WO2018233871A1 - Circuit électronique pour la conversion d'une énergie électrique et commande associée - Google Patents

Circuit électronique pour la conversion d'une énergie électrique et commande associée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018233871A1
WO2018233871A1 PCT/EP2018/025045 EP2018025045W WO2018233871A1 WO 2018233871 A1 WO2018233871 A1 WO 2018233871A1 EP 2018025045 W EP2018025045 W EP 2018025045W WO 2018233871 A1 WO2018233871 A1 WO 2018233871A1
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Prior art keywords
module
electrical
modules
signals
connection
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan GÖTZ
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0012—Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic circuit with associated control for efficient power electronic power supplies, electrical converters, electrical inverters, power transmission systems, battery integrated converters and battery systems with the possibility of changing the electrical interconnection of battery subunits, for example, to each other in series or in parallel, and comparable power electronic systems ,
  • the invention relates to power electronic circuits which comprise a plurality of electrical switches and / or a plurality of electrical energy stores and / or a plurality of modules, each comprising at least one electrical switch and at least one electrical energy store.
  • Examples of such power electronic circuits are the modular multilevel inverter M2C (see US Pat. No. 7,269,037, DE 101 03 031) or the modular multilevel parallel-serial converter M2SPC (WO 2012/072197, DE 10 2010 052 934, WO
  • switched-capacitor circuits meet the necessary conditions for use in conjunction with the present invention, d. H. the use of multiple energy storage, the electrical interconnection can be dynamically varied with each other to exchange energy between the energy storage and / or electrical parameters (especially current and / or voltage) to terminals for external systems, such as energy networks, electrical consumers or sources to control.
  • the invention is not bound to a specific inverter or module type.
  • Modular multilevel converters allow disassembling large voltages or high powers into small portions that can be handled with small power electronic subcircuits, usually each implemented as a stand-alone module.
  • Modular switched-capacitor circuits are used inter alia to convert very small voltages into the typical extra-low voltage range of electronics, typically 1V to 48V.
  • a typical field of application are so-called energy harvesting systems that use ambient energy sources to supply small electronic systems.
  • these modules are not self-contained assemblies physically integrated into a system, but are typically designed as design units in the design phase and are already designed with their chip layout self-aligned sub-blocks, similar to, for example, gates, memory cells and other blocks in digital chip design, combined into a power electronic chip unit and integrated into the overall chip layout.
  • the overall chip layout can also include digital circuit parts and analog circuit parts in addition to this electronic power circuit component whose power supply and energy conditioning the power electronic circuit component often provides.
  • any unit in a power electronic circuit with a plurality of electrical energy stores which in each case contains at least one energy store and at least one electronic switch, makes it possible to dynamically increase the electrical connection of the at least one energy store of the module with at least one energy store of another module change.
  • This change in the electrical connection of the at least one energy store with at least one energy store of another module can, for example, the change from a practical series connection of these energy storage to bypassing one or more of these energy storage by passing the current through the energy storage, without loading or unloading ( so-called bypass state).
  • bypass state so-called bypass state
  • switched-capacitor circuits are switched-capacitor circuits.
  • All these circuits are referred to without restriction of generality as a converter.
  • different modules may be fabricated independently on separate electronic units, such as electronic circuit boards, printed circuit boards or terminated enclosures, to utilize cost reduction effects in production due to higher numbers of similar units, and / or to utilize maintenance through simple interchangeability of potentially terminated single modules.
  • the switching state of a module is the type in which or the switches of the module are activated or deactivated to electrically connect at least one electrical energy storage of the module with at least one electrical energy storage at least one other module in a different way, the so-called connectivity explicitly not to connect (open circuit or separate connection), so that several modules together generate an electrical voltage.
  • Examples of possible connectivities of electrical energy stores are, for example, parallel connection and serial connection, combinations of electrical energy storage as well as unconnected or only with a contact connected energy storage.
  • Exemplary elementary circuits of the prior art which may be the basis for the invention, are the modular multilevel converter M2C (US Pat. No. 7,269,037, DEIO 103 031), which allows the individual electrical energy storage devices to be dynamically connected from a series electrical connection of the electrical energy stores of its modules between an active operation in the series circuit and a removal from the series circuit by a bypass of the current, the modular multi-level converter M2SPC (WO 2012/072197, DE 10 2010 052 934, WO 2012/072168, EP 2011/0179321, WO 2013 / 017186, DE 10 2011 108 920, DE 10 2016 112 250, DE 10 2015 112 512), which provides both a parallel and a serial state for the individual electrical energy storage of the modules, as well as so-called.
  • Switched-Capacitor circuits see For example, [MD Seeman, SR Sanders (2008), IEEE Transactions on Power Conversion, Analysis and Optimization of Switched-capacitor DC-DC Converters.
  • Modular multilevel converters such as the M2C or the M2SPC, are based on the interconnection of modules with usually much lower voltage than the entire output voltage of the modular converter formed therefrom. Depending on the converter type, the total module voltage, the total current and the necessary switching rate of the individual electronic switches are broken down into small sub-units than a traditional converter with typically less than four levels (for example H-bridges).
  • individual modules consist of, for example, an energy store, a capacitor and a plurality of electronic switches arranged either in a half bridge or a full bridge. Each M2C module is thus a two-pole, which can be connected, for example, with other modules in series and / or in parallel to form a so-called macro topology, ie an association of modules to fulfill electrical converter tasks.
  • Such modules can be linked together in different ways in so-called macro topologies.
  • the most commonly encountered macro topology is the Marquardt topology (see US Pat. No. 7,269,037 DE 10 2010 052 934), which is shown in FIG. 1 for the M2C and the M2SPC.
  • this macro topology several phase modules or phase units, which themselves consist of converter arms (the interconnection of at least two modules), are connected together at the ends.
  • there are numerous other variants for interconnecting modules in the simplest case an open chain of modules.
  • the smallest unit is the so-called converter arm. It represents a strand of at least two interconnected similar modules. The similarity is already given by the fact that the adjacent modules have at least two common states, such as serial positive and bypass common and can be used in operation with dynamic switching between them.
  • switched-capacitor circuits are voltage pumps, in which electrical energy stores, for example capacitors, can change their connectivity from a (partial) series circuit to a (partially) parallel circuit and thus change their generated voltage.
  • An example of this is the Marx converter, often called the Marx generator [see Erwin Marx (1925). Generation of different high-voltage types for test and test purposes. Elektrotech. Zeitschrift], and its modifications [for example J. Rodriguez, S. Leeb (2006). A multilevel inverter topology for inductively coupled power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,
  • Such circuits exist as DC-DC converters, inverters and inverters.
  • IPEC International Power Electronics Conference
  • Such circuits can be modularized. This has advantages in industrial production.
  • the above-mentioned M2SPC modular multilevel converter can be considered as a union or hybrid of traditional multilevel converters and switched-capacitor converters.
  • the modular multilevel converter M2C allows large voltages to be broken down into smaller sub-voltages by means of several modules and to produce output voltages in fine gradations. For this reason, the quality of the output voltage, quantified for example with the so-called total harmonic distortion (THD), is very high. Furthermore, there is a state in which neither of the two switches is activated by the control unit, but only diodes (so-called freewheeling diodes) conduct as rectifier elements the current according to its flow direction. This state is usually referred to as passive, since no specific activation of switches by the control unit is required and the control unit does not need to know the current for determining the commutation. Instead, the passive state may be used to discharge the energy of an inductive load or power line by deliberately disabling switches.
  • the modular multi-level converter M2C only allows a series connection of modules, which is why each module must be designed for the maximum expected current. Furthermore, outside the peak voltage, a large number of modules are idle in the bypass state. In addition, for inductive loads, the largest current is generally expected, especially at low voltages. During this time, the power must be provided by a small number of modules and their module capacitors or other forms of electrical energy storage. The internal resistance and the available capacity are therefore very unfavorable.
  • the modular multi-level converter with serial and parallel connectivity M2SPC is a further development of the above technology and allows dynamic switching between serial and parallel switching of the modules, so that at low voltages, a large part of the modules can be connected in parallel, while at higher voltages and more can switch more modules into a series connection [US 13 / 990,463].
  • a switching state of a module short state, the type is referred to, in which the switch or the module is activated or deactivated to at least one electrical energy storage of the module electrically conductive with at least one electrical energy storage at least one other module in a different way, the so-called Connectivity, connect or explicitly disconnect, d. H. open circuit or separate connection, so that several modules together generate an electrical voltage.
  • Connectivity connect or explicitly disconnect, d. H. open circuit or separate connection, so that several modules together generate an electrical voltage.
  • Examples of possible connectivities of electrical energy stores are parallel connection and serial connection, combinations of electrical energy stores as well as unconnected or only with a contact connected energy storage.
  • Modules are typically capable of representing at least two of the following states or forms of connectivity through electrical switches of the modules:
  • the at least one electrical energy storage of a module is connected in series by means of electrical switches with the at least one energy storage of another module;
  • the at least one electrical energy store of a module is connected in parallel with the aid of electrical switches with the at least one energy store of a further module;
  • the at least one electrical energy store of a module is bypassed by means of electrical switches, which means that the at least one electrical energy store of a module is electrically conductively connected to only one of its at least two electrical contacts with an electrical energy store of another module, and thus there is no closed circuit with an electrical energy store of another module.
  • the number of control lines required adds up to 160 to 320 from the control unit implemented in one or more microprocessors or alternative electrical circuits with high temporal accuracy and high data rate are needed.
  • Typical update rates of the control lines are less than 1 ms, preferably less than 10%, in order to ensure low distortion of the output voltage.
  • field effect transistors is usually because of their high switching speed of in
  • a time accuracy of the signals significantly below the above switching speed desired below 100 ns. Consequently, a very accurate signal generation of a large number of parallel channels with high signal rate in real time is necessary. Technically, this can only be achieved with very expensive and special components.
  • the usual in other technical areas synchronization of multiple processors or alternative electronic circuits for generating the plurality of parallel channels is very difficult due to the necessary high temporal accuracy, the jitter of typically over 100 ns prohibits.
  • a second central problem with these prior art flexible multilevel technologies is the high susceptibility to electromagnetic interference.
  • the currents controlled by the semiconductor switches usually exceed several thousand amperes and are supplied and removed in the immediate vicinity of the control signals.
  • the above-mentioned multilevel technology has the intolerable problem that the current to be controlled acts on the control line and the signals generated by it in the control lines are even orders of magnitude higher than the desired control signals of the control unit of the device.
  • a multilevel converter which is no longer completely controlled by the control unit according to the specifications but which influences itself is impractical not only for many fields of use but also safety-critical because of the high energies and the usually direct connection to a high-voltage network.
  • An electrical converter circuit which comprises at least two similar modules connected in series, at least one electronic control unit, at least one coded electrical signal transmission and at least one decoder, wherein the series-connected modules form a module string, in particular for constructing a bridge branch or a bridge Phase module is used, and wherein each module includes at least one electrical energy storage and electronic switches, wherein the at least one electronic control unit is configured to control the electronic switch electrical Sig- transmit the signals which are to be passed as coded electrical signals via the coded electrical signal transmission to the at least one decoder, wherein the at least one decoder is configured to decode the coded electrical signals into respective one respective switch state to be set of a single switch control signals describing the electronic switches , and wherein an average data rate or an average redundancy of the coded electrical signals is lower than an average data rate or an average redundancy of the signals decoded by the at least one decoder to switch control signals.
  • At least one of the modules is connected via at least one electrical connection to a subsequent one of the modules connected in series, wherein the switching elements of the modules connect their respective electrical energy storage with electrical connections of the modules connected in series, that optionally at least the following circuit variants of the electrical energy storage in succession switched modules are present:
  • the device according to the invention comprises at least one coding unit which is configured to code signals to be transmitted or transmitted by the electronic control unit on the basis of a predetermined pattern for switch states of the electronic switches to be set.
  • the at least one coding unit is integrated into the control unit or the at least one coding unit is part of the control unit. In a further refinement, the at least one coding unit is subordinate to at least one of the at least one electronic control unit Integrated circuit.
  • the coding unit can also be provided as a separate unit, for example in the form of an encoder or comprise an encoder.
  • the device further comprises at least one galvanically isolating signal transmitter.
  • the galvanically isolating signal transmitter is preferably configured to transmit at least a portion of the signals encoded by the at least one encoder.
  • the inventive device has at least one decoder per module, wherein the at least one decoder per module is designed to provide the switching signals with at least one decoded signal for each switch of the respective module as a control signal.
  • the at least one decoder per module is integrated in each case in the electronics of the associated module.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one decoder per inter-module connection, wherein the at least one decoder per inter-module connection is configured to provide the switching signals with at least one decoded signal for each switch of the respective inter-module connection as control signal.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one decoder per inter module connection subunit, wherein the at least one decoder per inter module connection subunit is designed to provide the switching signals with at least one separate decoded signal for each switch of the respective intermodule connection subunit as the control signal.
  • the device has at least one channel coder.
  • a method for controlling an electrical converter circuit comprises at least two similar series-connected modules, at least one electronic control unit, at least one coded electrical signal transmission, at least one coding unit and at least one decoder, wherein the series-connected modules form a module string as used in particular for constructing a bridge branch or a phase module, and wherein each module contains at least one electrical energy store and at least one electronic switch, wherein at least two of the modules using the respective switching elements of the modules their respective electrical energy storage so with electrical connections of the modules connect that optionally at least one serial circuit and a parallel connection of the electrical energy storage are present, the method the following steps include:
  • control signals are at least partially coded such that the average data rate or the average redundancy is lower than the average data rate or the average redundancy of the decoded switch control signals.
  • the present invention provides a novel solution to the problems of the prior art.
  • the invention enables a reduction of the control lines, so that the control of the system in the form of at least one control tion unit can be done with ordinary microprocessors or alternative electronic circuits from the prior art. It also reduces the susceptibility to electromagnetic interference and interference, both from external sources, and in particular from its own power generated by the drive and its switching transitions and switching spikes.
  • a purely parallel coding a purely serial coding and a mixture of parallel and serial coding can be used to reduce the redundancy.
  • a purely parallel coding the totality of all coded signals at a certain point in time uniquely defines the complete state of all switches.
  • a purely serial coding there is only one signal channel whose signal as a serial signal does not define the state of all switches at a certain point in time, but rather by the sum of signals transmitted in succession.
  • the state of all switches determining successively transmitted signals must be completely transmitted at the time when the switches must take the appropriate state.
  • the successive signals which determine the state of all switches do not have to follow one another consecutively, but can be interrupted or interleaved (so-called interleaving), as described, for example, in the compact disc (CD), eg. B. according to the Red Book standard, is used.
  • interleaving interrupted or interleaved
  • the state of each individual switch is defined in more than one signal channel and at more than one time.
  • s consecutively transmitted signals on k parallel channels define the state of each switch.
  • sequence coding may be used, which may also be in the form of purely parallel, purely serial or mixed parallel serial coding.
  • sequence coding for the definitive definition of the state of each switch, moreover, the state of each switch at one or more points in time of the past is needed.
  • the sequence encoding is a differential encoding in which a signal is represented as a difference to a previous signal.
  • more complicated sequence encodings are possible, which can be implemented with shift registers, for example.
  • An example of more complicated sequence encoding is Reed-Solomon or convolutional codes.
  • the at least one control unit or at least one subordinate electronic circuit generates a coding which requires fewer signal lines and / or a lower data rate than the activation of each switch with one line each of the prior art. Due to the smaller number, the control signals in their entirety can be used for the complete system in one control unit. generated tion unit and are issued by this electronically despite their usually small number of inputs and outputs.
  • One or more electronic circuits are considered to be subordinate to one or more control units when these one or more electronic circuits receive and process electrical control signals from the one or more control units.
  • one or more separate encoders can be implemented, which on the basis of control signals of the at least one control unit or at least one subordinate electronic circuit encoding in the form that its at least one output requires a lower data rate than a control of each switch one line each according to the prior art.
  • At least one decoder determines the required state of at least one electrical switch from the at least one coded signal.
  • a decoder according to the invention can receive only a part of the at least one signal, in the case of signals transmitted via parallel channels, for example only a few channels, in the case of serially transmitted signals, for example by evaluating only few transmit symbols or bits from the entire data stream of the at least one channel. For example, in the case of channel division multiplexing according to the Code Division Multiplex Access (CDMA) method, only one or a few of the channels can be extracted from the at least one signal.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiplex Access
  • Advantageous in the context of the invention is further, if the at least one decoder is spatially close to the at least one switch whose state determines the corresponding decoder. This spatial proximity can also be supplemented by suitable circuit layout to reduce electromagnetic interference.
  • the invention uses a so-called code book which can be used for any required state of the system or parts of the system, for example modules, intermodule connections (comprising the switches of a module and its immediate detection).
  • Barn ie a module that is electrically connected directly to the former, which can establish the direct electrical connections between the electrical energy storage of the two modules) assigns a coding or an entry.
  • the code book preferably only contains the states that are absolutely necessary to provide the desired flexibility of the pulse shape. So-called unauthorized states, for example those states in which two or more switches short-circuit an energy store with simultaneous or overlapping activation, are not included in the code book and thus can not be represented in principle.
  • unauthorized states can be specifically determined and removed from the code book.
  • the number of entries in the code book results in the minimum data rate of the signals which the at least one control unit or at least one of these subordinate electronic circuits must transmit to the modules.
  • This signal transmission can be done either purely in parallel, purely serial or mixed parallel serial according to the above.
  • the code book can be executed minimally, which means that the minimal, usually binary word length is determined, which is necessary to unambiguously represent all entries of the code book, thus all required states.
  • a word purely in parallel, purely serial or mixed parallel serial can be transmitted electronically according to the above. Alternatively, additional redundancy may be added to allow for easy error detection or correction.
  • parity codes and convolutional codes are preferred for the purposes of the invention. If, for example, in the case of a binary transmission, the number of entries in the code book, and consequently the number of required states, does not correspond to a power of two, such redundancy arises automatically.
  • Figure la shows a macro topology of the prior art modular multilevel serial and parallel connectivity (M2SPC) converter.
  • Figure lb shows a macro topology of the modular multi-level converter with serial connectivity (M2C) of the prior art.
  • FIG. 2a shows four exemplary switched capacitor technologies 201, 202, 203, 204.
  • FIG. 2b shows three typical module types of the modular multilevel inverter M2C.
  • FIG. 2 c shows three typical module types of the modular multilevel inverter M2SPC, which in addition to a serial also allow at least one parallel electrical connectivity between modules.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative macro topology for interconnecting modules and an exemplary load L 305, which may have any electrical behavior.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates two exemplary modular circuits 401, 402 of a modular multilevel converter.
  • FIG. 5 shows two adjacent modules according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows five typical states of a particular embodiment in which the states are coded per inter-module connection, with the necessary switch position, and as an equivalence image.
  • Figure 7 shows four typical states of a particular embodiment in which the states are coded per inter-module connection subunit.
  • Figure 8 shows two exemplary codings of particular embodiments of the invention in which the states are coded per inter-module connection.
  • FIG. 9 shows a particular embodiment of the invention which comprises at least one control unit 901, at least one galvanically isolating signal transmitter 905, at least one decoder 907 and at least two modules 910, each of which contains at least one electronic switch and at least one energy store.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a particular embodiment of the invention in which the coded control signals 1004 are first decoded by at least one decoder 1007 before the decoded signals 1006 from at least one galvanically isolated transmitter 1007 be isolated from the voltage level of at least the at least one control unit 1001.
  • FIG. 11 shows a particular embodiment of the invention, in which at least one decoder 1108 is integrated in at least one module 1109.
  • FIG. 12 shows a particular embodiment which further comprises at least one channel coder 1212 and at least one channel decoder 1215.
  • FIG. 13 shows by way of example an embodiment which dispenses with the at least one optional encoder.
  • FIG. 14 shows a particular embodiment in which at least one galvanically isolating transmitter 1405 is present per module, per inter-module connection or per inter-module connection subunit, for example also integrated into the respective module.
  • a device for example power electronic power supplies, electrical converters, electrical inverters, energy transmission systems, battery integrated converters and battery systems with the possibility of changing the electrical shading of battery subunits according to a first embodiment of the invention comprises at least one connection pair for at least one electrical load, energy source, energy storage, a Mixture of the latter or for at least one electric power grid and at least three similar modules, each of which can assume a plurality of switching states.
  • FIG. 1a shows a macro topology of the modular multilevel serial and parallel connectivity (M2SPC) converter of the prior art. At least two of the modules are interconnected with at least two electrical connections. Module strands that are electrically connected directly to one another form converter arms 102, 103, 104, 105, which in turn form so-called phase modules or phase units 106. FIG. 1 depicts two phase modules and four converter arms together. At the electrical connection points between a plurality of modules, in particular at the connection points of at least two converter arms, converter connections 102, 103 can be set up, to which electrical sources and / or sinks can be connected.
  • M2SPC modular multilevel serial and parallel connectivity
  • switched capacitor technologies can be subdivided into similar or similar modules 205, 206, 207, 208.
  • FIG. 2a correspondingly shows four exemplary switched capacitor technologies 201, 202, 203, 204.
  • the modules contain at least one energy store 403, 404 and at least two semiconductor switches, short switches 405-416, which can be implemented with any typical switching element, preferably field effect transistors are used.
  • the switches are complemented by freewheeling diodes and also with protective circuits (so-called snubber).
  • the switches 405, 406, 409 - 412 on the left of the energy store 403, 404 and their freewheeling diodes and protective circuit are referred to as side A without limiting the generality.
  • the switches 407, 408, 413-416 on the right of the energy store 403, 404 and their free-wheeling diodes and protective circuit are referred to as side B without limiting the generality.
  • Adjacent modules for example the modular multilevel converter M2C, within a converter arm, consequently a module chain, are advantageously interconnected, as shown in FIG. 5, in each case at least one module connection in each case according to the invention.
  • the switches which can directly electrically interconnect the electrical energy stores 502, 503 of the two modules, together with their optional protection circuit 504, form the intermodule connection 501.
  • each module four switches in two half-bridges form the portion of the module at the intermodule connection to a parallel circuit of energy Gie Eatn different modules to allow.
  • An intermodule connection 501 in turn, consists of at least two inter-module connection sub-units, wherein the inter-module connection sub-units respectively represent the intersection of the inter-module connection with the modules involved. Consequently, the intermodule connection subunit with respect to a module is in each case the proportion of the corresponding module at the intermodule connection 501.
  • a particular embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 6, includes five states where the states are coded per inter-module connection.
  • the switches of the intermodule connection of two adjacent modules and their respective at least one energy store are shown in the left column, and the equivalent electrical connections generated by the switches in the corresponding states of the intermodule connection are shown in the right column.
  • the illustrated states are serial positive 601, serial negative 602, bypass 603, passive 604, parallel 605 and a state 606 defined here as unauthorized, in which at least one energy store is activated via corresponding activation of switches via two or more switches shorted.
  • the condition describes the form in which the electrical energy stores of the system are electrically interconnected. This form of interconnection is dynamically changeable within the meaning of the invention.
  • a particular embodiment, illustrated in Figure 7, includes four states where the states are coded per inter-module connection subunit.
  • the passive state of Figure 6 is not included in the code book, but selectively prevented by the controller and replaced by appropriate control by the use of the other states without loss of function.
  • the remaining four allowed states are addressed with two binary bits. Shown in the left column are the switches of the inter module connection subunit of a module and its at least one energy store, in the right column the equivalent electrical connections generated by the switches in the corresponding states of the intermodule connection unit.
  • the illustrated states are positive 701, negative 702, bypass 703, parallel 704, and a generally invalid state 705, in which by corresponding activation of switches at least one energy storage device is short-circuited via two or more switches.
  • the required switch positions of the bypass state 703 are equal to one of the two serial states, either positive 701 or negative 701. This peculiarity also allows the bypass state from the code state for this case.
  • the states can also be encoded per inter-module connection, as shown by the two exemplary encodings in FIG.
  • an appropriate sub-independent encoding 801 three bits sufficient for the state of a five-state inter-module connection can be divided such that two of the three bits, for example, the first and second bits, the state of the inter-module connection sub-unit involved in the inter-module connection encode (see “to module 1"), while the third bit and one of the two mentioned bits, for example the second and the third bit, together encode the state of the other intermodule connection subunit participating in the intermodule connection (see "to module 2") ,
  • the split-independent coding 801 is a clever mixing solution between one coding per inter-module connection and one coding per inter-module connection subunit according to the invention, in which each inter-module connection subunit has only two bits instead of three bits which are used to uniquely define the intermodule connection with five different states needed, received and decoded in the code book.
  • bits a and c may be arranged symmetrically as in the figure 8 with the reference numeral 801, so that all inter-module connection sub-units can each use a decoder of the same type. Since the signals are usually isolated isolated (for example, with optocouplers, capacitive, inductive or other galvanic isolating signal transmitters) must be transferred to the modules, such a reduction in the amount of data, which leads to a reduction in the number of parallel lines and / or A reduction of the bit rate per line leads, extremely advantageous.
  • the respective third bit can also be evaluated by the respective decoder in order to serve as a check bit for the detection of transmission errors.
  • the state passive for the intermodule connection is dispensed with, as in example 801, there are four states per intermodule connection in the code book that require two bits in binary form for unambiguous representation. While the codewords for uniquely describing the state of the inter-module connection are shorter than in the part-independent coding 801, each of the at least two inter-module connection subunits of the inter-module connection, if decoded by at least two independent decoders, at least one for each inter-module connection sub-unit, both Bits for unique decoding and determination of which switches of the respective inter-module connection subunit are to be activated. Thus, the same number of bits per inter-module connection subunit as in the embodiment shown in Table 801 results. Such a decoding with at least two decoders can be very advantageous, since the decoding can be carried out before the potential separation by galvanic transformers before decoding and thus a smaller amount of data must be transmitted galvanically separated.
  • bits can be arbitrarily changed without restriction of generality.
  • code can be inverted, which means that 0 and 1 are reversed.
  • FIGS. 9-12 Various exemplary embodiments of the invention and their topologies are shown in FIGS. 9-12.
  • the embodiment from FIG. 9 comprises at least one control unit 901, at least one galvanically isolating signal transmitter 905, at least one decoder 907 and at least two modules 910, which each comprise at least one electronic switch and at least one energy store.
  • the modules are in accordance with, for example, US Pat. No. 7,269,037, DE 101 03 031, US Pat.
  • WO 2012/072197, DE 10 2010 052 934, WO 2012/072168, EP 2011/0179321, WO 2013/017186 and DE 10 2011 108 920 are designed such that, with the aid of the at least one switch per module of said at least two modules, the electrical shading between at least two energy storage can switch dynamically at least between two of the following states: (a) electrical connection of the energy storage in series; (B) electrical connection of the energy storage in parallel; (c) Bridging at least one energy store so that no charge can flow into or out of the corresponding energy store.
  • This control unit sends electrical signals 902, for example via an electric bus, to at least one optional encoder 903, which codes the signals such that the average data amount and / or the average redundancy of the coded signals 904 is less than the corresponding average data volume and / or the average Redundancy of the uncoded switch control signals 909 and / or the average entropy of the encoded signals 904 of the uncoded or decoded 909 is higher than that of the uncoded or decoded switch control signals 909.
  • the maximum data amount of the encoded signals 904 is also less than the corresponding maximum amount of data of the uncoded or decoded switch control signals 909.
  • the switch control signals 909 may for example be designed so that for each switch of a, for example, the decoder 907 associated group of switches mi At least a separate bit is provided, the state (electrically closed against.
  • the switch control signals 909 thus describe the switch states of the individual switches.
  • the electrical signal links and buses 902, 904, 906, 908, 909 may transmit data without limitation serially, in parallel or mixed in serial / parallel.
  • At least one galvanically isolating signal transmitter 905 isolates the electrical voltage level of the signals from the voltage level of the electrical control unit and / or other electronic components.
  • one of the at least one control unit subordinate electronic circuit may be included, which receives electrical signals from the at least one control unit 901 or at least one latter subordinate electronic circuit and turn signals 902 to the sends at least one encoder 903.
  • the order of the optional at least one encoder 903, the at least one galvanically isolating signal transmitter 905 and the decoder 907 can be interchanged and / or partially integrated into the modules and / or into several parallel units which process either all or only a subset of all signals. For example, only for each module to be divided.
  • the decoding by the at least one decoder 907 always takes place after the optional coding by the optional at least one encoder 903.
  • the electrical power connection 911 between two modules 910 is used for electrical power transmission and electrical interconnection between the energy storage elements of the associated modules and is typically of the module type (eg, M2C four quadrant modules, see US
  • the electrical power connection 911 for M2SPC modules is usually designed at least by two electrical connections in order to enable parallel connection of modules 910 or electrical energy stores. Two electrically connected by an electrical power connection 911 directly to each other Connected modules 910 are typically referred to as neighbors.
  • FIG. 12 further includes at least one channel encoder 1212 and at least one channel decoder 1215.
  • the at least one channel encoder 1212 selectively adds redundancy to the signal at a particular code rate for error detection and / or error correction [see J Proakis (2001). Digital Communications. 4th edition, McGraw Hill, Boston.].
  • the at least one channel decoder 1215 performs error detection and / or error correction and extracts the signal. While coding by at least one optional encoder 1203 reduces redundancy and prevents unauthorized states, for example, generally shorts of an energy store, channel decoding reduces deliberately added redundancy.
  • various elements within the meaning of the invention may also be implemented per module, per inter-module connection or per inter-module connection sub-unit - illustrated there by way of example for the at least one decoder. Likewise, this can also be embodied by way of example for channel coders, galvanically separating signal transmitters, channel decoders and / or decoders.
  • the passive state in the code is represented as corresponding to the state that would be detected by the decoder (s) if the at least one control unit or the at least one encoding subordinate electronic circuit is not functional ,
  • the at least one control unit or the at least one coding subordinate electronic circuit thereof are not functional if they are not supplied with the specified voltage, if they are in the reset mode or have detected an error and caused an emergency shutdown.
  • the bypass state in which the voltage of 0 V is forced between at least two module terminals, is represented in the code as corresponding to the state that would be detected by the decoder (s), if the at least one control unit or the at least one coding making subordinate electronic circuit is not functional.
  • any current still flowing will be dissipated at the internal resistance of the coil and the rest of the circuit due to the stored magnetic energy stored in a load, source, memory, transmission line or other electrical elements connected to the converter.
  • This state has the advantage that it can minimize the voltage at terminals of the converter which, in the event of a fault, could possibly be damaged by the insulation and therefore touched by a user.
  • the energy is converted into heat and is therefore no longer in electrical form. For safety reasons, this may be advantageous over storage in electrical storage in potentially defective or controlled by a defective control unit modules.
  • At least some signals are not binary, that is, with two different electrical symbols, for example, ⁇ high> and ⁇ low> or ⁇ positive> and ⁇ negative> or ⁇ low-impedance> and ⁇ high-impedance>, but using higher-level modulation methods with more than two symbols, for example several different voltage levels, or other known transmission methods such as phase shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation or the like.
  • encoders and decoders are implemented in the at least one control unit or in at least one of those subordinate electronic circuits.
  • the respective functions of the at least one encoder and / or the at least one decoder are represented in the at least one control unit or in at least one of those subordinate electronic circuits, wherein the at least one control unit or the at least one of those subordinate electronic circuits a programmable controller, thus for example a microprocessor, a programmable logic controller, a signal processor, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), a Programmable Array Logic Module (PGA ) or a comparable circuit.
  • a programmable controller thus for example a microprocessor, a programmable logic controller, a signal processor, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), a Programmable Array Logic Module (PGA ) or a comparable circuit.
  • the respective functions of both at least one encoder and at least one decoder in the at least one control unit or in at least one latter subordinate electronic circuit are shown in comparison to the aforementioned particular embodiment, wherein the at least one control unit or the at least one latter subordinate electronic circuit is a programmable controller.
  • the invention has no encoder, although encoded signals are used for control, thus signals having, for example, less redundancy or less data length than the state signals of the set of switches, for example the gate signals in transisors.
  • encoded signals are used for control, thus signals having, for example, less redundancy or less data length than the state signals of the set of switches, for example the gate signals in transisors.
  • the embodiment of which generates at least one control unit or at least one latter subordinate electronic circuit directly coded signals, which is converted by at least one decoder into control signals for at least one switch of the modules.
  • Algebra may be developed with the states of modules, inter-module connections, inter-module connection sub-units, and other groupings of multiple switches that allow, for example, pulse width modulators and other switching modulators to generate directly encoded signals without detour via a dedicated encoder.
  • the direct generation of coded signals according to the invention, without the use of separate encoders, does not limit the invention.
  • An important feature of this aspect of the invention is not the coding but the use of at least one coded signal for controlling at least one switch of at least one module.
  • At least one switch of at least one module is not characterized by a coded signal from at least one control unit or at least one latter subordinate electronic circuit but by an electronic signal directly reflecting the state of the switch - for example, a binary signal having a blocking state and a symbol representing the conductive state - controlled by at least one control unit or at least one of the latter subordinate electronic circuits, while at least one other switch of at least one module is driven by a signal coded according to the invention by at least one control unit or at least one latter subordinate electronic circuit ,
  • the redundancy of the encoded control signals 904, 1004, 1104, 1204 is equal to or greater than the redundancy of the entirety of the uncoded switch control signals 1209, 909, for example in the form of the respective gate signal or a respective one binary scarf state description of the form vs. out, all individual switches of the modules together.
  • the average redundancy of the coded control signals solely due to channel coding or error detection / error correction code for example parity bits or convolutional codes
  • the average redundancy of the coded control signals minus the channel code rate of the coded control signals [see J. Proakis (2001). Digital Communications. 4th edition, McGraw Hill, Boston.] Is less than the average redundancy of the uncoded and decoded switch control signals 1209, 909, respectively.
  • the coded signals have a known finite maximum data rate which is also less than the maximum data rate of the uncoded or decoded switch control signals.
  • the at least one decoder comprises at least one programmable logic device, for example a programmable array logic device (PGA), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA). or a comparable circuit capable of implementing at least single-channel electronic logic functions.
  • PGA programmable array logic device
  • CPLD complex programmable logic device
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • At least one encoder comprises at least one programmable logic module.
  • said at least one programmable logic module is designed so that the state of at least one of its electronic input signals at a certain time completely defines all the electronic output signals of the at least one programmable logic module.
  • said at least one programmable logic module is configured such that the state of at least one electronic output signal of the at least one programmable logic module is not completely defined by its electronic input signals at a specific time, but completely defined by its electronic input signals at at least two specific times is.
  • said at least one programmable logic module is configured such that the state of at least one electronic output signal of the at least one programmable logic module is influenced by at least one state of at least one electronic output signal of the past in addition to the state of at least one input signal at least one time point.
  • At least one of said possibly multiple programmable logic devices is programmed exactly once, d. H. so changeable that it permanently assumes the necessary or advantageous for its operation logic function that describes the relationship between the at least one output signal and the at least one input signal.
  • At least one of said plurality of programmable logic modules may be programmed several times.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous since the coding and communication with at least one control unit can be changed by devices in the field, for example to provide them with a more advantageous encoding or decoding, to increase their flexibility, to change their control behavior or to change the code Change book.
  • the components can in this way be very easily adapted and used by programming for a second purpose (so-called second life) in another product or another product type, for example an energy technology, a medical technology or an automotive application.
  • At least two of the modules in addition to a serial state, in which the electrical energy storage of two or more modules temporarily interconnect electrically in series, necessarily a parallel state in which connect the electrical energy storage of two or more modules temporarily electrically parallel to each other to let.
  • the signals of at least three modules are coded independently of each other. This means that the decoding of the coded control signals, consequently the determination of which switches of the module are to be activated, does not require any information about the status of other modules. Consequently, the signals may be physically separated from other modules, for example, by independent parallel data lines associated with the respective modules.
  • each module has at least one dedicated data line assigned to it starting from the at least one control unit or from the at least one coding circuit of its subordinate electrical circuit via which the coded signals controlling the module are transmitted to said module.
  • the code book of the aforementioned embodiment contains a maximum of four states ⁇ bypass, serial positive, serial negative, passive ⁇ ;
  • At least one energy store of the module having a predetermined polarity is electrically connected to the two neighboring modules such that one contact of the energy store is electrically connected to a neighboring module and the other contact of the energy store is electrically connected to the other neighbor module; wherein in the serial negative state at least one energy store of the module with respect to the serial-positive state of reverse polarity so with the two neighboring modules is electrically connected, that one contact of the energy storage with a neighboring module and the other contact of the energy storage is electrically connected to the other neighboring module;
  • the switches of the module are either disabled and only free-wheeling diodes conduct electricity or alternatively the switches are operated as a rectifier (so-called synchronous rectifier).
  • the code book of the above embodiment additionally includes the following states ⁇ parallel side A and serial positive side B, parallel side A and serial negative side B, parallel side A and parallel side B, serial positive side A and parallel side B, serial negative side A and parallel side B ⁇ ;
  • X and Y may each be either A or B.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention differs from the immediately above in that the code book necessarily does not passive state contains.
  • the number of states corresponds to a power of two and can be transmitted with very little data on binary channels or data buses.
  • the inventor has recognized that the passive state is not necessary to provide flexibility with respect to the waveform of voltages and / or currents, and its function can be mapped by other module states.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment uses at least two bypass states, wherein a second bypass state, which is referred to herein without restriction of the general public as a bypass inverse state, from a first bypass state by inverting at least two electronic switch is different, thereby in this second bypass state also at least one energy storage of the module is not electrically connected to one of the neighboring modules, although the current flows through other electronic switch.
  • a second bypass state which is referred to herein without restriction of the general public as a bypass inverse state, from a first bypass state by inverting at least two electronic switch is different, thereby in this second bypass state also at least one energy storage of the module is not electrically connected to one of the neighboring modules, although the current flows through other electronic switch.
  • the above-described coding per module is particularly well suited if only serial, bypass and passive states but no parallel states are used in the control. This may be due to the fact that they are not needed for the application or they are not implemented by the module type used (see, for example, the module type with the reference number 401 in FIG. 4).
  • the inventor has recognized that different codes are most advantageous when using parallel states.
  • coding the states per module it is easy to map module state combinations in which one module can short-circuit the energy store of another. On the one hand, such combinations point to potentials for data compression, on the other hand it is pointed out that such combinations must not be contained in the code book of the code book.
  • the signals of each intermodule connection are independently coded. This means that the decoding of the coded control signals, consequently the determination of which switches of the module are to be activated, does not require any information about the status of other intermodule connections.
  • An inter-module connection comprises only those switches of the two modules interconnected by the inter-module connection, which are necessary for the representation of all electrical connection states of the energy stores of the two said modules. Due to the independence of other intermodule connections, the control signals of the individual intermodule connections can be physically separated, for example, transmitted by independent parallel data lines assigned to the respective intermodule connections.
  • each intermodule connection receives at least one dedicated data line assigned to it from the at least one control unit or from the at least one encoding circuit of its subordinate electrical circuit via which the coded signals controlling the module are transmitted to said module.
  • each intermodule connection receives at least two dedicated data lines belonging to it, of which at least one data line only supplies the part of the intermodule connection belonging to one of the two modules (so-called intermodule connection subunit) with signals.
  • the code book of the above-mentioned embodiment contains a maximum of four states ⁇ bypass, serial positive, serial negative, passive ⁇ for an intermodule connection;
  • a predetermined electrical connection eg, the positive
  • the non-equivalent in the above example therefore now the negative
  • serial-negative state forms the inverse to the serial-positive state and consequently a predetermined electrical connection (for example the negative) of at least one energy store of one of the modules connected by the intermodule connection with the non-equivalent (in the above example therefore now the positive) electrical connection of at least one other of the modules connected by the intermodule connection is electrically connected and the electrically connected electrical connections of the connected energy stores do not correspond to those of the serial-positive state; wherein, in the passive state, the switches of the intermodule connection are either deactivated and only free-wheeling diodes conduct current or alternatively the switches are operated as a rectifier (so-called synchronous rectifier).
  • the code book of the aforementioned embodiment additionally contains at least one parallel state for the intermodule connection;
  • the parallel state activates the switches of the intermodule connection such that at least one energy store of one of the modules connected by the intermodule connection is electrically connected in parallel with at least one energy store of another of the modules connected by the intermodule connection.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment differs from the above-mentioned embodiment in that the code book is not a passive state contains.
  • the inventor has recognized that this can be replaced without significant loss of flexibility of the overall system by other states, in particular a suitable use of sufficient number of modules in the serial state. This makes it very easy to bring the number of states to a power of two, so that the states can be coded with minimal redundancy in binary signals.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment uses only one polarity of the serial state.
  • the code book also necessarily contains the bypass state.
  • a parallel state can be added. Either the serial state actually always encodes the same polarity. In this case, not only coded transmission bandwidth, but also necessary switches can be saved in the modules.
  • the polarity of the serial state is predetermined by the current direction, for example.
  • each intermodule connection subunit is coded separately.
  • the code book of this particular embodiment contains at least three states ⁇ positive [see Fig. 7,701], negative 702, bypass 703 ⁇ ; wherein, in the positive state, one of the two electrical connections of at least one energy store of the module belonging to the inter-module connection subunit is electrically connected to at least one module connection of the inter-module connection subunit;
  • one of the two electrical connections of at least one energy store of the module belonging to the inter-module connection subunit is electrically connected to at least one module connection of the inter-module connection sub-unit;
  • the code book additionally contains a parallel state 704 compared to the aforementioned particular embodiment
  • each of the two electrical connections of at least one energy store of the associated module is electrically connected to another module connection of the intermodulation connection unit by corresponding activation of the switches of the inter-module connection subunit.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment differs from the aforementioned embodiment in that the code book does not contain a passive state.
  • the passive state can be replaced by other states without significant loss of flexibility of the overall system.
  • the number of states can be significantly reduced, so that the bit width of the signals can be reduced.
  • the states of at least two different disjoint subunits of the system can be coded so that the coding of each of these subunits of the system becomes partially independent, that is, at least a portion of the common signal of for each of the at least two different disjoint subunits to clearly determine the respective state is needed.
  • FIG. 8 shows, codes which code the states of the at least two different disjoint subunits, for example an intermodule connection, in such a way that, for the unambiguous determination of the respective state of each of these at least two different disjunctive subunits, not all the code word can be used but only a part of it is needed becomes.
  • a part of the codeword of several of these at least two different, disjoint subunits is required for unambiguous decoding of their state.
  • each inter-module connection subunit has the advantage over a separate coding for each inter-module connection subunit that only a small number of signal channels must be galvanically isolated.
  • Signals can be galvanically isolated via galvanically isolating signal transmitters, also referred to as isolating signal transmitters, for example optocouplers, capacitive signal transformers or comparable electrical components.
  • each subunit can use the signal of the at least one subunit, with which its signals are independent of the subdivision, for error detection and / or error correction.
  • the coding is carried out in such a way that at least two decoders receive at least one signal which is the same for the at least two decoders, as at least one so-called common bit, as input signal.
  • this at least one common bit is transmitted on a separate electronic signal line from the at least one control unit or at least one electronic circuit which is subordinate to this control unit.
  • the signal of this a separate electronic signal line with only one output pin of the at least one control unit or at least one of these control unit subordinate electronic circuit generates and also transmitted in only a single signal line and only spatially branched close to the at least two decoders or in the form of a bus be looped through.
  • technical resources can be saved.
  • this at least one common bit determines the sign of the voltage, hence the polarity of each individual one. otherwise independently coded unit.
  • This particularly preferred embodiment has the advantage that in many applications the modules, inter-module connections and the like can use the same polarity at any time without significant loss of flexibility of the generated current and voltage waveforms.
  • each half-bridge each consisting of at least two series-connected electrical switches
  • the code book of this particular embodiment contains at least three states ⁇ positive, negative, bypass ⁇ ;
  • one of the two electrical connections of at least one energy store of the module belonging to the inter-module connection subunit is electrically connected to at least one module connection of the inter-module connection subunit;
  • one of the two electrical connections of at least one energy store of the module belonging to the inter-module connection subunit is electrically connected to at least one module connection of the inter-module connection sub-unit;
  • the electrical converter circuit has at least two similar series-connected modules, at least one electronic control unit 901, 1001, 1101, 1201, 1301, 1401, at least one coded electrical signal transmission 904, 906, 1004, 1104, 1106, 1107, 1204, 1213 , 1214, 1206, 1302, 1306, 1404 and at least one decoder 907, 1005, 1108, 1207, 1307, 1407, wherein the series-connected modules form a module strand, as used in particular for building a bridge branch or a phase module, and wherein each module has at least one electrical energy storage and electronic Contains switch, wherein at least one of the modules is connected via at least one electrical connection with a subsequent one behind the other modules and wherein the switching elements of the modules connect their respective electrical energy storage so with electrical connections of the series-connected modules, that optionally at least two of the following circuit variants of the electric Energy storage exist:
  • the switching elements of the modules connect their respective electrical energy stores with electrical connections of the series-connected modules, that optionally at least said parallel circuit and at least one series connection or optionally at least said bypass circuit and at least one said series connection.
  • the electrical converter circuit according to one of the two aforementioned embodiments further comprises at least one galvanically isolating signal transmitter 905, 1007, 1105, 1205, 1305, 1405.
  • the galvanically isolating signal transmitter of the electrical converter circuit of the last-mentioned embodiment transmits at least part of the signals encoded by the at least one encoder.
  • At least one decoder per module is provided.
  • the at least one decoder per module of the last-mentioned embodiment provides the switching signals with at least one decoded signal for each switch of the respective module as a control signal.
  • the at least one decoder per module of the latter embodiment is in each case integrated into the electronics of the associated module.
  • At least one decoder per inter-module connection is provided.
  • the at least one decoder per inter-module connection of the electrical converter circuit represents the latter Embodiment ready the switching signals with at least one separate decoded signal for each switch of the respective inter-module connection as a control signal.
  • At least one decoder per inter-module connection subunit is provided.
  • the at least one decoder per inter-module connection subunit of the last-mentioned embodiment provides the switching signals with at least one separate decoded signal for each switch of the respective inter-module connection sub-unit as the control signal.
  • the electrical converter circuit of one of the preceding embodiments further comprises at least one channel coder 1212.
  • a method for controlling an electrical converter circuit wherein the electrical converter circuit at least two similar series-connected modules, at least one electronic control unit 901, 1001, 1101, 1201, 1301, 1401, at least one coded electrical signal transmission 904, 906, 1004 , 1104, 1106, 1107, 1204, 1213, 1214, 1206, 1302, 1306, 1404 and at least one decoder 907, 1005, 1108, 1207, 1307, 1407, wherein the series-connected modules form a module strand, in particular for construction a bridge branch or a phase module is used, and wherein each module has at least one electrical energy storage 214, 221, 226, 244, 250, 260, 403, 404 and at least one electronic switch 216, 217, 211, 212, 218, 219, 223, 224, 241, 242, 246, 247, 248, 253, 254, 255, 256, 264, 265, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 413, 413, 4

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit électronique à commande associée pour des alimentations en courant électroniques de puissance, des convertisseurs électriques, des onduleurs électriques, des systèmes de transmission d'énergie, des convertisseurs intégrés dans la batterie ainsi que des systèmes de batterie ayant la possibilité de modifier l'interconnexion électrique d'unités de batterie, par exemple en série ou en parallèle les unes par rapport aux autres, et des systèmes électroniques de puissance comparables, faisant preuve d'efficacité. L'invention concerne en particulier des circuits électroniques de puissance qui contiennent plusieurs commutateurs électriques et/ou plusieurs accumulateurs d'énergie électriques et/ou plusieurs modules qui comportent chacun au moins un commutateur électrique et au moins un accumulateur d'énergie électrique. L'invention concerne un circuit électronique pour la formation d'énergie électrique et une commande associée, qui permet d'économiser de manière avantageuse les données de commande, la vitesse de transmission ainsi que des circuits d'acheminement des signaux, et de réduire le taux d'erreurs et les interférences électromagnétiques.
PCT/EP2018/025045 2017-06-20 2018-02-23 Circuit électronique pour la conversion d'une énergie électrique et commande associée Ceased WO2018233871A1 (fr)

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DE102017113460.3A DE102017113460A1 (de) 2017-06-20 2017-06-20 Elektronische Schaltung zur Konvertierung elektrischer Energie und zugehörige Steuerung
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