WO2020007809A1 - Installation de production d'énergie, onduleur et procédé de préchargement de circuits intermédiaires en courant continu d'onduleurs - Google Patents

Installation de production d'énergie, onduleur et procédé de préchargement de circuits intermédiaires en courant continu d'onduleurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020007809A1
WO2020007809A1 PCT/EP2019/067633 EP2019067633W WO2020007809A1 WO 2020007809 A1 WO2020007809 A1 WO 2020007809A1 EP 2019067633 W EP2019067633 W EP 2019067633W WO 2020007809 A1 WO2020007809 A1 WO 2020007809A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
inverter
direct current
source
intermediate circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/EP2019/067633
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rainer Nillies
Reinhard Lehmann
Tim Roesinger
Christian Hardt
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SMA Solar Technology AG
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SMA Solar Technology AG
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Publication of WO2020007809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020007809A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/40—Synchronisation of generators for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/44—Synchronisation of generators for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as AC or DC; Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks combining AC and DC sections or sub-networks
    • H02J4/20—Networks integrating separated AC and DC power sections
    • H02J4/25—Networks integrating separated AC and DC power sections for transfer of electric power between AC and DC networks, e.g. for supplying the DC section within a load from an AC mains system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy generation system with inverters, an inverter for an energy generation system, a method for operating an energy generation system and a method for operating an inverter.
  • Inverters are used for converting an electrical power in the form of a direct current (DC power) that can be consumed on the DC voltage into an electrical power in the form of an alternating current (AC power) that can be fed into the AC voltage network and vice versa.
  • the DC power can come from a direct current source, in particular from a generator, for example a photovoltaic generator or a wind power plant, or an energy store, for example a battery, can be removed or added.
  • inverters regularly have a DC voltage intermediate circuit, in particular capacitors, and an inverter bridge, in particular a number of semiconductor switches.
  • the direct current source is then connected to the direct voltage intermediate circuit and feeds electrical power into the direct voltage intermediate circuit, wherein a direct voltage converter can be arranged between the direct current source and the direct voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the inverter bridge draws electrical power from the DC voltage intermediate circuit and feeds an alternating current into the AC voltage network by means of controlled timing of the semiconductor switches of the inverter bridge.
  • a direct current source to a discharged direct voltage intermediate circuit without further measures, for example a photovoltaic generator with a design and radiation-related open circuit voltage or in particular a battery with a design and battery voltage due to the state of charge, so due to the difference between the low voltage in the discharged DC voltage intermediate circuit and the comparatively high generator or battery voltage, significant compensating currents would flow from the DC source into the capacitors of the DC voltage intermediate circuit until the capacitors are charged in such a way that the voltage in the DC intermediate circuit has adjusted to the voltage of the DC source.
  • compensation currents can damage or even destroy components of the inverter, for example DC disconnectors or fuses which are arranged between the DC source and the inverter bridge.
  • an inverter can comprise a dedicated precharging device which draws electrical power from the direct current source to be connected or from another source and in particular feeds it into the direct voltage intermediate circuit via precharging resistors.
  • energy generation systems can comprise a plurality of inverters which can be connected on the DC voltage side to one or more DC sources and, in particular, can be closed in parallel on the AC voltage side.
  • an inverter can comprise several inverter bridges DC side connected to one or more DC sources and in particular AC side can be closed in parallel.
  • a separate precharge circuit is conventionally assigned to each DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • a common precharge circuit which is electrically connected in parallel to several DC voltage intermediate circuits and precharges them at the same time, is also conceivable, but requires additional disconnecting devices, which cancels the parallel connection of the DC voltage intermediate circuits during operation of the power generation system or the inverter, around the individual inverters or the individual inverter bridges to be able to control individually.
  • the invention has for its object to show a power generation system with a plurality of inverters or an inverter with a plurality of inverter bridges and a method for operating such a power generation system or a method for operating such an inverter, with which a precharging of the DC intermediate circuits of the power generation system or the inverter is made possible without having to provide a separate precharging device for each DC link or separating devices between the DC links.
  • An energy generation system comprises a first inverter with a first DC voltage intermediate circuit, to which a first DC current source or an external DC current source can be connected via a first isolating device, and at least one second inverter with a second DC voltage intermediate circuit, to which a second DC current source or the external DC current source is connected via a second isolating device can be connected.
  • the inverters are connected in parallel on the AC voltage side and the energy generation system comprises a precharging device for precharging the DC voltage intermediate circuits, the precharging device is connected on the direct voltage side to the first inverter in order to charge the first direct voltage intermediate circuit when the direct current sources are separated from the inverters by means of the separating devices.
  • the first inverter is set up to provide a DC voltage generated on the AC voltage side from the first DC voltage intermediate circuit
  • the second inverter being set up to charge the second DC voltage intermediate circuit by means of the DC voltage applied to the second inverter via the AC voltage side.
  • the power generation system according to the invention can be started in the event of the failure of an AC voltage network and feed electrical power into the AC voltage network by being set up in such a way that all DC intermediate circuits of the power generation system can be charged by means of only one precharging device. In this way, cost savings can be achieved by dispensing with further precharging devices for the individual DC voltage intermediate circuits or separating devices between the individual DC voltage intermediate circuits.
  • the inverters can be connected in parallel on the DC voltage side on the side of the separating devices facing away from the inverters, wherein the parallel connection can in particular be implemented in such a way that the power generation system has a DC bus to which the external DC power source, in particular at least one external generator and / or at least one external one Energy storage device is connected, and that the inverters are connected on the DC voltage side to the DC bus.
  • the external direct current source can be connected to the inverters via the disconnection devices and can supply the inverters with electrical power to be converted.
  • the energy generation system can comprise first and second direct current sources, the first inverter being connected to the first direct current source and the second inverter being connected to the second direct current source.
  • the first and the second direct current source can in principle be operated independently of one another.
  • a further generator and / or a further energy store can be connected to the precharging device, so that the precharging device can be set up to provide the further generator and / or the further energy store with electrical power via a further separating device for precharging the DC voltage intermediate circuits refer to.
  • the precharging device can be independent of the specific state of the DC sources or the external generator or energy store of the power generation system are supplied with an electrical power required for precharging the DC voltage intermediate circuits.
  • the precharging device can be connected to the direct current bus and can be set up to take electrical power for precharging the direct voltage intermediate circuits from the direct current bus via a further separating device.
  • the further isolating device can be arranged as required between the DC bus and the precharging device or between the precharging device and the first DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • An inverter comprises a first inverter bridge, a first DC link assigned to the first inverter bridge, to which a first DC source or an external DC source can be connected via a first isolating device, at least one second inverter bridge, and a second DC link assigned to the second inverter bridge, to which one second direct current source or the external direct current source can be connected via a second isolating device.
  • the inverter bridges are connected in parallel on the AC voltage side and the inverter comprises a precharging device for precharging the DC voltage intermediate circuits, the precharging device on the DC voltage side being connected to the first DC voltage intermediate circuit of the first inverter bridge in order to charge the first DC voltage intermediate circuit when the DC sources are separated from the inverter bridges by means of the isolating devices.
  • An inverter according to the invention is set up to provide a DC voltage generated from the first DC link on the AC voltage side by means of the first inverter bridge and to charge the second DC voltage link by means of the DC voltage applied to the second inverter bridge via the AC voltage side.
  • the inverter according to the invention comprises several DC voltage intermediate circuits, it is thus possible to charge the DC voltage intermediate circuits of the inverter by means of only one precharging device, and further precharging devices for the individual DC voltage intermediate circuits or isolating devices between the individual DC voltage intermediate circuits can be dispensed with. This enables a cost-effective construction of the inverter according to the invention.
  • the inverter bridges of the inverter according to the invention can be connected in parallel on the DC voltage side on the side of the separating devices facing away from the inverter bridges, wherein the parallel connection can in particular be implemented in such a way that the inverter has a DC bus to which the external DC source, in particular at least one external generator and / or comprises at least one external energy store, is connected, and that the inverter bridges are connected on the DC voltage side to the DC bus.
  • the external direct current source can thus be connected to the inverter bridges via the disconnection devices and can supply the inverter bridges with electrical power.
  • the inverter can be set up in such a way that the first DC source can be connected to the first inverter bridge and the second DC source can be connected to the second inverter bridge.
  • the first and the second direct current source can thus basically be operated independently of one another.
  • the precharging device can be connected to a further generator and / or a further energy store and can be set up to take electrical power for precharging the DC voltage intermediate circuits from the further generator and / or the further energy store via a further separating device.
  • the precharging device can be supplied with the electrical power required for precharging the DC voltage intermediate circuits, regardless of the specific state of the DC sources or the external generator or energy store.
  • the precharging device can be connected to the direct current bus and can be set up to take electrical power for precharging the direct voltage intermediate circuits from the direct current bus via a further separating device.
  • the further isolating device can be arranged as required between the DC bus and the precharging device or between the precharging device and the first DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the construction of the inverter is further simplified by using the DC bus as a common source for the precharging device and the inverter bridges of the inverter. This possibility of precharging also arises when the precharging device is connected to the first direct current source instead of to the direct current bus.
  • a method according to the invention for the energy generation system which has a first inverter with a first DC voltage intermediate circuit, to which a first DC power source or an external DC power source is connected via a first isolating device is connectable, and comprises at least one second inverter with a second DC voltage intermediate circuit, to which a second DC current source or the external DC current source can be connected via a second isolating device, and in which the inverters are connected in parallel on the AC voltage side, is characterized in that the first DC voltage intermediate circuit is open a voltage is charged within a predetermined voltage range, switches of the first inverter are switched on, so that the voltage of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit is applied to the first inverter on the AC voltage side and the second DC voltage intermediate circuit is precharged via the AC voltage parallel circuit and the second inverter, and that the first and the second direct current source or the external direct current source with the precharged direct voltage intermediate circuits and the power generation system with the change voltage network are connected if the voltages of the DC voltage intermediate circuits
  • a corresponding energy generation system can be started, in particular in the event of a failure of an AC voltage network, and can feed electrical power into the AC voltage network by charging the DC voltage intermediate circuits of the inverters of the energy generation system by means of only one precharging device.
  • cost savings can be achieved by dispensing with further precharging devices for the individual DC voltage intermediate circuits or separating devices between the individual DC voltage intermediate circuits.
  • the switches of the first inverter can be switched on before or after charging of the first DC link.
  • the switches are only opened after charging the first DC link, a lower instantaneous electrical power is required to charge the DC links, since only a subset of the DC links is charged at the same time.
  • quick charging and thus a shorter starting process is possible if the switches are switched on before the first DC link is charged, and regulation of the starting process is simplified since the starting process comprises fewer sub-steps overall.
  • the energy generation system can comprise a precharging device for precharging the DC voltage intermediate circuits and the precharging device for charging the first DC voltage intermediate circuit a connection between a voltage source and the first Establish DC link.
  • This connection can be established by the precharging device itself, for example by the precharging device comprising a corresponding separating device.
  • the precharging device or a control device can control a disconnecting device which can be arranged between the voltage source and the precharging device or between the precharging device and the first DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • connection between the voltage source and the first DC voltage intermediate circuit can be disconnected by the precharging device and the switches of the first inverter can be switched off before connecting the power generation system to the AC voltage network. This prevents electrical power from the voltage source from reaching the AC network via the precharging device and the first inverter, or vice versa.
  • One of the direct current sources can be used as the voltage source for the precharging device.
  • the inverters can be connected to a DC bus on the DC voltage side on the side of the separating devices facing away from the inverters, and the DC bus can be supplied with electrical power from the external DC power source, which in particular comprises at least one external generator or at least one external energy store.
  • the voltages applied to the separating devices on the side facing away from the inverters are essentially identical to one another and are predetermined by the voltage applied to the DC bus by the external DC voltage source.
  • the method according to the invention can further be characterized in that the predetermined voltage range for the charged direct voltage intermediate circuits comprises voltages which deviate from a mean or instantaneous open circuit voltage of the direct current sources by a maximum of 10 percent, preferably a maximum of 5 percent. This can ensure that the compensating currents generated when connecting the DC power sources to the DC voltage intermediate circuits are sufficiently limited and do not cause fuses to trip incorrectly or cause damage to the power generation system.
  • a method for operating an inverter which assigns a first inverter bridge and a first DC link assigned to the first inverter bridge, to which a first DC source or an external DC source can be connected via a first disconnection device, and at least one second inverter bridge and one assigned to the second inverter bridge second DC link, to which a second DC source or the external DC source can be connected via a second disconnecting device, the inverter bridges being connected in parallel on the AC side, is characterized in that the first DC link is charged to a voltage within a predetermined voltage range such that the switch first inverter bridge are switched on, so that the voltage of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit is applied to the first inverter bridge on the AC voltage side and the second DC voltage intermediate circuit is precharged via the AC voltage parallel connection and the second inverter bridge, and that the first and the second DC current source or the external DC current source with the pre-charged DC voltage intermediate circuits and the inverter with the AC voltage network if the voltages of the G DC voltages differ
  • a corresponding inverter can be started, in particular in the event of a failure of an AC voltage network, and feed electrical power into the AC voltage network by charging the DC intermediate circuits assigned to the individual inverter bridges by means of only one precharging device, even if the inverter uses several independently of one another DC intermediate circuits includes.
  • This makes it possible to dispense with further precharging devices for the individual DC voltage intermediate circuits or isolating devices between the individual DC voltage intermediate circuits, so that considerable cost savings can be achieved.
  • the switches of the first inverter bridge can in turn be switched on before or after the charging of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit, as a result of which a lower instantaneous electrical power is required for charging the DC voltage intermediate circuits or the starting process is shortened and simplified.
  • the inverter can include a precharging device for precharging the DC voltage intermediate circuits and the precharging device for charging the first DC voltage intermediate circuit can establish a connection between a voltage source and the first DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the precharging device can comprise a corresponding separating device, or the precharging device or a control device can control a corresponding separating device, which can be arranged between the voltage source and the precharging device or between the precharging device and the first DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • connection between the voltage source and the first DC voltage intermediate circuit can be disconnected by the precharging device and the switches of the first inverter bridge can be switched off before connecting the inverter to the AC voltage network. This prevents electrical power from the voltage source from reaching the AC network via the precharging device and the first inverter bridge, or vice versa.
  • One of the direct current sources can be used as the voltage source for the precharging device.
  • the inverter bridges can be connected on the DC side on the side of the separating devices facing away from the inverter bridges with a common DC bus and the DC bus can be supplied with electrical power from the external DC source, which in particular comprises at least one external generator or at least one external energy store.
  • the external DC source which in particular comprises at least one external generator or at least one external energy store.
  • the method according to the invention can further be characterized in that the predetermined voltage range for the charged direct voltage intermediate circuits comprises voltages which deviate from a mean or instantaneous open circuit voltage of the direct current sources by a maximum of 10 percent, preferably a maximum of 5 percent. This can ensure that the compensating currents generated when connecting the DC power sources to the DC voltage intermediate circuits are sufficiently limited and do not cause fuses to trip incorrectly or cause damage to the power generation system.
  • FIG. 1 shows an energy generation system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an inverter according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a method according to the invention for operating a power generation plant
  • the energy generation system 1 comprises direct current sources 10a, 10b, which can comprise, for example, photovoltaic generators or energy stores, in particular rechargeable batteries.
  • the DC sources 10a, 10b are connected to DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b via isolating devices 11a, 11b, in particular via automatically operable, ie remote-controlled, load break switches, which can be single-pole or multi-pole.
  • the DC sources 10a, 10b are connected to DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b via isolating devices 11a, 11b, in particular via automatically operable, ie remote-controlled, load break switches, which can be single-pole or multi-pole.
  • DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b are assigned to inverters 13a, 13b, wherein the inverters 13a, 13b can each form a structural unit with the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b and possibly with the isolating devices 1 1a, 11b.
  • the inverters 13a, 13b have inverter bridges which, in particular, comprise semiconductor switches and can be constructed in one or more phases.
  • the inverters 13a, 13b are connected on the AC voltage side to an AC voltage network 15 via a connection point 14.
  • connection point 14 can comprise a simple electrical parallel connection of the inverters 13a, 13b and / or a further voltage conversion, in particular a transformer, a transformer being particularly suitable if electrical isolation between the inverters 13a, 13b and the AC voltage network 15 is desired and / or the AC voltage network 15 is, for example, a medium voltage network and thus has a higher voltage level than a conventional output voltage of the inverters 13a, 13b.
  • the connection point 14 or an additional device arranged in front or behind it can comprise a further separating device, which can be set up to remove the inverters 13a, 13b or the energy generation system 1 as a whole
  • the energy generation system 1 comprises a precharge circuit 16 which is connected on the DC voltage side to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a of the first inverter 13a.
  • the precharge circuit 16 is supplied by a voltage source, not shown here, which in particular can comprise an energy store arranged internally in the precharge circuit 16 or externally connected to the precharge circuit 16, such an energy store being charged in particular from the AC voltage network or from one of the DC sources 10a, 10b or can be supplied with a trickle charge.
  • the precharge circuit 16 can be connected directly to one of the direct current sources 10a, 10b.
  • the precharge circuit 16 is set up to initially charge the first DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a by connecting a voltage source, in particular via an above-mentioned energy store or one of the DC sources, through the precharge circuit 16, in particular via corresponding switching elements 10a, 10b, and the first DC link 12a.
  • the current flowing through such a connection can be limited by resistors which can be connected in the precharge circuit in particular in series with the connection between the voltage source and the DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a.
  • the precharge circuit can include further measuring means, in particular for detecting voltages of the voltage source used, the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b and the DC current source 10a, as well as control and / or communication devices which, for example, receive a start command to initiate a precharge process and to report back the Progress and completion of the preload can serve.
  • a precharge process is usually initiated when the disconnecting devices 11a, 11b are open, i.e. if the direct current sources 10a, 10b are not connected to the inverters 13a, 13b and the direct voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b have voltages which are significantly lower than the voltages of the corresponding direct current sources 10a, 10b.
  • junction point 14 was converted into a suitable alternating current for feeding into the alternating voltage network 15. With such electrical power fed in, a failed AC voltage network 15 can be put back into operation (so-called “black start”).
  • the first inverter 13a can be set up so that the inverter bridge of the first inverter 13a is switched during a precharging process in such a way that the DC voltage of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a is applied to the inverter 13a on the AC voltage side and thus to the node 14 and to the second inverters 13b on the AC voltage side.
  • the second inverters 13b can be set up to transmit an AC voltage applied DC voltage to the second DC voltage intermediate circuits 12b, for example in that free-wheeling or bypass diodes, which in regular inverter bridges are regularly arranged parallel to the semiconductor switches of the inverter bridge, become conductive, or by the semiconductor switches Inverter bridge can be switched to a corresponding switching state.
  • All DC intermediate circuits 12a, 12b can thus be charged by means of a single precharge circuit 16, the precharge circuit 16 being able to be separated from the first inverter 13a as soon as the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b have voltages which correspond approximately to the voltages of the DC sources 10b.
  • the isolating devices 1 1a, 1 1b can then be closed and thus the direct current sources 10a, 10b can be connected to the inverters 13a, 13b without dangerous equalizing currents flowing between the direct current sources 10a, 10b and the direct voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b.
  • DC power sources 10a, 10b with the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b are then available to the inverters 13a, 13b for the electrical power of the DC power sources 10a, 10b for conversion and feeding into the AC voltage network 15.
  • the inverter 2 shows an inverter 2.
  • the inverter 2 is connected via a direct current connection 20a to a direct current source 20, which can comprise, for example, a photovoltaic generator or an energy store, in particular a rechargeable battery.
  • the DC power source 20 is connected to a DC bus 20b.
  • Via separation devices 1 1a, 11 b, in particular via automatically operable, i.e. Remote-controlled switch disconnectors, which can be single-pole or multi-pole, direct voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b are connected to the direct current bus 20b.
  • the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b can also be connected directly to the DC power source 20 or, analogously to FIG. 1, individually to one of several DC power sources 10a, 10b, so that an eplicit DC bus 20b does not necessarily have to be present.
  • the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b are assigned to inverter bridges 23a, 23b, the inverter bridges 23a, 23b and the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b as well as the isolating devices 1 1a, 1 1 b and possibly the DC bus 20b as a whole being able to form one structural unit.
  • the inverter bridges 23a, 23b can, in particular, comprise semiconductor switches and be constructed in one or more phases.
  • the inverter bridges 23a, 23b are connected to an AC voltage network 15 via a connection point 14.
  • the node 14 can be a simple electrical parallel connection of the inverter bridges 23a, 23b and / or comprise a further voltage conversion, in particular a transformer, a transformer being particularly suitable if electrical isolation between the inverter 2 and the AC network 15 is desired and / or the AC network 15 is, for example, a medium-voltage network and thus a higher voltage level than has an output voltage of the inverter bridges 23a, 23b.
  • the connection point 14 or an additional device arranged in front or behind it can comprise a further disconnection device, which can be set up to disconnect the inverter bridges 23a, 23b or the inverter 2 as a whole from the AC voltage network 15.
  • the inverter 2 comprises a precharge circuit 16, which is connected on the DC voltage side to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a of the first inverter bridge 23a.
  • the precharge circuit 16 is connected to the DC bus 20b and is set up to first charge the first DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a by establishing a connection between the DC power source 20 and the first DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a through the precharge circuit 16, in particular via corresponding switching elements and possibly the DC bus 20b ,
  • the current flowing through such a connection can be limited by resistors which can be connected in series in the precharge circuit with the connection between the direct current source 20 and the direct voltage intermediate circuit 12a.
  • the precharge circuit can include further measuring means, in particular for detecting voltages of the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b and the DC power source 20, as well as control and / or communication devices which serve, for example, to receive a start command to initiate a precharge process and to report the progress and completion of the precharge process can.
  • a precharge process is usually initiated when the separators 11a, 11b are open, i.e. if the inverter bridges 23a, 23b are not connected to the direct current bus 20b or the direct current source 20 and the direct voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b therefore have voltages that are significantly lower than the voltage of the direct current source 20.
  • the AC voltage network 15 is not or cannot be connected to the inverter 2, and / or the AC voltage network 15 may have failed. In the latter case, it can be very helpful to activate the inverter 2 in a suitable manner, to connect it to the AC voltage network 15 and to feed in electrical power that is taken from the DC power source 20 and into a suitable AC current for feeding in via the inverter bridges 23a, 23b and the connection point 14 the AC network 15 converted has been. With an electrical power fed in in this way, a failed AC voltage network 15 can at least partially be put into operation again (so-called “black start”).
  • the first inverter bridge 23a can be set up in such a way that the semiconductor switches of the first inverter bridge 23a are switched during a precharging process in such a way that the DC voltage of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a is applied to the first inverter bridge 23a on the AC voltage side and thus to the node 14 and to the second inverter bridges 23b on the AC voltage side.
  • the second inverter bridges 23b can be set up to transmit an DC voltage applied to the second DC voltage intermediate circuits 12b, for example by making free-wheeling or bypass diodes, which are regularly arranged parallel to the semiconductor switches of the inverter bridge in known inverter bridges, or by that Semiconductor switches of the inverter bridge 23a are switched to a corresponding switching state.
  • the inverter 2 according to FIG. 2 can therefore be set up to enable a power flow during a precharging process, which flows from the direct current source 20 via the precharging circuit 16 into the first direct voltage intermediate circuit 12a and from there via the appropriately switched first inverter bridge 23a Junction point 14 and the second inverter bridges 13b lead into the second DC voltage intermediate circuit 12b.
  • All DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b can thus be charged by means of a single precharge circuit 16, the precharge circuit 16 being able to be separated from the first DC voltage intermediate circuit 12a of the first inverter bridge 23a as soon as the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b have voltages which are approximately the same as the voltage on the DC bus 20b and so that the voltage at the DC power source 20 correspond.
  • the separating devices 11 a, 11 b can be closed and thus the direct current sources 10a. 10b can be connected to the inverter bridges 23a, 23b without dangerous equalizing currents flowing from the direct current source 20 into the direct voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b.
  • the inverter bridges 23a, 23b then have the electrical power of the direct current sources 10a, 10b available for conversion and feeding into the alternating voltage network 15.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are complementary insofar as individual elements of the energy generation system 1 according to FIG. 1 can be used in the inverter 2 according to FIG. 2 and vice versa.
  • the power generation plant 1 can have a direct current bus 20b and an external direct current Have source 20, so that the DC power sources 10a, 10b according to FIG. 1 can be replaced by the external DC power source 20.
  • the DC voltage intermediate circuits 12a, 12b of the inverter 2 according to FIG. 2 can be connected directly to DC sources 10a, 10b instead of taps on the DC bus 20b via the isolating devices 11a, 11b.
  • the precharging device 16 in the power generation system 1 according to FIG. 1 can also be connected to the DC bus 20b which may be present, or conversely the precharging device 16 in the inverter 2 according to FIG. 2 can be supplied from a separate voltage source instead of from the DC bus 20b.
  • both the energy generation system 1 and the inverter 2 can comprise a control device, not shown, which is connected to the precharging device 16, the separating devices 1 1a, 11b and / or the inverters 13a, 13b or
  • Inverter bridges 23a, 23b can be connected. Such a control device can in particular be set up to control the execution of steps of the methods explained in more detail below.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a method for operating an energy generation system according to the invention, for example an energy generation system 1 according to FIG. 1 with inverters for converting electrical power from DC sources and feeding the converted electrical power into an AC voltage network.
  • the energy generation system is not connected to the AC voltage network and the DC sources are not connected to the inverters of the energy generation system.
  • Such a situation can occur in particular if there is a fault in the AC network, i.e. if the AC network has failed.
  • no electrical power can thus be drawn from the AC network.
  • step S2 the first DC link of a first inverter is charged.
  • a precharging device takes electrical power from an energy store or generator connected to it and supplies it to the first DC voltage intermediate circuit, so that the first DC voltage intermediate circuit is precharged to a voltage which lies within a predetermined voltage range.
  • the precharging device draws the electrical power from the direct current source that can be connected to the first direct voltage intermediate circuit, it is advisable to precharge the first direct voltage intermediate circuit in step S2 to a voltage that approximately corresponds to the voltage to be connected to the first direct voltage intermediate circuit.
  • this DC power source is a battery acts and the voltages on this battery are in the range of a few tens to a few hundred volts
  • the first DC link should be precharged in step S2 to a voltage that deviates from the battery voltage by a maximum of a few volts to a few ten volts.
  • step S3 switches of the inverter bridge of the first inverter are switched on, so that the voltage of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit is applied to the first inverter on the AC voltage side. Since it is a direct voltage, it is not necessary, but also not excluded, that the switches of the first inverter are controlled in a clocked manner; In principle, simply switching on individual switches is sufficient to apply a suitable DC voltage to the first inverter on the AC voltage side.
  • the voltage of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit is also present on the AC voltage side of the second inverter and can be transmitted in step S4 via the inverter bridge of the second inverter to the second DC voltage intermediate circuit of the second inverter, in particular by in step S4 electrical power flows from the precharging device or the first DC voltage intermediate circuit via the first inverter and in the opposite direction via the second inverter into the second DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • it is generally not necessary to control switches of the second inverter in particular if bypass diodes are arranged parallel to the switches of an inverter bridge of the second inverter.
  • the second DC voltage intermediate circuit is thus precharged to a voltage which essentially corresponds to the voltage of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the sequence of steps S2 to S4 is not mandatory; In particular, deviating from the illustration in FIG. 3, step S3 can be carried out before step S2, so that an electrical power from the precharging device flows simultaneously into the first DC voltage intermediate circuit and via the first and the second inverter into the second DC voltage intermediate circuit, so that the DC voltage intermediate circuits are precharged at the same time become.
  • the DC sources can be connected to the DC intermediate circuits in step S5, in particular by the corresponding isolating devices between the direct current sources and the direct voltage intermediate circuits are switched into a conductive state. Due to the precharging of the DC voltage voltage, which is largely equalized between the circuits, there are now only small compensating currents, which in particular are significantly lower than would occur between the DC sources and non-precharged DC voltage circuits.
  • the energy generation system can be connected to the alternating voltage network in step S6 and feed electrical power into the alternating voltage network, the energy generating system being able in particular in the event of a faulty alternating voltage network is to effectively support or even rebuild the AC network, especially in a concerted network with other energy generation plants.
  • a method for operating an inverter 2 according to FIG. 2 is not detailed in the figures, but can be divided into steps S1 'to S6' completely analogously to FIG. 3, the inverter being separated from the AC voltage network and the DC sources in step S1 ' is, in step S2 'a first DC voltage intermediate circuit of the inverter is charged, in particular via a precharging device and in particular from one of the DC power sources to be connected to the inverter, in step S3' switches of a first inverter bridge of the inverter are switched on, so that the voltage of the first DC voltage intermediate circuit is on the AC voltage side applied to the first inverter bridge, in step S4 'a second DC voltage intermediate circuit is precharged via the AC voltage parallel circuit and the second inverter bridge, in step S5' the DC sources with the DC voltage intermediate circuit Isen and thus the inverter bridges are connected, and in step S6 ‘the inverter with the AC network
  • Feeding of electrical power taken from the direct current sources and converted by means of the inverter bridges can be connected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une installation de production d'énergie (1) comprenant un premier onduleur (13a) ayant un circuit intermédiaire à courant continu (12a) et une source de courant continu pouvant être connectée via un premier dispositif de déconnexion (11a) et au moins un second onduleur (13b) ayant un circuit intermédiaire à courant continu (12b) et une source de courant continu pouvant être connectée via un second dispositif de déconnexion (11a), les onduleurs (13a,13b) étant connectés en parallèle côté tension alternative et ayant les caractéristiques suivantes - charger (S2) le premier circuit intermédiaire CC (12a) au moyen d'un dispositif de précharge (16), - mettre en marche (S3) les interrupteurs du premier onduleur (13a) de sorte que la tension du premier circuit intermédiaire CC (12a) soit appliquée au premier onduleur (13a) côté tension alternative et le second circuit intermédiaire CC (12b) soit préchargé (S4) via le circuit parallèle (14) du côté tension alternative et le second onduleur (13b), - la connexion (S5) des sources de courant continu (10a, 10b, 20) aux circuits intermédiaires de tension continue préchargés (12a, 12b), à une tension équilibrée de circuits intermédiaires de tension continue (12a, 12b) et des sources de courant continu respectives (10a, 10b, 20), et - la connexion (S6) de l'installation de production d'énergie (1) au réseau (15) en tension alternative. L'invention concerne également une installation de production d'énergie (1) utilisable à l'aide du procédé ainsi qu'un onduleur (2) doté de plusieurs ponts.
PCT/EP2019/067633 2018-07-02 2019-07-01 Installation de production d'énergie, onduleur et procédé de préchargement de circuits intermédiaires en courant continu d'onduleurs Ceased WO2020007809A1 (fr)

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DE102020129917A1 (de) 2020-11-12 2022-05-12 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gleichspannungsnetzes und Stromrichter zur Verbindung eines Gleichspannungsnetzes mit einem Wechselspannungsnetz
DE102020129920B4 (de) * 2020-11-12 2024-06-06 Sma Solar Technology Ag Stromrichter zum Leistungstransfer zwischen einer AC-Seite und einer DC-Seite sowie Verfahren zur Leistungsversorgung
DE102020129919A1 (de) 2020-11-12 2022-05-12 Sma Solar Technology Ag Stromrichter zum Leistungstransfer zwischen einer AC-Seite und einer DC-Seite sowie Verfahren zur Leistungsversorgung
DE102023107651A1 (de) * 2023-03-27 2024-10-02 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren zur inbetriebnahme einer anlage zur elektrischen leistungswandlung und anlage zur elektrischen leistungswandlung
DE102023127916A1 (de) * 2023-10-12 2025-04-17 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren zum starten einer elektrischen versorgungseinheit, elektrische versorgungseinheit und elektrolyseversorgungsanlage

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DE4107391A1 (de) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-10 Abb Patent Gmbh Elektrofahrzeug mit mindestens einem batteriegespeisten wechselrichter
EP2228893A2 (fr) * 2009-03-12 2010-09-15 Kostal Industrie Elektrik GmbH Installation photovoltaïque avec un dispositif de chargement pour la capacité d'entrée du onduleur
EP2863528A1 (fr) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation d'un onduleur comme un convertisseur CC/CC
DE102014105985A1 (de) * 2014-04-29 2015-10-29 Sma Solar Technology Ag Wandlermodul zur Umwandlung elektrischer Leistung und Wechselrichter für eine Photovoltaikanlage mit mindestens zwei Wandlermodulen
US20180069404A1 (en) 2015-03-16 2018-03-08 Abb Technology Oy Power converter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4107391A1 (de) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-10 Abb Patent Gmbh Elektrofahrzeug mit mindestens einem batteriegespeisten wechselrichter
EP2228893A2 (fr) * 2009-03-12 2010-09-15 Kostal Industrie Elektrik GmbH Installation photovoltaïque avec un dispositif de chargement pour la capacité d'entrée du onduleur
EP2863528A1 (fr) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation d'un onduleur comme un convertisseur CC/CC
DE102014105985A1 (de) * 2014-04-29 2015-10-29 Sma Solar Technology Ag Wandlermodul zur Umwandlung elektrischer Leistung und Wechselrichter für eine Photovoltaikanlage mit mindestens zwei Wandlermodulen
US20180069404A1 (en) 2015-03-16 2018-03-08 Abb Technology Oy Power converter

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