WO2017152913A2 - Procédé d'extrusion et dispositif d'extrusion pour réaliser un tube céramique refermé avec un fond - Google Patents

Procédé d'extrusion et dispositif d'extrusion pour réaliser un tube céramique refermé avec un fond Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017152913A2
WO2017152913A2 PCT/DE2017/100183 DE2017100183W WO2017152913A2 WO 2017152913 A2 WO2017152913 A2 WO 2017152913A2 DE 2017100183 W DE2017100183 W DE 2017100183W WO 2017152913 A2 WO2017152913 A2 WO 2017152913A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
closure piece
mouthpiece
mandrel
cylinder bore
closed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2017/100183
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2017152913A3 (fr
Inventor
Martin Hofacker
Lutz Kiesel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of WO2017152913A2 publication Critical patent/WO2017152913A2/fr
Publication of WO2017152913A3 publication Critical patent/WO2017152913A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
    • B28B3/2627—Extrusion dies using means for making hollow objects with transverse walls, e.g. hollow objects closed on all sides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an extrusion device and a method for extruding hollow ceramic bodies closed on one side, as are known generically from DE 689 03 344 T2.
  • the patent specification GB 440 949 A describes a device for extruding very thin-walled ceramic tubes with wall thicknesses of a few 100 ⁇ m and lengths of 0.5 m to 1 m.
  • the ceramic tubes are open at both ends. For manufacturing reasons, it may be provided to squeeze out of the extrusion device emerging open end of the still malleable ceramic tube and thereby close airtight.
  • the interior of the squeezed ceramic tube is first vented through a vent in the mandrel of the extrusion die.
  • compressed air is ultimately supplied via the ventilation opening until the ceramic tube comes to bear against the inner wall of a mold on the outside.
  • the thus formed ceramic tube is removed with the mold from the extrusion die and allowed to dry in the mold. Due to the onset of drying shrinkage, the ceramic tube dissolves from the mold. The demoulding takes place by virtue of force and deformation, but each form of a ceramic tube must be kept in each case.
  • a device is known, can be produced by extrusion on one side closed hollow body. To produce the hollow body profile, an extrusion tool with a mandrel is used in the mouthpiece. To form the hollow body on one side closing the bottom, a closure piece is temporarily placed on the mouthpiece.
  • the mandrel and the closure piece are shaped according to the desired shape of the bottom, wherein the remaining between the mandrel and the closure piece cavity determines the bottom thickness.
  • a pressed into the extrusion die plastic mass first fills this cavity, whereby the bottom is formed. This displaced air can escape through a vent in the stopper.
  • the vent is closed with a closure device as soon as plastic mass emerges from the vent opening.
  • the closure device fills the volume of the vent hole in the closed state completely, so that the expanded there during extrusion plastic mass is forced back into the cavity and compacted.
  • the closure piece can be removed from the mouthpiece and the remaining hollow body profile extruded to length, wherein the soil is released from the mandrel and moved away from it.
  • the mandrel In order to prevent the collapse of the hollow body closed on one side by the resulting during movement of the hollow body over the mandrel negative pressure, the mandrel has a vent opening.
  • the ventilation opening is provided with a non-return valve, which automatically opens at a corresponding negative pressure and remains closed when the plastic compound is pressed into the extrusion tool.
  • About the properties of the plastic mass is revealed that they are coal masses.
  • the negative pressure required to open the check valve may already cause a deformation of the hollow profile.
  • the high pressures occurring in the extrusion tool can also cause the ceramic material, depending on the viscosity, can penetrate into the closed check valve, deposits and affects the automatic function of the check valve. Furthermore, when removing a thin-walled floor there is a risk that the still-moist ceramic material passes through Adhesion adheres to the closure piece and is damaged when removing the closure piece.
  • the published patent application EP 1 075 916 A2 describes a method for producing a bottom on a ceramic tube by extrusion.
  • the bottom is formed in a cavity between the spike of the mouthpiece and a closure piece temporarily closing the mouthpiece.
  • a coaxial with the mouthpiece arranged vent opening is provided for venting the cavity during the extrusion of the bottom.
  • a vent opening escaping ceramic mass can be pressed back by means of a movable piston in the cavity. This achieves a uniform density of the ceramic mass in the soil.
  • the aforementioned patent DE 689 03 344 T2 discloses a method for extruding a hollow body (sleeve) made of ceramic closed on one side, in which the adhesion of the soil to an extrusion device is to be prevented.
  • the extrusion device has a mouthpiece and a mandrel (core member) disposed coaxially therewith. To form the bottom of the mouthpiece is temporarily closed with a closure piece (pressure plate).
  • a piston is guided, determines the free end of the piston together with the closure piece, the shape of the bottom.
  • the piston is movably mounted in a vent (passage opening) in the mandrel, wherein the ventilation opening is guided by means of a channel (air passage opening) through the interior of the piston.
  • the free piston end and the closure piece are advantageously made of a porous material, so that the suction and introduction of air, especially on the closure piece, can be distributed over a surface.
  • air is blown through the closure piece of porous material or through a vent opening (passage opening) in the closure piece to more easily detach the closure piece from the floor.
  • the use of the porous surfaces as a contact surface for the floor also has disadvantages.
  • ceramic material can penetrate into the pores, assisted by the suction through the porous surface of the closure piece.
  • the plastic impression of the porous surface of the soil can form a surface roughness
  • the individual surveys are unfavorably large in relation to the wall thickness and, depending on how deep the ceramic material penetrates into the pores, can lead to an adhesion of the ceramic mass.
  • the adhesion can be solved again with an overpressure applied by the porous surface structure.
  • the applied overpressure can already lead to damage of the still plastically moldable soil.
  • the porous surface at the high pressures in the extrusion die can easily clog with ceramic mass, so that sufficient or only a non-uniform ventilation or aeration is achieved when the pressure in the pores is insufficient as a self-cleaning effect.
  • the controlled movement of the piston in the mandrel is not ensured, as a sliding of the piston in the mandrel to the respective stops (stopper or conical seat) takes place and the relative movement is coupled to the positive or negative pressure in the mandrel.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device suitable for this purpose, which implement a simple and secure way of deformation-free demoulding of soils very thin-walled ceramic extrusion profiles.
  • Fig. 1 shows a basic structure of an extrusion apparatus for producing a closed with a bottom ceramic tube in the closed state
  • Fig. 2 shows the basic structure of the extrusion device shown in Fig. 1 in the open state and with open cylinder bore in the mandrel.
  • the extrusion apparatus for producing a ceramic tube 2 sealed with a bottom 1 basically has a mouthpiece 3 and a mandrel 4 arranged coaxially therein.
  • a cylinder bore 5 is arranged in the mandrel 4 coaxially.
  • a lifting cylinder 6.2 is arranged coaxially in the cylinder bore 5, which is connected to one or more access channels 4.4 and closed by a piston head 6.1.
  • the piston head 6.1 is connected to a piston 6, which is guided in the lifting cylinder 6.2.
  • a mouthpiece 3 occluding, temporarily removable closure piece 7 is arranged with a vent hole 7.1, wherein the inner shape of the closure piece 7 and the outer shape of the mandrel 4, with the piston head 6.1, define a gap 8, which the shape of the produced Soil 1 corresponds.
  • the mouthpiece 3 for extruding the ceramic tube 2 has a circular cross-section.
  • the rotationally symmetrical mandrel 4 is accommodated coaxially on a mouthpiece axis 3.1 of the mouthpiece 3.
  • the remaining between the mandrel 4 and the mouthpiece 3 annular cross-section determines the wall thickness of an extruded ceramic tube 2.
  • the circular cross-section can, for. B. have a diameter between 10 - 60 mm, the wall thicknesses can be conveniently between 200 ⁇ and 1 mm.
  • the production of larger, but also smaller diameters / dimensions with different wall thicknesses is possible, for. B.
  • the mouthpiece 3 is closed with the closure piece 7, wherein a gap 8 is formed between the mouthpiece 3 and the closure piece 7.
  • the closure piece 7 is attached thereto with a detachable connection to the mouthpiece 3 and seals the circular cross section of the mouthpiece 3, except for the ventilation hole intended for ventilation 7.1, completely off.
  • the mandrel 4 and the closure piece 7 are shaped according to the desired shape of the bottom 1, z. B., as shown in Fig. 1, hemispherical. A remaining between the inner shape of the closure piece 7 and the outer shape of the mandrel 4 gap 8 determines with its gap width, the wall thickness of the bottom first
  • the wall thickness of the bottom 1 advantageously corresponds to the wall thickness of the ceramic tube 2.
  • a pressed into the extrusion device during extrusion of the bottom 1 ceramic mass displaces the air located in the gap 8, which escapes through a provided in the closure piece 7 open vent hole 7.1.
  • the vent hole 7.1 consists of a coaxial with the mouthpiece 3 extending central bore 7.2 and at an acute angle to the central bore 7.2 out and away from the mouthpiece 3 channel bore 7.3.
  • the vent hole 7.1 can be closed with an axially movable pin 7.4 so far fills the central bore 7.2 that the ceramic material that has leaked through the central bore 7.2, by means of the pin 7.4 in the gap 8 of Mouthpiece 3 is recompressed and sheared through the channel bore 7.3 ceramic mass is sheared off.
  • a second channel bore 7.3 is arranged at an angle to the extrusion direction and has at least the diameter of the axial central bore 7.2, then due to the self-cleaning effect, no already dried ceramic mass is recompressed into the bottom region.
  • the pin 7.4 is performed clean in the closure piece 7 and the pressure increase in the extrusion device is low.
  • the feed path and the length of the central bore 7.2 of the pin 7.4 can be adjusted so that the pin 7.4 is flush with the inner contour of the closure piece 7 and thus no deviation in shape in the bottom area is recorded.
  • the closure piece 7 is removed from the mouthpiece 3 for this purpose.
  • the closure piece 7 can advantageously be heated.
  • the ceramic mass is heated adjacent to the closure piece 7.
  • the residual moisture present in the ceramic mass is at least partially evaporated and forms an expanding air cushion between the ceramic mass and the closure piece 7, through which the closure piece 7 separates from the bottom 1.
  • the heating of the closure piece 7 should preferably be carried out in less than 30 s to a temperature necessary for the evaporation of water (liquids) so as not to unnecessarily prolong the production time for producing a hollow body closed on one side.
  • resistance heating elements for example heating sleeves, tapes, cartridges
  • inductive heating elements can be used.
  • the closure piece 7 is advantageous via a heat-insulating component, and in the case of using inductive heating elements and electrically insulating component, for. B. Teflon, which is arranged between the mouthpiece 3 and the closure piece 7, isolated from the mouthpiece 3.
  • Teflon Teflon
  • a rapid cooling of the inside facing the bottom 1 and determining its shape should take place for the crack-free production of the subsequent hollow body closed on one side.
  • the closure piece 7 can be cooled in a very short time, it is advantageously cooled, for. B. by cooling fluid through appropriately designed channels (not shown in the drawings) in the closure piece 7 is performed.
  • the introduced into the mandrel 4 cylinder bore 5 is a blind hole. It begins at the bottom 1 forming surface of the mandrel 4 and is continued into the conical neck 4.2 of the mandrel 4, where it ends in the region of at least one of the conical neck 4.2 supporting Ziehnchstrebe 4.3. There, the cylinder bore 5 is connected to at least one access channel 4.4, which is led out of the extrusion device and is connected to a gas supply. The at least one access channel 4.4 is guided through the interior of the drawing cross bar 4.3.
  • the gas supply can be done from the ambient air, so that the cylinder bore 5 with ambient air (gas) can be filled with atmospheric pressure.
  • the at least one access channel 4.4 can be connected to a gas supply in the form of a gas reservoir, so that the closed cylinder bore 5 can be filled with a gas with overpressure.
  • the supplied through the cylinder bore 5 gas is used exclusively for ventilation of the interior of the ceramic tube 2.
  • the gas is used to open the sealed during extrusion of the bottom 1 with the piston head 6.1 cylinder bore 5, as is known from the prior art. If the cylinder bore 5 is opened by the piston head 6.1 and thus also the bottom 1 is lifted off the mandrel 4, the gas in the cylinder bore 5 flows, thus preventing a negative pressure in the resulting interior space between the mandrel 4 and the bottom 1 of the formed In the case that in the closed cylinder bore 5 there is an overpressure, this is only slightly greater than the ambient pressure which prevails outside of the hollow body closed on one side (normal pressure) in order to avoid exploding of the bottom 1.
  • the access of the cylinder bore 5 is closed at the surface of the mandrel 4 with the piston head 6.1 and opened.
  • the piston head 6.1 is precisely fitted in the access of the cylinder bore 5, so that it seals the cylinder bore 5 securely against invading ceramic material and preferably also gas-tight.
  • the piston head 6.1 forms a part of the outer shape of the mandrel 4 in the closed state of the cylinder bore 5 and is adapted in its outer shape to the shape of the bottom 1.
  • the piston head 6.1 is fixedly connected to the piston 6, which runs in a lifting cylinder 6.2, which is arranged within the cylinder bore 5 along the mouthpiece axis 3.1.
  • the lifting cylinder 6.2 is centered and firmly anchored within the cylinder bore 5, wherein between the lifting cylinder 6.2 and the cylinder bore 5 a gap for passing through the access channel 4.4 supplied gas remains.
  • the lifting cylinder 6.2 is a pneumatic cylinder.
  • the movement of the piston 6 is effected by a controlled supply of compressed air in the pneumatic cylinder.
  • the pneumatic cylinder is connected via a connecting line 6.3 with a compressor 9 and the controlled supply of compressed air via the position of connected to a control unit 6.4 valves that differentiate the passage of the connecting line 6.3.
  • the Connecting line 6.3 is preferably laid through the access channel 4.4.
  • the movement of the piston 6 and thus of the piston head 6.1 by the pneumatic cylinder, the separate supply via the connecting cable 6.3 is completely independent of the on the access channel 4.4 added or discharged gases.
  • the movement of the piston 6 is differentially controlled by means of the control unit 6.4, so that between the closed or fully open position of the mandrel 4 of the piston head 6.1 can continuously take all intermediate positions.
  • a one-sided pneumatic cylinder is used. Compared to a two-sided pneumatic cylinder, only one compressed air line is required for its supply.
  • the spring force of the arranged in one-sided pneumatic cylinder compression spring generates a sufficient restoring force to return the piston head 6.1 back to the mandrel 4, so that it is closed. It can also be a two-sided pneumatic cylinder can be used or a lifting cylinder, which is driven hydraulically or electromechanically.
  • a ceramic mass is pressed through the mouthpiece 3 into the sealed with the closure piece 7 extrusion device so that the ceramic material fills the gap 8 between the mandrel 4 and the closure piece 7, whereby the bottom 1 of the ceramic tube 2 is formed in a wall thickness corresponding to the gap width.
  • the gap 8 previously filling air is displaced during the pressing of the ceramic material and can escape through the vent hole 7.1 in the closure piece 7.
  • the pressing is stopped when the ceramic material emerges through the vent hole 7.1.
  • the vent hole 7.1 is then sealed, with the located in the vent hole 7.1 ceramic mass through the pin 7.4 to the Surface of the voltage applied to the bottom 1 closure piece 7 is recompressed.
  • the floor 1 is then completed.
  • the extrusion of the adjoining the bottom 1 ceramic tube 2 can be done.
  • the extrusion device is opened by the closure piece 7 is removed from the mouthpiece 3.
  • the risk is favored by the properties of the ceramic mass, which is still very easily plastically moldable at this time and which may have high adhesion forces to the closure piece 7 due to the moisture present in the ceramic mass. For these reasons, the closure piece 7 is heated.
  • Heating causes the residual moisture present in the ceramic material to evaporate, so that an expanding air cushion is formed between the closure piece 7 and the ceramic mass of the base 1 resting against the closure piece 7. Due to the forming air cushion, the bottom 1 dissolves very gently from the closure piece 7. Since the release takes place with the mouthpiece 3 closed, any mechanical stress on the bottom 1 is avoided. After complete release of the bottom 1 of the closure piece 7, this can be lifted without risk of damaging the bottom 1 of the mouthpiece 3.
  • the residual moisture of the ceramic material which is partially vaporized by heating, also contributes to the fact that the bottom 1 after heating is inherently more stable than before and can no longer plastically deform so easily.
  • the heating of the tool parts should take place substantially flat on the inside of the closure piece 7 and the front side of the dome 4. Depending on the humidity and saturation vapor pressure of the ambient air, temperatures of> 100 ° C. may be necessary for a few seconds, but even significantly lower temperatures lead to an evaporation effect of the ceramic material, which promotes demolding.
  • the bottom 1 In the subsequent extrusion of the ceramic tube 2, the bottom 1 must be solved with its inside of the mandrel 4. In addition, the resulting during the extrusion of the ceramic tube 2 on the mandrel 4 and enlarging interior of the ceramic tube 2 must be vented to a pressure equalization between the To reach the interior and the environment and to prevent the collapse of the ceramic tube 2.
  • the release of the bottom 1 from the mandrel 4 is optionally promoted by the previously reduced when heating residual moisture of the ceramic material.
  • the movement of the piston head 6.1 is controlled, by means of a control unit 6.4.
  • the control unit 6.4 drives a lifting cylinder 6.2, preferably a pneumatic cylinder, with which the piston head 6.1 is moved independently of the ventilation of the interior.
  • the pneumatic cylinder is supplied with compressed air, so that the cylinder bore 5 is opened and the ventilation of the interior is ensured from the beginning.
  • the piston head 6.1 After opening the cylinder bore 5 of the mandrel 4, the piston head 6.1, supporting the bottom 1, with the progressively forming ceramic tube 2 carried a piece.
  • the movement is controlled by the control unit 6.4 according to the extrusion direction and the extrusion speed. If a maximum travel of the piston head 6.1 is reached, the pressure of the pneumatic cylinder can be reduced, whereupon the distance from the piston head 6.1 to the cylinder bore 5 decreases again and the piston head 6.1 disengages from the bottom 1. However, the cylinder bore 5 is not completely closed, so that gas can continue to flow into the further enlarging interior. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)

Abstract

Le dispositif d'extrusion présente : une embouchure (3) ; un mandrin (4) disposé de manière coaxiale par rapport à l'embouchure, mandrin dans lequel un piston (6) peut se mouvoir dans un alésage de cylindre (5) de manière coaxiale, le piston présentant une tête de piston (6.1) qui referme l'alésage de cylindre (5) ; une pièce de fermeture (7) qui referme l'embouchure (3) et peut être retirée temporairement, la forme intérieure de la pièce de fermeture (7) et la forme extérieure du mandrin (4) délimitant un espace (8) dont la forme correspond à la forme du fond (1) à réaliser. À l'intérieur de l'alésage de cylindre (5) est disposé un cylindre de mouvement alternatif (6.2) dans lequel le piston (6) peut se mouvoir indépendamment de la pression du gaz qui règne dans l'alésage de cylindre (5). Avantageusement, la pièce de fermeture (7) est chauffée et peut être refroidie.
PCT/DE2017/100183 2016-03-10 2017-03-09 Procédé d'extrusion et dispositif d'extrusion pour réaliser un tube céramique refermé avec un fond Ceased WO2017152913A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016104387.7A DE102016104387B4 (de) 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 Extrusionsverfahren und Extrusionsvorrichtung zur Herstellung eines mit einem Boden verschlossenen Keramikrohres
DE102016104387.7 2016-03-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017152913A2 true WO2017152913A2 (fr) 2017-09-14
WO2017152913A3 WO2017152913A3 (fr) 2017-11-02

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PCT/DE2017/100183 Ceased WO2017152913A2 (fr) 2016-03-10 2017-03-09 Procédé d'extrusion et dispositif d'extrusion pour réaliser un tube céramique refermé avec un fond

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DE (1) DE102016104387B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017152913A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018103594B4 (de) 2018-02-19 2019-10-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Zu belüftende Extrusionsvorrichtung zur Herstellung eines mit einem Boden verschlossenen Keramikrohres
DE102023135343A1 (de) 2023-12-15 2025-06-18 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sorbentelements zur Abtrennung von einem Gas und/oder Luftfeuchte aus einer fluiden Phase

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE501270C (de) 1926-09-29 1930-06-30 Siemens Planiawerke A G Fuer K Einrichtung an Strangpressen zur Herstellung von einseitig geschlossenen Hohlkoerpern
GB440949A (en) 1934-04-06 1936-01-06 Porzellanfabrik Kahla Improvements in and relating to condensers more particularly for high frequency and wireless purposes and processes for the manufacture thereof
DE68903344T2 (de) 1988-03-04 1993-05-27 Ngk Insulators Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von huelsen mit geschlossenem ende und ausbildung eines kernes fuer dieses verfahren.
EP1075916A2 (fr) 1999-08-10 2001-02-14 Praxair Technology, Inc. Procédé et matrice d'extrusion pour la fabrication de tubes en céramique à extrémité fermée

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2715852C3 (de) * 1977-04-06 1980-03-13 W. Haldenwanger Kg, 8264 Waldkraiburg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines oxidkeramischen, mit einer Kuppe am Ende verschlossenen Rohres
JPH03187710A (ja) * 1989-12-18 1991-08-15 Ngk Insulators Ltd 袋筒管の製造方法及びその装置
DE19842970C1 (de) * 1998-09-19 2000-01-05 Paul Teeuwen Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines rohrförmigen Körpers, insbesondere einer Palisade
WO2004035281A1 (fr) * 2002-10-16 2004-04-29 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Procede permettant de produire des articles formes en ceramique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE501270C (de) 1926-09-29 1930-06-30 Siemens Planiawerke A G Fuer K Einrichtung an Strangpressen zur Herstellung von einseitig geschlossenen Hohlkoerpern
GB440949A (en) 1934-04-06 1936-01-06 Porzellanfabrik Kahla Improvements in and relating to condensers more particularly for high frequency and wireless purposes and processes for the manufacture thereof
DE68903344T2 (de) 1988-03-04 1993-05-27 Ngk Insulators Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von huelsen mit geschlossenem ende und ausbildung eines kernes fuer dieses verfahren.
EP1075916A2 (fr) 1999-08-10 2001-02-14 Praxair Technology, Inc. Procédé et matrice d'extrusion pour la fabrication de tubes en céramique à extrémité fermée

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DE102016104387B4 (de) 2020-11-26
DE102016104387A1 (de) 2017-09-14
WO2017152913A3 (fr) 2017-11-02

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