WO2019052763A1 - Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019052763A1
WO2019052763A1 PCT/EP2018/072073 EP2018072073W WO2019052763A1 WO 2019052763 A1 WO2019052763 A1 WO 2019052763A1 EP 2018072073 W EP2018072073 W EP 2018072073W WO 2019052763 A1 WO2019052763 A1 WO 2019052763A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polymer structure
molding
polymer
heater
rch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/072073
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Zoske
Peter Neidenberger
Bengt Meier
Mina KROMPIC
Christoph JÖRG
Volodymyr Ilchenko
Jan Steffens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102017121062.8A external-priority patent/DE102017121062A1/de
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Publication of WO2019052763A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019052763A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0441—Interfaces between the electrodes of a resistive heating element and the power supply means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC resistor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heater, in particular for a motor vehicle, and a method for producing the same.
  • the invention relates to a heating element, preferably an electric heater, and a method for producing the same. Further aspects of the invention relate to a method for operating a heater and the use of a heater or a heating element.
  • Electric heaters are usually based on ceramic heating elements with a comparatively strong temperature-dependent electrical resistance, through which a self-regulation of the heat release is possible.
  • These resistors are typically PTC elements (PTC for Positive Temperature Coefficient). These are usually made with heat exchanger surfaces
  • the object is achieved by a method for (or) the production of a heater, preferably liquid or air heater, in particular for a motor vehicle, and / or by a method for (or) production of a heating element, preferably a (or above-mentioned) electric heater, wherein at least one conductive polymer structure comprising a polymer component and a conductive component, in particular
  • connection structure specifically: connection element or electrode
  • connection element or electrode during the molding (ie in particular primary forming and / or reshaping) of the polymer structure with this is connected.
  • a central idea of the invention is to provide a conductive polymer structure of a (polymer) heating element with a connection structure (connecting element /
  • Electrode during molding of the polymer structure to connect with this.
  • the connection thus takes place in particular during (or by means of) one
  • the production method according to the invention makes it possible in a simple manner to achieve a particularly positive connection between the polymer structure and the (metallic) connection structure (electrode) for the cohesion of the two materials.
  • a particularly positive connection between the polymer structure and the (metallic) connection structure (electrode) for the cohesion of the two materials.
  • Terminal structure (electrode) via a simple, inexpensive process (For example, forming process) are produced in relatively large numbers. Overall, the production of efficient and reliable working
  • a “molding” is to be understood in particular as a process in which a starting material of the conductive polymer structure changes in shape or only assumes its (final) form (for example, from a gaseous, liquid, pasty or pasty state).
  • prototypes is meant, in particular, a manufacturing process (preferably according to DIN 8580 in its validity in 2018) in which a solid body is produced from an informal material, which has a geometrically defined shape Form of a solid body and thus created a substance cohesion
  • Starting materials can be liquid, gaseous, plastic (deformable), granular, powdery, pasty and / or pasty substances.
  • primary molding by casting gravitational, pressure, low-pressure, centrifugal, and / or continuous casting
  • foaming or immersion molding can be used.
  • an original molding from the preferably plastic state eg polymer melt
  • Calendering blow molding and / or modeling are used.
  • a prototyping in particular from the pulpy state, preferably pouring takes place.
  • a particular granular or powdery state of the starting material for example, a pressing, sand molding or
  • thermal spraying done.
  • a deposition can take place.
  • an electrolytic deposition in a mold.
  • prototypes can therefore be understood as meaning a production process in which a (solid) body is produced from an informal or deformable (eg liquid, pasty, pasty or plastically deformable) material which is dimensionally stable (or a geometrically defined Has shape).
  • a reshaping is to be understood in particular as meaning a method in which a (at least essentially solid) blank is already made of a (plastically, at least at least one temperature) deformable material which is (deliberately) brought into another form, in particular without Remove material from the blank. It can be a warm or
  • a massive and / or sheet metal forming can take place. Basically, a deformation by a tensile, compressive or bending stress can be done. For example, extrusion,
  • At least one corresponding mold (or at least one corresponding molding tool) is used, in which the polymer structure is shaped (aus-).
  • a shape may be, for example, a casting mold.
  • connection structure preferably at least does not substantially change its shape during its connection (by molding, in particular initial or deformation) with the polymer structure.
  • connection structure can also change its shape during this step or, before or after it or overlapping in time, a shaping of the connection structure can take place.
  • the connection structure may already be formed at a time in which the original or reshaping is started. A subsequent transformation of the
  • Connection structure does not take place if necessary, but can be done (for example, by a subsequent bending of the connection structure, possibly as the only after the
  • connection structures can be provided with respect to a heating element.
  • Heating element is provided on both sides of the heating element in each case a connection structure.
  • a connection structure As far as only one connection structure is described below, the same can apply to such two (or more) connection structures or only one of them.
  • a heating element or a plurality of heating elements may be provided. These can define a gap (through which a fluid to be heated can flow).
  • connection structure and the polymer structure is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a form-locking connection which, if appropriate, can at least be supported by a cohesive connection. Possibly. can also be present (only) a cohesive connection.
  • a connection between the connection structure and the polymer structure is preferably to be understood as an at least partially direct connection. Possibly. However, at least in some sections, at least one other component can be used
  • Polymer structure and connection structure may be arranged and possibly mediate the connection.
  • An electric heater may be a fluid heater
  • liquid or gas heater preferably water or
  • Air heater act.
  • the fluid may be water, preferably cooling water or air, preferably heating air for an interior, in particular a vehicle.
  • the heater has at least one fluid channel, in particular a plurality, such as at least three or at least eight fluid channels.
  • the heating element may (but does not have) one or more
  • Heating element or more, for example, at least two or at least five heating elements may be provided.
  • Connection structure formed as a one-piece, in particular monolithic, structure. It is possible for preferably exactly one or alternatively a plurality of polymer structure (s) (per heating element and / or heating device) to be provided.
  • the heater may preferably be formed as an assembly, for example, defined by a housing within which one or more heating elements provided (and corresponding fluid channels formed) is / are.
  • the heater may have at least one fluid inlet and at least one fluid outlet.
  • the metallic terminal structure may include copper or a copper alloy.
  • connection structure has at least one recess and is arranged such that when the polymer structure is formed, a polymer structure starting material enters into the recess of the connection structure.
  • at least one (or the at least one referred to in connection with the recess) electrical (preferably metallic) connection structure (connection element / electrode) comprise at least one projection and are arranged such that the projection when forming the polymer structure at least partially (if necessary completely, in particular so that the protrusion is completely enveloped by material of the polymer structure) is embedded in the polymer structure (or a corresponding polymer structure starting material).
  • Embodiments in particular with at least one recess, can be realized in a simple manner a secure connection between polymer structure and connection structure. Possibly. can the (entire, respective)
  • Embedding in the polymer structure is to be understood in particular that the at least one electrical connection element or its projection of more than one side in contact with the polymer structure or that at least 50% of the electrical connection element or its projection are covered by the polymer structure.
  • At least one fluid channel for passing the fluid to be heated between at least two heating elements can be formed and / or a fluid channel can be formed within a / of the heating element, in particular be introduced during the molding of the polymer structure in the polymer structure.
  • the recess is an opening
  • the recess may be partially or completely filled with the polymer structure starting material.
  • the projection may be partially or completely embedded in the polymer structure.
  • there may be a plurality of recesses and / or a plurality of projections (preferably with the properties explained above and below), for example at least two or at least five or at least ten recesses or projections.
  • the (respective) recess and / or the (respective) projection may have a round, in particular circular, and / or an angular, in particular rectangular, and / or an elongated, in the case of a recess in particular slit-shaped, cross-section.
  • elongated (or slit-shaped) cross-section is a cross-section to understand, in which a length (maximum diameter) at least 2 times, preferably at least 5 times as large as a width (minimum
  • the (respective) recess may be partially or completely bounded, in particular edged, by at least one projection, preferably produced by punching and / or pressing and / or undercut. Such an edge can for example be set up or pulled through and / or formed undercut (comparable to a cheese grater).
  • the (respective) recess or opening may also be formed with a smooth edge (which does not protrude from the surface of the connection structure or electrode).
  • connection structure (per se) by prototyping or reshaping (possibly as above and below in connection with the
  • Polymer structure further specified are formed.
  • such forming (reshaping or molding) is completed before molding (conversion). or prototypes) of the polymer material begins (but need not be, see above).
  • connection structure may be a sheet, in particular perforated sheet, and / or a sheet metal strip, in particular perforated sheet strips, and / or a film, in particular perforated film, and / or a film strip, in particular
  • LochfolienstMail and / or a grid and / or a knit and / or a fabric and / or a knit include.
  • the grid may be 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional.
  • a grating is preferably an array of intersecting (preferably mutually
  • a possibly provided sheet may have a thickness of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm and / or more than 0.2 mm or 0.5 mm.
  • a possibly provided film may have a thickness of less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm or preferably more than 0.05 mm or 0.1 mm. If necessary, at least 5 or at least 10 or at least 40 holes (in sheet metal or
  • Foil are formed or be.
  • Connection structure preferably comprises: casting, in particular injection molding and / or die casting, and / or pressing, in particular extrusion and / or compression molding and / or foaming.
  • the shaping (of the polymer structure, if appropriate also of the connection structure) preferably comprises: pressure forming, in particular extrusion molding and / or extrusion and / or deep drawing and / or bending.
  • the at least one electrical connection structure is preferably arranged in a mold, in particular injection molding tool, prior to the primary molding, in particular injection molding.
  • an electric heater in particular liquid or air heater, in particular for a motor vehicle, preferably prepared by the above method, comprising at least one Conductive polymer structure, wherein the polymer structure contains a polymer component and a conductive component, in particular carbon component, wherein the polymer structure with an electrical, in particular metallic, connection structure (connection element / electrode) by means of a molding,
  • connection structure preferably has at least one recess and / or at least one
  • a heating element in particular for the above heater, preferably produced by the above method, comprising at least one conductive polymer structure, wherein the polymer structure contains a polymer component and a conductive component, in particular carbon component, wherein the polymer structure with an electrical, in particular metallic, connection structure
  • connection element / electrode is connected by means of molding, in particular primary shaping and / or reshaping, wherein the connection structure preferably has at least one recess and / or at least one projection.
  • Connection with the electric heating element can also be realized independently of the corresponding manufacturing process.
  • connection structure has a metal sheet, in particular perforated plate and / or a sheet metal strip, in particular perforated sheet strips, and / or a film, in particular perforated film, and / or a film strip, in particular
  • connection structure can furthermore also comprise a strip (with or without recesses or openings) or a wire.
  • the carbon component is preferably in particle form and / or as a carbon skeleton.
  • the carbon component may be in the form of carbon black and / or graphite and / or graphene and / or carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes.
  • the polymer structure may be an electrically insulating
  • Polymer component (or alternatively an electrically conductive polymer component).
  • Ber a heater of the above type or prepared according to the above manufacturing method, wherein fluid, in particular a liquid or air flows through the heater and is thereby heated.
  • the above object is further achieved by the use of a heater or a heating element of the above type or prepared by the above method, for heating a fluid, in particular a liquid, preferably water, or air, in particular in a motor vehicle, preferably for a motor vehicle interior.
  • a heater or a heating element of the above type or prepared by the above method for heating a fluid, in particular a liquid, preferably water, or air, in particular in a motor vehicle, preferably for a motor vehicle interior.
  • the polymer structure is preferably dimensionally stable per se, so also retains its shape when other components of the air heater are removed (or have not yet been added or integrated with other components, if they were not provided, which by Herstellong a
  • a tool for carrying out the shaping, in particular remodeling or primary shaping can be correspondingly provided with the (respective) recess, the (respective) projection and / or the (respective) fluid channel have corresponding production structures (eg corresponding projections and / or recesses).
  • Mold in particular injection molding tool, arranged (or inserted into such).
  • prototyping eg.
  • Injection molding in the mold (injection mold) connecting cables are inserted from sheet metal strips.
  • the polymer structure may have a lattice, honeycomb or mesh structure.
  • Cross sections of possibly provided fluid channels in the polymer structure may be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably
  • Polymer structure amount to more than 80% of a total cross section of the polymer structure.
  • the polymer structure may comprise an electrically insulating polymer component.
  • the above object is further achieved by a vehicle comprising a heater or a heating element according to the above-described type or produced by the method described above.
  • Cross sections of at least one or more or all possibly provided fluid channels may be polygonal, in particular quadrangular, preferably rectangular (more preferably square) or oval, in particular elliptical,
  • a cross section within a fluid channel may vary or be constant (over its length). Also cross sections
  • different air channels may differ or be the same.
  • Short circuits can be a protective layer (paint or seal) on the entire air heater or at least exposed areas of the
  • Polymer structure may be provided.
  • Plastic component should be understood as an abbreviation for "electrically conductive”.
  • the polymer structure may be formed as a polymer plate (with corresponding openings or air channels).
  • Polymer component and carbon component are preferably mixed together or intertwined.
  • the first component and carbon component are preferably mixed together or intertwined.
  • Polymer component form a (skeletal) framework in which the
  • Carbon component is added or vice versa.
  • the polymer structure is at least
  • Carbon component e.g. the carbon particles.
  • the carbon component is at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight of carbon.
  • the polymer component is in particular in the form of an electrically insulating polymer component.
  • the polymer component may be a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate (copolymer) and / or
  • polyolefin in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene
  • polyester and / or polyamide and / or fluoropolymer are examples of polyolefin
  • subcomponent is intended here in particular for
  • first and second polymer subcomponent Distinction between first and second polymer subcomponent can be used.
  • the respective subcomponent can either partially or also completely form the polymer component.
  • the ethylene acrylate may be ethyl methyl acrylate or ethylene ethyl acrylate.
  • Ethylene acetate may be ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • the polyethylene may be high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene.
  • the fluoropolymer may be PFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester) MFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester), FEP (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene), ETFE (copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) act.
  • PFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester
  • MFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester
  • FEP copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
  • the first polymer subcomponent as in FIG. 1
  • WO 2014/188190 AI (described as a first-electrically insulating material) may be formed.
  • the second polymer subcomponent can likewise be formed as described in WO 2014/188190 A1 (as a second-electrically insulating material).
  • the polymer structure or the polymer structures and / or a corresponding substance to be formed (eg paste) for the production thereof may comprise (as in particular crystalline binder) at least one polymer, preferably based on at least one olefin; and / or at least one copolymer of at least one olefin and at least one monomer which can be copolymerized therewith, e.g. As ethylene / acrylic acid and / or
  • polyacetylene or polyalkenylene such as.
  • polyoctenamer polyoctenamer
  • melt-deformable, fluoropolymer such as.
  • polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof As polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof.
  • the polymer structure or one for producing the
  • Binders (especially according to p. 4, 2nd paragraph and p. 5, 1st paragraph of
  • the polymer structure is preferably a PTC resistor.
  • metallic connecting elements of the electrical resistance in the transition into the polymer structure (or a polymer material of the
  • Polymer structure are minimized and the risk of deterioration of the contact over the life can be reduced.
  • the latter can be roughened (for example by sandblasting) and / or holes and / or undercuts can be introduced into the (respective) connection element.
  • sandblasting for example by sandblasting
  • holes and / or undercuts can be introduced into the (respective) connection element.
  • Drahtgewebe-, knitted and / or -gewirke be provided as connecting elements.
  • the polymer structure can not only fulfill the task of a heat conductor, but at the same time enable further functions as an (integral) component, in particular forming a frame or connecting surfaces for the heater.
  • the heater or heating element is preferably for operation in the
  • An electrically insulating material is in particular a material to be understood, having at room temperature (25 ° C), an electrical conductivity of less than 10 "1 S 1 irr 1 (possibly less than 10" 8 S 1 m "1). Accordingly, is an electrical conductor or a material (or coating) to be understood with electrical conductivity, a material that is an electrical
  • the material of the polymer structure can not only pass through the respective opening, but also form a supernatant or at least partially (mushroom-like) cover an edge surface of the connection structure on a side facing away from the polymer structure. This can be done in a particularly simple manner a secure connection.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an inventive
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an inventive
  • the heating element comprises a polymer structure 10 and a first connection structure I Ia and a second connection structure I Ib.
  • Terminal structures I Ia, I Ib serve as electrodes to supply the electrically conductive polymer structure 10 with a voltage so that a current can flow through the polymer structure in order to heat the polymer structure and thus its environment (or a passing or flowing through fluid) ,
  • connection structures I Ia, I Ib have a multiplicity of recesses or openings 12 through which material of the polymer structure (in this case completely) passes.
  • Corresponding penetrations 13 of the polymer structure 10 (which penetrate through the openings 12) expand (mushroom-like, forming a respective extension 15) on a side 14 of the (respective) connection structure I Ia, I Ib, which faces away from the polymer structure 10.
  • the heating element shown in FIG. 1 can be produced, for example, by providing a starting material in a paste-like or solid (but plastically deformable) state and pressing in the connection structures I Ia, I Ib into this starting material or the starting form (raw form).
  • the connection structures can also form parts of a shape which ultimately defines the polymer structure 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique, de préférence d'un dispositif de chauffage à liquide ou à air, en particulier pour un véhicule à moteur, ou de fabrication d'un élément chauffant, de préférence d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique, au moins une structure polymère conductrice (10) qui contient un composant polymère et un composant conducteur, en particulier un composant carbone, étant fabriqué par moulage, en particulier par formage primaire et/ou formage, au moins une structure de raccordement électrique (11a, 11b), de préférence métallique, étant reliée à la structure polymère (10) lors du moulage de celle-ci.
PCT/EP2018/072073 2017-09-12 2018-08-14 Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif Ceased WO2019052763A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017121041.5 2017-09-12
DE102017121062.8A DE102017121062A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Fluidheizgerät, insbesondere Luftheizgerät
DE102017121063.6A DE102017121063A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Heizleiter sowie Heizgerät
DE102017121041.5A DE102017121041A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Heizgerät und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
DE102017121062.8 2017-09-12
DE102017121063.6 2017-09-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019052763A1 true WO2019052763A1 (fr) 2019-03-21

Family

ID=63312000

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/072073 Ceased WO2019052763A1 (fr) 2017-09-12 2018-08-14 Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019052763A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE68923455T2 (de) 1988-09-20 1995-12-14 Raychem Corp Leitende polymerzusammensetzung.
EP1407907A1 (fr) * 2002-10-07 2004-04-14 Behr GmbH & Co. Dispositif d'échange de chaleur
EP1839920A1 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-03 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Chauffage électrique pour un système de climatisation d'un véhicule
WO2014188190A1 (fr) 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Heat Trace Limited Chauffage électrique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE68923455T2 (de) 1988-09-20 1995-12-14 Raychem Corp Leitende polymerzusammensetzung.
EP1407907A1 (fr) * 2002-10-07 2004-04-14 Behr GmbH & Co. Dispositif d'échange de chaleur
EP1839920A1 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-03 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Chauffage électrique pour un système de climatisation d'un véhicule
WO2014188190A1 (fr) 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Heat Trace Limited Chauffage électrique

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3631318A1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
WO2013124454A1 (fr) Procédé pour fabriquer une feuille de graphite, feuille de graphite fabriquée avec ledit procédé et utilisation de ladite feuille de graphite
DE102013226732A1 (de) Adsorberstruktur
WO2008071348A1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage ou de chauffage auxiliaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou de climatisation de véhicule à moteur
DE102013208791A1 (de) Hybridfolie für einen Energietransformer
WO2019052763A1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
EP2157641B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire et plaque bipolaire pour une batterie bipolaire au plomb
EP1839920B1 (fr) Chauffage électrique pour un système de climatisation d'un véhicule
WO2022223175A1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage d'un milieu
EP1445553B1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur
EP2157642A2 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'une cellule bipolaire et cellule bipolaire pour une batterie bipolaire
EP1933597A1 (fr) Chauffage ou chauffage supplémentaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou climatisation d'un véhicule
WO2019224062A1 (fr) Élément chauffant et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci
WO2007031324A1 (fr) Dispositif et element chauffant
DE102008036320A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bipolarplatte und Bipolarplatte für eine bipolare Batterie
WO2011012502A1 (fr) Module de chauffage et procédé de fabrication du module de chauffage

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18758848

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18758848

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1