WO2017135806A1 - Caisse monocoque pour véhicule et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Caisse monocoque pour véhicule et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017135806A1
WO2017135806A1 PCT/MY2017/000004 MY2017000004W WO2017135806A1 WO 2017135806 A1 WO2017135806 A1 WO 2017135806A1 MY 2017000004 W MY2017000004 W MY 2017000004W WO 2017135806 A1 WO2017135806 A1 WO 2017135806A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
composite material
materials
monocoque body
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/MY2017/000004
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nizamuddin BIN DAUD
Mohd Elyas Ariff BIN SHAIBUDIN
Ganeson Ponnambalam A/L ARUNACHALAM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sync R & D Sdn Bhd
Original Assignee
Sync R & D Sdn Bhd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sync R & D Sdn Bhd filed Critical Sync R & D Sdn Bhd
Publication of WO2017135806A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017135806A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D23/00—Combined superstructure and frame, i.e. monocoque constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
    • B62D29/046—Combined superstructure and frame, i.e. monocoque constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D31/00—Superstructures for passenger vehicles
    • B62D31/02—Superstructures for passenger vehicles for carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. omnibus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to road vehicles; and more particularly to a vehicle having a carrying capacity of at least 10 tonnes and above.
  • a vehicle comprises multiple moving parts which are supported by a skeletal structure or a frame, whereby the frame is accordingly adapted in a manner such that it can accommodate the body of the vehicle and plurality of components to operate the vehicle.
  • the method of assembling the vehicle body to the skeletal structure or frame is generally known as body-on-frame approach.
  • a body-on-frame structure denotes two entities, one being the body of the vehicle and secondly the frame on which the body of the vehicle is mounted.
  • Existing body-on-frame structures are typically constructed from metal-based materials or composite; hence can technically result to substantial amount of weight. Albeit being widely preferred for it durability; the structure suffers from numerous limitations; such as prohibitively costly materials and manufacturing costs; high fuel consumption especially for heavy-duty vehicles; and being substantially heavy which can result to low operational performance.
  • unibody construction In contrast to that of the body-on-frame construction, the unibody construction enables the body and frame to be formed as a single unit, with reinforcements at specific zones. At present, the unibody assembling approach is gaining momentum and has been largely replacing the conventional body-on-frame construction owing to its minimalism, lower manufacturing cost and higher performance. Unibody structures, also known as monocoque, are constructed significantly lighter than body-on-frame structures, which thereby translates to improved performance and fuel economy.
  • An aspect of the present invention is a vehicle monocoque body without a chassis, comprising: a support surface having a front end and a rear end; and is adapted for providing a base for the vehicle and for direct mounting of wheels; a top surface adapted as a roof for the vehicle; opposing lateral surfaces extending upwardly from the support surface; a front surface extending upwardly from the front end of the support surface and; a rear surface extending upwardly from the rear end of the support surface; characterised in that; the support surface, the top surface, the opposing lateral surfaces, the front and rear surfaces are formed from a composite material comprising a combination of kevlar, carbon and glass fibre materials; whereby the surfaces are joined together to form the vehicle monocoque body.
  • the surfaces are formed based on variable thicknesses to accommodate variable loads.
  • the body is formed with the composite material such that the load of the vehicle is spread proportionately across the vehicle monocoque body.
  • the composite material further includes a filler material for filling in at least one gap between the kevlar, carbon and glass fibre materials to increase the load bearing capacity without increasing the overall weight.
  • the filler material is foam.
  • the combination of at least two of kevlar, carbon and glass fibre materials is adapted as skin layers for the composite material.
  • the filler material forms the core layer for the composite material; hence sandwiched between the skin layers of the composite material.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a method of fabricating a composite material to be used in constructing a monocoque body of a vehicle comprising: providing at least two skin layers formed from a combination of at kevlar, carbon and glass fibre materials; wherein the kevlar, carbon and glass fibre materials are prepared in a manner such that they are structured in differing orientations and form a matrix structure; providing a filler material as a core layer arranging the layers in a manner such that the skin layers are sandwiching the core layer; and bonding the layers together to form the composite material.
  • the layers includes subjecting the layers to resin impregnation process and a curing process thereafter.
  • a composite material formed from kevlar, carbon and glass fibre materials to construct a vehicle body.
  • Another aspect is a method of manufacturing a vehicle having a carrying capacity of 10 tonnes and above, comprising: preparing a composite material from kevlar, carbon and fibre glass materials; forming a vehicle body based on the composite material; and securing a plurality of axles to the vehicle body for attachment of wheels.
  • FIG. 1A and FIG. IB illustrates an overall view of the vehicle body in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an overall process flow in fabricating the composite material in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3A illustrates an arrangement of the kevlar, carbon and glass fibre materials of the composite in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the skin layers sandwiching the core layer of the composite in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate examples of front and rear axle set that can be used for the vehicle body in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention is a monocoque body without a base chassis for a commercial passenger and load carrying electrical vehicle, and more particularly for an electrical bus. It is however anticipated that the monocoque body fabricated and constructed in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention can be applicable to other types of road vehicle.
  • the monocoque vehicle body 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention comprises a support surface 10, a top surface 11, opposing lateral surfaces 12, 14, front surface 16 and rear surface 18.
  • the opposing lateral surfaces 12, 14, front and rear surfaces 16, 18 are extending vertically from the support surface 10.
  • the method for forming these surfaces in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention is not particularly limited, but these surfaces are constructed from a composite material, linked together as a unitary structure, or referred herein as unibody vehicle structure.
  • the composite material that is used to construct the surfaces thereby the vehicle monocoque body in accordance with the present invention will be described in much greater detail in the succeeding paragraphs. It is also understood that there are many ways of implementing the linking or connecting the surfaces to form the unitary body; using different conventional or standard technologies.
  • the surfaces may be constructed separately as sub-segments or sub-assemblies and then secured together or in its entirety as a vehicle body, by way of; but not limiting to; injection- molding.
  • the composite composition of each surface or parts of the vehicle monocoque body according to the embodiments of the present invention is customised based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA); at which with the output of the analysis, the properties or characteristics, including the strength for each surface or as a whole body required for varying load requirements, can be determined.
  • FSA Finite Element Analysis
  • the unitary monocoque vehicle body in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention takes the form of the composite material and may be formed through a single-step molding process; or any conventional unitary molding principles or processes that results to a final shape or configuration as clearly illustrated in the drawing figures.
  • the composite material in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention comprises multiple layers of materials being held in place or laminated in a manner such that there is no transverse load on the fibres.
  • the composite comprises at least one type or a combination of; fibre glass, kevlar fibre and carbon fibre materials, all integrated or fabricated into a composite material. These materials may be laminated or held together by means of resin impregnation, followed by a curing process to obtain its final form.
  • a skin layer or sheet is prepared from at least one or a combination of kevlar, carbon and glass fibre materials at S201; , and then structured such that they are applied on top of each other or structured with differing orientations hence forming a matrix structure at S202. It should be noted that the layer of materials are held together via any standard or conventional technique, for example, stitch-bonding. Each combination of kevlar, carbon and glass fibre bonded sheets is adapted to form a skin layer of the composite.
  • a core layer is prepared from a foam material, with a predetermined thickness.
  • the bonded materials are then arranged in a manner such they sandwich the foam core layer at S204.
  • the formed sandwich is then subjected to a resin impregnation process at S205, which can be performed by means of vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) technique.
  • VARTM vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding
  • air and liquid resin are driven out from the materials by placing the bonded materials under vacuum conditions. As a result, the air gaps between the layers can be reduced and provide a strong and well-bonded composite.
  • the fibre glass and carbon materials in the composite material may be of organic or inorganic fibers, whereby non-limiting examples of fibers that may be utilized in to form the composite material include glass fibers, wool glass fibers, natural fibers, mineral fibers, graphite fibers, nanofibers, or combinations thereof.
  • materials of the composite may be functionalised by chemical elements or prepared in combination with other compounds, or with other materials such as polycarbonate or any thermoplastic durable materials, whereby these materials may originally prepared as flakes, granule, or a powder prior to being formed into sheets.
  • the kevlar material used in the present invention may of any type of kevlar materials; or any polymerised plastic materials that can serve and deliver the results as intended in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the thickness of the composite material may vary depending on the desired load bearing capacity of the vehicle. It is fabricated to be lightweight and can be manufactured in a cost-effective manner. Each material layer of the composite is applied in varying arrangements such that metal reinforcements can be avoided; and in a manner such that the final form is a durable matrix structure that is elastically deformable. Examples of potential positioning or arrangement of layers to form the composite material of the present invention are illustrated in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B. [0029] With reference to FIG. 3B, in one embodiment, the layers are applied on top of each other, or structured in multiple orientations, such that they form a multidirectional composite, at predetermined angles with differing axial directions. In one embodiment, the layers may be bonded at predetermined bonding points.
  • the foam material as discussed in the preceding paragraphs serves as a spacer thereby core material in between the two layers of either kevlar, carbon or fibre glass layers; or a combination thereof. Still referring to FIG. 4, it is evident that, in another possible arrangement, as a result to the multi-oriented or multidirectional layers of the fibres, the arrangement emulates an "I" beam geometry thereby providing additional strength to the composite without additional weight.
  • a lightweight material such as foam as a core layer thereby as a filler material to provide a gap in between the layers of kevlar, carbon and glass fibres of the composite material; aids to increase the load bearing capacity without increasing the weight of the vehicle body; by providing a gap between the skin layers allowing proportional load spread of the vehicle body 1.
  • the support surface 10 is generally adapted to form a floor structure or base portion of the vehicle and comprises wheel and axle interfaces 10a, 10b.
  • the support surface 10 functions as a chassis, hence eliminating the prerequisite of a chassis for mounting of wheels to the vehicle body.
  • the support surface 10 comprises a rear end and a front end, whereby both the front and rear ends of the support surface 10 are adapted accordingly to receive the front and rear surfaces 16, 18.
  • the wheel and axle interfaces 10a may include recesses accordingly and uniformly sized to serve as wheel wells and receive the front and rear wheels and axles of the vehicle. With the presence of the recesses there may be a plurality of raised portions 10c from the support surface 10.
  • the support surface 10 is formed with a predetermined dimension, and can be generally rectangular, sufficiently sized to at least accommodate electrical components. It is anticipated that there is no geometrical limitation for the support surface 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and is adapted to include or accommodate other conventional components required for the operational effect of the vehicle.
  • the support surface 10 may further include compartments or stowage spaces.
  • the support surface 10 is further adapted to accommodate means for attaching the axle for the wheels and suspension assembly to the monocoque vehicle body 1; whereby each axle set is directly coupled to the underside of the support surface 10, such that the wheels are disposed within the recesses of the wheel and axle interfaces 10a, to support and provide mobility for the monocoque body of the vehicle 1.
  • the wheel set can be directly mounted to the support surface 10 without the interposition of a frame or additional mounting surface.
  • Fastening means including bolts or the like can be used to secure the wheel and axle set to the support surface 10. This arrangement may be used for each axle set for the vehicle.
  • the axle set may include axle support means 13 for attachment to the support surface 10 of the vehicle body.
  • An example of the front axle set is as illustrated in FIG. 5A.
  • the axle support means 13 for the front axle may include fixture 131 with fastening or coupling means 132 adapted for attaching the fixture 131 to the support surface 10.
  • the fixture 131 may include a triangular rib having multiple portions accordingly adapted to be attached to the wheels and a pair of joint means 133 to the vehicle body 1.
  • the axle support means may include a hollow body 134 for which the axle can extend through; and at least two set of arms 135, extending from the body 134.
  • the support means is adapted for removable attachment to the underside of the support surface 10.
  • the free end of each arm may be adapted to include fastening or coupling means for securing to the support surface 10.
  • the steering bevel gear mechanism may be directly secured to the vehicle body 1 by suitable coupling means as shown in FIG.6.
  • the top surface 11 is generally adapted to form the roof of the vehicle body 1, accordingly sized to match that of the support surface 10, and for attachment to one end of the opposing lateral surfaces 12, 14.
  • the top surface 11 is further accordingly adapted for mounting or installation of rooftop conditioning means, to provide conditional air within the interior of the vehicle.
  • the top surface 11 of the present invention is constructed with the composite material such that it forms both the mounting surface for the conditioning means and the roof the vehicle.
  • the lateral surfaces 12, 14 is generally adapted to form the side walls or frames of the vehicle body, whereby each lateral surface 12, 14 extends vertically from the support surface 10.
  • the lateral surfaces 12, 14 are contiguously attached to the support surface 10.
  • the lateral surfaces 12, 14 are formed with plurality of cut-out portions 12a, 14a; the cut-out portions are accordingly sized and adapted as windows or doors for the vehicle.
  • the lateral surfaces 12, 14 are formed generally symmetrical to each other and disposed at opposing locations; relative to the support surface 10.
  • the front and rear surfaces 16, 18 are adapted such that they extend upwardly from the support surface 10.
  • the front surface 16 is accordingly sized to match that of the rear surface 18, and both having a width that preferably matches that of the support surface 10.
  • Both of the front and rear surfaces 16, 18 may be adapted to accommodate or equipped with attachment portions or spaces for enabling mounting or engagement of removable bumpers, impact absorbers, or members of the likes.
  • the front surface 16 may be constructed such that it includes at least one opening sufficiently sized such that it can be adapted as a windshield for the vehicle, and the same can be provided for the rear surface 18.
  • the surfaces of the vehicle body 1 may be manufactured in different sizes and thicknesses to cater for different load bearing capacity. Understandably, the dimensions for the surfaces and the overall vehicle body 1 in accordance to the embodiments of the present invention may vary.
  • the exact shape of the vehicle including their contours, aspect ratios, thicknesses, angle of inclination of any of the surfaces and any other parameters that define the shape may differ from one implementation to another to suit the different requirements of the vehicle. It is understood optimising the exact shape and load capacity of the monocoque body for the vehicle includes the use of modern software in determining and verifying the overall vehicle performance.
  • the structure can be adapted or designed for specific loads while maintaining the lightweight principle.
  • the structure can be adapted to be reinforced by adjusting the parameters of the composite, such as; but not limiting to increasing the thickness of composite; or allowing some portions of the vehicle body 1 to be stronger or weak at other areas.
  • the latter optimises the vehicle's safety features and designs by not compromising overall body rigidity thereby creating a dynamic crash response characteristics, compared to that of the conventional vehicles.
  • the complete electric vehicle will include the main electronic control system which controls the vehicle and perform supervisory and protection functions.
  • the main electronic control system may be configured and expanded to communicate with and supply power to the wheels of the vehicle constructed in accordance with the present invention to realise the full functionality of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, il est décrit une caisse monocoque de véhicule formée sans châssis, comprenant : une surface de support (10) ayant une extrémité avant et une extrémité arrière; et qui est prévue pour fournir une base pour le véhicule et pour permettre un accouplement direct des essieux destinés à recevoir des roues; une surface supérieure (11) servant de toit pour le véhicule; des surfaces latérales opposées (12, 14) s'étendant vers le haut depuis la surface de support (10); une surface avant (16) s'étendant vers le haut depuis l'extrémité avant de la surface de support (10) et une surface arrière (18) s'étendant vers le haut depuis l'extrémité arrière de la surface de support (10). La surface de support (10), la surface supérieure (11), les surfaces latérales opposées (12, 14), et les surfaces avant et arrière (16, 18) sont formées d'un matériau composite comprenant une combinaison d'au moins deux matériaux comprenant des matériaux en fibre de verre, de carbone et de kevlar; les surfaces étant assemblées les unes aux autres pour former la caisse monocoque du véhicule (1).
PCT/MY2017/000004 2016-02-04 2017-01-31 Caisse monocoque pour véhicule et procédé pour sa fabrication Ceased WO2017135806A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MYPI2016700433 2016-02-04
MYPI2016700433 2016-02-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017135806A1 true WO2017135806A1 (fr) 2017-08-10

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PCT/MY2017/000004 Ceased WO2017135806A1 (fr) 2016-02-04 2017-01-31 Caisse monocoque pour véhicule et procédé pour sa fabrication

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022202542A1 (fr) * 2021-03-25 2022-09-29 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Structure sans marche d'une surface inférieure d'habitacle
CN115485185A (zh) * 2020-01-06 2022-12-16 沃尔克霍尔塞集团公司 包括单壳体式结构的陆地车辆和用于制造该陆地车辆的模块化模具系统
JP2025089390A (ja) * 2020-01-06 2025-06-12 ワークホース グループ， インク． モジュラー型システムを使用して陸上車両のモノコック構造を作製する方法
US12403838B2 (en) 2020-01-06 2025-09-02 Workhorse Group Inc. Electric vehicles incorporating flatbeds and methods associated therewith
US12479509B2 (en) 2020-01-06 2025-11-25 Workhorse Group Inc. Land vehicles incorporating removable powertrain units, powertrain units, and methods therefor

Citations (5)

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US5988074A (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-11-23 Trn Business Trust Composite roof for a railway car
US7000978B1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-21 Frank Messano Thin-skin ultralight recreational vehicle body system
US20100078245A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-01 Bernard Frank Rolfe Chassis for pneumatic vehicle
US20100140975A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2010-06-10 Hankuk Fiber Glass Co., Ltd. Integrated Composite-Material Vehicle Body for a Transportation Vehicle, and a Production Method Therefor
US20110017384A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc Composite fuselage for vehicles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5988074A (en) * 1997-12-23 1999-11-23 Trn Business Trust Composite roof for a railway car
US7000978B1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-21 Frank Messano Thin-skin ultralight recreational vehicle body system
US20100140975A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2010-06-10 Hankuk Fiber Glass Co., Ltd. Integrated Composite-Material Vehicle Body for a Transportation Vehicle, and a Production Method Therefor
US20100078245A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-01 Bernard Frank Rolfe Chassis for pneumatic vehicle
US20110017384A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc Composite fuselage for vehicles

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115485185A (zh) * 2020-01-06 2022-12-16 沃尔克霍尔塞集团公司 包括单壳体式结构的陆地车辆和用于制造该陆地车辆的模块化模具系统
JP2023510726A (ja) * 2020-01-06 2023-03-15 ワークホース グループ， インク． モノコック構造を組み込む陸上車両及びモノコック構造を作製するためのモジュラー型システム
JP2025089390A (ja) * 2020-01-06 2025-06-12 ワークホース グループ， インク． モジュラー型システムを使用して陸上車両のモノコック構造を作製する方法
US12403838B2 (en) 2020-01-06 2025-09-02 Workhorse Group Inc. Electric vehicles incorporating flatbeds and methods associated therewith
JP7736694B2 (ja) 2020-01-06 2025-09-09 ワークホース グループ， インク． モノコック構造を組み込む陸上車両及びモノコック構造を作製するためのモジュラー型システム
US12479509B2 (en) 2020-01-06 2025-11-25 Workhorse Group Inc. Land vehicles incorporating removable powertrain units, powertrain units, and methods therefor
WO2022202542A1 (fr) * 2021-03-25 2022-09-29 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Structure sans marche d'une surface inférieure d'habitacle
JP2022149627A (ja) * 2021-03-25 2022-10-07 いすゞ自動車株式会社 車室床面のノンステップ構造
JP7212867B2 (ja) 2021-03-25 2023-01-26 いすゞ自動車株式会社 車室床面のノンステップ構造

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