WO2016110389A1 - Tube de commutation à vide - Google Patents

Tube de commutation à vide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016110389A1
WO2016110389A1 PCT/EP2015/080145 EP2015080145W WO2016110389A1 WO 2016110389 A1 WO2016110389 A1 WO 2016110389A1 EP 2015080145 W EP2015080145 W EP 2015080145W WO 2016110389 A1 WO2016110389 A1 WO 2016110389A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching contact
contact
movement
vacuum interrupter
flywheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2015/080145
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Bachmaier
Andreas GÖDECKE
Sylvio Kosse
Wolfgang Zöls
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2016110389A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016110389A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/44—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release having means for introducing a predetermined time delay
    • H01H71/446—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release having means for introducing a predetermined time delay making use of an inertia mass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H2003/3078—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor using an inertia element, e.g. a flywheel, to controll the energy released by the spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor

Definitions

  • Vakuumsehaltrschreibrschreiberhausene The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter tube.
  • Vacuum interrupters are today for switching medium and increasingly high voltage state of the art. Its spread continues to increase, partly because based on SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) switchgear due to the crivadli ⁇ chen effect of SF6 are increasingly being forced out of business. However, the substitution of SF6 as an insulating egg ⁇ ne challenge, as other insulating gases have a lower dielectric strength and therefore the switchgear surfactant-denziell less can be made compact.
  • SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • the compact design of the drive is a basic requirement for a compact overall switchgear. For example, in
  • EP2312606B1 describes the use of a magnetic drive in the same housing as the tube, resulting in a particularly compact unit. While older systems (eg the ABB system VM1) often have a leverage between the drive and the vacuum interrupter, recent work, such as CN201788887U or CN202159623U, suggests a direct drive, ie a direct, and therefore compact, connection between actuator and vacuum interrupter. A similar arrangement is given in the so-called “recloser” where the vacuum interrupter is also driven by a magnetic drive means Di ⁇ rektantrieb (see for example EP0580285A2 or CN2350863Y).
  • Spring-loaded actuators are often used to open or close switch contacts in vacuum interrupters.
  • Such drives are characterized by springs as Energyspei ⁇ cher and a drive and a tripping or locking device from.
  • the energy storage can be achieved in a linearly acting coil spring or possibly in a torsionally acting torsion spring.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved vacuum switching ⁇ tube, which enables energy-efficient closing and opening of the switch contacts in the tube. This object is achieved with a vacuum interrupter with the features specified in An ⁇ claim 1. Preferred Wide Erbil ⁇ developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
  • the vacuum interrupter according to the invention comprises a first and a second switching contact, which are arranged in a vacuum ⁇ , wherein the first switching contact linearly in a first direction along an axis to the second
  • Switching contact is movable in a contact position in which contact the first and second switching contact, and wherein the first switching contact linearly in a second direction opposite to the first direction along the axis se away from the second switching contact in an interruption ⁇ position is movable in which is the first and second
  • the interruption position is preferably the position with the maximum distance Zvi ⁇ rule the first and the second switching contact.
  • a mechanical oscillator with a flywheel and a drive wherein the flywheel is movable by means of energy from the drive with a (predetermined) oscillation frequency bar.
  • the drive is then coupled to the mechanical oscillator ⁇ rule to introduce mechanical energy from the drive to the oscillator (for example by biasing a spring). This introduced energy leads after disconnecting the drive to the movement of the oscillator or its flywheel with the oscillation frequency.
  • the mechanical oscillator is coupled to the first one
  • the vacuum interrupter according to the invention is characterized by at least one elastic member which is so attached ⁇ arranged that upon completion of a movement of the first switch contact by reaching the contact position the movement of the flywheel by deformation of the at least one elastic element (for a predetermined period) will continue.
  • the at least one elastic element is achieved in the vacuum interrupter according to the invention, that mechanical energy is temporarily stored and is not lost by impact of the first switching contact on the second switching contact. Consequently, the OF INVENTION ⁇ dung modern vacuum interrupter is energy efficient, so that smaller actuators can be used for the mechanical oscillator.
  • a compact construction of the vacuum interrupter is made possible.
  • the vacuum with the provided therein first and second switch contact, the mechanical oscillator (and therefore also its inertia mass and drive), the coupling and the at least one elastic Ele ⁇ element are preferably arranged in a common housing in which it ⁇ inventive vacuum interrupter whereby the Va ⁇ kuumschaltrschreibe is very compact.
  • the Oscil- is lationsfrequenz of the mechanical oscillator ⁇ provides such is that the average speed of the first switch contact for its movement in each of the first and second direction between the contact position and a predetermined distance from the first switch contact to the second switching contact a predetermined minimum value having. In this way, physical boundary conditions with regard to the extinguishment of an arc between the switch contacts are taken into appropriate consideration. In the detailed description, how an oscillation frequency can be set in accordance with the above requirement will be described in more detail.
  • the mechanical oscillator of the vacuum interrupter is a rotary vibrator having a rotary (i.e., rotationally moving)
  • Flywheel and the coupling with the first switching contact is designed such that it converts the rotational movement of the flywheel in the linear movement of the first switching ⁇ contact.
  • the coupling can be designed differently for the conversion of the rotational movement of the flywheel in the linear movement of the first switching ⁇ contact.
  • the coupling may comprise an arrangement of hinged rods and / or a recirculating ball thread and / or a cam system or possibly also other arrangements for movement conversion.
  • the above rotary oscillator comprises at least one torsion spring for generating the rotational movement of the flywheel.
  • the mechanical oscillator may also be a linear oscillator with a linearly moving flywheel.
  • the at least one elastic element comprises one or more (preferably prestressed) springs, in particular one or more linear springs.
  • the at least one elastic element is arranged in the coupling between the mechanical oscillator and the first switching contact. As a result, a simple construction of the vacuum interrupter is achieved.
  • the at least one elastic element is arranged such that it causes a movement of the mechanical oscillator relative to the first switching contact.
  • the rotational inertia mass is mounted for linear movement along or parallel to the axis of movement of the first switch contact.
  • at least one elastic element is vorgese ⁇ hen between one end of the at least one torsion spring and an abutment for the at least one torsion spring.
  • the vacuum interrupter includes a locking means for locking the first switch contact in the contact position and in the interrup ⁇ monitoring position.
  • the locking means preferably includes a free ⁇ running arrangement on the rotary flywheel with a first and a second activatable freewheel, wherein the first freewheel in the activated state, the movement of the first switching contact in the first direction allows and in the second direction locks, thereby locking in the contact position is achieved, and wherein the second freewheel in the activated state, the movement of the first switching contact in the second direction allows and locks in the first direction, whereby a locking in the interrupted position is achieved.
  • a simple locking mechanism is achieved, which takes into account the presence of the at least one elas ⁇ tables element in the vacuum interrupter.
  • a particularly simple construction of the freewheeling arrangement is achieved in a preferred variant, characterized in that the first free-wheel and the second freewheel each tooth flanks on the order ⁇ catch of the rotary inertia mass and at least one pawl ⁇ include wherein the at least one locking pawl by an actuator to engage and can be disengaged from the tooth flanks.
  • the first and the second freewheel are respectively activated when the at least one pawl is brought into engagement with the tooth flanks.
  • the tooth flanks belong to both the first and the second freewheel, whereby the freewheel assembly is particularly compact.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are schematic representations of the opening and closing of switch contacts in a vacuum interrupter according to the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the opening and closing ⁇ xs of switching contacts in a vacuum interrupter according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the opening and closing ⁇ xs of switching contacts in a vacuum interrupter according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an illustration of a construction of a vacuum interrupter according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show known from the prior art opening and closing mechanisms for switching contacts in a vacuum interrupter.
  • Within the vacuum of the interrupter be ⁇ there are the first switching contact 1 and the second switching contact 2.
  • the first switching contact 1 with the two ⁇ th switching contact 2 via a mechanical oscillator 3 in contact or can be brought out of contact.
  • the movement of the oscillator takes place by means of mechanical energy from a drive (not shown).
  • a conventional electric motor can be used, which is coupled via a switchable clutch, for example.
  • a piezomotor can also be used, or a linear drive with piezo drive,
  • Solenoid drive or active materials such as electroactive polymers whose linear movement via a ratchet or Ratchet principle can be implemented in a rotational movement.
  • Fig. 1 shows a mechanical oscillator 3 in the form of a linear oscillator with a linear spring with the spring constant ki.
  • the spring is connected via a rod 9 with the first switching contact 1.
  • the linearly oscillating mass is indicated schematically by the reference symbol m x .
  • Fig. 2 shows an opening and closing mechanism for the switch contacts 1 and 2 based on an oscillator 3 in the form of a rotary vibrator.
  • a torsion spring 5 instead of a linear spring as in Fig. 1, a torsion spring 5 is used, which causes the oscillation of a circular flywheel 4 with the weight m r about the axis of rotation R.
  • the torsion ⁇ spring 5 is supported on the stationary abutment 6 and has the spring constant k r . Since the first switching contact 1 is to be moved toward the second switching contact 2 and away from line ⁇ ar, the coupling 7 is se between the centrifugal mass 4 and the switching contact 1 configured such that a
  • the coupling 7 comprises two together
  • the rod 8 is rotatably mounted on äuße ⁇ ren edge of the flywheel 4, whereby the oscillations of the torsion spring 5 and the associated rotation of the flywheel 4 lead to a linear movement of the rod 9 and thus the switch contact 1.
  • the spring constants kx and k r are selected such that the natural frequency of the respective system corresponds to a desired dynamic with respect to the closing or opening speeds between the contacts.
  • the boundary condition is considered that an arc, which forms when opening or closing the switch contacts between them, sufficiently fast is deleted.
  • the contacts with a minimum sen GeWiS ⁇ speed / s is typically about 1 m, to be closed for a minimum spacing of the contacts and open must.
  • FIG. 3 a decoupling of the linear movement of the switching contacts and the movement of the rotary oscillator.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 is based on the system of FIG. 2, ie the mechanical oscillator 3 is in turn implemented via flywheel 4, torsion spring 5 and abutment 6.
  • hinged rods 8 and 9 reached.
  • a linear spring 10 having the spring constant ki in the rod 9 of the coupling 7 is in the variant of FIG. ⁇ to additionally provided.
  • the spring is biased and causes the linearly moving mass ⁇ of the rotationally moving mass m r and the associated torsion spring 5 is separated.
  • it is achieved by the spring 10 that upon completion of the movement of the first switching contact 1 by reaching the contact position with the
  • the separation between linear movement and rotational movement can also be made so that the entire rotary oscillator 3 is mounted to be movable linearly on its axis of rotation R in the vertical direction and the prestressed spring 10 between the abutment 6 and is disposed adjacent to the abutment end of the torsion spring 5. Also at this variant, the oscillatory motion of the oscillator continues by upsetting the spring 10 upon contact of the two switching contacts 1 and 2, whereby mechanical energy is stored ⁇ gie in the springs.
  • a linear oscillator similar to that shown in FIG. 1 may also be used instead of a rotary oscillator.
  • the invention can also be realized in that in the system of Fig. 1, an additional linear spring in the rod 9 is inte ⁇ grated, thereby decoupling the linear movement of the switching contact 1 of the now also linear BEWE ⁇ tion of the oscillator 3 is effected.
  • Fig. 4 uses a mechanism of activatable freewheels 20 and 21.
  • FIG. 4 The structure of the embodiment of Fig. 4 corresponds in principle to Fig. 3, but now the flywheel 4 has tooth flanks 11 on its outer periphery. For reasons of clarity, only one of the tooth flanks is designated by this reference symbol in FIG. 4.
  • the tooth flanks interact with a pawl 12 of the freewheel 20 and a pawl 14 of the freewheel 21.
  • an actuator 13 in the form of a solenoid the pawl 12 can be brought into engagement and out of engagement with the Zahlflanken 11.
  • a solenoid 15 is used to bring the pawl 14 into or out of engagement with the tooth flanks 11.
  • the two pawls 12 and 14 are designed so that they engage without actuation of the solenoids 13 and 15 in the tooth flanks.
  • a lock in the closed position of the switching contacts 1 and 2 can be effected.
  • the freewheel 21 is activated thereby, that the ⁇ latch lock 14 is brought into engagement with the tooth flanks 11, when the first switching contact 1 is removed from the second switching ⁇ contact 2, ie, when the flywheel 4 is rotated in a clockwise.
  • the direction of rotation of the flywheel which then causes a blocking of the flywheel on the pawl 14 and thus a lock in the interruption position changes.
  • the pawl 14 is rotated by actuation of the solenoid 15 upwards and thus brought out of engagement with the tooth flanks.
  • the two activatable freewheels just described need not be realized by a pawl mechanism. Instead, if necessary, also pinch rollers, clamping bodies or toothed discs can be used. According to the embodiment of FIG. 4, the two activatable freewheels are structurally connected to each other via the shared tooth flanks. Nevertheless, the freewheels can also be realized structurally separate from each other. As actuators for the freewheels also no solenoids must be used. The actuators can also be electromagnets, piezo actuators,
  • the locking over freewheels shown in Fig. 4 has the advantage that a lock in almost any Po ⁇ tions of the flywheel is possible. In this way, the torsion spring can initially be overloaded, ie it is held more energy than for an opening-closing
  • the rotational mass m r moves in the closed position further than necessary for closing the contacts via the displacement of the linear mass ⁇ .
  • care must be taken that the spring 10 is not compressed too much, since the contact system can normally withstand only certain maximum forces.
  • the contact pressure of the switching contact 1 is on the switching contact 2 in the order of 1000 to 3000 N.
  • Fig. 5 shows a structural design of another opening and closing mechanism for a vacuum tube according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing an end portion of the vacuum tube.
  • the rod 9 is designated, the front end of the switch contact 1 carries. This switching contact is not visible in the off ⁇ section of FIG. 5 and is located in the direction indicated by the arrow P direction.
  • the mechanical oscillator of the embodiment of FIG. 5 is again designated by reference numeral 3. It is realized via two oppositely acting torsion springs 5, which are shown in section and are angeord ⁇ net at the rear end of the tube.
  • the torsion springs cause a rotational BEWE ⁇ supply of a rod 22 which is in turn connected to a rotational inertia mass. 4
  • the rotation of the flywheel 4 is converted by a ball screw 16 in the linear movement of the rod 9. The decoupling of this linear movement of the rotational movement of the two torsion springs and the flywheel via the two prestressed springs 10, which are compressed when reaching the contact position between the switch contacts 1 and 2.
  • two activatable freewheels 20 and 21 are present. These are two structurally separate freewheels in ring construction, the in
  • the freewheel 20 is actuated via an actuator 13, which moves a pin 17 and thus a pawl 12.
  • the freewheel 20 locked in the activated state, the switching contact 1 in the contact position.
  • the actuators 13 and 15 are in the embodiment of Fig. 5 again solenoid actuators. However, other types of actuators may be used.
  • the embodiments of the invention described above have a number of advantages.
  • an additional elastic element or a linear spring the energy losses during the contact between the switching contacts of a vacuum tube can be reduced.
  • the actuators of the oscillator can be made smaller for moving the switching contacts.
  • This allowed ⁇ light is that the vacuum tube and the drive are performed in a com ⁇ pact composite, that are combined in a single housing. As a result, a more flexible arrangement of the tube and its switching mechanism and thereby a more compact and cheaper switching device is achieved.
  • the opening and closing mechanism of the embodiments described above operates with a mechanical oscillator according to the resonant principle, ie, the natural frequency of the oscillator is set by appropriate choice of the corresponding spring constants in the oscillator so that the desired dynamics, especially closing and ⁇ réellesge ⁇ speeds of the contact system, already purely passive, ie is achieved without further input of energy by actuators. This allows the use of a smaller and thus cheaper actuator.
  • the locking in the contact position or interruption position of the switching contacts is achieved in a simple and efficient manner by the combination of two activatable freewheels, which can be locked separately from each other.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un tube de commutation à vide qui comprend un premier et un second contact de commutation (1, 2) qui sont disposés dans le vide. Le premier contact de commutation (1) est mobile linéairement, le long d'un axe dans un premier sens de rapprochement du second contact de commutation (2), jusque dans une position de contact dans laquelle le premier et le second contact de commutation (1, 2) sont en contact l'un avec l'autre, et le premier contact de commutation (1) est mobile linéairement, le long de l'axe dans un second sens, opposé au premier sens, d'éloignement du second contact de commutation (2), jusque dans une position d'interruption dans laquelle le premier et le second contact de commutation (2) ne sont pas en contact l'un avec l'autre. Dans le tube de commutation à vide est prévu un oscillateur mécanique (3) pourvu d'une masse d'inertie (4) et d'un entraînement. La masse d'inertie (4) peut être déplacé avec une énergie d'oscillation provenant de l'entraînement. L'oscillateur mécanique (3) est accouplé au premier contact de commutation (1) par le biais d'un accouplement (7) de telle sorte que le déplacement du premier contact de commutation (1) dans les premier et second sens est commandé par le déplacement de la masse d'inertie (4). En outre, dans le tube de commutation à vide, au moins un élément élastique (10) est disposé de telle sorte que, une fois le déplacement du premier contact de commutation (1) a terminé parce que la position de contact a été atteinte, le déplacement de la masse d'inertie (4) se poursuit en raison de la déformation de l'au moins un élément élastique (10).
PCT/EP2015/080145 2015-01-08 2015-12-17 Tube de commutation à vide Ceased WO2016110389A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015200112.1A DE102015200112A1 (de) 2015-01-08 2015-01-08 Vakuumschaltröhre
DE102015200112.1 2015-01-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016110389A1 true WO2016110389A1 (fr) 2016-07-14

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ID=54884058

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2015/080145 Ceased WO2016110389A1 (fr) 2015-01-08 2015-12-17 Tube de commutation à vide

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102015200112A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016110389A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2025138A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-01-16 Merlin Gerin A circuit-breaker having a mechanical delay device
DE19602912A1 (de) * 1996-01-27 1997-07-31 Abb Patent Gmbh Antrieb für das bewegliche Kontaktstück eines elektrischen Schalters, insbesondere eines Vakuumschalters
US5777404A (en) * 1994-11-07 1998-07-07 Has; Peter Victor Rotating actuator
EP1553611A1 (fr) * 2004-01-06 2005-07-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Appareillage de commutation à vide

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60172530A (ja) * 1984-02-17 1985-09-06 積水化学工業株式会社 導電性プラスチツク発泡体シ−トもしくはフイルムおよびその製造方法
MX9304342A (es) 1992-07-20 1994-04-29 Gec Alsthom Ltd Reconectores automaticos.
CN2350863Y (zh) 1998-09-15 1999-11-24 孙衍津 直动式真空接触器
DE10238950B4 (de) 2002-08-24 2008-04-10 Abb Patent Gmbh Vakuumschaltgerät
JP5032217B2 (ja) 2007-06-22 2012-09-26 株式会社東芝 真空遮断器
EP2312606B1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2013-02-27 ABB Technology AG Actionneur magnétique bistable pour un disjoncteur de tension moyenne
CN201788887U (zh) 2010-07-27 2011-04-06 国网电力科学研究院 配双稳态永磁操动机构的直动式真空断路器
CN202159623U (zh) 2011-08-19 2012-03-07 珠海许继电气有限公司 极柱式永磁真空断路器

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2025138A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-01-16 Merlin Gerin A circuit-breaker having a mechanical delay device
US5777404A (en) * 1994-11-07 1998-07-07 Has; Peter Victor Rotating actuator
DE19602912A1 (de) * 1996-01-27 1997-07-31 Abb Patent Gmbh Antrieb für das bewegliche Kontaktstück eines elektrischen Schalters, insbesondere eines Vakuumschalters
EP1553611A1 (fr) * 2004-01-06 2005-07-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Appareillage de commutation à vide

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