WO2020013238A1 - 末梢神経障害又は末梢神経障害若しくはアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患に伴う疼痛の予防又は治療方法 - Google Patents
末梢神経障害又は末梢神経障害若しくはアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患に伴う疼痛の予防又は治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/22—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against growth factors ; against growth regulators
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- C07K16/2866—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for cytokines, lymphokines, interferons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an agent for preventing or treating pain associated with peripheral neuropathy or a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is observed, and a method for preventing or treating the same, characterized by inhibiting RGMa activity.
- Astrocytes are one of the glial cells that exist in the central nervous system, and (1) function to support the network of neurons in terms of structure, (2) regulate various conditions around astrocytes through mass transport. Regulating function, (3) one synaptic function exerted in three cells through close relationship between pre-synapse, post-synapse, and glial cells, (4) regulation of extracellular ion concentration, (5) energy buffer It has various functions such as action and (6) enhancement of myelination activity of oligodendrocytes.
- astrocytes as described above in various brain diseases has attracted attention, and in particular, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment due to astrocytic decline due to aging, cerebrovascular disease, and psychiatric diseases has attracted attention (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Peripheral neuropathy is a condition in which the normal conduction of peripheral nerves is impaired.
- the types of nerves affected by peripheral neuropathy include motor nerves, sensory nerves, and autonomic nerves.
- Peripheral neuropathy is clinically a mononeuropathy (mononeuropathy; single neuropathy), a polyneuropathy (polyneuropathy; two or more neuropathies in separate areas), or It is classified as polyneuropathy (polyneuropathy; widespread neuropathy that occurs symmetrically), and pathologically, axonal damage in which axons are mainly involved, or myelin in which myelin is degenerated and shed. being classified.
- Peripheral neuropathy causes damage to motor, sensory, and autonomic nerves. As a result, it causes symptoms such as pain, paresthesia, paralysis, numbness, muscle weakness, abnormal sweating, or dysuria, and is characterized by deterioration over time.
- Main causes of peripheral neuropathy include damage due to physical factors such as deformation, compression, impaired blood circulation, genetic factors, metabolic abnormalities, and the like.
- Diabetic neuropathy includes polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy, and polyneuropathy includes sensory, motor, and autonomic nervous disorders, which are peripheral nervous systems.
- Methylvitamin B12 methylcobalamin
- Non-Patent Document 4 is used clinically as a therapeutic agent for peripheral neuropathy (Non-Patent Document 4), but clinically effective cases are extremely rare.
- motor paralysis associated with neuropathy has a serious effect on daily life, but an effective treatment method has not yet been established.
- RGM (repulsive guidance molecule) is a membrane protein that was initially identified as an axon guidance molecule of the visual system (see Non-Patent Document 5).
- the RGM family includes three types of members called RGMa, RGMb and RGMc (Non-Patent Document 6), and it is known that at least RGMa and RGMb work by the same signal transmission mechanism (Non-Patent Document 7).
- RGMc plays an important role in iron metabolism. Subsequent studies have revealed that RGM has functions such as axonal guidance and lamina formation in Xenopus and chick embryos, and control of closure of the head neural tube in mouse embryos (Non-Patent Document 8). reference).
- Patent Document 1 discloses an axon regeneration promoter containing an anti-RGM neutralizing antibody as an active ingredient.
- RGMa is re-expressed after central nervous system injury in adult humans and rats in addition to developmental function, and RGMa inhibition in rats promotes axonal growth following spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery (non- Patent Document 9), RGMa is considered to be an axon regeneration inhibitor after central nervous system injury.
- Specific antibodies that neutralize RGMa include, for example, Patent Document 2 (eg, 5F9, 8D1), Patent Document 3 (eg, AE12-1, AE12-1Y), and Patent Document 4 (eg, r116A3, r70E4, r116A3C, rH116A3).
- anti-RGMa antibodies have an effect on neuromyelitis optica (see Non-Patent Document 10).
- the role of RGMa has been clarified in central nervous system injury, the involvement of RGMa has not been identified in pain symptoms associated with peripheral neuropathy or diseases in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is observed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing or treating pain symptoms associated with a novel peripheral neuropathy or a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is recognized.
- an RGMa inhibitor can be a preventive or therapeutic agent for peripheral neuropathy.
- the RGMa inhibitor is effective not only in peripheral neuropathy but also in improving astrocyte damage or functional decline, it is effective for pain symptoms.
- the present inventors have found that they can be used as preventive or therapeutic agents for the accompanying pain symptoms, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to the following inventions.
- An agent for preventing or treating peripheral neuropathy comprising an RGM inhibitor.
- the agent according to Item 1 wherein the RGM inhibitor is an RGMa inhibitor.
- Item 3. The agent according to Item 2, wherein the RGMa inhibitor is an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody or a fragment thereof.
- Item 4. The agent according to Item 3, wherein the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is a humanized antibody. 5.
- Item 5. The agent according to item 3 or 4, wherein the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is an antibody that recognizes an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39. 6.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is as described below in (a1) to (11): (A1) a light chain variable region including LCDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, LCDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 and LCDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and SEQ ID NO: 8 HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, an HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, and an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, (B1) a light chain variable region including LCDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, LCDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 and LCDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14 HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of the description, HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO
- Peripheral neuropathy is diabetic neuropathy, strangulation neuropathy (carpal tunnel syndrome, elbow ulnar neuropathy, peroneal nerve palsy or tarsal tunnel syndrome), familial amyloid polyneuropathy, toxic neuropathy, cancerous neuropathy, Immune-mediated neuropathy (Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)), neuropathy associated with collagen disease, Crow-Fukasse syndrome (POEMS syndrome), hereditary neuropathy (Charcor-Marie-Tooth) Item), the agent according to any one of Items 1 to 6, which is selected from postherpetic neuralgia, peripheral neuropathy due to AIDS or Lyme disease, uremic disease, multifocal motor neuropathy and vasculitic neuropathy.
- Item 7. The agent according to any one of Items 1 to 6, wherein the peripheral neuropathy is diabetic neuropathy. 9. Item 9. The agent according to Item 8, wherein the diabetic neuropathy is painful diabetic neuropathy and / or asymptomatic diabetic neuropathy. 10. Item 7. The agent according to any one of Items 1 to 6, which is used for preventing or treating pain symptoms caused by a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is recognized. 11.
- peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder diseases in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is recognized include diabetic neuropathy, strangulation neuropathy (carpal tunnel syndrome, elbow ulnar neuropathy, peroneal nerve palsy or tarsal tunnel syndrome), familial amyloid polyneuropathy, Toxic neuropathy, cancerous neuropathy, immune-mediated neuropathy (Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)), neuropathy associated with collagen disease, Crow-Fukasse syndrome (POEMS syndrome), heredity Selected from inflammatory neuropathy (Charcor-Marie-Tooth disease), postherpetic neuralgia, peripheral neuropathy due to AIDS or Lyme disease, uremic disease, multifocal motor neuropathy, vasculitic neuropathy, neuromyelitis optica and Alexander disease.
- diabetic neuropathy include diabetic neuropathy, strangulation neuropathy (carpal tunnel syndrome, elbow ulnar neuropathy, peroneal nerve palsy or tarsal tunnel syndrome), familia
- a preventive or therapeutic agent for peripheral neuropathy can be provided.
- the present invention can also provide an agent for preventing or treating pain symptoms associated with a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is observed.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the improvement effect of repeated administration of r116A3 on mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat streptozocin (STZ) -induced diabetic neuropathy model.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the improvement effect of repeated administration of r116A3 on motor nerve conduction velocity reduction in a rat STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy model.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of repeated administration of r116A3 on glial cell fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining positive area ratio of spinal cord in a rat STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy model.
- FIG. 4 shows the effect of repeated administration of r116A3 on the Iba1 immunostaining positive area ratio of the spinal cord in a rat STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy model.
- GFAP glial cell fibrillary acidic protein
- neutralization refers to an action capable of binding to a target of interest and inhibiting any function of the target.
- an RGMa inhibitor refers to a substance that inhibits the biological activity of RGMa as a result of binding to RGMa.
- an epitope includes a polypeptide determinant capable of specifically binding to an immunoglobulin or a T cell receptor.
- an epitope comprises a chemically active surface group of a molecule (eg, an amino acid, sugar side chain, phosphoryl or sulfonyl), and in certain embodiments, possesses certain three-dimensional structural properties and / or particular charge properties.
- An epitope is a region of an antigen that is bound by an antibody.
- isolated such as an isolated RGMa inhibitor (eg, an antibody)
- an isolated RGMa inhibitor eg, an antibody
- Natural impurities are substances that can interfere with the diagnostic or therapeutic use of the antibody, and include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or nonproteinaceous solutes.
- isolated RGMa inhibitor it is sufficient to purify it by at least one purification step, and the RGMa inhibitor purified by at least one purification step is referred to as “isolated RGMa inhibitor”. Can be.
- an antibody in the present application, is broadly defined as two heavy chains (H chains) and two light chains (L chains) that retain the characteristic of substantially binding to an epitope of an immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule.
- Ig immunoglobulin
- Human antibody refers to an antibody derived from human immunoglobulin for both the light chain and the heavy chain.
- Human antibodies include IgG having a heavy chain of ⁇ chain (including IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4), IgM having a heavy chain of ⁇ chain, and IgA having a heavy chain of ⁇ chain depending on the difference in the constant region of the heavy chain. (Including IgA1 and IgA2), IgD having a heavy chain of ⁇ chain, or IgE having a heavy chain of ⁇ chain.
- the light chain includes either the ⁇ chain or the ⁇ chain.
- humanized antibody refers to an antibody comprising a variable region comprising a complementarity determining region of a non-human animal-derived antibody, a framework region derived from a human antibody, and a constant region derived from a human antibody.
- chimeric antibody refers to an antibody in which the light chain, the heavy chain, or both of them comprise a non-human variable region and a human constant region.
- a “monospecific antibody” is an antibody having a single antigen specificity and having a single independent antigen recognition site.
- a monospecific antibody that recognizes RGMa may be referred to as an RGMa monospecific antibody.
- Multi-specific antibody refers to an antibody having two or more independent antigen recognition sites having two or more different antigen specificities, a bispecific antibody having two antigen specificities, and three antigens. Trispecific antibodies having specificity are exemplified.
- CDR complementarity determining region
- CDR complementarity-determining region
- LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 The three CDRs contained in the light chain may be referred to as LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3, respectively, and the three CDRs contained in the heavy chain may be referred to as HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3.
- the CDRs of immunoglobulin molecules are determined according to the Kabat numbering system (Kabat et al., 1987, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, USA).
- an “effective amount” is one that reduces or ameliorates the severity and / or duration of the disorder or one or more symptoms thereof, prevents the progression of the disorder, reverses the disorder, reduces one or more symptoms associated with the disorder. Prevention or treatment sufficient to prevent recurrence, occurrence, onset or progression, detect a disorder, or enhance or enhance one or more prophylactic or therapeutic effects of another treatment (eg, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent). Refers to the amount of the agent.
- Percent (%) identity of amino acid sequence of a candidate polypeptide sequence such as a variable region, with respect to the amino acid sequence of a reference polypeptide sequence is defined as the gap between the sequences, if necessary, to obtain maximum% identity. Is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in the candidate sequence that are identical to the amino acid residues of the particular reference polypeptide sequence after any conservative substitutions are not considered part of the sequence identity. . Alignments for the purpose of determining% identity can be obtained by various methods within the skill of the art, eg, BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, or publicly available computers such as Megaalign (DNASTAR) software. This can be achieved by using software.
- the% identity values are obtained in a pairwise alignment by using the sequence comparison computer program BLAST.
- sequence comparison computer program BLAST is used for amino acid sequence comparison
- percent identity of a given amino acid sequence A with a given amino acid sequence B is calculated as follows: Where X is the number of amino acid residues having a score consistent with being identical by the program alignment of A and B of the sequence alignment program BLAST, and Y is the total number of amino acid residues of B It is.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a preventive or therapeutic agent for peripheral neuropathy, which is a novel use of an RGM inhibitor, especially an RGMa inhibitor.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides, for example, an agent for preventing or treating diabetic neuropathy of an RGMa inhibitor.
- another embodiment of the present invention provides an agent for preventing or treating a pain symptom due to a disease in which an RGMa inhibitory substance has peripheral neuropathy or astrocytic disorder.
- another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preventing peripheral neuropathy, for example, diabetic neuropathy, comprising administering to a mammal in need of treatment a prophylactic or therapeutic agent containing an effective amount of an RGMa inhibitor.
- a method of treatment is provided.
- RGM activity that induces a pain symptom due to peripheral neuropathy or a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is recognized or inhibits recovery from the disease or symptom described below.
- RGM activity any substance that inhibits RGM activity
- RGM means one or more selected from RGMa, RGMb and RGMc, and is preferably RGMa.
- RGMa is identified as a neurite growth inhibitory protein in the central nervous system, and human RGMa protein is biosynthesized as a precursor protein consisting of 450 amino acids as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the signal peptide Met1 to Pro47 (referring to the peptide from the first methionine residue to the 47th proline residue from the N-terminal side, which will be described similarly) present at the N-terminus is removed, and the peptide between Asp168 and Pro169 is removed. The bond is cleaved to generate an N-terminal domain.
- the C-terminal peptide Ala425 to Cys450 of the C-terminal fragment is removed from Pro169, and a GPI anchor is added to the C-terminal carboxyl group of Ala424 that has become C-terminal. , C-terminal domain is generated. Furthermore, the N-terminal domain (Cys48 to Asp168) and the C-terminal domain (Pro169 to Ala424) are expressed on the cell membrane via a GPI anchor as a mature protein linked by a disulfide bond.
- RGMa may be derived from any animal, but is preferably human RGMa.
- the human RGMa precursor protein has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing.
- the mouse RGMa precursor protein has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing, and the rat RGMa precursor protein has the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 in the sequence listing.
- Examples of the RGMa gene include, but are not limited to, a human RGMa gene having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, and the like.
- the nucleotide sequences of RGM genes derived from various organisms can be easily obtained from a known database (GenBank or the like).
- the RGMa inhibitor according to the present invention refers to an activity of RGMa that induces a pain symptom due to peripheral neuropathy or a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is recognized, or inhibits recovery from the disease or symptom (hereinafter referred to as the present specification) In some cases, it may be simply a substance that inhibits (neutralizes) RGMa activity or a substance that inhibits the expression of RGMa.
- the RGMa inhibitor in the present invention can be selected by the evaluation method described in Example 1, that is, by evaluating the improvement effect on pain and nerve conduction disorder using a rat STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy model and the like. .
- the RGMa inhibitor according to the present invention means, for example, a substance that binds to RGMa and directly inhibits RGMa activity or inhibits the binding of RGMa to a receptor and indirectly inhibits RGMa activity.
- a substance that binds to RGMa and directly inhibits RGMa activity or inhibits the binding of RGMa to a receptor and indirectly inhibits RGMa activity examples thereof include low molecular compounds, anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies, functionally modified antibodies thereof, conjugate antibodies thereof, and fragments thereof.
- Substances that inhibit RGMa activity by inhibiting the expression of RGMa are also RGMa inhibitors, and specifically, RGMa gene siRNA (short interfering RNA), shRNA (short hairpin RNA), antisense oligonucleotide, and the like.
- anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies preferred are anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies, functionally modified antibodies thereof, conjugate antibodies thereof, fragments thereof, more preferably anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies or fragments thereof, and particularly preferred. Is an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody.
- the RGMa inhibitor of the present invention although it does not directly act on RGMa, the activity of any relevant molecule in the signal transduction system in which RGMa induces symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, for example, diabetic neuropathy. And substances that inhibit the activity.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody may be any antibody that binds to RGMa and neutralizes the RGMa activity of the present invention, and may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody, but is preferably a monoclonal antibody. is there.
- the RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention may be an RGMa monospecific antibody or a multispecific antibody that recognizes a plurality of RGMa and other antigens, but is preferably an RGMa monospecific antibody.
- SEQ ID NO: 16 amino acid numbers 47 to 69 of SEQ ID NO: 1
- SEQ ID NO: 36 amino acid numbers 298 to 311 of SEQ ID NO: 1
- SEQ ID NO: 37 amino acid numbers Amino acid numbers 322-335
- SEQ ID NO: 38 amino acid numbers 349-359 of SEQ ID NO: 1
- SEQ ID NO: 39 amino acid numbers 367-377 of SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the combination of Nos. 36 and 37 is more preferred, and the combination of SEQ ID Nos. 36, 37 and 39 is particularly preferred.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention is a polyclonal antibody, a monoclonal antibody, a gene set obtained by immunizing a mammal such as a mouse with an RGMa protein or a partial fragment thereof (for example, the above-described epitope fragment) as an antigen.
- a mammal such as a mouse with an RGMa protein or a partial fragment thereof (for example, the above-described epitope fragment) as an antigen.
- a humanized antibody or a human antibody is desirable from the viewpoint of side effects.
- anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention include the following antibodies (a1) to (12), and the production methods thereof can be the methods described in Patent Documents 2-4.
- (A1) a light chain variable region including LCDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, LCDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 and LCDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and SEQ ID NO: 8
- An anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising HCDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, HCDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, and HCDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 (the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody)
- Antibodies also include antibodies having SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37 and 39 as epitopes),
- (B1) a light chain variable region including LCDR1 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, LCDR2 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 and LCDR3 containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14
- the antigen may be used as it is for immunization, or may be used as a complex with a carrier protein.
- a condensing agent such as glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, and maleimide active ester can be used.
- the carrier protein include bovine serum albumin, thyroglobulin, hemocyanin, KLH and the like.
- Examples of mammals to be immunized include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, goats, horses and cows, and inoculation methods include subcutaneous, intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration.
- the antigen may be administered after being mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant or incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and the administration is usually performed once every 2 to 5 weeks.
- Antibody-producing cells obtained from the spleen or lymph nodes of the immunized animal are fused with myeloma (myeloma) cells and isolated as hybridomas.
- myeloma cells those derived from mammals, for example, those derived from mice, rats, humans and the like are used.
- the polyclonal antibody can be obtained, for example, from a serum obtained from the immunized animal by immunizing a mammal as described above, optionally with Freund's adjuvant (Freund's adjuvant), if necessary. it can.
- Freund's adjuvant Freund's adjuvant
- Monoclonal antibodies for example, adopt the method described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (John Wiley & Sons (1987)), Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Ed.Harlow and David David Lane, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1988).
- the preparation of a “hybridoma” secreting a monoclonal antibody can be carried out according to the method of Koehler and Milstein et al. (Nature, 256, 495, 1975) or a modification method analogous thereto.
- a monoclonal antibody can be obtained as follows.
- the above-mentioned antigen is used as an immunogen, and the immunogen is subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, intravenously, intraperitoneally or intraperitoneally of a mammal as described above together with Freund's adjuvant, if necessary.
- Immunization is given by ⁇ several injections or transplantation. Usually, immunization is performed 1 to 4 times about every 1 to 14 days after the initial immunization, and antibody producing cells are obtained from the immunized mammal about 1 to 5 days after the final immunization.
- the hybridoma is prepared by subjecting the above antibody-producing cells to cell fusion of a mammal, preferably a mouse, rat or human-derived myeloma cell without autoantibody-producing ability, if necessary, using a fusion promoter. .
- Examples of myeloma cells used for cell fusion include mouse-derived myeloma P3 / X63-AG8.653 (653), P3 / NSI / 1-Ag4-1 (NS-1), and P3 / X63-Ag8.
- human-derived myeloma U-266AR1, GM1500-6TG-A1-2, UC729-6, CEM-AGR, D1R11 or CEM-T15 examples of myeloma cells used for cell fusion.
- the fusion promoter examples include polyethylene glycol and the like.
- polyethylene glycol having a concentration of about 20 to 50% (average molecular weight: 1,000 to 4,000) is used at a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C., preferably 30 to 37 ° C.
- the ratio of the number of antibody-producing cells to the number of myeloma cells is usually about 1: 1 to 10: 1, and cell fusion can be performed by reacting for about 1 to 10 minutes.
- Screening of a hybridoma clone producing a monoclonal antibody can be carried out by culturing the hybridoma in, for example, a microtiter plate, and measuring the reactivity of the culture supernatant in the well to an immune antigen by an immunochemical method such as ELISA. it can.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention can be selected.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Cloning can be further performed from the well containing the hybridoma producing the desired antibody by limiting dilution to obtain a clone.
- the selection and breeding of hybridomas are usually performed in an animal cell culture medium containing 10 to 20% fetal bovine serum with addition of HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine).
- Production of monoclonal antibodies from hybridomas involves culturing the hybridomas in vitro or growing them in vivo, such as ascites in mammals such as mice and rats, and isolating them from the resulting culture supernatant or ascites of mammals. It can be done by doing.
- the nutrient medium can be a known nutrient medium or a nutrient medium prepared from a basal medium.
- the basal medium for example, a low calcium medium such as Ham'F12 medium, MCDB153 medium or low calcium MEM medium and a high calcium medium such as MCDB104 medium, MEM medium, D-MEM medium, RPMI1640 medium, ASF104 medium or RD medium, etc.
- the basal medium may contain, for example, serum, hormones, cytokines, and / or various inorganic or organic substances, depending on the purpose.
- the above-mentioned culture supernatant or ascites can be obtained by using a saturated ammonium sulfate, euglobulin precipitation method, caproic acid method, caprylic acid method, ion exchange chromatography (such as DEAE or DE52), an anti-immunoglobulin column, or the like. It can be performed by subjecting it to affinity column chromatography such as a protein A column.
- the monoclonal antibody may be purified using a method known as a method for purifying immunoglobulins.
- the production method includes ammonium sulfate fractionation, PEG fractionation, ethanol fractionation, and anion exchanger. It can be easily achieved by utilization, or by means such as affinity chromatography using RGMa protein.
- Monoclonal antibodies can also be obtained by the phage display method.
- a phage selected from an arbitrary phage antibody library is screened using a target immunogen, and a phage having a desired binding property to the immunogen is selected.
- an antibody-corresponding sequence contained in the phage is isolated or sequenced, and an expression vector containing a nucleic acid molecule encoding an antibody or an antigen-binding domain is constructed based on the isolated sequence or the determined sequence information. .
- a monoclonal antibody can be produced.
- a human antibody library as a phage antibody library, a human antibody having desired binding properties can be produced.
- a nucleic acid molecule encoding an anti-RGM antibody or a fragment thereof can be obtained, for example, by the following method.
- total RNA is prepared from a cell such as a hybridoma using a commercially available RNA extraction kit, and cDNA is synthesized with a reverse transcriptase using a random primer or the like.
- cDNA encoding the antibody is amplified by PCR using oligonucleotides having conserved sequences as primers.
- the sequence encoding the constant region can be obtained by amplifying a known sequence by PCR.
- the nucleotide sequence of DNA can be determined by a conventional method, for example, by incorporating the DNA into a plasmid for sequencing.
- a DNA encoding the monoclonal antibody of the present invention can also be obtained by chemically synthesizing the sequence of a variable region or a part thereof and binding it to a sequence containing a constant region.
- the nucleic acid molecule may encode all of the constant and variable regions of the heavy and light chains, or may encode only the variable regions of the heavy and light chains. Nucleic Acids Research vol. 14, p1779, 1986, The Journal of Biological Chemistry vol. 257, p1516, 1982 and Cell vol. 22, p197, 1980 are preferred.
- the function-modified antibody is prepared by the following method. For example, by using a mutant of the Fc region having an increased binding to FcRn, which is one of the Fc receptors, the half-life in blood can be prolonged (Hashiguchi Shuhei, Biochemistry, 2010, Vol. .82 (8), p710). These functionally modified antibodies can be produced by genetic engineering.
- anti-RGMa neutralizing antibodies include non-peptidyl polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, toxins, low molecular compounds, cytokines, growth factors (TGF- ⁇ , NGF, Neurotrophin, etc.), albumin,
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- An anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody obtained by chemically or genetically binding a functional molecule other than the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present application, such as an enzyme or another antibody, may be used.
- PEG When PEG is bound as a functional molecule, PEG having a molecular weight of 2,000 to 100,000 Da, more preferably 10,000 to 50,000 Da can be used without limitation, and may be a linear type or a branched type. PEG can be bound to the N-terminal amino group of the amino acid of the RGMa inhibitor by using, for example, an NHS active group.
- radioactive substance When a radioactive substance is used as a functional molecule, 131 I, 125 I, 90 Y, 64 Cu, 99 Tc, 77 Lu, 211 At, or the like is used.
- the radioactive substance can be directly bound to the RGMa inhibitor by the method such as the Kokulamin T method.
- a bacterial toxin for example, diphtheria toxin
- a plant toxin for example, ricin
- a low-molecular toxin for example, geldanamycin
- a maytansinoid for example, a calicheamicin
- examples include fluorescent dyes such as daunomycin, doxorubicin, metrolexate, mitomycin, neocarzinostatin, vindesine, and FITC.
- luciferase eg, firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase; US Pat. No. 4,737,456
- malate dehydrogenase urease, peroxidase (eg, horseradish peroxidase (HRPO)), alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase Glucoamylase, lysozyme, saccharide oxidase (eg, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), heterocyclic oxidase (eg, uricase and xanthine oxidase), lactoperoxidase, and microperoxidase.
- HRPO horseradish peroxidase
- Glucoamylase lysozyme
- saccharide oxidase eg, glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, and glucose
- a linker used when chemically linking a toxin a low molecular compound or an enzyme
- a divalent radical for example, alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene
- CR 2 ) n O CR 2 ) n-
- R An optional substituent, n is a positive integer
- a linker or alkoxy repeating unit eg, polyethyleneoxy, PEG, polymethyleneoxy, etc.
- an alkylamino repeating unit eg, polyethyleneamino, Jeffamine TM
- And diacid esters and amides including succinate, succinamide, diglycolate, malonate, caproamide, and the like).
- the ⁇ fragment '' of the antibody means a region of a part of the antibody as described above, which has an antigen-binding property, specifically, F (ab ′) 2 , Fab ′, Fab, Fv (variable fragment of antibody), disulfide-bonded Fv, single-chain antibody (scFv), polymers thereof, and the like.
- fragments include non-peptidic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), radioactive substances, and toxins.
- Chemically or genetically engineered functional molecules other than the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention such as low molecular compounds, cytokines, growth factors (TGF- ⁇ , NGF, Neurotrophin, etc.), albumin, enzymes, and other antibodies. Conjugate fragments are included.
- F (ab ′) 2 and “Fab” are produced by treating immunoglobulin with a protease such as pepsin or papain, and a disulfide bond existing between two heavy chains in the hinge region. Means an antibody fragment produced by digestion before and after the above.
- a light chain consisting of VL (light chain variable region) and CL (light chain constant region) is cleaved upstream of a disulfide bond existing between two heavy chains in the hinge region
- two homologous antibody fragments in which a heavy chain fragment consisting of VH (heavy chain variable region) and CH ⁇ 1 (the ⁇ 1 region in the heavy chain constant region) are linked by a disulfide bond at the C-terminal region can be produced.
- Fab fragment fragments in which a heavy chain fragment consisting of VH (heavy chain variable region) and CH ⁇ 1 (the ⁇ 1 region in the heavy chain constant region) are linked by a disulfide bond at the C-terminal region.
- IgG When IgG is treated with pepsin, it is cleaved downstream of the disulfide bond existing between the two heavy chains in the hinge region to produce an antibody fragment slightly larger than the two Fabs connected by the hinge region. it can. This antibody fragment is called F (ab ') 2 .
- chimeric antibody refers to a chimeric antibody in which the variable region is a variable region derived from an immunoglobulin of a non-human animal (mouse, rat, hamster, chicken, etc.), and the constant region is a constant region derived from a human immunoglobulin. Is exemplified. For example, it can be prepared by immunizing a mouse with an antigen, cutting out a variable region that binds to the antigen from the mouse monoclonal antibody gene, and binding it to an antibody constant region derived from human bone marrow.
- the human immunoglobulin-derived constant region has a unique amino acid sequence depending on the isotype of IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), IgM, IgA (IgA1, IgA2), IgD, and IgE.
- the constant region of the chimeric antibody may be a human immunoglobulin constant region belonging to any isotype. Preferably, it is a human IgG constant region.
- An expression vector can be prepared using the gene of the chimeric antibody thus prepared. By transforming a host cell with the expression vector, a transformed cell producing a chimeric antibody is obtained, and by culturing the transformed cell, a desired chimeric antibody is obtained from the culture supernatant.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention includes a humanized antibody.
- the “humanized antibody” in the present invention is an antibody obtained by grafting (CDR grafting) only the DNA sequence of the antigen-binding site (CDR; complementarity determining region) of a non-human animal antibody such as a mouse into a human antibody gene.
- CDR antigen-binding site
- a non-human animal antibody such as a mouse into a human antibody gene.
- it can be prepared by referring to the methods described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-506458 and Japanese Patent No. 2912618.
- CDRs are CDRs derived from monoclonal antibodies of non-human mammals (mouse, rat, hamster, etc.), and the framework regions of the variable regions are variable regions derived from human immunoglobulins. And a humanized antibody characterized in that the constant region is a human immunoglobulin-derived constant region.
- the humanized antibody in the present invention can be produced, for example, as follows. However, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to such a manufacturing method.
- a recombinant humanized antibody derived from a mouse monoclonal antibody can be prepared by genetic engineering with reference to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-506458 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-296890. That is, from a hybridoma producing a mouse monoclonal antibody, DNA of the mouse heavy chain CDR portion and DNA of the mouse light chain CDR portion are isolated, and from the human immunoglobulin gene, the human heavy chain gene of the entire region other than the human heavy chain CDR, The human light chain gene of all regions except the human light chain CDR is isolated.
- the human heavy chain gene into which the isolated mouse heavy chain CDR DNA has been transplanted can be introduced into an appropriate expression vector so that it can be expressed, and similarly, the human light chain gene into which the mouse light chain CDR DNA has been transplanted can be expressed. Introduce into another suitable expression vector.
- human heavy and light chain genes into which mouse CDRs have been transplanted can be introduced into the same expression vector so that they can be expressed.
- human antibody means that all regions including the heavy chain variable region and heavy chain constant region, and the light chain variable region and light chain constant region that constitute immunoglobulin are derived from the gene encoding human immunoglobulin.
- This antibody is an immunoglobulin that can be produced by introducing a human antibody gene into a mouse. Specifically, for example, by immunizing a transgenic animal produced by incorporating at least a human immunoglobulin gene into a locus of a non-human mammal such as a mouse such as a mouse with an antigen, the polyclonal antibody described above is used. Alternatively, it can be produced in the same manner as the method for producing a monoclonal antibody.
- transgenic mice producing human antibodies are described in Nature Genetics, Vol. 7, p. 13-21, 1994; Nature Genetics, Vol. 15, p. 146-156, 1997; Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-504365. JP-A-7-509137; International Publication WO94 / 25585; Nature, Vol.368, p.856-859, 1994; and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-500233, etc. Can be. More specifically, HuMab (registered trademark) mice (Medarex, Princeton, NJ), KMTM mice (Kirin, Pharma, Company, Japan), KM (FC ⁇ RIIb-KO) mice, and the like can be mentioned.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody of the present invention specifically includes a heavy chain variable region having a CDR containing a specific amino acid sequence and a light chain variable region having a CDR containing a specific amino acid sequence (see (a1 above)). ) To (l2) antibodies).
- the amino acid sequence of the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody has one or several amino acids. (1-20, 1-10, 1-5, 1-3 or 1-2) substitutions, deletions, additions or insertions. Such substitutions, deletions and additions may be introduced into CDRs, but are preferably introduced into regions other than CDRs.
- the amino acid substitution is preferably a conservative substitution in order to maintain the properties of the present invention.
- amino acid sequence of the antibody of the present invention containing substitutions, deletions, and the like in the amino acid sequence is, for example, that the heavy chain variable region after the amino acid sequence modification is 90% or more (more preferably 95%, 96% or more) the amino acid sequence before the modification. %, 97%, 98%, 99% or more) is an amino acid sequence having a percent identity of 90% or more (more preferably 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more).
- SiRNA is a short double-stranded RNA that can suppress the expression of a target gene (the RGMa gene in the present invention).
- the nucleotide sequence and length (base length) are not particularly limited as long as they function as the siRNA that inhibits the RGMa activity of the present invention, but are preferably less than about 30 bases, more preferably about 19 to 27 bases, and still more preferably about 19 to 27 bases. 21 to 25 bases.
- shRNA is a single-stranded RNA partially containing a palindromic base sequence, thereby taking on a double-stranded structure in the molecule and comprising about 20 base pairs consisting of a short hairpin structure having a protruding portion at the 3 ′ end. The above molecules are referred to.
- shRNA After being introduced into a cell, such shRNA is decomposed into a length of about 20 bases (typically, for example, 21 bases, 22 bases, and 23 bases) in the cell, and becomes a target similarly to siRNA. Gene expression can be suppressed.
- the siRNA and shRNA may be in any form as long as they can suppress the expression of the RGMa gene.
- siRNA or shRNA can be chemically synthesized artificially.
- antisense and sense RNA can be synthesized in vitro from template DNA using, for example, T7 RNA polymerase and T7 promoter.
- the antisense oligonucleotide may be any nucleotide that is complementary to or hybridizes to a continuous base sequence having a length of 5 to 100 in the DNA sequence of the RGMa gene, and may be either DNA or RNA. Good. Further, it may be modified as long as the function is not hindered.
- the antisense oligonucleotide can be synthesized by a conventional method, and can be easily synthesized by, for example, a commercially available DNA synthesizer. A preferred sequence can be selected using a general selection method, and the siRNA or shRNA of the present invention can be confirmed by evaluating the inhibition of the expression of functional RGMa.
- the peripheral neuropathy includes diabetic neuropathy, strangulation neuropathy (carpal tunnel syndrome, elbow ulnar neuropathy, peroneal nerve palsy or tarsal tunnel syndrome, etc.), familial amyloid polyneuropathy Toxic neuropathy, cancerous neuropathy, immune-mediated neuropathy (Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)), neuropathy associated with collagen disease, Crow-Fukasse syndrome (POEMS syndrome), Examples include hereditary neuropathy (Charcor-Marie-Tooth disease), postherpetic neuralgia, peripheral neuropathy due to AIDS or Lyme disease, uremic disease, multifocal motor neuropathy or vasculitic neuropathy.
- strangulation neuropathy carpal tunnel syndrome, elbow ulnar neuropathy, peroneal nerve palsy or tarsal tunnel syndrome, etc.
- familial amyloid polyneuropathy Toxic neuropathy cancerous neuropathy
- immune-mediated neuropathy Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS)
- the disease having an astrocyte disorder means a disease having an astrocyte disorder or reduced function, and specifically includes optic neuromyelitis, Alexander disease and the like.
- the peripheral neuropathy preferably includes diabetic neuropathy.
- optic myelitis is mentioned.
- the pain symptom due to a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is observed includes peripheral nerve damage, astrocyte damage in the central nervous system, or reduced function. Symptoms that occur by doing so are given.
- the disease in which a peripheral neuropathy or an astrocyte disorder causing a pain symptom is recognized is synonymous with the above-mentioned disease in which a peripheral neuropathy or an astrocyte disorder is recognized.
- nerve conduction velocity is improved by an RGMa inhibitor, for example, an anti-RGMa antibody, as shown in Example 1 (1-6) described later.
- the RGMa inhibitor treats a disease in which peripheral neuropathy is recognized, and furthermore, since it suppresses pain, the RGMa inhibitor has an analgesic effect on pain caused by a disease in which peripheral neuropathy is recognized. Is suggested.
- pain symptoms caused by a disease in which astrocyte disorder is recognized include, due to astrocyte disorder or decreased function, the expression of glutamate transporter in the center is reduced, and as a result, the action of glutamate is enhanced, and the nerve is sensitized or excited. Is considered as one mechanism of action (eg, Neuron 67, 846834-846, Sep. 9, 2010).
- symptoms such as numbness, pain or hypoesthesia accompanying the onset of the disease are observed due to astrocyte disorder.
- an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody has an analgesic effect on the pain.
- an RGMa inhibitor such as an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody
- an RGMa inhibitor for example, anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody is effective. It is suggested that the antibody exhibits an analgesic effect on pain caused by a disease in which astrocytic disorder or reduced function is observed.
- an RGMa inhibitor preferably an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody
- an experiment on astrocyte disorder in optic neuromyelitis is performed.
- this experimental model is an animal model for which pain cannot be evaluated, the relationship between the disease in which astrocytic disorder is recognized and pain symptoms was unknown from the literature. Therefore, the relationship between the disease in which astrocytic disorder is recognized and the pain symptom is a novel finding obtained in Example 1 of the present application.
- diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications in diabetic patients and depends on known risk factors such as poor glycemic control, long duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, etc. It is caused, but the mechanism of its onset has not yet been identified.
- Diabetic neuropathy is divided into distally symmetric polyneuropathy and focal mononeuropathy. The former is said to be the core symptom of diabetic neuropathy, and includes sensory, motor, and autonomic disorders. Includes neuropathy.
- diabetic neuropathy There are no specific symptoms or tests for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy, and patients are carefully auscultated for neurological symptoms and neurological tests such as pain, vibration, pressure sensation, and tendon reflex tests are performed. And make a comprehensive judgment.
- Major symptoms of diabetic neuropathy include sensory neuropathy, motor neuropathy, and autonomic neuropathy.
- the sensory neuropathy includes a painful neuropathy in which paresthesia is remarkable, and an asymptomatic neuropathy without spontaneous paresthesia.
- numbness and pain are observed in the lower extremities at an early stage of the onset, and when the symptoms progress thereafter, hypoesthesia becomes remarkable.
- symptoms such as numbness, pain, and numbness appear at the ends of the upper limb as well as the lower limb.
- the agent for preventing or treating diabetic neuropathy according to the present invention can be used for amelioration of a symptom found by the above test or for prevention or treatment of a symptom selected from the above symptoms.
- diabetic neuropathy to be prevented or treated by the preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetic neuropathy in the present invention among those exhibiting the above-mentioned symptoms, preferably painful diabetic neuropathy, and asymptomatic diabetic neuropathy Disorders, more preferably painful diabetic neuropathy.
- treatment includes any treatment of a disease of a mammal, particularly a human, and inhibits a disease symptom, that is, inhibits its progress or eliminates a disease or a symptom, and reduces a disease symptom. That is, causing regression of the disease or condition or delaying the progression of the condition.
- treatment refers to a treatment for diabetic neuropathy based on the treatment of diabetes due to a decrease in blood sugar, etc., but not for diabetic neuropathy.
- the treatment is a therapeutic or regenerative or neuroprotective, local or systemic treatment.
- Prevention also includes preventing the onset of the above disease in mammals, especially humans.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent for peripheral neuropathy or the preventive or therapeutic agent for pain symptom due to a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is recognized is usually administered orally or parenterally, systemically or locally. Is done.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent for peripheral neuropathy or the preventive or therapeutic agent for pain symptoms due to a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is recognized according to the present invention comprises an RGMa inhibitor as an active ingredient, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or additive. It can be formulated as a pharmaceutical composition in which the agent is appropriately blended.
- tablets, coated tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, liquids, suspensions, emulsions and other oral preparations; injections, infusions, suppositories, ointments, patches and other parenteral preparations can do.
- the mixing ratio of the carrier or the additive may be appropriately set based on a range usually adopted in the pharmaceutical field.
- the carriers or additives that can be blended, for example, various carriers such as water, saline, other aqueous solvents, aqueous or oily bases; excipients, binders, pH adjusters, disintegrants, absorption
- additives such as accelerators, lubricants, coloring agents, flavoring agents, and fragrances are included.
- the RGMa inhibitor is an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody, a function-modifying antibody thereof, a conjugate antibody thereof or a fragment thereof, a parenteral administration route as an injection or infusion formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, For example, it is preferably administered intravenously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously or locally.
- An injection or infusion containing an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody can be used as a solution, suspension or emulsion.
- the solvent examples include distilled water for injection, physiological saline, glucose solution and isotonic solution (for example, a solution of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, glycerin, mannitol, sorbitol, boric acid, borax, propylene glycol, etc.) and the like.
- this injection or infusion may contain a stabilizer, a solubilizer, a suspending agent, an emulsifier, a soothing agent, a buffer, a preservative, a preservative, a pH adjuster and the like.
- solubilizers include alcohols (eg, ethanol, etc.), polyalcohols (eg, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), nonionic surfactants (eg, Polysorbate 80 (registered trademark), HCO-50, etc.) Etc. can be used.
- suspending agent for example, glyceryl monostearate, aluminum monostearate, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and the like can be used.
- emulsifier for example, gum arabic, sodium alginate, tragacanth and the like can be used.
- soothing agent for example, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, sorbitol and the like can be used.
- buffer for example, a phosphate buffer, an acetate buffer, a borate buffer, a carbonate buffer, a citrate buffer, a Tris buffer, and the like can be used.
- preservative for example, methyl paraoxybenzoate, ethyl paraoxybenzoate, propyl paraoxybenzoate, butyl paraoxybenzoate, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, sodium dehydroacetate, sodium edetate, boric acid, borate Sand or the like can be used.
- benzalkonium chloride, paraoxybenzoic acid, chlorobutanol and the like can be used.
- pH adjuster for example, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and the like can be used.
- the RGMa inhibitor is a nucleic acid (such as an siRNA, a shRNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody and a fragment thereof), it can be administered in the form of a non-viral vector or a viral vector.
- a nucleic acid such as an siRNA, a shRNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding an anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody and a fragment thereof
- a method of introducing nucleic acid molecules using liposomes liposome method, HVJ-liposome method, cationic liposome method, lipofection method, lipofectamine method, etc.), microinjection method, gene gun (Gene @ Gun) ), A method of transferring a nucleic acid molecule into a cell together with a carrier (metal particle) can be used.
- a viral vector such as a recombinant adenovirus or a retrovirus can be used.
- DNA expressing siRNA or shRNA is expressed in a detoxified retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpes virus, vaccinia virus, pox virus, polio virus, Sindbis virus, Sendai virus, or a virus such as SV40 or RNA virus.
- the gene can be introduced into cells or tissues by introducing the recombinant virus into cells or tissues.
- the formulation thus obtained is useful for subjects in need of treatment, for example, humans and other mammals (eg, rats, mice, rabbits, sheep, pigs, cows, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc.).
- peripheral neuropathy for example, diabetic neuropathy or a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is observed
- the dose is appropriately set in consideration of the purpose, the severity of the disease, the patient's age, weight, sex, medical history, type of active ingredient, and the like.
- the active ingredient is a neutralizing anti-RGMa antibody
- the average human body weight of about 65 to 70 kg is preferably about 0.02 to 4000 mg, and about 0.1 to 200 mg per day. More preferred.
- the total daily dose may be a single dose or a divided dose.
- the agent for preventing or treating peripheral neuropathy of the present invention or the agent for preventing or treating pain symptoms in a disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocytic disorder is observed can be used in combination or combined with an existing therapeutic agent for pain.
- Examples of the drug used in combination with the present invention include a drug for treating pain and a drug for diabetes.
- pain treatment agents examples include tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, etc.), ⁇ 2 ⁇ ligands (eg, pregabalin, etc.), Na channel blockers (mexiletine, etc.), antiepileptic drugs (gabapentin, carbamazepine, etc.), aldose reductase It can be used in combination with an inhibitor (eg, epalrestat), a serotonin / noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI, eg, duloxetine), or a combination drug.
- an inhibitor eg, epalrestat
- SNRI serotonin / noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
- duloxetine duloxetine
- Antidiabetic drugs include sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs, biguanide antidiabetic drugs, insulin sensitizers (such as pioglitazone), ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogs, and insulin It can be used in combination with an analog or the like or as a mixture.
- Example 1 Examination of the effect of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody on pain and motor nerve conduction disorder in a rat STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy model
- This rat STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy model has a peripheral neuropathy, especially a peripheral neuropathy in diabetic neuropathy.
- This is a model for evaluating the effect on
- the present model is a model that can evaluate the effects on peripheral neuropathy, particularly on the pain symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, as well as the effects on pain symptoms due to a disease in which astrocyte disorder is recognized.
- (1-1) Preparation of rat STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy model SD male rats were used in the experiment.
- STZ streptozocin
- the von Frey stimulation test uses the up-down method (Chaplan, SR, Bach, FW, Pogrel, JW, Chung, JM, Yaksh, TL, Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw, J Neurosci. Methods, 53, 55-63 (1994)) were used to assess mechanical hyperalgesia by determining the 50% withdrawal response threshold (g) for hind limb elevation.
- MNCV motor nerve conduction velocity
- the lead electrode (-pole) for recording and the reference electrode (+ pole) were each inserted shallowly into the right plantar muscle site.
- the reference electrode (+ electrode) was installed on the peripheral side from the-electrode.
- a single rectangular pulse was applied to each of S1 and S2 (stimulation frequency: 1 Hz, duration: 0.1 msec, current: supramaximal, using an evoked potential recorder [Neuropack ⁇ (model number: MEB-9102, Nihon Kohden Corporation)].
- stimulation frequency 1 was applied, and the change in action potential obtained with the recording electrode was recorded.
- the latencies t1, t2 (msec) from the time of stimulation to the rise of the action potential and the distance d (mm) between S1 and S2 were measured, and the MNCV was calculated by the following equation.
- Anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody or control antibody (mouse IgG) was administered into the tail vein at a dose of 10 mg / kg, and once a week from the third week of STZ administration, a total of four times.
- a neutralizing anti-RGMa antibody r116A3 (see Patent Document 4) produced by the method described in the literature was used.
- mice were euthanized by perfusion with physiological saline and exsanguinated, and 10 vol% neutral buffer. Perfusion fixed with formalin. Thereafter, the spinal cord was collected and immersed and fixed in 10 vol% neutral buffered formalin. Immunostaining of GFAP (astrocyte staining) and Iba1 (staining of microglia) was performed and the expression of GFAP and Iba1 was evaluated histopathologically under a light microscope.
- FIG. 1 shows the effect of repeated administration of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody on mechanical hyperalgesia.
- the 50% escape response threshold decreased by the induction of diabetes significantly improved from 1 week after administration of the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody.
- the improvement effect became stronger over the course of the week, and the improvement effect continued at least up to 4 weeks at the time of the final evaluation.
- the effect of repeated administration of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody on motor nerve conduction disorder is shown in FIG.
- the anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody also showed an improving effect on the motor nerve conduction velocity decreased by the induction of diabetes, and significant improvement was observed 4 weeks after the start of administration.
- FIG. 3 shows the calculation results of the GFAP positive area ratio.
- a significant decrease was observed in the diabetic group as compared to the non-diabetic group
- a significant increase was observed in the diabetic + test substance administration group as compared to the diabetic group
- FIG. 4 shows the calculation results of the Iba1-positive area ratio.
- a significant decrease was observed in the diabetic group compared to the non-diabetic group.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 amino acid sequence of human RGMa precursor protein
- SEQ ID NO: 2 amino acid sequence of mouse RGMa precursor protein
- SEQ ID NO: 3 amino acid sequence of rat RGMa precursor protein
- SEQ ID NO: 4 DNA sequence of human RGMa gene
- SEQ ID NO: 5 in anti-RGMa LCDR1 amino acid sequence of sum antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 6 amino acid sequence of LCDR2 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 7 amino acid sequence of LCDR3 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 8 HCDR1 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 9 Amino acid sequence of HCDR2 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- 10 Amino acid sequence of HCDR3 of anti-RGMa neutralizing antibody r116A3
- SEQ ID NO: 11 Amino acid sequence of
- the present invention is useful for the prevention or treatment of peripheral neuropathy, or for the prevention or treatment of pain symptoms associated with diseases in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocytic disorder is observed, and has high utility value in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Abstract
Description
末梢神経障害は、末梢神経の正常な伝導が障害される病態である。末梢神経障害にて障害される神経の種類は運動神経、感覚神経、自律神経に及ぶ。末梢神経障害は、臨床学的に、単神経障害(モノニューロパシー;単一の神経の障害)、多発単神経障害(多発性モノニューロパシー;別々の領域にある2つ以上の神経の障害)、又は多発神経障害(多発ニューロパシー;左右対称に生じた広範な神経障害)に分類され、病理学的には、軸索が中心に侵された軸索障害、又は髄鞘が変性脱落した髄鞘障害に分類される。末梢神経障害は、運動神経、感覚神経、及び自律神経に対して障害をもたらす。その結果、疼痛、知覚異常、麻痺、しびれ、筋力低下、発汗異常、又は排尿障害などの症状をもたらし、時間とともに悪化することを特徴とする。末梢神経障害の主な原因としては、変形等の身体的要因による損傷、圧迫、血行障害、遺伝的要因、代謝異常等が挙げられる。糖尿病性神経障害は多発神経障害と単神経障害を含み、多発神経障害は末梢神経系である感覚神経、運動神経および自律神経障害を含む。
末梢神経障害に対する治療薬としてメチルビタミンB12(メチルコバラミン)が臨床にて用いられるが(非特許文献4)、臨床的に有効である症例は極めて稀である。また、神経障害に伴う運動麻痺は、日常生活に深刻な影響をもたらすものの、有効な治療方法が未だ確立されていない。
その後の研究により、RGMは、ゼノパス及びニワトリ胚における軸索誘導及びラミナ形成、並びに、マウス胚における頭部神経管の閉鎖の制御等の機能を有することが明らかとなっている(非特許文献8参照)。特許文献1には抗RGM中和抗体を有効成分として含有する軸索再生促進剤が開示されている。
また、抗RGMa抗体が視神経脊髄炎に対し効果を有することが知られている(非特許文献10参照)。
このように中枢神経系損傷ではRGMaの役割が明らかにされているが、末梢神経障害又は末梢神経障害若しくはアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患に伴う疼痛症状においてはRGMaの関与は同定されていなかった。
すなわち、本発明は以下の各発明に関する。
2.RGM阻害物質がRGMa阻害物質である、項1に記載の剤。
3.RGMa阻害物質が抗RGMa中和抗体又はそのフラグメントである、項2に記載の剤。
4.抗RGMa中和抗体がヒト化抗体である、項3に記載の剤。
5.抗RGMa中和抗体が配列番号16、配列番号36、配列番号37、配列番号38及び配列番号39から選択されるアミノ酸配列を認識する抗体である、項3又は4に記載の剤。
6.抗RGMa中和抗体が、下記(a1)~(l1):
(a1)配列番号5に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号7に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号9に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号10に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(b1)配列番号11に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号12に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号13に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号14に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号15に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及びSFGをアミノ酸配列に含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(c1)配列番号17に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号18に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号19に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号21に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号22に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(d1)配列番号23に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号24に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号25に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号27に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号28に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(e1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号31に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(f1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号35に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(g1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号40に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(h1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号41に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(i1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号42に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(j1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号43に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(k1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号44に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、及び
(l1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号45に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
から選択される抗体である、項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
7.末梢神経障害が、糖尿病性神経障害、絞扼性神経障害(手根管症候群、肘部尺骨神経障害、腓骨神経麻痺又は足根管症候群)、家族性アミロイドポリニューロパチー、中毒性ニューロパチー、癌性ニューロパチー、免疫介在性ニューロパチー(ギラン・バレー症候群(GBS)又は慢性炎症性脱髄性多発ニューロパチー(CIDP))、膠原病に伴うニューロパチー、クロウ-フカセ症候群(POEMS症候群)、遺伝性ニューロパチー(Charcor-Marie-Tooth病)、帯状疱疹後神経痛、AIDS又はライム病による末梢神経障害、尿毒症、多巣性運動ニューロパチー及び血管炎性ニューロパチーから選ばれる、項1~6のいずれかに記載の剤。
8.末梢神経障害が、糖尿病性神経障害である項1~6のいずれかに記載の剤。
9.糖尿病性神経障害が、有痛性糖尿病性神経障害、及び/又は無症候性糖尿病性神経障害である、項8に記載の剤。
10.末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患による疼痛症状の予防又は治療に用いるための、項1~6のいずれかに記載の剤。
11.末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患が、糖尿病性神経障害、絞扼性神経障害(手根管症候群、肘部尺骨神経障害、腓骨神経麻痺又は足根管症候群)、家族性アミロイドポリニューロパチー、中毒性ニューロパチー、癌性ニューロパチー、免疫介在性ニューロパチー(ギラン・バレー症候群(GBS)又は慢性炎症性脱髄性多発ニューロパチー(CIDP))、膠原病に伴うニューロパチー、クロウ-フカセ症候群(POEMS症候群)、遺伝性ニューロパチー(Charcor-Marie-Tooth病)、帯状疱疹後神経痛、AIDS又はライム病による末梢神経障害、尿毒症、多巣性運動ニューロパチー、血管炎性ニューロパチー、視神経脊髄炎及びアレキサンダー病から選ばれる、項10に記載の剤。
12.末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患が、糖尿病性神経障害又は視神経脊髄炎である項11に記載の剤。
13.末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患が、糖尿病性神経障害である項11に記載の剤。
14.末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患が、視神経脊髄炎である項11に記載の剤。
15.治療を要する哺乳動物に対して有効量のRGMa阻害物質を投与することを含む、末梢神経障害の予防又は治療方法。
16.末梢神経障害が糖尿病性神経障害である、項15に記載の方法。
本明細書中別途定義されていない限り、本発明に関連して使用されている科学用語及び技術用語は当業者が通常理解している意味を有する。用語の意味及び範囲は明らかでなければならないが、潜在的に意味が明確でない場合には本明細書中に与えられている定義が辞書又は外部の定義に優先する。更に、別段の記述がない限り、単数形の用語は複数を含み、複数形の用語は単数を含む。本明細書中、「又は」の使用は別段の記述がない限り「及び/又は」を意味する。
本発明の理解を容易にするため、以下に本発明に用いられる用語を説明する。
本願において中和とは目的の標的に結合し、かつ、その標的のいずれかの機能を阻害することができる作用のことをいう。例えば、RGMa阻害物質は、RGMaへの結合の結果、RGMaの生物活性が阻害される物質をいう。
本願においてエピトープとは、免疫グロブリン又はT細胞受容体に対して特異的に結合し得るポリペプチド決定基を含む。ある実施形態では、エピトープは分子の化学的に活性な表面基(例えば、アミノ酸、糖側鎖、ホスホリル又はスルホニル)を含み、ある実施形態では特定の3次元構造特性及び/又は特定の電荷特性を有し得る。エピトープは抗体により結合される抗原の領域である。
本願において単離されたRGMa阻害物質(例えば抗体等)等の「単離された」とは、同定され、かつ、分離された、及び/又は、自然状態での成分から回収された、という意味である。自然状態での不純物は、その抗体の診断的又は治療的使用を妨害し得る物質であり、酵素、ホルモン及びその他のタンパク質性の又は非タンパク質性の溶質が挙げられる。一般的に、RGMa阻害物質等を単離するには、少なくとも1つの精製工程によって精製すればよく、少なくとも1つの精製工程により精製されたRGMa阻害物質を「単離されたRGMa阻害物質」ということができる。
本願において抗体とは、広義には免疫グロブリン(Ig)分子の実質的にエピトープに結合する特徴を保持している2本の重鎖(H鎖)と2本の軽鎖(L鎖)の4本のポリペプチド鎖からなるIg分子を指す。
本願において「ヒト抗体」とは、軽鎖、重鎖ともにヒト免疫グロブリン由来の抗体をいう。ヒト抗体は、重鎖の定常領域の違いにより、γ鎖の重鎖を有するIgG(IgG1、IgG2、IgG3及びIgG4を含む)、μ鎖の重鎖を有するIgM、α鎖の重鎖を有するIgA(IgA1,IgA2を含む)、δ鎖の重鎖を有するIgD、又はε鎖の重鎖を有するIgEを含む。また原則として軽鎖は、κ鎖とλ鎖のどちらか一方を含む。
本願において「ヒト化抗体」は、非ヒト動物由来抗体の相補性決定領域と、ヒト抗体由来のフレームワーク領域とからなる可変領域、及びヒト抗体由来の定常領域からなる抗体をいう。
本願において「キメラ抗体」とは、軽鎖、重鎖、又はその両方が、非ヒト由来の可変領域と、ヒト由来の定常領域からなる抗体をいう。
本願において「モノスペシフィック抗体」とは、単一の抗原特異性を有する、単一の独立した抗原認識部位を持ち合わせた抗体である。本明細書中においては、例えば、RGMaを認識するモノスペシフィック抗体をRGMaモノスペシフィック抗体と呼称することがある。
本願において「マルチスペシフィック抗体」とは、2つ以上の異なる抗原特異性を有する2つ以上の独立した抗原認識部位を持ち合わせた抗体であり、2つの抗原特異性を有するバイスペシフィック抗体、3つの抗原特異性を有するトリスペシフィック抗体などが挙げられる。
「相補性決定領域(CDR)」とは免疫グロブリン分子の可変領域のうち、抗原結合部位を形成する領域をいい、超可変領域とも呼ばれ、免疫グロブリン分子ごとに特にアミノ酸配列の変化が大きい部分をいう。CDRには軽鎖及び重鎖それぞれに3つのCDRがある。軽鎖に含まれる3つのCDRをそれぞれLCDR1、LCDR2及びLCDR3、並びに重鎖に含まれる3つのCDRをHCDR1、HCDR2及びHCDR3と呼称することがある。例えば免疫グロブリン分子のCDRはカバット(Kabat)の番号付けシステム(Kabatら、1987、Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest、US Department of Health and Human Services、NIH、USA)に従って決定される。
「有効量」とは、障害又はその1つ以上の症状の重症度及び/又は期間を軽減又は改善させる、障害の進行を予防する、障害を後退させる、障害に関連する1つ以上の症状の再発、発生、発症又は進行を予防する、障害を検出する、或いは別の治療(例えば、予防薬又は治療薬)の1つ以上の予防又は治療効果を強化又は向上させるのに十分な予防又は治療剤の量を指す。
可変領域等の候補ポリペプチド配列のアミノ酸配列の、参照ポリペプチド配列のアミノ酸配列に関する「パーセント(%)同一性」とは、配列を整列させ、最大の%同一性を得るために必要ならば間隙を導入し、如何なる保存的置換も配列同一性の一部と考えないとした後の、特定の参照ポリペプチド配列のアミノ酸残基と同一である候補配列中のアミノ酸残基のパーセントとして定義される。%同一性を測定する目的のためのアラインメントは、当業者の技量の範囲にある種々の方法、例えばBLAST、BLAST-2、ALIGN、又はMegalign(DNASTAR)ソフトウエアのような公に入手可能なコンピュータソフトウエアを使用することにより達成可能である。当業者であれば、比較される配列の完全長に対して最大のアラインメントを達成するために必要な任意のアルゴリズムを含む、配列をアラインメントするための適切なパラメータを決定することができる。しかし、ここでの目的のためには、%同一性値は、ペアワイズアラインメントにおいて、配列比較コンピュータプログラムBLASTを使用することによって得られる。
アミノ酸配列比較にBLASTが用いられる状況では、与えられたアミノ酸配列Aの、与えられたアミノ酸配列Bとの%同一性は次のように計算される:
分率X/Yの100倍
ここで、Xは配列アラインメントプログラムBLASTのA及びBのプログラムアラインメントによって同一であると一致したスコアのアミノ酸残基の数であり、YはBの全アミノ酸残基数である。アミノ酸配列Aの長さがアミノ酸配列Bの長さと異なる場合、AのBに対する%同一性は、BのAに対する%同一性とは異なることは理解されるであろう。特に断らない限りは、ここでの全ての%同一性値は、直ぐ上のパラグラフに示したようにBLASTコンピュータプログラムを用いて得られる。
本発明の実施形態は、RGM阻害物質、とりわけRGMa阻害物質の新規な用途である末梢神経障害の予防又は治療剤を提供する。また、本発明の実施形態は、例えば、RGMa阻害物質の糖尿病性神経障害の予防又は治療剤を提供する。さらに、本発明の他の実施形態は、RGMa阻害物質の末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患による疼痛症状の予防又は治療剤を提供する。
また、本発明の他の実施形態は、治療を要する哺乳動物に対して、有効量のRGMa阻害物質を含む予防又は治療剤を投与するステップを含む、末梢神経障害、例えば糖尿病性神経障害の予防又は治療方法を提供する。
本発明のRGM阻害物質としては、後述する末梢神経障害又は末梢神経障害若しくはアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患による疼痛症状を誘導する又は当該疾患又は症状からの回復を阻害するRGMの活性(以下、単に「RGM活性」と称することがある)を阻害する物質又はRGMの発現を阻害する物質のいずれのものでもよい。ここで、RGMは、RGMa、RGMb及びRGMcから選択される一つ又は二つ以上を意味し、好ましくはRGMaである。
RGMa遺伝子としては、例えば配列番号4に示される塩基配列からなるヒトRGMa遺伝子等が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。種々の生物由来のRGM遺伝子の塩基配列は公知のデータベース(GenBank等)から容易に取得することができる。
(b1)配列番号11に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号12に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号13に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号14に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号15に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及びSFGをアミノ酸配列に含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号36、37及び38をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(c1)配列番号17に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号18に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号19に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号21に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号22に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(d1)配列番号23に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号24に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号25に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号27に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号28に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(e1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号31に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(f1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号35に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(g1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号40に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(h1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号41に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(i1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号42に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(j1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号43に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(k1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号44に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、及び
(l1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号45に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
から選択される抗体であり、
より好ましくは下記(a2)~(l2)、
(a2)配列番号5に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号7に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号9に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号10に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号36、37及び39をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(b2)配列番号11に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号12に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号13に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号14に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号15に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及びSFGのアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号36、37及び38をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(c2)配列番号17に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号18に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号19に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号21に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号22に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(d2)配列番号23に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号24に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号25に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号27に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号28に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(e2)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号31に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(f2)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号35に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(g2)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号40に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(h2)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号41に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(i2)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号42に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(j2)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号43に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
(k2)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号44に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、及び
(l2)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR2及び配列番号45に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列からなるHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体(当該抗RGMa中和抗体は、さらに配列番号16をエピトープとする抗体も含む)、
から選択される抗体が挙げられる。
これらのうち、特に好ましくは(a2)に記載される抗体が挙げられる。
あるいは、可変領域又はその一部の配列を化学合成し、定常領域を含む配列に結合することによっても本発明のモノクローナル抗体をコードするDNAを得ることができる。
当該核酸分子は重鎖と軽鎖の定常領域と可変領域の全てをコードするものであってもよいが、重鎖と軽鎖の可変領域のみをコードするものであってもよい。定常領域と可変領域の全てをコードする場合における重鎖及び軽鎖の定常領域の塩基配列は、Nucleic Acids Research vol.14, p1779, 1986、 The Journal of Biological Chemistry vol.257, p1516, 1982 及び Cell vol.22, p197, 1980 に記載のものが好ましい。
なお、RGMaとの結合能を有し、RGMaの活性を阻害(中和)するという本発明の抗体の特性が維持される限り、抗RGMa中和抗体のアミノ酸配列において、1又は数個のアミノ酸(1~20個、1~10個、1~5個、1~3個又は1~2個)の置換、欠失、付加又は挿入があってもよい。このような置換、欠失、付加はCDRに導入されてもよいが、CDR以外の領域に導入されることが好ましい。また、該アミノ酸置換は本発明の特性を維持するために保存的置換であることが好ましい。
好ましい配列は通常の選択方法を用いて選択することが出来、本発明におけるsiRNA又はshRNAとしては、機能性RGMaの発現阻害を評価することで確認することが出来る。
これら実施形態のうち、末梢神経障害として、好ましくは糖尿病性神経障害があげられる。また、アストロサイト障害が認められる疾患として、好ましくは、視神経脊髄炎があげられる。
例えば、このような疼痛症状のうち、末梢神経障害が認められる疾患では後述の実施例1(1-6)で示されるように、RGMa阻害物質、例えば、抗RGMa抗体によって、神経伝導速度が改善していることから、RGMa阻害物質は末梢神経障害が認められる疾患を治療することが示唆され、さらに疼痛も抑制することからRGMa阻害物質は末梢神経障害が認められる疾患による疼痛に対し、鎮痛効果を示すことが示唆される。
糖尿病性神経障害の主な症状としては、大きく感覚神経障害、運動神経障害、自律神経障害が挙げられる。感覚神経障害には、痛覚異常が顕著である有痛性神経障害と、自発的感覚異常がない無症候性神経障害が存在する。感覚神経障害は、発症早期に下肢末端に、しびれ感、痛みがみとめられ、その後症状が進行すると、感覚鈍麻が顕著になってくる。また、症状が進行すると、下肢だけでなく上肢末端にもしびれ感、痛み、感覚鈍麻等の症状が出現する。感覚神経障害は患者のQOL低下につながるだけでなく、症状が進行し、感覚鈍麻が出現すると、足壊疽やシャルコー関節につながるリスクが高まり、四肢の切断や生命予後の悪化につながるおそれも生じる。そのため、糖尿病性神経障害は発症早期からの治療介入が重要である。一方、運動神経障害では、特に下肢の筋力低下及び筋萎縮、足の変形といった症状が認められる。通常、日常生活動作に影響が出るほどには目立たないが、これら症状は障害が進行すると、バランスの維持や、坂道や階段の昇り降り、速歩といった負荷がかかる歩行への影響が見られてくる。
本発明における糖尿病性神経障害の予防又は治療剤は、前記検査により見出される症状の改善又は前記症状から選択される症状の予防又は治療に用いることが出来る。
本発明における末梢神経障害の予防若しくは治療剤又は末梢神経障害若しくはアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患による疼痛症状の予防若しくは治療剤は、RGMa阻害物質を有効成分とし、薬学的に許容される担体又は添加剤を適宜配合した医薬組成物として製剤化することができる。具体的には錠剤、被覆錠剤、丸剤、散剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、液剤、懸濁剤、乳剤等の経口剤;注射剤、輸液、坐剤、軟膏、パッチ剤等の非経口剤とすることができる。担体又は添加剤の配合割合については、医薬品分野において通常採用されている範囲に基づいて適宜設定すればよい。配合できる担体又は添加剤は特に制限されないが、例えば、水、生理食塩水、その他の水性溶媒、水性又は油性基剤等の各種担体;賦形剤、結合剤、pH調整剤、崩壊剤、吸収促進剤、滑沢剤、着色剤、矯味剤、香料等の各種添加剤が挙げられる。
本発明と併用する薬剤としては、疼痛治療薬、糖尿病薬などが挙げられる。
疼痛治療薬として、例えば三環系抗うつ薬(アミトリプチリン、イミプラミンなど)、α2δリガンド((例えば、プレガバリンなど)、Naチャネルブロッカー(メキシレチンなど)、抗てんかん薬(ガバペンチン、カルバマゼピンなど)、アルドース還元酵素阻害薬(エパルレスタットなど)、セロトニン・ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害薬(SNRI、例えばデュロキセチン)と併用あるいは合剤化ができる。
[実施例1]
ラットSTZ誘発糖尿病性神経障害モデルの疼痛及び運動神経伝導障害に対する抗RGMa中和抗体の効果の検討
このラットSTZ誘発糖尿病性神経障害モデルは、末梢神経障害、とりわけ糖尿病性神経障害における末梢神経の障害に対する効果を評価するモデルである。それに加えて、本モデルは、末梢神経障害、とりわけ、糖尿病性神経障害の疼痛症状に対する効果とともに、アストロサイト障害が認められる疾患による疼痛症状に対する効果も評価できるモデルである。
(1-1)ラットSTZ誘発糖尿病性神経障害モデルの作製
実験にはSD系雄性ラットを使用した。0.75 mMクエン酸緩衝液(pH 4.5)で30%濃度に溶解したSTZ(ストレプトゾシン)(60 mg/kg)をラット尾静脈内に投与し、3週間後、血糖値が300 mg/dl以上に達したものをSTZ実験群(糖尿病群)として用いた。正常群には実験群と同一週齢のSTZ非投与ラットを用いた。
von Frey刺激試験はup-down法(Chaplan, S.R., Bach, F.W., Pogrel, J.W., Chung, J.M., Yaksh, T.L., Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw, J. Neurosci. Methods, 53, 55-63(1994)を参照)を用いて後肢を挙上する50%逃避反応閾値(g)を求めて機械的痛覚過敏を評価した。
ラットをイソフルランガスで持続吸入麻酔して腹位に固定し、体温制御装置(ATB-1100、日本光電株式会社)により体温(直腸温度)を一定(37.5~38.5°C)に保持し、MNCVを測定した。
右坐骨神経の坐骨結節部位を近遠位刺激点(S1)、右脛骨神経の足関節部位を遠近位刺激点(S2)とし、各々に針電極(-極)を挿入した。また、不関電極(+極)はS1から脊髄側に約1cmの所に挿入した。一方、記録用の導出電極(-極)及び基準電極(+極)はそれぞれ右足底筋部位に浅く挿入した。なお、基準電極(+極)は、-極より末梢側に設置した。誘発電位記録装置[ニューロパックμ(型番:MEB-9102、日本光電工業株式会社)]を用いてS1、S2それぞれに単一矩形パルス(刺激頻度:1Hz、持続時間:0.1msec、電流:supramaximal、刺激回数:1回)の電気刺激を加え、記録電極で得られた活動電位の変化を記録した。S1刺激、S2刺激それぞれについて刺激時から活動電位の立ち上がりまでの潜時t1、t2(msec)及びS1、S2間の距離d(mm)を測定し、次式によりMNCVを算出した。
STZ投与3週後、血糖値が300 mg/dL以下の動物を群分け対象から除外し、体重、50%逃避閾値及びMNCVの平均値と分散が各群で均質化するように群分けした。STZ/コントロール抗体投与群、STZ/抗RGMa中和抗体投与群、正常/コントロール抗体投与群、いずれも10匹で構成した。
抗RGMa中和抗体としては、文献記載の方法で作製したr116A3(特許文献4を参照)を用いた。
被験物質初回投与から28日後(STZ投与から51日後)に、生理食塩水を灌流し放血して安楽死させ、10vol%中性緩衝ホルマリンで灌流固定した。その後、脊髄を採取し、10vol%中性緩衝ホルマリンに浸漬固定した。
GFAP(アストロサイトの染色)およびIba1(ミクログリアの染色)の免疫染色を実施し、GFAPおよびIba1の発現を光学顕微鏡下で病理組織学的に評価した。
機械的痛覚過敏に対する抗RGMa中和抗体繰り返し投与の効果を図1に示した。糖尿病惹起により低下した50%逃避反応閾値は抗RGMa中和抗体投与後1週から有意な改善がみられた。改善効果は経週的に強くなり、少なくとも最終評価時点の4週まで改善効果は持続した。
Iba1陽性面積率の算出結果を図4に示した。前角および後角において、非糖尿病群と比較して糖尿病群で有意な減少が認められた。
配列番号1 :ヒトRGMa前駆タンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号2 :マウスRGMa前駆タンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号3 :ラットRGMa前駆タンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号4 :ヒトRGMa遺伝子のDNA配列
配列番号5 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号6 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号7 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号8 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号9 :抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号10:抗RGMa中和抗体r116A3のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号11:抗RGMa中和抗体r70EのLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号12:抗RGMa中和抗体r70EのLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号13:抗RGMa中和抗体r70EのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号14:抗RGMa中和抗体r70EのHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号15:抗RGMa中和抗体r70EのHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号16:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号17:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号18:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号19:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号20:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号21:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号22:抗RGMa中和抗体5F9のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号23:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号24:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号25:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号26:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号27:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号28:抗RGMa中和抗体8D1のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号29:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のLCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号30:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のLCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号31:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号32:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のHCDR1のアミノ酸配列
配列番号33:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のHCDR2のアミノ酸配列
配列番号34:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1のHCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号35:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1YのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号36:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号37:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号38:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号39:ヒトRGMaのエピトープのアミノ酸配列
配列番号40:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1FのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号41:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1HのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号42:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1LのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号43:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1VのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号44:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1IのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
配列番号45:抗RGMa中和抗体AE12-1KのLCDR3のアミノ酸配列
Claims (16)
- RGM阻害物質を含む、末梢神経障害の予防又は治療剤。
- RGM阻害物質がRGMa阻害物質である、請求項1に記載の剤。
- RGMa阻害物質が抗RGMa中和抗体又はそのフラグメントである、請求項2に記載の剤。
- 抗RGMa中和抗体がヒト化抗体である、請求項3に記載の剤。
- 抗RGMa中和抗体が配列番号16、配列番号36、配列番号37、配列番号38及び配列番号39から選択されるアミノ酸配列を認識する抗体である、請求項3又は4に記載の剤。
- 抗RGMa中和抗体が、下記(a1)~(l1):
(a1)配列番号5に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号7に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号9に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号10に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(b1)配列番号11に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号12に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号13に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号14に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号15に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及びSFGをアミノ酸配列に含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(c1)配列番号17に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号18に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号19に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号20に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号21に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号22に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(d1)配列番号23に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号24に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号25に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号26に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号27に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号28に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(e1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号31に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(f1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号35に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(g1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号40に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(h1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号41に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(i1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号42に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(j1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号43に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
(k1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号44に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、及び
(l1)配列番号29に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR1、配列番号30に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR2及び配列番号45に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むLCDR3を含む軽鎖可変領域、並びに配列番号32に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR1、配列番号33に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR2及び配列番号34に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むHCDR3を含む重鎖可変領域を含む抗RGMa中和抗体、
から選択される抗体である、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の剤。 - 末梢神経障害が、糖尿病性神経障害、絞扼性神経障害(手根管症候群、肘部尺骨神経障害、腓骨神経麻痺又は足根管症候群)、家族性アミロイドポリニューロパチー、中毒性ニューロパチー、癌性ニューロパチー、免疫介在性ニューロパチー(ギラン・バレー症候群(GBS)又は慢性炎症性脱髄性多発ニューロパチー(CIDP))、膠原病に伴うニューロパチー、クロウ-フカセ症候群(POEMS症候群)、遺伝性ニューロパチー(Charcor-Marie-Tooth病)、帯状疱疹後神経痛、AIDS又はライム病による末梢神経障害、尿毒症、多巣性運動ニューロパチー及び血管炎性ニューロパチーから選ばれる、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
- 末梢神経障害が、糖尿病性神経障害である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
- 糖尿病性神経障害が、有痛性糖尿病性神経障害、及び/又は無症候性糖尿病性神経障害である、請求項8に記載の剤。
- 末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患による疼痛症状の予防又は治療に用いるための、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
- 末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患が、糖尿病性神経障害、絞扼性神経障害(手根管症候群、肘部尺骨神経障害、腓骨神経麻痺又は足根管症候群)、家族性アミロイドポリニューロパチー、中毒性ニューロパチー、癌性ニューロパチー、免疫介在性ニューロパチー(ギラン・バレー症候群(GBS)又は慢性炎症性脱髄性多発ニューロパチー(CIDP))、膠原病に伴うニューロパチー、クロウ-フカセ症候群(POEMS症候群)、遺伝性ニューロパチー(Charcor-Marie-Tooth病)、帯状疱疹後神経痛、AIDS又はライム病による末梢神経障害、尿毒症、多巣性運動ニューロパチー、血管炎性ニューロパチー、視神経脊髄炎及びアレキサンダー病から選ばれる、請求項10に記載の剤。
- 末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患が、糖尿病性神経障害又は視神経脊髄炎である請求項11に記載の剤。
- 末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患が、糖尿病性神経障害である請求項11に記載の剤。
- 末梢神経障害又はアストロサイト障害が認められる疾患が、視神経脊髄炎である請求項11に記載の剤。
- 治療を要する哺乳動物に対して有効量のRGMa阻害物質を投与することを含む、末梢神経障害の予防又は治療方法。
- 末梢神経障害が糖尿病性神経障害である、請求項15に記載の方法。
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| CN201980046043.4A CN112533635A (zh) | 2018-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | 末梢神经病变或者伴随确认到末梢神经病变或星形胶质细胞病变的疾病的疼痛的预防或治疗方法 |
| SG11202100235YA SG11202100235YA (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | Prevention or treatment method for peripheral neuropathy or pain accompanying disease in which peripheral neuropathy or astrocyte disorder is recognized |
| KR1020217003576A KR102731135B1 (ko) | 2018-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | 말초신경장애, 또는 말초신경장애 혹은 성상세포장애가 인정되는 질환에 따른 동통의 예방 또는 치료 방법 |
| IL280018A IL280018A (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2021-01-07 | Repulsive guidance molecule (rgm) inhibitors for preventing or treating peripheral neuropathy |
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| WO2023081458A1 (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-05-11 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Systems and methods for diagnosis and/or treating demyelinating neuropathy |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2021132673A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-01 | ||
| US20240287167A1 (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2024-08-29 | Osaka University | Agent for preventing or treating acute-phase neuromyelitis optica |
| US20230090965A1 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2023-03-23 | Osaka University | Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for dementia |
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