be introduced into the excavation 16 without touching the side walls 19a, 19b adjacent primary panels 12a, 12b.
• the intermediate bar 150 for example held by a handle 154 provided at its upper end, is moved towards the edge of the excavation 16, causing with it support 132 and joint 130.
• the parallelogram defined by the pivot axes PI, P2 and PI ', P2' of two hangers 142 has a first height H1 in the lateral direction.
• the parallelogram is in the folded position against the cage 122.
• the parallelogram height is increased and takes a value H2.
• the total width of the structure 120 is increased accordingly, and the seal 130 is pressed against the wall of the excavation 16.
• the surface irregularities of the wall are furthermore compensated by the local compression of the U-shaped spring blades 152, mounted between the intermediate bar 150 and the joint support 132.
• the spring blades 152 can also be replaced or supplemented by other compressible elements that can provide a damping function, including foam elements or rubber.
• the intermediate bar and the leaf spring can be omitted.
• the second sleeve can be welded directly to the joint support.
• FIG. 12 illustrates an advantageous variant of the second embodiment of the invention, in all respects identical to that described above, except that the connecting means 640 comprise a longitudinal fixing support 680, in the form of a flat , of height advantageously similar or substantially similar to that of the seal 630, and on which are fixed the hangers 642.
• FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a structure 220 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which the connection means of the sealing device 290, between the reinforcement cage 222 and each seal 230, laterally along said cage, comprise a plurality of cylinders 270.
• Each jack 270 comprises a body 272 fixed to the reinforcements of the reinforcement cage 222, a piston (not shown) mounted to move inside the body, and a rod 274 integral with the piston and projecting outside the body.
• the rod is fixed at its distal end to a support 232 carrying the seal 230.
• the cylinders connected to the same joint are controlled, simultaneously or not, by a control unit 276.
• the rods 274 are in the retracted position and the seal is located closer to the reinforcement cage 222.
• the cylinders are actuated so that their rods are deployed outwardly of the structure, driving with it the seal 230, which is pressed against the wall of the excavation.
• the cylinders may, where appropriate, be coupled to compressible means adapted to effectively compensate for surface irregularities of the walls of the excavation.
• the connecting means of a structure are identical on one side and the other of the structure, and, moreover, over the entire height of the structure, the different modes of described embodiments may also be combined on the same structure.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
• Gasket Seals (AREA)
• Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-08-06 FR FR1357821A patent/FR3009566B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-08-05 HU HUE14790179A patent/HUE035784T2/en unknown
  • 2014-08-05 EP EP14790179.7A patent/EP3030721B1/de active Active
  • 2014-08-05 ES ES14790179.7T patent/ES2654798T3/es active Active
  • 2014-08-05 WO PCT/FR2014/052032 patent/WO2015019017A2/fr not_active Ceased

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