WO2015107251A1 - Dispositif de distillation à effets multiples - Google Patents

Dispositif de distillation à effets multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015107251A1
WO2015107251A1 PCT/ES2015/070033 ES2015070033W WO2015107251A1 WO 2015107251 A1 WO2015107251 A1 WO 2015107251A1 ES 2015070033 W ES2015070033 W ES 2015070033W WO 2015107251 A1 WO2015107251 A1 WO 2015107251A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
effect
thermal conductivity
wall
high thermal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2015/070033
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Dan Alexandru Hanganu
Juan Eusebio Nomen Calvet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALEX HANGANU RESEARCH SL
Original Assignee
ALEX HANGANU RESEARCH SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ALEX HANGANU RESEARCH SL filed Critical ALEX HANGANU RESEARCH SL
Publication of WO2015107251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015107251A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/26—Multiple-effect evaporating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/06—Flash distillation
    • B01D3/065—Multiple-effect flash distillation (more than two traps)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high efficiency device for large-scale salt water desalination.
  • MED Multi-Effect Distillation
  • the wall of these tubes acts as a condenser on its inner face, which is part of a certain effect, and as an evaporator on its outer face, which is part of the following effect.
  • latent heat is transferred through a heat conduction surface between two consecutive effects, the first effect being at a higher temperature and higher vapor pressure, than the temperature and vapor pressure of the next effect.
  • This heat conduction surface is normally the wall of a tube, through which the water vapor generated in the first effect circulates and on this tube salt water is projected to evaporate in the second effect.
  • MED devices can now transfer a large amount of latent heat between the condensation and evaporation phases that occur on the inner and outer sides of the condenser / evaporator tube.
  • These tubes are usually aluminum alloys.
  • Aluminum alloys have a thermal conductivity between 200 and 250 W / (mK). Given this conductivity, MED devices require a large heat conduction surface to achieve the necessary heat transfer in the water distillation process. Therefore, the inside of a MED device contains a huge beam of tubes. The size of the tubes requires a certain wall thickness to support the structural requirements. The result of these factors is that current MED devices require a thermal jump of about 2 e C per effect, so that since they work from a heat source of less than 70 e C and a heat sink between 30 e and 25 e C, sea temperature in warm areas, the maximum number of effects that can be inserted in practice is between 10 and 16 effects.
  • a heat pipe or heat pipe, is a heat transfer device consisting of a tube closed at both ends inside which there is a working fluid, at a pressure substantially equivalent to the vapor pressure of this fluid.
  • the working fluid evaporates at the end at a higher temperature, heat source, by absorbing the heat necessary to change its phase, and the steam travels at high speed until the cold end where it condenses releasing the heat of phase change outside the cold end, heat sink.
  • the return of the condensed liquid to the hot end is done by capillarity or gravity.
  • the heat pipe is the most efficient device for heat transfer between two points at different temperatures.
  • heat pipes can be constructed with effective conductivities of millions of W / (mK). That is, the exchange of heat by means of a heat pipe requires an exchange surface significantly smaller than that required using aluminum alloys.
  • Water has a thermal conductivity of 0.58 W / (m.K), so it is essential to reduce the layers of passive water accumulated on the surfaces of the condenser or evaporator.
  • the wall of heat pipes allows to apply constructive solutions to properly channel the water, since the ends of the heat pipes can have shapes and be covered by finishes that allow to minimize the problems of thermal resistance by unwanted accumulation of water on the faces of the heat pipes that act as an evaporator and as a condenser.
  • the present invention seeks to solve one or more of the drawbacks set forth above by means of a high efficiency MED multi-effect distillation device as defined in the claims.
  • One aspect is to insert a wall formed by at least one heat pipe containing a biphasic working fluid, namely PACT high thermal conductivity wall, as a heat transfer surface between two consecutive effects of the high efficiency MED device, to through which the heat of condensation of one effect is transferred to the heat of evaporation of the following effect; and as a heat transfer surface between the exterior and the first and last effects, Since the thermal conductivity of a wall of high thermal conductivity PACT is superior to the thermal conductivity of the current walls of aluminum alloy tubes that act as Heat transfer surface, we can reduce the heat conduction surface several times within each effect of the high efficiency MED device.
  • a biphasic working fluid namely PACT high thermal conductivity wall
  • a wall of high thermal conductivity PACT comprises at least one heat pipe and a support structure for mechanically supporting the heat pipes.
  • the heat transfer between each effect of the high efficiency MED device occurs through the high thermal conductivity wall PACT, so that a face of the high thermal conductivity wall PACT acts as a condenser of an effect, in which It releases the heat of condensation from the phase change from vapor to liquid water, and the other side of the wall of high thermal conductivity PACT acts as an evaporator of the following effect on which salt water is evaporated.
  • the placement of a PACT high thermal conductivity wall between two effects of the high efficiency MED device causes the heat pipes included in the PACT high thermal conductivity wall to capture the heat released in the condensation of the first effect and transfer it to its end exposed to a lower temperature, where it is captured by the salt water that is provided on its outer face to change from the liquid phase to gas vapor, generating water vapor.
  • Another aspect is the terminations of the PACT high heat conductivity wall heat pipes that allow to reduce unwanted water accumulations.
  • Another aspect is the application of the PACT high thermal conductivity wall as a heat exchange surface between the liquids extracted from each effect and the salt water to be provided within the effects. So that the introduction of walls of high thermal conductivity PACT in the MED device of high efficiency allows to improve the following thermal resistance:
  • This resistance is improved by the high conductivity of a wall consisting of heat pipes placed on a support structure, which allows the ends of the heat pipes to not perform any structural function and can be formed by material of the minimum thickness necessary to maximize its thermal conductivity.
  • the thermal resistance generated by the water layer on the evaporator face is the thermal resistance generated by the water layer on the evaporator face.
  • This thermal resistance is improved by reducing the thickness of the water layer and the breakage of surface tension that is applied on the face of the ends of the heat pipes that act as evaporator of the PACT high thermal conductivity wall.
  • These ends of the heat pipes can take forms designed to facilitate the flow of water over them and with a large heat exchange surface to facilitate evaporation.
  • this thermal resistance generated by the water layer on the evaporator face is improved by placing an integrated felt structure on the face of the PACT high thermal conductivity wall, which acts as an effect evaporator, so that the salt water is pour over this felt structure.
  • the felt type structure is formed by high thermal conductivity material, such as aluminum alloys, so that it allows to multiply the heat transmitting surface that is in contact with water to evaporate and allows to break the surface tension of a layer of water, so that the drops of water become in contact with the structure of felt heat transmitting, multiplying the efficiency of the evaporator within the effect.
  • high thermal conductivity material such as aluminum alloys
  • This thermal resistance is improved by increasing the heat transfer surface that is free of water, which may come into contact with the water vapor to condense. This is achieved by making the ends of the heat pipes protrude from the support structure of the PACT high thermal conductivity wall, so that the water slides over the surface of the PACT high thermal conductivity wall and leaves the ends of the Free heat pipe to condense the next water vapor.
  • the support surface may be designed to efficiently channel the distilled water flows produced, keeping the cold ends of the heat pipes free of layers of water that would limit heat exchange.
  • This thermal resistance is improved by inserting the wall of high thermal conductivity PACT between a tube containing a liquid from which heat is to be extracted, a tube that conducts the brine extracted from an effect or from distilled water, and a tube containing a liquid at You want to provide heat, salt water.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of the interior of an intermediate effect different from the first and last of a current MED device, with the tube inside acting as a condenser of an effect and outside acts as an evaporator of the next effect.
  • Figure 2 shows a high efficiency MED device including walls of high PACT thermal conductivity between the effects, which allows to eliminate physical obstacles in the vapor path between evaporator and condenser.
  • Figure 3 shows the scheme of the vertical cut of a wall of high thermal conductivity PACT.
  • Figure 4 shows a section of the high efficiency MED device with a wall of high thermal conductivity PACT supported by a structure that adopts a cylindrical shape on which the heat pipes are inserted, to increase the heat conduction surface.
  • Figure 5 shows a diagram of the PACT high thermal conductivity wall as a heat transfer surface between a tube containing a liquid from which heat is to be extracted and another tube containing a liquid to which heat is to be provided.
  • a heat exchanger by means of the PACT high thermal conductivity wall, either current or countercurrent, to improve the heat transfer between liquids within a MED.
  • Figure 6 shows an integration scheme of a high efficiency MED device within a stage of an MSF desalination device.
  • Figure 7 shows a diagram of a wall of high thermal conductivity PACT in which, on its evaporating face, a felt structure is integrated.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the part of the evaporator and condenser of two intermediate effects of a current MED device in which basically, the water vapor generated in an effect 1 is channeled into a tube 2. Said tube circulates within the following effect 3 subjected to a vapor pressure and temperature lower than the previous effect. Saltwater 4 is projected on the tube 2. Given the difference in temperature between the inside and outside of the tube 2, the wall acts as a latent heat exchanger between the steam that condenses on the inner face of the tube 5 and the seawater that evaporates on the outer face of the tube 6.
  • FIG. 3 A diagram of a wall of high thermal conductivity PACT is illustrated in Figure 3 comprising a support structure 17 in which at least one heat pipe is installed.
  • the shape and arrangement of these heat pipes can be very varied depending on the properties that you want to give the PACT high thermal conductivity wall. So that you can transfer more or less heat power, that you can channel the water generated on the face that acts as a condenser, or create a better film of water on the face that acts as an evaporator.
  • heat pipes may have the classic cylindrical or flat tube shape 19 or may have other shapes with different sections at their two ends 18; the ends of the heat pipes can be arranged so that they touch and cover the entire face of the wall of high thermal conductivity PACT 23 or they can be arranged so that they leave a part of the structure uncovered and only cover part of the face of the wall 22;
  • the ends of the tubes can be flattened 21 or they can protrude from the structure 20, being able to become part of a felt-like structure, to increase the heat transfer surface and offer surfaces free of water accumulations.
  • the PACT high thermal conductivity wall as described can have an effective thermal conductivity superior to that of aluminum alloy tubes, so it can perform the same heat transfer function with a lower surface than what is required with tubes
  • the structure 17 supports the forces acting between two effects and the forces acting on the evaporator and the condenser, allowing the faces of the external walls of the heat pipes, at their ends, should not exert structural functions and may have thicknesses minimums that offer minimal resistance to thermal conductivity.
  • the separation walls should withstand mechanical loads, requiring a greater thickness. Thickness that would decrease the thermal conductivity of the wall and lead to the need for a larger surface of thermal exchange.
  • FIG. 2 A diagram of the high efficiency MED device is illustrated in Figure 2 in which, for the purpose of illustration, we only reproduce three effects, the two extreme effects and an intermediate effect.
  • the first effect, effect 1 receives heat from a heat source and the last effect, effect 3, releases it in a heat sink.
  • the second effect represents an intermediate effect and the high efficiency MED device can contain as many intermediate effects similar to effect 2, as the thermal jump between the heat source and the heat sink allows.
  • a wall of high thermal conductivity PACT is sandwiched. In this figure there are a total of four walls of high thermal conductivity PACT, so that:
  • the first effect receives heat from an external heat source (t1), through the high thermal conductivity wall PACT 7,
  • the internal temperature of the first effect (t2). is higher than the temperature of the second effect (t3).
  • deaerated seawater is introduced into the effect, by means of a valve 9, or another mechanism that allows to provide a controlled flow so that it forms a thin layer of water at a temperature t2, on the inner face 10 of the wall high thermal conductivity PACT 7, which acts as an evaporator of the first effect
  • This high thermal conductivity wall PACT 7 is formed by a support structure that incorporates at least one closed heat pipe that provides the high conductivity of the high thermal conductivity wall PACT to transmit the heat released in the face 1 to the face 10 wall high thermal conductivity PACT.
  • the seawater absorbs the heat flux transmitted through the wall 7 PACT for its change of state to water vapor 12, without change of temperature.
  • the water vapor 12 at the moment in which it is generated, expands and creates a pressure wave that runs unimpeded through the interior space of the first effect that is now free of physical obstacles, since the lattice of tubes
  • Water vapor 12 reaches the wall of high thermal conductivity PACT 13 through which heat is transferred between effect 1 and effect 2, Effect 2 is at a temperature t3, less than t2. So that the water vapor 12 that reaches the inner face 14 of the high thermal conductivity wall PACT 13 will condense, releasing latent heat of condensation through the high thermal conductivity wall PACT 13 to the inner face 15 of the effect 2. So that face 14 is the condenser of effect 1 and the high thermal conductivity wall PACT 13 transfers the latent heat to its face 15 which is the evaporator of effect 2.
  • the steam generated within effect 2 travels to the wall of condensation and so on for all intermediate effects.
  • the high efficiency MED device that includes high conductivity walls PACT for the exchange of heat between fluids of different temperatures, for example, flowing against the current or current, see figure 5. That is, to transfer the heat of the liquids extracted from each effect, brine and distilled water, to the feed liquid of the following effect, salt water, so that the total heat losses of the high efficiency MED device are reduced.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates how a felt structure 27 is placed on the face of the high thermal conductivity wall PACT that acts as an evaporation surface of an effect, so that this felt contains salt water that is provided in a controlled manner by one end. 28 and whose excess is collected at another end 29, so that the felt-like structure 27 is maintained with the ideal salt water level to facilitate evaporation and salt water with higher concentration accumulates at the bottom of the collection container 29, from where it is extracted in a controlled way.
  • the felt type structure 27 is formed by thermal conductivity material, such as aluminum alloys, so that it allows multiplying the heat transmitting surface that is in contact with water to evaporate and allows the surface tension of a water layer to break, so that the drops of water become in contact with the structure of felt heat transmitter, multiplying the efficiency of the evaporator within the effect.
  • thermal conductivity material such as aluminum alloys
  • the high conductivity of the wall of high thermal conductivity PACT allows to work with lower temperature differential.
  • the thermal efficiency that is achieved with a wall of high thermal conductivity PACT as a heat conduction surface allows to produce distilled water from a heat transfer between a heat source and a heat sink with small temperature differentials and from heat source temperatures lower than those required in current MED devices.
  • a cold source as a sump such as a liquid gas vaporizer.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the case of integration of a high efficiency MED device 26 with high thermal conductivity walls PACT between the heat source constituted by the steam 24 produced in a stage of an internationally known multi-stage evaporation distillation device such as Multistage flash distillation MSF, and the heat sink currently constituted by the tubes in which salt water circulates at a lower temperature in order to condense the water vapor over said tubes and heat the sea water that circulates inside.
  • the temperature jump between water vapor and salt water currently circulating in the tubes is around 10 e C. So that a high efficiency MED device with walls could be inserted of high thermal conductivity PACT 26 between the heat source 24 constituted by the water vapor within a stage of an MSF device at a temperature t1 and the heat sink 25 constituted by the salt water at a temperature t5 So that it is eliminated
  • the network of pipes that MSFs currently need, the water film on the condensation surface of an MSF stage is minimized using the improvements that allow a wall of high PACT thermal conductivity, the increase in entropy associated with the travel of steam inside is reduced of an MSF stage and with all this it is possible to multiply several times the capacity of generation of distilled water of the current MSF devices, since each effect of the device
  • the high efficiency MED interleaver manages to generate a similar amount of distilled water than is achieved in a stage of the MSF device.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de distillation à effets multiples MED de haute efficacité qui comprend une paroi à conductivité thermique élevée pour transférer la chaleur entre les deux faces externes de la paroi de conductivité thermique élevée, formée par une structure qui supporte au moins un tube de chaleur, permettant de réduire sensiblement la surface d'échange de chaleur entre deux effets du dispositif de distillation à effets multiples et le saut de température nécessaire entre les effets.
PCT/ES2015/070033 2014-01-20 2015-01-20 Dispositif de distillation à effets multiples Ceased WO2015107251A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201430054 2014-01-20
ES201430054A ES2473190B1 (es) 2014-01-20 2014-01-20 Dispositivo de Destilación Multi-Efecto

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015107251A1 true WO2015107251A1 (fr) 2015-07-23

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PCT/ES2015/070033 Ceased WO2015107251A1 (fr) 2014-01-20 2015-01-20 Dispositif de distillation à effets multiples

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2969227A1 (fr) * 2014-12-03 2016-06-09 Sylvan Source, Inc. Purification et dessalement d'eau a faible consommation d'energie

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2302224T3 (es) * 2004-08-27 2008-07-01 O.H.D.L. Optimised Hybrid Desalination Limited Proceso de desalinizacion por destilacion msf y aparato.
CN201367361Y (zh) * 2009-03-13 2009-12-23 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 一种箱柜式低温多效蒸馏海水淡化整体装置

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US6423187B1 (en) * 1998-12-11 2002-07-23 Ovation Products Corporation Heat exchanger mechanism using capillary wipers for a thin film distiller
WO2006002636A1 (fr) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-12 Idekontoret Aps Couche et module pour systeme de distillation a effet multiple
US20060260786A1 (en) * 2005-05-23 2006-11-23 Faffe Limited Composite wick structure of heat pipe
KR101218131B1 (ko) * 2010-12-15 2013-01-03 한국기계연구원 태양열과 폐열을 이용한 상압 방식의 다중효용 담수장치
KR101425413B1 (ko) * 2012-06-18 2014-07-31 한국기계연구원 투과체 플레이트 다단구조형 태양열 다중효용 담수화장치
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2302224T3 (es) * 2004-08-27 2008-07-01 O.H.D.L. Optimised Hybrid Desalination Limited Proceso de desalinizacion por destilacion msf y aparato.
CN201367361Y (zh) * 2009-03-13 2009-12-23 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 一种箱柜式低温多效蒸馏海水淡化整体装置

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JOUHARA, H. ET AL.: "Potential of heat pipe technology in nuclear seawater desalination.", DESALINATION., vol. 249, no. 3, 25 December 2009 (2009-12-25), pages 1055 - 1061 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2548106B1 (es) 2016-07-26
ES2473190A1 (es) 2014-07-03
ES2554550A1 (es) 2015-12-21
ES2554550B1 (es) 2016-09-28
ES2548106A1 (es) 2015-10-13
ES2473190B1 (es) 2015-06-11

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