WO2020045634A1 - 硫化物固体電解質の製造方法、硫化物固体電解質、全固体電池、及び硫化物固体電解質の製造に用いる原料化合物の選択方法 - Google Patents
硫化物固体電解質の製造方法、硫化物固体電解質、全固体電池、及び硫化物固体電解質の製造に用いる原料化合物の選択方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/10—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances sulfides
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/14—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds of phosphorus
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, a sulfide solid electrolyte, an all-solid battery, and a method for selecting a raw material compound used for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries typified by lithium ion non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are widely used in electronic devices such as personal computers and communication terminals, automobiles, etc. due to their high energy density.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery generally includes an electrode body having a pair of electrically isolated electrodes, and a nonaqueous electrolyte interposed between the electrodes, and transfers ions between the two electrodes. Is configured to charge and discharge.
- Patent Literature 1 describes producing a sulfide solid electrolyte having a composition of 75Li 2 S-25P 2 S 5 -yLi 3 N using Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and Li 3 N as starting materials. Have been.
- Patent Document 2 describes that a sulfide solid electrolyte is manufactured using a raw material composition including Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , LiBr, LiI, and Li 3 N.
- Patent Document 1 describes that when the sulfide solid electrolyte contains N, atmospheric stability (water resistance) of the sulfide solid electrolyte can be improved. However, when Li 3 N is used as a raw material of the sulfide solid electrolyte, there is a problem that N is discharged out of the system.
- Patent Document 2 describes that a raw material composition containing Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , LiI, and LiBr is made amorphous and heat-treated to precipitate a high Li ion conductive phase.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that the difference between the temperature at which a high Li ion conducting phase is formed and the temperature at which a low Li ion conducting phase is formed can be increased by adding Li 3 N, but the difference is at most 30. As low as about ° C, further improvement was required.
- an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte capable of suppressing the emission of N out of the system in a sulfide solid electrolyte production process.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting a raw material compound used for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, and an all-solid battery provided with the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- An object of another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a sulfide solid electrolyte having improved thermal stability, a method for producing the same, and an all-solid battery including the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- One embodiment of the present invention made to solve the above problem is a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, comprising preparing a composition containing P, S, N, an element A, and an element M; Comprising reacting the composition to obtain an intermediate; and heating the intermediate to obtain a sulfide solid electrolyte, wherein the composition comprises a raw material compound containing N, element A, and element M. And a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K.
- M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P, Zr, and Ti.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for selecting a raw material compound used for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, Selecting a candidate material containing N, an element A ′, and an element M ′ as a candidate for the raw material compound, and using a first-principles calculation, to determine the defect generation energy E Ndefect of N inside the candidate material And selecting the candidate material as the raw material compound when the E Neffect is 4.00 eV or more.
- ⁇ ⁇ Another embodiment of the present invention is a sulfide solid electrolyte including P, S, N, an element A, an element X, and an element M as constituent elements and having a crystal structure.
- A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K.
- X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I.
- M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P, Zr, and Ti.
- the method for selecting a raw material compound used for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, and the sulfide solid electrolyte, N is removed from the system in the sulfide solid electrolyte production step. Emissions can be suppressed. According to the sulfide solid electrolyte of another embodiment of the present invention, a sulfide solid electrolyte with improved thermal stability can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a manufacturing process of a sulfide solid electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the all-solid-state battery in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an XRD diffraction pattern of the sulfide solid electrolyte of the example.
- FIG. 4 is an XRD diffraction pattern of a sulfide solid electrolyte of a comparative example.
- FIG. 5 is a DSC curve of the intermediate of the sulfide solid electrolytes of the example and the comparative example after the milling treatment and before the heat treatment.
- FIG. 6 is a DSC curve of the intermediate of the sulfide solid electrolytes of the example and the comparative example after the milling treatment and before the heat treatment.
- the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte is a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, comprising preparing a composition containing P, S, N, an element A, and an element M; Comprising reacting the composition to obtain an intermediate; and heating the intermediate to obtain a sulfide solid electrolyte, wherein the composition comprises a raw material compound containing N, element A, and element M. And a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K.
- M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P, Zr, and Ti.
- the “composition” means a mixture obtained by mixing two or more compounds.
- the “raw material compound” means a specific compound constituting the composition.
- the present inventors have proposed that at least one element A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, and a group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P, Zr and Ti.
- the present inventors have found that the use of a raw material compound containing at least one element M selected from the group consisting of N and N can suppress the emission of N out of the system in the process of producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, leading to the present invention.
- the defect generation energy of N is large, and N defects are generated in the synthesis process of the sulfide solid electrolyte. Therefore, N 2 gas is not easily generated. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the discharge of N out of the system in the sulfide solid electrolyte production process.
- the element M is a compound represented by Li ⁇ M ⁇ N ( ⁇ and ⁇ are numerical values that give a stoichiometric ratio depending on the type of the element M), both of which are calculated by first-principles calculation described later. Is an element having a defect generation energy of N of 4.00 eV or more. The definition of the defect generation energy of N will be described later.
- the raw material compound containing N, element A, and element M preferably contains Li, N, element A, and element M.
- the raw material compound containing the N, the element A, and the element M may be obtained by reacting a nitride of the element M with a nitride of the element A, and may be manufactured and sold industrially. May be used.
- the element M is preferably one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, and P. These elements are elements whose N defect generation energy calculated by the first principle calculation described later is 4.10 eV or more.
- the element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, and B. These elements are elements for which the defect generation energy of N calculated by the first-principles calculation described later is 4.35 eV or more.
- the composition preferably contains lithium sulfide, phosphorus sulfide, and a raw material compound containing the above N, element A, and element M. Since these compounds are easy to handle, the productivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte can be improved.
- the element A contains Li, the content ratio of Li to P in the composition is 2.30 or more and 4.20 or less in molar ratio, and the content ratio of N to P in the composition is It is preferable that the molar ratio be from 0.0100 to 1.20. Further, the element A contains Li, the content ratio of Li to P in the composition is 2.77 or more and 3.38 or less in molar ratio, and the content ratio of N to P in the composition is molar ratio. More preferably, it is 0.280 or more and 0.650 or less. Thereby, a sulfide solid electrolyte having excellent atmospheric stability and high ionic conductivity at 25 ° C. can be provided.
- composition contains the element X.
- X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte containing Li, P, S, and the element X forms a metastable phase having high ionic conductivity (hereinafter, also referred to as HICP (High Ion Construction Phase)) (Patent) Reference 2).
- HICP High Ion Construction Phase
- LICP Low Ion Construction Phase
- Patent Document 3 since the sulfide solid electrolyte is manufactured using Li 3 N, N is discharged out of the system in the process of manufacturing the sulfide solid electrolyte, and the effect of expanding the heat treatment temperature range in which HICP is stable is obtained. Not enough. On the other hand, in the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, discharge of N to the outside of the system is suppressed. Therefore, the effect of improving the thermal stability of HICP can be sufficiently exhibited.
- the content ratio of Li to P in the composition is 3.10 or more and 4.20 or less in molar ratio
- the content ratio of N in P in the composition is 0.0600 or more and 0. It is preferably 750 or less
- the content ratio of X to P in the composition is preferably 0.180 or more and 1.30 or less.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte having high thermal stability of HICP can be provided.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte according to another embodiment of the present invention is a sulfide solid electrolyte manufactured by the method for manufacturing a sulfide solid electrolyte. With such a sulfide solid electrolyte, the discharge of N to the outside of the system in the process of producing the sulfide solid electrolyte is suppressed, so that various effects by including N can be sufficiently exhibited.
- the all-solid-state battery according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the sulfide solid electrolyte manufactured by the method for manufacturing a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the discharge of N to the outside of the system in the process of producing the sulfide solid electrolyte is suppressed, so that various effects due to the inclusion of N can be sufficiently exhibited.
- a method for selecting a raw material compound used for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte is a method for selecting a raw material compound used for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, wherein N, Selecting a candidate material containing the element A ′ and the element M ′, and calculating a defect generation energy E Ndefect of N inside the candidate material using the first principle calculation;
- This is a method for selecting a raw material compound, wherein the candidate material is selected as the raw material compound when E Ndefect is 4.00 eV or more.
- E Neffect is calculated for each of the N occupied sites, and the lowest value is used as the E Neffect of the candidate material.
- the raw material compound selected by the selection method has a large N defect generation energy and hardly generates N defects in the process of synthesizing the sulfide solid electrolyte, so that N 2 gas is hardly generated. For this reason, when a sulfide solid electrolyte is manufactured using the above-mentioned raw material compounds, it is possible to suppress the emission of N out of the system in the process of manufacturing the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte according to another embodiment of the present invention includes preparing a composition containing a raw material compound selected by a method for selecting a raw material compound used for producing the sulfide solid electrolyte; A method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte comprising: reacting a substance to obtain an intermediate; and heating the intermediate to obtain a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte according to another embodiment of the present invention is a sulfide solid electrolyte manufactured by the manufacturing method. With such a sulfide solid electrolyte, the discharge of N to the outside of the system in the process of producing the sulfide solid electrolyte is suppressed, so that various effects by including N can be sufficiently exhibited.
- the all-solid-state battery according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a sulfide solid electrolyte manufactured using the raw material compound selected by the selection method. With such a sulfide solid electrolyte, since the discharge of N to the outside of the system in the production process is suppressed, various effects by including N can be sufficiently exhibited.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte according to another embodiment of the present invention is a sulfide solid electrolyte having a crystal structure containing P, S, N, an element A, an element X, and an element M as constituent elements.
- A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K.
- X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I.
- M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P, Zr, and Ti.
- the thermal stability of HICP can be improved as compared with a sulfide solid electrolyte consisting only of Li, P, S, N and the element X.
- the element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, and B.
- the thermal stability of the HICP can be further improved.
- An all-solid-state battery includes a sulfide solid electrolyte having a crystal structure, containing P, S, N, an element A, an element X, and an element M as constituent elements. It is.
- Patent Literature 2 and Patent Literature 3 disclose that a sulfide solid electrolyte containing Li, P, S, N, Br and I has a high Li ion conductive phase and a low Li ion conductive phase at a high heating temperature. Is described as a phase transition. That is, the operating temperature of the all-solid-state battery provided with such a sulfide solid electrolyte has been limited by the phase transition temperature of the high Li ion conductive phase.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte has a higher thermal stability of HICP than the conventional sulfide solid electrolyte containing no element M. For this reason, the all solid state battery provided with the sulfide solid electrolyte of the present invention can fully enjoy the advantage of the all solid state battery which can raise the upper limit of the operating temperature of the battery.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte according to another embodiment of the present invention is a sulfide solid electrolyte including P, S, N, element A, and element M and having crystallinity.
- A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K.
- M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P, Zr, and Ti.
- the element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, and B.
- the discharge of N to the outside of the system in the manufacturing process of the sulfide solid electrolyte is more reliably suppressed, so that the atmospheric stability and the like can be further improved.
- the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte includes a preparing step of preparing a composition containing P, S, N, an element A, and an element M, and reacting the composition to form an intermediate.
- A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte according to the present embodiment, and the following description will be made along this flowchart.
- a composition containing Li, P, S, N, and the element M is prepared.
- the composition comprises one or more raw material compounds containing N, Li, and an element M (hereinafter, also referred to as a Li-MN-containing compound) and one or more raw materials containing Li, P, and S. It is preferably a mixture with a compound.
- Li 3 N and a nitride of the element M are prepared and mixed in a mortar or the like. Next, pellets of the mixed raw material compound are produced. Next, the pellet is heat-treated to produce a Li-MN-containing compound.
- the means for preparing the Li-MN-containing compound is not limited to this, and may be prepared by another method.
- the raw material of the Li-MN-containing compound may be two or more compounds containing any of N, Li, and the element M.
- the Li-MN-containing compound may be produced by mechanical milling.
- the MN-containing compound an industrially manufactured and sold compound may be prepared.
- a lithium composite nitride of the element M is preferably used as the Li-MN-containing compound.
- the lithium composite nitride of the element M for example, Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N, Li 3/2 B 1/2 N, Li 5/3 Si 1/3 N, Li 9/5 Si 3/10 N, Li 7/4 P 1/4 N, LiMgN, LiHf 1/2 N, Li 3/2 Sc 1/2 N, LiZr 1/2 N, Li 5/3 Ti 1/3 N, Li 4/3 Lithium composite nitrides such as Ta 1/3 N, Li 7/4 Ta 1/4 N, Li 7/4 Nb 1/4 N, and LiC 1/2 N are exemplified.
- Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N, Li 3/2 B 1/2 N, and Li 5/3 Si 1/3 N are preferable because they are easily available.
- Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N is particularly preferable, and from the viewpoint of improving the thermal stability of HICP, Li 3/2 B 1/2 N and Li 5. / 3Si1 / 3N is particularly preferred. From the viewpoint of suppressing the emission of N out of the system in the production process of the sulfide solid electrolyte, Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N and Li 3/2 B 1/2 N are particularly preferable.
- Examples of the raw material compound containing the element M include an oxide of the element M, a sulfide of the element M, a nitride of the element M, an alloy of the element M and Li, and the like.
- Examples of the sulfide of the element M include Al 2 S 3 and SiS 2 .
- Examples of the nitride of the element M include AlN, Si 3 N 4 , BN, and Mg 3 N 2 .
- As the raw material compound containing the element M one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the element M in the manufacturing method is not particularly limited as long as it is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P, Zr, and Ti. .
- the element M is Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P from the viewpoint of more reliably suppressing the discharge of N out of the system in the production process of the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the element M is more preferably any of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, and B.
- the element M is more preferably any one of Al, Si, and B because it is easily available.
- the element M may be Al.
- a raw material compound containing N for example, Li 3 N, PN, P 3 N 5 , S 4 N 4 , S 2 N 2 , S 4 N 2 and the like can be mentioned. Among them, Li 3 N is preferable.
- the raw material compound containing N one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- Examples of the raw material compound containing Li include Li 2 S, Li 2 O, Li 3 N, Li 2 CO 3 , and lithium metal. Among them, Li 2 S is preferable.
- the raw material compound containing Li one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- a raw material compound containing P (also referred to as a P compound), for example, P 2 S 3 , P 2 S 5 , P 2 O 5 , P 3 N 5 , simple phosphorus and the like can be mentioned. Among these, P 2 S 3 and P 2 S 5 are preferred, and P 2 S 5 is particularly preferred.
- the raw material compound containing P one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- Examples of the raw material compound containing S include Li 2 S, P 2 S 3 , P 2 S 5 , a sulfide of the element M, elemental sulfur, and the like.
- the raw material compound containing S one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the composition preferably contains a Li compound, a P compound, and a Li-MN-containing compound, and more preferably at least one of the Li compound and the P compound contains S.
- a Li compound, a P compound, and a Li-MN-containing compound lithium sulfide, phosphorus sulfide, and the general formula Li ⁇ M ⁇ N ( ⁇ and ⁇ give stoichiometric ratios depending on the type of the element M) It is more preferred to include a compound represented by the following formula:
- the composition preferably satisfies the following formulas at the same time in terms of the element ratio in a mixed state.
- Li / P and the N / P both satisfy the following formulas at the same time. 2.77 ⁇ Li / P ⁇ 3.38 0.280 ⁇ N / P ⁇ 0.650
- the molar ratio of each of Li, P, S, N, and the element M is represented by the general formula (100-z) (yLi 2 S ⁇ (1-y) P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ zLi ⁇ It is preferable that M ⁇ N (where 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 40, 0.50 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.75, and ⁇ and ⁇ are numerical values that give stoichiometric ratios depending on the type of the element M). According to this, a sulfide solid electrolyte having excellent atmospheric stability and ionic conductivity at 25 ° C. can be produced. Note that the above general formula shows the content ratio of Li, S, P, N, and the element M, and that the composition is composed of Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and Li ⁇ M ⁇ N. It does not specify.
- Z in the above general formula is preferably more than 0 and 40 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 30 or less.
- z in the above general formula is within the above range, a sulfide solid electrolyte having excellent atmospheric stability and ionic conductivity can be produced. Further, when 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 30, a sulfide solid electrolyte having an increased ionic conductivity at 25 ° C. can be produced.
- 10 ⁇ z ⁇ 40 so-called crosslinked sulfur P 2 S 7 4- (S 3 P—S—PS 3 ) that is unstable in the atmosphere is reduced, and Li 2 S that easily reacts with water is substantially reduced. It is possible to produce a sulfide solid electrolyte that is not contained and has excellent atmospheric stability.
- Y in the above general formula is preferably 0.50 or more and 0.75 or less, more preferably 0.67 or more and 0.70 or less.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte having an increased ionic conductivity at 25 ° C. can be produced.
- ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ in the above general formula are numerical values that give stoichiometric ratios according to the type of the element M.
- the values of ⁇ and ⁇ are not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.80 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3.0 and 0.10 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.2.
- reaction process In this step, a composition containing Li, P, S, N, and the element M is subjected to mechanical milling to react the composition to obtain an intermediate.
- the means for obtaining the intermediate is not limited to this, and may be obtained by another method. For example, in FIG. 1, instead of mechanical milling, a melt quenching method or the like may be performed.
- the mechanical milling may be either a dry milling or a wet milling, but is preferably a wet milling because the raw material compounds can be more uniformly mixed.
- Examples of the mechanical milling include a container driving mill, a medium stirring mill, milling using a high-speed rotary pulverizer, a roller mill, a jet mill, and the like.
- Examples of the container-driven mill include a rotary mill, a vibration mill, and a planetary mill.
- Examples of the medium stirring mill include an attritor and a bead mill.
- milling by a high-speed rotary crusher include a hammer mill and a pin mill.
- a container-driven mill is preferable, and a planetary mill is particularly preferable.
- the intermediate obtained in the reaction step may have a crystal structure, but is preferably a so-called sulfide glass.
- “Sulfide glass” means a sulfide solid electrolyte having an amorphous structure.
- a crystal phase having low atmospheric stability such as Li 2 S is small, and a sulfide solid electrolyte in which N, element M, and the like are highly dispersed can be obtained.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte is produced by heat-treating the intermediate at a temperature equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature.
- the heat treatment may be performed in a reduced-pressure atmosphere or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the crystallization temperature can be determined by measurement with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 250 ° C. or more and 400 ° C. or less, and in order to obtain a ⁇ -Li 3 PS 4 crystal structure, the heat treatment temperature is 200 ° C. It is preferable that the temperature is not less than 400 ° C.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably from 250 ° C to 400 ° C. This is because when heat treatment is performed at a high temperature such as 500 ° C., there is a possibility that a phase transition occurs to Li 4 P 2 S 6 which is a stable phase.
- the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be carried out in various modes other than the above-mentioned modes.
- the Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -based sulfide solid electrolyte has been described as an example. You may.
- Examples of the LGPS type sulfide solid electrolyte include Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 and the like.
- Examples of the aldirodite type sulfide solid electrolyte include Li 6 PS 5 Cl.
- an embodiment of manufacturing an LGPS-type sulfide solid electrolyte will be described.
- a raw material compound containing Ge By adding a raw material compound containing Ge to the composition in the preparation step, an LGPS-type sulfide solid electrolyte can be produced.
- the raw material compound containing Ge for example, GeS 2, and the like.
- the composition preferably satisfies the following formula at the same time in terms of element ratio in molar ratio.
- Modification 2 As a second modification, an embodiment of manufacturing a sulfide solid electrolyte having a crystal structure containing Li, P, S, N, the element X, and the element M as constituent elements will be described.
- X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte containing Li, P, S, N, the element X, and the element M and having crystallinity is manufactured. According to this, a sulfide solid electrolyte having HICP and having improved thermal stability of HICP can be manufactured.
- Examples of the lithium halide include LiCl, LiBr, and LiI.
- Examples of the sulfur halide include SCl 2 , S 2 Cl 2 , SBr 2 , S 2 Br 2 , SI 2 , and S 2 I 2 .
- the phosphorus halides for example, PCl 3, PCl 5, POCl 3, PBr 3, PBr 5, POBr 3, PI 3, PCI 4, P 2 I 4 , and the like.
- the halide of the element M for example, AlBr 3, BBr 3, AlCl 3, AlBr 3, AlI 3, SiCl 3, SiCl 4, SiBr 4, SiI 4, SiBrI 3, SiBr 2 I 2, SiBr 3 I, BCl 3 , BBr 3 , BI 3 and the like can be mentioned.
- lithium halide and phosphorus halide are preferred, and lithium halide is more preferred.
- the lithium halide LiBr and LiI are preferable.
- the raw material compound containing the element X one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. Further, the composition may contain one kind of element X alone or two or more kinds. In particular, from the viewpoint of increasing the ionic conductivity at 25 ° C., it is preferable to contain Br or I alone as the element X, and it is more preferable to contain Br alone. It is also preferred that Br and I are simultaneously contained.
- the content of Br with respect to the total amount of Br and I in the composition is preferably 1 mol% or more and 99 mol% or less, and more preferably 5 mol% or more. More preferably, it is at most 80 mol%.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte When the sulfide solid electrolyte has a high Li content, Li 2 S precipitates, so that the air stability is reduced. When the Li content is low, HICP may not be precipitated. If the content of N is large, Li 2 S is precipitated, so that the atmospheric stability is reduced. If the content is small, the effect of containing N may not be sufficiently exhibited. Further, when the content of the element X is large, the crystal phase of lithium halide may remain in the sulfide solid electrolyte to lower the ionic conductivity. There is a possibility that the effect cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
- the element ratio in the mixed state simultaneously satisfies the following formulas in a molar ratio. 3.10 ⁇ Li / P ⁇ 4.20 0.0600 ⁇ N / P ⁇ 0.750 0.180 ⁇ X / P ⁇ 1.30 It is more preferable that the Li / P and the N / P, and the X / P satisfy the following expressions at the same time. 3.10 ⁇ Li / P ⁇ 3.90 0.0900 ⁇ N / P ⁇ 0.750 0.180 ⁇ X / P ⁇ 1.00
- the molar ratio of each of Li, P, S, N, the element X, and the element M is represented by the general formula (100-z) ⁇ (1-y) [xLi 2 S ⁇ (1-x) P 2 S 5 ] ⁇ yLi ⁇ M ⁇ N ⁇ ⁇ zLiX (where 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50, 5 ⁇ z ⁇ 40, and ⁇ and ⁇ depend on the type of the element M)
- X, y, and z are preferably 0.67 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.73, 0.10 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.30, and 10 ⁇ z ⁇ More preferably, it is 30.
- the thermal stability of HICP can be improved.
- the general formula is (100-z 1 -z 2 ) ⁇ (1-y) [xLi 2 S. (1- x) P 2 S 5 ] ⁇ yLi ⁇ M ⁇ N ⁇ ⁇ z 1 LiX 1 ⁇ z 2 LiX 2 (provided that 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50, 5 ⁇ (z 1 + Z 2 ) ⁇ 40, and ⁇ and ⁇ are numerical values that give stoichiometric ratios according to the type of the element M.
- x, y, z 1 and z 2 are each set to 0. It is preferable that 67 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.73, 0.10 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.30, and 10 ⁇ (z 1 + z 2 ) ⁇ 30.
- the above general formula shows the content ratio of Li, S, P, N, the element M, and the element X, and the composition contains Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , Li ⁇ M ⁇ N, And LiX.
- x, y, and z are preferably 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50, and 5 ⁇ z ⁇ 40, respectively, and 0.60 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.75, 0 0.050 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.40, more preferably 10 ⁇ z ⁇ 30, even more preferably 0.67 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.73, 0.10 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.30, and 15 ⁇ z ⁇ 25. .
- the raw materials used in the reaction step of Modification 2 preferably include a Li compound, a P compound, a halogen compound, and a Li-MN-containing compound, and at least one of the Li compound and the P compound contains an S element. It is more preferable.
- the Li compound, the P compound, the halogenated compound, and the Li-MN-containing compound lithium sulfide, phosphorus sulfide, lithium halide, and a general formula Li ⁇ M ⁇ N ( ⁇ and ⁇ are elements It is a numerical value that gives a stoichiometric ratio according to the type of M).
- the intermediate is heat-treated at a temperature higher than the crystallization temperature to produce a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the heat treatment may be performed in a reduced pressure atmosphere or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the crystallization temperature can be determined by measurement with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- the lower limit of the heat treatment temperature is preferably a higher generation temperature T H of the HICP.
- the upper limit of the heat treatment temperature is preferable to be less beta-Li 3 forming temperature of PS 4 T beta, more preferably a less formation temperature T C of the product temperature T L or a specific crystal structure C of LiCp.
- T H, T L, T C and T beta can be determined by XRD measurements.
- T beta -T H is preferable to be T ⁇ -T H ⁇ 40 °C, more preferable to be T ⁇ -T H ⁇ 50 °C, T ⁇ - More preferably, T H ⁇ 60 ° C., and particularly preferably, T ⁇ -T H ⁇ 70 ° C.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte manufactured in Modification 2 has a wide heat treatment temperature range where the ionic conductivity does not decrease. That is, in the heat treatment step, even if the heat treatment temperature deviates from the intended temperature, there is little possibility that the ionic conductivity of the manufactured sulfide solid electrolyte is reduced. Therefore, according to the embodiment of Modification 2, there is an advantage that a sulfide solid electrolyte having high ionic conductivity can be manufactured without requiring strict temperature control in the heat treatment step.
- This crystal structure is a crystal phase described in Patent Document 2 and the like, and has a high Li ion conductivity.
- This crystal structure is a crystal phase described in Patent Literature 2 and the like, and has a low Li ion conductivity.
- X X-ray diffraction measurement using CuK ⁇ radiation in this specification is performed by the following procedure.
- An airtight sample holder for X-ray diffraction measurement is filled with the solid electrolyte powder to be measured in an argon atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or less.
- the powder X-ray diffraction measurement is performed using an X-ray diffractometer (“MiniFlex II” manufactured by Rigaku).
- the X-ray source is CuK ⁇ ray
- the tube voltage is 30 kV
- the tube current is 15 mA
- the diffracted X-ray is detected by a high-speed one-dimensional detector (model number: D / teX Ultra 2) through a K ⁇ filter having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m.
- the sampling width is 0.01 °
- the scan speed is 5 ° / min
- the divergence slit width is 0.625 °
- the light receiving slit width is 13 mm (OPEN)
- the scattering slit width is 8 mm.
- the starting compounds are selected according to the procedures shown in (1) to (3).
- a candidate material containing N, the element A ′, and the element M ′, and the first adjacent atom of the element A ′ and the element M ′ is N is selected.
- First-principles calculation is an ab initio calculation method that predicts physical properties.
- a method that can calculate the total energy of a model including an atom whose atomic number and spatial coordinates are known, and the energy band structure of electrons. It is. By calculating the force acting on the atoms, the structure can be optimized, and the lattice constant, the stable structure at 0K, the band gap, and the like can be calculated.
- the calculation methods can be roughly classified into two types: a "wave function theory” system and a "density functional theory” system. The calculation method used in the present specification is based on density functional theory.
- the defect generation energy E Ndefect of N is an energy value required for desorbing N from the crystal structure to generate a defect.
- the defect generation energy of N is a value calculated using the total energy E perfect of a crystal structure containing no defects, the total energy E Nvacancy of a crystal structure containing N defects, and the chemical potential ⁇ N of N atoms. And is defined by the following equation (1).
- E Ndefect (E Nvacancy + ⁇ N) - E perfect formula (1) That is, the procedure for calculating the defect generation energy E Ndefect of N is as follows. (A) Obtain the composition and crystal structure of the candidate material. (B) Calculate the chemical potential ⁇ N of N atoms to be eliminated as defects.
- the total energy E perfect of the crystal structure containing no defect is calculated by a structure optimization calculation.
- the total energy E Nvacancy of the crystal structure including the N defect is calculated by a structure optimization calculation.
- E Calculate the defect generation energy E Ndefect of N according to the equation (1). When there are a plurality of occupied sites of N in the crystal structure of the candidate material, E Ndefect is calculated for each of the occupied sites of N, and the lowest value is used as the E Ndefect of the candidate material.
- the composition and crystal structure of the candidate material can be arbitrarily selected from those available from known publications and databases.
- the candidate material is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing N, the element A ′, and the element M ′, but is preferably a compound that is stable at normal temperature and normal pressure.
- the element A ' is a metal element.
- the element M ′ is an element other than nitrogen belonging to any of Groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table, and is an element different from the element A ′.
- N is a nitrogen element.
- the element A ′ is not particularly limited, but is preferably any of an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, and an aluminum element, and is at least one selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Al. More preferably, it is even more preferably Li. This facilitates operating the sulfide solid electrolyte as a battery.
- Li ⁇ M' ⁇ N ( ⁇ and beta is a value giving a stoichiometric ratio in accordance with the type of the element M) candidate material represented by, and the Li 3 N, produces defects N Energy was calculated. That is, Li was selected as the element A '.
- element M ′, B, Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, Sr, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, In, Sn, Ce, Hf, Ta, and C were evaluated.
- the calculation software Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) was used. The calculation conditions are as follows.
- the k point was set such that the value of k-resolution was about 1000.
- k-resolution is the product of the number of atoms in the model and the k points in the a, b, and c axis directions.
- Cut-off energy of plane wave basis function 520 eV
- Approximation method of exchange correlation interaction GGA + U Pseudopotential: PAW (PBEsol)
- k point k-resolution $ 1000
- the 3d orbital is the outermost orbital, and the transition metal element V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, which is a transition metal element in which the 3d orbital is not a closed shell and has an electron in the 3d orbital in the state of a cation having a stable valence.
- Hubbard U eff values shown in Table 1 were used as calculation conditions. Thus, the localization effect of electrons in the d orbitals was reflected in the calculation. Hubbard U eff values shown in Table 1 are quoted from the calculation conditions of the first principle calculation performed in the crystal structure database Materials Project (https://materialsproject.org/#search/materials) (2019). (As of August 22, 2008). U eff values were obtained by searching the database for materials containing V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni.
- the calculation model cell in order to reduce the interaction between N defects, is set such that the lattice constants a, b, and c are all about 10 ° within a range where the total number of atoms does not exceed 200. Designed. Table 2 shows lattice constants used for calculation of some candidate materials.
- Table 3 shows the element M ′, the chemical composition of each candidate material, and the defect generation energy E Ndefect of N.
- the defect generation energy E Ndefect of N in Li 3 N in which N defects are easily generated is 2.94 eV.
- V, Y, Ga, Ca , Ce, Sn, Zn, Ge, Cr, Mn, Sr, In, Co, Ni each element of Fe is, Li ⁇ M' ⁇ defect formation energy of N in N E Ndefect Is as small as 3.88 eV or less. Therefore, in a candidate material containing any of V, Y, Ga, Ca, Ce, Sn, Zn, Ge, Cr, Mn, Sr, In, Co, Ni, and Fe as the element M ′, N defects are generated.
- each element of Al, Ta, Si, Sc, Mg, Nb, B, Hf, C, P, Zr, and Ti has a defect generation energy E Ndefect of N in Li ⁇ M ′ ⁇ N of 4.00 eV or more. It turns out that it is big.
- the defect generation energy E Ndefect of N of the candidate material is 4.00 eV or more, preferably 4.10 eV or more, more preferably 4.20 eV or more, and more preferably 4.30 eV. Is more preferable, and particularly preferably 4.35 eV or more.
- the element A ' may be a metal element.
- a candidate material containing any of Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Al is selected, and a raw material compound is selected using the first principle calculation. You may.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte according to one embodiment of the present invention is a composition containing P, S, N, element A, and element M, and prepares a raw material compound containing N, element A, and element M. And reacting the composition to obtain an intermediate, and heating the intermediate to obtain a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte will be described with reference to an example in which Li is contained as the element A.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte has a crystal structure. “Having a crystal structure” means that a peak derived from the crystal structure of the sulfide solid electrolyte is observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern in the X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may include an amorphous part.
- Examples of the crystal structure of the sulfide solid electrolyte include HICP, LGPS type, aldirodite type, Li 7 P 3 S 11 and Thio-LISICON type.
- HICP in view of lithium ion conductivity, LGPS type, Arujirodaito type, and Li 7 P 3 S 11 are preferred, Li 7 P 3 due to its high stability against Li Among these S 11 is more preferred.
- the first crystal structure has a diffraction peak at 8 ° ⁇ 0.5 °.
- the diffraction peak in the first crystal structure may have the range of 2 ⁇ in the range of ⁇ 0.3 ° or in the range of ⁇ 0.1 °.
- LGPS-type sulfide solid electrolyte examples include Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 and the like.
- Examples of the aldirodite type sulfide solid electrolyte include Li 6 PS 5 Cl.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte preferably contains an anion structure having a so-called ortho composition as a main component.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte is Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 based solid electrolyte preferably contains a PS 4 3- structure as a main component.
- the “main component” means that the ratio of a specific component to all components is 50 mol% or more.
- the content of the anion structure having an ortho composition with respect to all anion structures constituting the sulfide solid electrolyte is 50 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%, and 60 mol % To less than 100 mol%, more preferably 70 mol% to less than 100 mol%, more preferably 80 mol% to less than 100 mol%, particularly preferably 90 mol% to less than 100 mol%.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte preferably does not substantially contain crosslinked sulfur. Since crosslinked sulfur reacts with water to generate hydrogen sulfide, atmospheric stability can be improved by not containing crosslinked sulfur substantially.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte is a Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -based solid electrolyte, it is preferable that the sulfide solid electrolyte does not substantially contain the S 3 PS—PS 3 structure.
- Substantially no cross-linking sulfur can be confirmed by the fact that no peak corresponding to the cross-linking sulfur structure is detected when Raman spectroscopy is measured with a laser having an excitation wavelength of 532 nm.
- the fact that it does not substantially contain the S 3 P—S—PS 3 structure can be confirmed by the fact that no peak is detected at 402 cm ⁇ 1 when a Raman spectrum is measured with a laser having an excitation wavelength of 532 nm.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may contain a small amount of crosslinked sulfur.
- the ratio I P / I O of the intensity I P of the peak attributed to the crosslinking sulfur at most 0.7
- it is 0.5 or less, more preferably 0.35 or less.
- sulfide solid electrolyte is Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 based solid electrolyte
- a peak intensity at 417 cm -1 derived PS 4 3- structure is equivalent to the I O
- S 3 P-S- peak intensity at 402 cm -1 derived from a PS 3 structure is equivalent to the I P.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte does not substantially contain Li 2 S. Since Li 2 S reacts with water to generate hydrogen sulfide, atmospheric stability can be improved by not containing Li 2 S substantially.
- the element ratio of the sulfide solid electrolyte simultaneously satisfies the following formulas in a molar ratio.
- Li / P and the N / P both satisfy the following formulas at the same time. 2.77 ⁇ Li / P ⁇ 3.38 0.280 ⁇ N / P ⁇ 0.650
- the general formula (100-z) (yLi 2 S ⁇ (1-y) P 2 S 5) ⁇ zLi ⁇ M ⁇ N (where, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 40,0.50 ⁇ y .Ltoreq.0.75, and .alpha. And .beta. are numerical values giving stoichiometric ratios according to the type of the element M).
- the sulfide solid electrolyte has the composition represented by the above general formula, the atmospheric stability and the ionic conductivity at 25 ° C. can be improved. Note that the above general formula shows the content ratio of Li, S, P, N, and the element M, and that the composition is composed of Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and Li ⁇ M ⁇ N. It does not specify.
- the lower limit of the ionic conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte at 25 ° C. is preferably 0.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm, and 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ S / cm. 3 S / cm is more preferred.
- the rate characteristics of the all solid state battery can be improved.
- the ionic conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte at 25 ° C. is determined by measuring the AC impedance by the following method.
- 120 mg of the sample powder is charged into a powder molding machine having an inner diameter of 10 mm, and then subjected to uniaxial pressure molding using a hydraulic press at a pressure per sample area of 50 MPa or less.
- SUS316L powder is charged as a current collector on the upper and lower surfaces of the sample, and then uniaxially pressed at a pressure of 360 MPa per pellet area for 5 minutes to obtain a pellet for ion conductivity measurement.
- the pellet for ion conductivity measurement is inserted into an HS cell manufactured by Hosen Co., Ltd., and AC impedance measurement is performed.
- the measurement conditions are an applied voltage amplitude of 20 mV, a frequency range of 1 MHz to 100 mHz, and a measurement temperature of 25 ° C.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte can be suitably used as a solid electrolyte of an all-solid battery.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte according to another embodiment of the present invention contains Li, P, S, N, element X, and element M.
- Element X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may contain one element selected from the group consisting of Al, B, and Si as the element M, or may contain Al as the element M.
- Li 2 S When the Li content is large, Li 2 S is precipitated in the sulfide solid electrolyte, so that the air stability is reduced. When the Li content is small, HICP may not be precipitated. If the content of N is large, Li 2 S is precipitated, so that the atmospheric stability is reduced. If the content is small, the effect of containing N may not be sufficiently exhibited. Further, when the content of the element X is large, the crystal phase of lithium halide may remain in the sulfide solid electrolyte to lower the ionic conductivity. There is a possibility that the effect cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte has a Li content ratio Li / P with respect to the P, a N content ratio N / P with respect to the P, and a X content ratio X / P with respect to the P, It is preferable that the following formulas are simultaneously satisfied in each molar ratio. 3.10 ⁇ Li / P ⁇ 4.20 0.0600 ⁇ N / P ⁇ 0.750 0.180 ⁇ X / P ⁇ 1.30 In addition, it is more preferable that the Li / P, the N / P, and the X / P both satisfy the following expressions at the same time. 3.10 ⁇ Li / P ⁇ 3.90 0.0900 ⁇ N / P ⁇ 0.750 0.180 ⁇ X / P ⁇ 1.00
- x, y and z are more preferably 0.67 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.73, 0.10 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.30, and 10 ⁇ z ⁇ 30, respectively.
- the thermal stability of HICP can be improved.
- the above general formula is expressed as (100 ⁇ z 1 ⁇ z 2 ) ⁇ (1-y) [xLi 2 S ⁇ (1-x) P 2 S 5] ⁇ yLi ⁇ M ⁇ N ⁇ ⁇ z 1 LiX 1 ⁇ z 2 LiX 2 ( where, 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80,0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50,5 ⁇ (Z 1 + z 2 ) ⁇ 40, ⁇ and ⁇ are numerical values that give stoichiometric ratios according to the type of the element M.
- x, y, z 1 and z 2 are It is preferable that 0.67 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.73, 0.10 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.30, and 10 ⁇ (z 1 + z 2 ) ⁇ 30, respectively.
- the above general formula shows the content ratio of Li, S, P, N, the element M, and the element X, and the composition contains Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , Li ⁇ M ⁇ N, And LiX.
- x, y, and z are preferably 0.50 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50, and 5 ⁇ z ⁇ 40, respectively, and 0.60 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.75, 0 0.050 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.40, more preferably 10 ⁇ z ⁇ 30, even more preferably 0.67 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.73, 0.10 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.30, and 15 ⁇ z ⁇ 25. .
- the sulfide solid electrolyte preferably contains Br or I alone as the element X, and more preferably contains Br alone. It is also preferred that Br and I are simultaneously contained.
- the content of Br with respect to the total amount of Br and I contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte is preferably 1 mol% or more and 99 mol% or less, and more preferably 5 mol% or more and 80 mol. % Or less is more preferable.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may contain a small amount of LICP.
- the diffraction peak intensity ratio I L / I H indicates the abundance ratio of HICP and LICP contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte. In other words, a small diffraction peak intensity ratio I L / I H indicates that the amount of LICP is relatively small compared to HICP.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of Embodiment 2 has an ion conductivity at 25 ° C. of preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm or more, more preferably 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm or more. It is more preferably at least 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm, particularly preferably at least 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm. With the above configuration, the high-rate discharge performance of an all-solid-state battery including the sulfide solid electrolyte can be improved.
- the all-solid-state battery includes a negative electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a positive electrode layer.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing the all-solid-state battery in one embodiment of the present invention.
- an all-solid-state battery 10 as a secondary battery, a negative electrode layer 1 and a positive electrode layer 2 are arranged via a solid electrolyte layer 3.
- the negative electrode layer 1 has a negative electrode substrate layer 4 and a negative electrode mixture layer 5, and the negative electrode substrate layer 4 is the outermost layer of the negative electrode layer 1.
- the positive electrode layer 2 has a positive electrode substrate layer 7 and a positive electrode mixture layer 6, and the positive electrode substrate layer 7 is the outermost layer of the positive electrode layer 2.
- the negative electrode layer 1, the solid electrolyte layer 3, the positive electrode layer 2, or a combination thereof contains the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the all-solid-state battery has excellent initial coulomb efficiency because the negative electrode layer 1, the solid electrolyte layer 3, the positive electrode layer 2, or a combination thereof contains the sulfide solid electrolyte. Since the sulfide solid electrolyte has excellent reduction resistance, it is preferable that the negative electrode layer 1 and / or the solid electrolyte layer 3 contain the sulfide solid electrolyte. With the above configuration, the effects of the present invention are further improved.
- the all-solid-state battery may use a solid electrolyte other than the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the other solid electrolyte may be a sulfide solid electrolyte other than the sulfide solid electrolyte, or may be an oxide solid electrolyte, a dry polymer electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, or a pseudo solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte other than the sulfide solid electrolyte it is preferable high Li ion conductivity, for example, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -LiI, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -LiCl, Li 2 S -P 2 S 5 -LiBr, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -Li 2 O, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -Li 2 O-LiI, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 —Li 3 N, Li 2 S—SiS 2 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiI, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiBr, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiCl, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —B 2 S 3 —LiI, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —P 2 S 5 —LiI, Li 2 SB—S 2 S 3 , Li 2 SP—P 2 S
- Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 and the like are preferable.
- xLi 2 S ⁇ (100-x) P 2 S 5 (70 ⁇ x ⁇ 80) is preferable.
- the negative electrode layer 1 includes a negative electrode substrate layer 4 and a negative electrode mixture layer 5 laminated on the surface of the negative electrode substrate layer 4.
- the negative electrode layer 1 may have an intermediate layer (not shown) between the negative electrode base material layer 4 and the negative electrode mixture layer 5.
- the negative electrode substrate layer 4 is a layer having conductivity.
- the material of the negative electrode substrate layer 4 is not limited as long as it is a conductor.
- copper, aluminum, titanium, nickel, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, zinc, tungsten, bismuth, antimony, gold, silver, iron, platinum, chromium, tin, indium and alloys containing at least one of these and stainless steel alloys At least one metal selected from the group consisting of:
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the negative electrode substrate layer 4 is preferably 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 8 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the negative electrode substrate layer 4 is preferably 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 50 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 5 can be formed from a so-called negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode mixture may contain a negative electrode mixture or a negative electrode composite including the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the negative electrode mixture optionally includes optional components such as a solid electrolyte other than the sulfide solid electrolyte, a conductive agent, a binder, and a filler.
- Negative electrode active material As the negative electrode active material, usually, a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions is used.
- Specific negative electrode active materials include, for example, metal lithium; metals or semimetals such as Si and Sn; metal oxides or semimetal oxides such as Si oxide and Sn oxide; polyphosphate compounds; graphite (graphite). And carbon materials such as non-graphitic carbon (easy graphitizable carbon or hardly graphitizable carbon); and lithium metal composite oxides such as lithium titanate.
- the lower limit of the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture is preferably 10% by mass, and more preferably 15% by mass.
- the upper limit of the content of the negative electrode active material is preferably 60% by mass, more preferably 70% by mass, further preferably 80% by mass, particularly preferably 90% by mass, and may be 95% by mass.
- the negative electrode mixture is a mixture produced by mixing the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte by mechanical milling or the like.
- a mixture of the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte can be obtained by mixing the particulate negative electrode active material and the particulate sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the negative electrode composite include a composite having a chemical or physical bond between the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte, a composite in which the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte are mechanically composited, and the like. Is mentioned.
- the composite is a composite in which the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte are present in one particle.
- a composite in which the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte form an aggregated state A substance in which the sulfide solid electrolyte-containing film is formed on at least a part of the surface of the substance is exemplified.
- the negative electrode mixture or the negative electrode composite may contain a solid electrolyte other than the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the lower limit of the content of the solid electrolyte in the negative electrode mixture may be 5% by mass, preferably 10% by mass.
- the upper limit of the content of the solid electrolyte in the negative electrode mixture is preferably 90% by mass, more preferably 85% by mass, further preferably 80% by mass, and particularly preferably 75% by mass.
- the conductive agent is not particularly limited.
- examples of such a conductive agent include natural or artificial graphite, furnace black, acetylene black, carbon black such as Ketjen black, metal, and conductive ceramics.
- Examples of the shape of the conductive agent include powder, fiber, and the like.
- the content of the conductive agent in the negative electrode mixture can be, for example, 0.5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- the negative electrode mixture may not contain a conductive agent.
- the binder is not particularly limited.
- thermoplastic resins such as fluororesins (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc.), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylic acid; ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene Elastomers such as butadiene rubber (SBR) and fluororubber; and polysaccharide polymers.
- fluororesins polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
- SBR butadiene rubber
- fluororubber saccharide polymers
- the filler is not particularly limited.
- the main components of the filler include polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, silica, alumina, zeolite, glass, carbon, and the like.
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 5 is preferably 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 5 is preferably 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 500 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 200 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate layer is a coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode substrate layer 4, and reduces contact resistance between the negative electrode substrate layer 4 and the negative electrode mixture layer 5 by containing conductive particles such as carbon particles.
- the configuration of the intermediate layer is not particularly limited.
- the intermediate layer can be formed of a composition containing a resin binder and conductive particles.
- the positive electrode layer 2 includes a positive electrode substrate layer 7 and a positive electrode mixture layer 6 laminated on the surface of the positive electrode substrate layer 7.
- the positive electrode layer 2 may have an intermediate layer between the positive electrode base material layer 7 and the positive electrode mixture layer 6, similarly to the negative electrode layer 1. This intermediate layer can have the same configuration as the intermediate layer of the negative electrode layer 1.
- the positive electrode substrate layer 7 can have the same configuration as the negative electrode substrate layer 4.
- the material of the positive electrode substrate layer 7 is not limited as long as it is a conductor.
- One or more metals selected from the group consisting of alloys can be mentioned.
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the positive electrode base material layer 7 is preferably 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the positive electrode substrate layer 7 is preferably 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 50 ⁇ m.
- the strength of the positive electrode substrate layer 7 can be sufficiently increased, so that the positive electrode layer 2 can be favorably formed.
- the volume of other components can be sufficiently ensured.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 6 can be formed from a so-called positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode mixture may contain a positive electrode mixture or a positive electrode composite containing a positive electrode active material and a solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may be used as the solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode mixture forming the positive electrode mixture layer 6 includes optional components such as a solid electrolyte, a conductive agent, a binder, and a filler, if necessary, similarly to the negative electrode mixture. Note that the positive electrode mixture layer may be in a form that does not include a solid electrolyte.
- ⁇ Positive electrode active material As the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 6, a known material usually used for an all solid state battery can be used.
- the positive electrode active material for example, a composite oxide (Li x CoO 2 or Li x NiO having a layered ⁇ -NaFeO 2 type crystal structure) represented by Li x MeO y (Me represents at least one transition metal) 2, Li x MnO 3, Li x Ni ⁇ Co (1- ⁇ ) O 2, Li x Ni ⁇ Mn ⁇ Co (1- ⁇ - ⁇ ) O 2 , etc., Li x Mn 2 O 4 having a spinel type crystal structure , Li x Ni ⁇ Mn (2 - ⁇ ) O 4 , etc.), Li w Me x (AO y) z (Me represents at least one transition metal, a represents for example P, Si, B, and V, etc.) (LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , LiCoPO
- Li-Al, Li-In, Li-Sn, Li-Pb, Li-Bi, Li-Ga, Li-Sr, Li-Si, Li-Zn, Li-Cd, Li-Ca, MnO 2 other than the compounds represented by lithium alloy and the general formula such as li-Ba, FeO 2, TiO 2, V 2 O 5, V 6 O 13, TiS 2, etc., than the redox potential anode material Noble materials can be used.
- the lower limit of the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture is preferably 10% by mass, and more preferably 15% by mass.
- the upper limit of the content of the positive electrode active material is preferably 60% by mass, more preferably 70% by mass, further preferably 80% by mass, particularly preferably 90% by mass, and may be 95% by mass.
- the positive electrode mixture is a mixture prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a solid electrolyte, and the like by mechanical milling or the like, as in the case of the negative electrode.
- a mixture of a positive electrode active material and a solid electrolyte can be obtained by mixing a particulate positive electrode active material, a particulate solid electrolyte, and the like.
- the positive electrode composite also has a chemical or physical bond between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte, as in the case of the negative electrode, and a composite in which the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte are mechanically composited. And the like.
- the composite is one in which the positive electrode active material, the solid electrolyte, and the like are present in one particle.
- the positive electrode active material, the solid electrolyte, and the like form an aggregated state, the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- examples include those in which a film containing a solid electrolyte or the like is formed at least partially.
- the positive electrode mixture or the positive electrode composite may contain a solid electrolyte other than the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the lower limit of the content of the solid electrolyte may be 5% by mass or 10% by mass.
- the upper limit of the solid electrolyte content in the positive electrode mixture is preferably 90% by mass, more preferably 85% by mass, further preferably 80% by mass, and particularly preferably 75% by mass.
- the lower limit of the average thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 6 is preferably 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 6 is preferably 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 500 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 200 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 6 is equal to or more than the lower limit, an all-solid-state battery having a high energy density can be obtained.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 6 By setting the average thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 6 to be equal to or less than the upper limit, it is possible to obtain an all-solid-state battery having a high-rate discharge performance and a negative electrode having a high active material utilization rate.
- the solid electrolyte layer 3 contains an electrolyte for a solid electrolyte layer.
- the solid electrolyte layer electrolyte include, in addition to the sulfide solid electrolyte described above, for example, an oxide solid electrolyte, other sulfide solid electrolytes, a dry polymer electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, and a pseudo solid electrolyte. .
- a sulfide solid electrolyte is preferable from the viewpoint of good ion conductivity and easy interface formation, and the sulfide solid electrolyte is more preferable. Since the solid electrolyte layer 3 contains the sulfide solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte layer can exhibit high ionic conductivity, so that the internal resistance of the all solid state battery can be reduced.
- the content of the sulfide solid electrolyte with respect to the total amount of the solid electrolyte contained in the all-solid-state battery is preferably from 50% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably from 70% by mass to 100% by mass, and more preferably 80% by mass. It is more preferably at least 100% by mass and more preferably at least 90% by mass and at most 100% by mass. In particular, it is preferable that the solid electrolyte contained in the all-solid-state battery is constituted only by the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte for the solid electrolyte layer may have a crystal structure, or may be amorphous without a crystal structure.
- An oxide such as Li 3 PO 4 , a halogen, a halogen compound, or the like may be added to the electrolyte for a solid electrolyte layer.
- the average thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 3 is preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably from 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the method for manufacturing the all-solid-state battery includes, for example, a sulfide solid electrolyte preparation step, a negative electrode mixture preparation step, an electrolyte preparation step for a solid electrolyte layer, a positive electrode mixture preparation step, a negative electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a positive electrode layer. And a laminating step of laminating.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte is produced by the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- a negative electrode mixture for forming a negative electrode layer is prepared.
- the negative electrode mixture contains a mixture or a composite containing the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte
- the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte are used. Mixing to produce a mixture or composite of the negative electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte layer electrolyte for forming the solid electrolyte layer is prepared.
- a predetermined material of the electrolyte for the solid electrolyte layer can be obtained by processing by a mechanical milling method.
- the solid electrolyte layer electrolyte may be produced by heating a predetermined material of the solid electrolyte layer electrolyte to a melting temperature or higher by a melt quenching method, melting and mixing the two at a predetermined ratio, and quenching.
- a positive electrode mixture for forming a positive electrode layer is prepared.
- the method for producing the positive electrode mixture is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, compression molding of the positive electrode active material, mechanical milling of a predetermined material of the positive electrode mixture, sputtering using a target material of the positive electrode active material, and the like can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode mixture contains a mixture or a composite containing the positive electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte
- the positive electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte are mixed using, for example, a mechanical milling method. Mixing to produce a mixture or composite of the positive electrode active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- a negative electrode layer having a negative electrode substrate layer and a negative electrode mixture layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a positive electrode layer having a positive electrode substrate layer and a positive electrode mixture layer are laminated.
- the negative electrode layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode layer may be formed sequentially or vice versa, and the order of forming each layer is not particularly limited.
- the negative electrode layer is formed by pressure-molding a negative electrode base material and a negative electrode mixture
- the solid electrolyte layer is formed by pressure-forming an electrolyte for a solid electrolyte layer
- the positive electrode layer is formed by a positive electrode base. It is formed by pressure molding the material and the positive electrode mixture.
- the negative electrode layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode layer may be laminated by press-molding the negative electrode substrate, the negative electrode mixture, the electrolyte for the solid electrolyte layer, the positive electrode substrate, and the positive electrode mixture at a time.
- the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, or these layers may be formed in advance, and may be laminated by pressure molding with the solid electrolyte layer.
- a raw material compound containing only N, Li, and the element M was described as an example of a raw material compound containing N, the element A, and the element M, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the raw material compound containing N, the element A, and the element M may further contain another element as long as the object of the present invention can be solved.
- the configuration of the all solid state battery according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and may include other layers other than the negative electrode layer, the positive electrode layer, and the solid electrolyte layer, such as an intermediate layer and an adhesive layer.
- Example 1 the method of manufacturing a sulfide solid electrolyte according to one embodiment of the present invention suppresses the discharge of N to the outside of the system. Show the effect.
- Example 1 The following process was synthesized 80 (0.70Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5) ⁇ 20Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N. (Preparation process) Li 3 N and AlN were weighed to a molar ratio of 1.2: 1, mixed in a mortar, and pelletized. Next, heat treatment was performed at 750 ° C. for 1 hour to produce Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N.
- Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N the main phase by XRD measurement was confirmed to be Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N.
- Li 2 S (99.98%, Aldrich), P 2 S 5 (99%, Aldrich) and Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N were dissolved in a glove box in an argon atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or less. After being weighed so that the ratio became 56:24:20, they were mixed in a mortar to prepare a composition containing Li, P, S, N, and Al. (Reaction process) The above composition was charged into a sealed 80 mL zirconia pot containing 160 g of zirconia balls having a diameter of 4 mm.
- a milling treatment was performed by a planetary ball mill (manufactured by FRITSCH, model number: Premium line P-7) at a revolution speed of 510 rpm for 45 hours to obtain an intermediate.
- the intermediate was heat-treated for 2 hours to obtain a sulfide solid electrolyte. This heat treatment was performed at a temperature not lower than the crystallization temperature but not higher than 100 ° C. from the crystallization temperature.
- the crystallization temperature was determined by measuring DSC. The DSC measurement was performed under the following conditions. That is, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 400 ° C.
- sample a Thermo Plus DSC8230, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- sample c Thermo Plus DSC8230, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- Example 2 Except that the preparation step were changed as follows in the same manner as in Example 1, was synthesized 80 (0.70Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5) ⁇ 20Li 3/2 B 1/2 N. (Preparation process) Li 3 N and BN were weighed to a molar ratio of 1.1: 1, mixed in a mortar, and pelletized. Next, heat treatment was performed at 800 ° C. for 10 minutes to produce Li 3/2 B 1 / 2N. Fabricated Li 3/2 B 1/2 N, the main phase by XRD measurement was confirmed to be Li 3/2 B 1/2 N.
- Li 2 S 99.98%, Aldrich
- P 2 S 5 99%, Aldrich
- Li 3/2 B 1/2 N Li 2 S (99.98%, Aldrich), P 2 S 5 (99%, Aldrich) and Li 3/2 B 1/2 N were dissolved in a glove box in an argon atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or less. After being weighed so as to have a ratio of 56:24:20, they were mixed in a mortar to prepare a composition containing Li, P, S, N, and B.
- Li 2 S 99.98%, Aldrich
- P 2 S 5 99%, Aldrich
- Li 7/4 V 1/4 N Li 2 S (99.98%, Aldrich), P 2 S 5 (99%, Aldrich) and Li 7/4 V 1/4 N were dissolved in a glove box in an argon atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or less. After being weighed so that the ratio became 56:24:20, they were mixed in a mortar to prepare a composition containing Li, P, S, N, and V.
- XRD X-ray diffraction measurement was performed by the following method. Using an airtight sample holder for X-ray diffraction measurement, the sulfide solid electrolyte powders of Examples and Comparative Examples were filled in an argon atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or less. The powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed using an X-ray diffractometer (“MiniFlex II” manufactured by Rigaku).
- the source was CuK ⁇ ray, the tube voltage was 30 kV, the tube current was 15 mA, and the diffracted X-ray was detected by a high-speed one-dimensional detector (model number: D / teX Ultra2) through a K ⁇ filter having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m.
- the sampling width was 0.01 °, the scan speed was 5 ° / min, the divergence slit width was 0.625 °, the light receiving slit width was 13 mm (OPEN), and the scattering slit width was 8 mm.
- Ionic conductivity ( ⁇ ) The ionic conductivity ( ⁇ 25 ) was obtained by measuring the ionic conductivity at 25 ° C. by using the “VMP-300” manufactured by (Bio-Logic) and measuring the AC impedance by the method described above. Further, for some examples and comparative examples, the ionic conductivities at respective temperatures of ⁇ 30 ° C., ⁇ 20 ° C., ⁇ 10 ° C., 0 ° C., and 50 ° C. were also measured, and the activation energy (E a) was determined by the Arrhenius equation. ) Was calculated.
- Table 4 shows the XRD patterns and the ionic conductivity ( ⁇ 25 ) at 25 ° C. of Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3.
- peaks were observed in the XRD spectra of the sulfide solid electrolytes of all Examples and Comparative Examples, and it was confirmed that the sulfide solid electrolytes had the specific crystal structure A.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1
- Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3
- Example 2 Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2
- the content of Li, B, Al, and P in the sample was determined using an ICP emission spectrometer. Further, for each of the samples of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the content of N in the sample was determined using an oxygen / nitrogen / hydrogen analyzer. From this analysis result, the rate of change of the content ratio of N in the sample was calculated. Table 5 shows the analysis results. In the table, “no change” indicates that the rate of change of the content ratio of N with respect to sample a was ⁇ 5% by mass or less.
- Table 5 shows that in Examples 1 and 2, the content ratios of N in the samples a, b, and c hardly changed. That is, in Example 1 and Example 2, the N content hardly changed even after the respective steps of the reaction step and the heat treatment step, indicating that the discharge of N to the outside of the system was suppressed.
- Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3 it can be seen that the content ratio of N in Samples a, b, and c decreases in the order of Sample a, Sample b, and Sample c. That is, in Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, the content of N decreases each time the reaction step and the heat treatment step are performed, and N is discharged out of the system.
- Example 3 By the following treatment, a sulfide solid represented by a composition formula 85 (0.80 (0.70 Li 2 S. 0.30 P 2 S 5 ) 0.20 Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) 10 LiBr 5 LiI The electrolyte was synthesized. Li 3 N and AlN were weighed to a molar ratio of 1.2: 1, mixed in a mortar, and pelletized. Next, heat treatment was performed at 750 ° C. for 1 hour to produce Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N.
- Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N the main phase by XRD measurement was confirmed to be Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N.
- Milling was performed for 45 hours at a revolution speed of 510 rpm using a planetary ball mill (manufactured by FRITSCH, model number: Premium line P-7). Heat treatment was performed at 245 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 3. This heat treatment temperature was set to be higher than the crystallization temperature and not higher than 100 ° C. from the crystallization temperature. The crystallization temperature was determined by taking out a part of the sample after the milling treatment and subjecting it to DSC measurement. The DSC measurement was performed under the following conditions. That is, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 400 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min using a DSC apparatus (Thermo Plus DSC8230, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) using a SUS closed pan.
- a DSC apparatus Thermo Plus DSC8230, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- Comparative Example 4 The composition of the sulfide solid electrolyte is 85 (0.75Li 2 S.0.25P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 10LiBr ⁇ 5LiI, 85 (0.72Li 2 S ⁇ 0.25P 2 S 5 ⁇ 0.020Li 3 N) ⁇
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the temperature was changed to 10LiBr.5LiI and the heat treatment temperature was set to 225 ° C.
- the composition of the sulfide solid electrolyte is 80 (0.80 (0.70 Li 2 S.0.30 P 2 S 5 ) 0.20 Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) 12 LiBr 8 LiI, 80 (0.70 (0.70 0.67Li 2 S ⁇ 0.33P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 0.30Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) ⁇ 12LiBr ⁇ 8LiI, 80 (0.80 (0.70Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5) ⁇ 0.20Li 3/2 B 1/2 N) ⁇ 12LiBr ⁇ 8LiI, 80 (0.80 (0.70Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 0.20Li 5/3 Si 1/3 N) ⁇ 12LiBr ⁇ 8LiI, 80 (0.6975Li 2 S ⁇ 0.25P 2 S 5 ⁇ 0.035Li 3 N) ⁇ 12LiBr ⁇ 8LiI, and the heat treatment temperature was 255 °
- Example 4 25 °C and then, except that the can in the same manner as in Example 3, was synthesized sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 4 to Example 7 and Comparative Example 6,.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 4 was synthesized in addition to the sample having the heat treatment temperature of 255 ° C. and the samples having the heat treatment temperatures of 215 ° C., 230 ° C., 275 ° C., 290 ° C., and 310 ° C.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 5 was synthesized in addition to the sample having the heat treatment temperature of 275 ° C., and the samples having the heat treatment temperatures of 235 ° C., 290 ° C., 310 ° C., and 330 ° C.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 6 was synthesized in addition to the sample having the heat treatment temperature of 270 ° C., and the samples having the heat treatment temperature of 230 ° C., 270 ° C., 290 ° C., 310 ° C., and 330 ° C.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 7 was synthesized in addition to the sample having the heat treatment temperature of 270 ° C.
- Example 4-1 to Example 4-6 Example 5-1 to Example 5-5, and Example 6-1 to Example Example 6-5, Examples 7-1 to 7-5, and Comparative Examples 6-1 to 6-3.
- Example 8 Comparative Example 7
- the composition of the sulfide solid electrolyte was 75 (0.80 (0.70 Li 2 S.0.30 P 2 S 5 ) 0.20 Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) 15 LiBr 10 LiI, 75 (0.72 Li 2 S.0.25P 2 S 5 .0.020Li 3 N) .15LiBr.10LiI, and the heat treatment temperature was set to 215 ° C. and 195 ° C., respectively.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 7 was synthesized.
- Examples 9 to 11, Comparative Example 8 The composition of the sulfide solid electrolyte is 90 (0.80 (0.70 Li 2 S.0.30 P 2 S 5 ) 0.20 Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) 10 LiBr, 80 (0.80 (0. 70Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 0.20Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) ⁇ 20LiBr, 70 (0.80 (0.70Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5) ⁇ 0.20Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) ⁇ 30LiBr, 90 ( changed to 0.72Li 2 S ⁇ 0.25P 2 S 5 ⁇ 0.020Li 3 N) ⁇ 10LiBr, respectively 265 ° C. the heat treatment temperature, 250 ° C., 240
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Example 9, Example 10, Example 11, and Comparative Example 8 were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the temperature was set at 225 ° C.
- Example 12 and 13 The composition of the sulfide solid electrolyte is 90 (0.80 (0.70 Li 2 S.0.30 P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 0.20 Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) ⁇ 10 LiI, 80 (0.80 (0. 7Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 0.20Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N) ⁇ 20LiI, and the same as Example 3 except that the heat treatment temperature was set to 255 ° C. and 240 ° C., respectively.
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Examples 12 and 13 were synthesized.
- Example 14 to 17 The composition of the sulfide solid electrolyte is 80 (0.97 (0.745 Li 2 S.0.255 P 2 S 5 ) .0.03 Li 3/2 B 1/2 N) .12 LiBr.8LiI, 80 (0.95 0.74Li 2 S ⁇ 0.26P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 0.05Li 3/2 B 1/2 N) ⁇ 12LiBr ⁇ 8LiI, 80 (0.90 (0.73Li 2 S ⁇ 0.27P 2 S 5) ⁇ 0.10Li 3/2 B 1/2 N) ⁇ 12LiBr ⁇ 8LiI, 80 (0.85 (0.715Li 2 S ⁇ 0.285P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 0.15Li 3/2 B 1/2 N)
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Examples 14 to 17 were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the temperature was changed to 12 LiBr / 8LiI and the heat treatment temperatures were each set to 250 ° C.
- Example 18 to 20 The composition of the sulfide solid electrolyte was 75 (0.80 (0.70 Li 2 S.0.30 P 2 S 5 ) 0.20 Li 3/2 B 1/2 N) 15 LiBr 10 LiI, 70 (0.80 ( 0.70Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ 0.20Li 3/2 B 1/2 N) ⁇ 17LiBr ⁇ 13LiI, 65 (0.80 (0.70Li 2 S ⁇ 0.30P 2 S 5) ⁇ 0.20Li 3/2 B 1/2 N) was changed to ⁇ 20LiBr ⁇ 15LiI, 230 °C heat treatment temperature, respectively, 195 ° C., except for a 185 ° C., in the same manner as in example 3, example 18 The sulfide solid electrolytes of Examples 20 to 20 were synthesized.
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Examples 3 to 20 have the general formula (100-z 1 -z 2 ) ⁇ (1-y) [xLi 2 S ⁇ (1-x) P 2 S 5 ] ⁇ yLi ⁇ M ⁇ N ⁇ ⁇ z 1 LiX 1 ⁇ z 2 LiX 2
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Comparative Examples 5 to 7 have the general formula (100-z 1 -z 2 ) ⁇ (x-1.5y) Li 2 S. (1-x) P 2 S 5 .yLi 3 N ⁇ ⁇ Z 1 LiX 1 ⁇ z 2 LiX 2
- Tables 6 to 12 show the crystal structures identified from the XRD patterns of Examples 3 to 20 and Comparative Examples 4 to 8.
- Table 13 shows Examples 4-1 to 4-6, Examples 5-1 to 5-5, Examples 6-1 to 6-5, and Examples 7-1 to 7-.
- 5 shows the crystal structures identified from the XRD patterns of Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Examples 6-1 to 6-3.
- FIG. 3 shows XRD patterns of Examples 4-1 to 4-6.
- FIG. 4 shows XRD patterns of Comparative Examples 6-1 to 6-3.
- Tables 6 to 12 show ionic conductivity ( ⁇ 25 ) and activation energy (E a ) at 25 ° C. of Examples 3 to 20 and Comparative Examples 4 to 8.
- Table 13 shows Examples 4-1 to 4-6, Examples 5-1 to 5-5, Examples 6-1 to 6-5, and Examples 7-1 to 7-. 5 and the ionic conductivity ( ⁇ 25 ) at 25 ° C. and the activation energy (E a ) of Comparative Examples 6-1 to 6-3.
- DSC DSC measurement was performed by the following method. The temperature was increased from room temperature to 400 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min from a room temperature to 400 ° C. using a DSC apparatus (Rigaku Thermo Plus DSC8230).
- the sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 8 shows higher ionic conductivity despite being heat-treated at a higher temperature than the sulfide solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 7. That is, it can be understood that the lower limit of the heat treatment temperature at which the ionic conductivity is lower in the sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 8 than in the sulfide solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 7. This is considered to be because the phase transition of HICP to LICP was suppressed in the sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 8.
- Table 10 shows that a sulfide solid electrolyte containing HICP can be obtained even when the sulfide solid electrolyte contains only I as the element X.
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Example 6 and Examples 15 to 17 showed the presence of HICP despite the heat treatment at a temperature higher than the sulfide solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 6, indicating that high ionic solids were observed. It can be seen that it shows conductivity. That is, it can be understood that in the sulfide solid electrolytes of these examples, the lower limit of the heat treatment temperature at which the ionic conductivity is lower than that of the sulfide solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 6 is increased. Further, from FIG.
- Example 6 the sulfide solid electrolytes of Example 6 and Examples 14 to 17 show a crystallization peak estimated to be derived from HICP and ⁇ - It can be seen that the temperature difference from the crystallization peak derived from Li 3 PS 4 increases.
- Comparative Example 6 the crystallization peak presumed to be derived from HICP and the crystallization peak derived from ⁇ -Li 3 PS 4 were observed at around 190 ° C. and around 260 ° C., respectively. At around 190 ° C. and around 280 ° C., respectively.
- the temperature range in which HICP is stably present is widened, and the thermal stability of the high Li ion conductive phase is improved.
- the crystallization peak presumed to be derived from HICP in FIG. 6 indicates a peak observed in a range of approximately 180 ° C. to 220 ° C.
- the crystallization peaks derived from ⁇ -Li 3 PS 4 in FIG. 6 refer to around 345 ° C., around 280 ° C., around 300 ° C., and 310 ° C. in Example 6, Examples 14 to 16 and Comparative Example 6, respectively. Near 335 ° C and around 260 ° C.
- Examples 5-1 to 5-5 that also in the sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 5, HICP exists in a wide temperature range and high ionic conductivity can be maintained. Further, from Examples 6-1 to 6-5 and Examples 7-1 to 7-5, even when B and Si are contained instead of Al as the element M, a wide temperature range is obtained. It can be understood that the effect of the present invention that can maintain high ionic conductivity can be obtained. That is, from Table 13, it can be understood that in the sulfide solid electrolytes of Examples 4 to 7, the heat treatment temperature range in which the ionic conductivity does not decrease is widened.
- Example 6 and Example 7 in Table 13 and Example 4 and Example 5 when the sulfide solid electrolyte contains Si or B as the element M, the ionic conductivity decreases.
- the heat treatment temperature range which does not exist exists at least over the range of 80 ° C., and shows particularly excellent thermal stability of the high Li ion conductive phase.
- the peak around 210 ° C. in the DSC curves of Example 6 and Example 7 in FIG. 5 is a crystallization peak presumed to be derived from HICP. Therefore, in Examples 6 and 7, it can be estimated that the heat treatment temperature range where the ionic conductivity does not decrease exists over the range of 100 ° C. The reason why such a result was obtained is not clear, but, for example, the strength of the bond energy between any one of Si and B and N was a value suitable for exerting the effects of the present invention. Conceivable.
- the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention can suppress the discharge of N 2 to the outside of the system and also can suppress the precipitation of Li 2 S. It is preferable that the precipitation of Li 2 S can be suppressed because the atmospheric stability of the sulfide solid electrolyte can be improved.
- Examples 21 to 41 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10 suggest that the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte according to one embodiment of the present invention can suppress the precipitation of Li 2 S.
- Li 2 S (99.98%, Aldrich), P 2 S 5 (99%, Aldrich) and Li 3/2 Al 1/2 N were dissolved in a glove box in an argon atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or less. After weighing so that the ratio became 69.3: 29.7: 1.0, they were mixed in a mortar. This mixed sample was put into a sealed 80 mL zirconia pot containing 160 g of zirconia balls having a diameter of 4 mm. Milling was performed for 45 hours at a revolution speed of 510 rpm using a planetary ball mill (manufactured by FRITSCH, model number: Premium line P-7).
- Heat treatment was performed for 2 hours to obtain a sulfide solid electrolyte of Example 1. This heat treatment was performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature and equal to or lower than the crystallization temperature plus 100 ° C.
- the crystallization temperature was determined by measuring DSC. The DSC measurement was performed under the following conditions. That is, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 400 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min using a DSC apparatus (Thermo Plus DSC8230, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) using a SUS closed pan.
- Example 22 to 29 The value of z in the composition formula (100-z) (yLi 2 S ⁇ (1-y) P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ zLi ⁇ M ⁇ N of the sulfide solid electrolyte is expressed as 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25. , 30 and 40, except that the sulfide solid electrolytes of Examples 22 to 29 were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 21.
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Examples 30 to 32 were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 21 except that each was changed to 30.
- Li 3 N and BN are weighed to a molar ratio of 1.1: 1, mixed in a mortar, pelletized, and then heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 10 minutes to produce Li 3/2 B 1/2 N. did.
- Examples 37 to 41 Li 3 N and Si 3 N 4 were weighed to a molar ratio of 5.1: 1, mixed in a mortar, pelletized, and then heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 10 minutes to give Li 5/3 Si 1/3. N was produced. The fabricated Li 5/3 Si 1/3 N, the main phase by XRD measurement was confirmed to be Li 5/3 Si 1/3 N.
- the composition formula (100-z) (yLi 2 S ⁇ (1-y) P 2 S 5 ) ⁇ zLi ⁇ M ⁇ N of the sulfide solid electrolyte is changed from Li ⁇ M ⁇ N to Li 5/3 Si 1/3 N.
- the sulfide solid electrolytes of Examples 37 to 41 were synthesized in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the values of z were changed to 1.5, 15, 20, 30, and 45.
- Table 14 shows the ionic conductivity at 25 ° C., the crystal structure identified from the XRD pattern, and the Raman spectrum of Examples 21 to 41, Comparative Example 9, and Comparative Example 10.
- Example 27 to 29, Example 32, Example 39, and Example 40 were all compared with the sulfide solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 10 in the Li content ratio of Li / P Despite the high P, no Li 2 S peak was observed. In particular, in Example 29, although the content ratio of Li to P was 4.00, which was a higher value than Comparative Examples 9 and 10, no Li 2 S peak was observed. In the sulfide solid electrolytes of Example 26 and Example 35, no Li 2 S peak was observed even though Li / P was substantially the same as the sulfide solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 10.
- Example 28 Example 29, Example 36, Example 40, and Example 41 suggested that when Al was included as the element M, precipitation of Li 2 S was remarkably suppressed.
- the reaction proceeds slowly in the synthesis process of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte, The release of N 2 and the precipitation of Li 2 S are suppressed.
- the all-solid battery provided with the sulfide solid electrolyte according to the present invention is suitably used as, for example, a lithium ion all-solid battery for HEV.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2には、Li2S、P2S5、LiBr、LiI、及びLi3Nからなる原料組成物を用いて、硫化物固体電解質を製造することが記載されている。
特許文献3には、Li3Nの添加により高Liイオン伝導相の生成する温度と低Liイオン伝導相の生成する温度との差を大きくできることが記載されているものの、その差は最大でも30℃程度と小さく、更なる改善が求められていた。
本発明の他の一態様の課題は、熱的安定性の向上した硫化物固体電解質を得ること、その製造方法、及び当該硫化物固体電解質を備えた全固体電池を提供することにある。
上記原料化合物の候補として、N、元素A´、及び元素M´を含有する候補材料を選定することと、第一原理計算を用いて、上記候補材料の内部におけるNの欠陥生成エネルギーENdefectを算出することと、を備え、上記ENdefectが、4.00eV以上である場合に、上記候補材料を上記原料化合物として選択する、原料化合物の選択方法である。
本発明の他の一態様の硫化物固体電解質によれば、熱的安定性の向上した硫化物固体電解質を得ることができる。
特許文献1及び特許文献3に開示されたLi3Nを用いた硫化物固体電解質の製造方法では、Li3NのNの欠陥生成エネルギーが小さく、N2ガスが生成しやすい。
これに対し、N、元素A、及び元素Mを含有する原料化合物を用いる当該硫化物固体電解質の製造方法では、Nの欠陥生成エネルギーが大きく、硫化物固体電解質の合成過程でNの欠陥が生成しにくいために、N2ガスが生成しにくい。このため、硫化物固体電解質の製造工程におけるNの系外への排出を抑制できる。
なお、元素Mはいずれも後述する第一原理計算によって算出される、LiαMβNで表される化合物(α及びβは、元素Mの種類に応じて、化学量論比を与える数値である)におけるNの欠陥生成エネルギーが4.00eV以上である元素である。Nの欠陥生成エネルギーの定義は後述する。
これに対し、当該硫化物固体電解質の製造方法では、Nの系外への排出が抑制される。このため、HICPの熱的安定性が向上する効果を十分に発揮することができる。
なお、候補材料の結晶構造においてNの占有サイトが複数存在する場合、それぞれのNの占有サイトごとにENdefectを算出し、最も値が低いものを当該候補材料のENdefectとして用いる。
ところが、特許文献2、及び特許文献3には、Li、P、S、N、Br及びIを含有する硫化物固体電解質は、加熱温度が高いと、高Liイオン伝導相が低Liイオン伝導相に相転移することが記載されている。つまり、このような硫化物固体電解質を備えた全固体電池の作動温度は、高Liイオン伝導相の相転移温度によって制限されていた。
これに対し、当該硫化物固体電解質は、元素Mを含まない従来の硫化物固体電解質に比べてHICPの熱的安定性が高い。このため、本発明の硫化物固体電解質を備えた全固体電池は、電池の作動温度の上限を高くできる全固体電池の利点を十分に享受することができる。
[実施形態]
本発明の一実施形態に係る硫化物固体電解質の製造方法は、P、S、N、元素A、及び元素Mを含む組成物を準備する準備工程と、上記組成物を反応させて中間体を得る反応工程と、上記中間体を加熱して硫化物固体電解質を得る加熱工程と、を備え、上記組成物はN、元素A、及び元素Mを含有する原料化合物を含む。ここで、Aは、Li、Na、Kからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素である。Mは、Al、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、B、Hf、C、P、Zr、Tiからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素である。
本実施形態では、元素AとしてLiを含有する場合を例に、当該硫化物固体電解質の製造方法について説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係る硫化物固体電解質の製造方法の一例を示すフローチャートであり、以下、これに沿って説明する。
本工程では、Li、P、S、N、及び元素Mを含む組成物が準備される。
上記組成物は、N、Li、及び元素Mを含有する1種以上の原料化合物(以下、Li-M-N含有化合物とも記載する)と、Li、P、及びSを含む1種以上の原料化合物との混合物であることが好ましい。
これらの観点から、上記組成物は、混合状態での元素比率が、それぞれモル比で以下の式を同時に満たすことが好ましい。
2.30≦Li/P≦4.20
0.01 00≦N/P≦1.20
上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすとより好ましい。
2.36≦Li/P≦4.12
0.02 00≦N/P≦1.11
上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすとさらに好ましい。
2.36≦Li/P≦4.00
0.06 00≦N/P≦0.900
上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすとよりさらに好ましい。
2.60≦Li/P≦3.40
0.190≦N/P≦0.710
上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすと特に好ましい。
2.77≦Li/P≦3.38
0.280≦N/P≦0.650
本工程では、Li、P、S、N、及び元素Mを含む組成物に対してメカニカルミリングを行うことで上記組成物を反応させ、中間体を得る。
なお、中間体を得る手段はこれに限定されず、他の方法で得てもよい。例えば、図1において、メカニカルミリングに代えて、溶融急冷法等をおこなってもよい。
本工程では、中間体を結晶化温度以上の温度で熱処理することにより、硫化物固体電解質が製造される。熱処理は、減圧雰囲気下で行ってもよく、不活性ガス雰囲気下で行ってもよい。結晶化温度は、示差走査熱計(DSC)による測定で求めることができる。例えば、Li7P3S11結晶構造を得るためには、熱処理温度が250℃以上400℃以下であることが好ましく、β-Li3PS4結晶構造を得るためには、熱処理温度が200℃以上400℃以下であることが好ましい。また、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定において2θ=17.9°±0.5°、19.1°±0.5°、29.1°±0.5°及び29.8°±0.5°に回折ピークを有する第一の結晶構造を得るためには、熱処理温度が250℃以上400℃以下であることが好ましい。これは、500℃のような高温で熱処理した場合、安定相であるLi4P2S6に相転移してしまう可能性があるためである。
本発明に係る硫化物固体電解質の製造方法は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、上記態様の他、種々の変更、改良を施した態様で実施することができる。
LGPS型の硫化物固体電解質としては、例えば、Li10GeP2S12等が挙げられる。Li10GeP2S12の結晶相を有する結晶構造は、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定において2θ=14.4°±0.5°、20.1°±0.5°、20.4°±0.5°、26.9°±0.5°、29.5°±0.5°、47.3°±0.5°の位置に回折ピークを有する。
アルジロダイト型の硫化物固体電解質としては、例えば、Li6PS5Cl等が挙げられる。Li6PS5Clの結晶相を有する結晶構造は、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定において2θ=15.6°±0.5°、25.5°±0.5°、30.0°±0.5°、31.4°±0.5°、45.0°±0.5°、52.5°±0.5°の位置に回折ピークを有する。
変形例1として、LGPS型の硫化物固体電解質を製造する態様について説明する。
上記準備工程における上記組成物にGeを含む原料化合物を加えることで、LGPS型の硫化物固体電解質を製造することができる。Geを含む原料化合物としては、例えば、GeS2等が挙げられる。LGPS型の硫化物固体電解質を製造する場合、上記組成物は、元素比率がモル比で以下の式を同時に満たすことが好ましい。
5.01≦Li/P≦5.61
0.0051≦N/P≦0.41
上記組成物における元素の含有割合を上記範囲とすることで、Li10GeP2S12の結晶相を有し、25℃におけるイオン伝導度の高い硫化物固体電解質を製造することができる。
変形例2として、構成元素としてLi、P、S、N、元素X、及び元素Mを含有し、結晶構造を有する硫化物固体電解質を製造する態様について説明する。Xは、Cl、Br、Iからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素である。
ハロゲン化リチウムとしては、例えば、LiCl、LiBr、LiI等が挙げられる。
ハロゲン化硫黄としては、例えば、SCl2、S2Cl2、SBr2、S2Br2、SI2、S2I2等が挙げられる。
ハロゲン化リンとしては、例えば、PCl3、PCl5、POCl3、PBr3、PBr5、POBr3、PI3、PCI4、P2I4等が挙げられる。
上記元素Mのハロゲン化物としては、例えば、AlBr3、BBr3、AlCl3、AlBr3、AlI3、SiCl3、SiCl4、SiBr4、SiI4、SiBrI3、SiBr2I2、SiBr3I、BCl3、BBr3、BI3等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、ハロゲン化リチウム及びハロゲン化リンが好ましく、ハロゲン化リチウムがより好ましい。ハロゲン化リチウムとしては、LiBr及びLiIが好ましい。
元素Xを含む原料化合物は1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。また、上記組成物は元素Xとして1種を単独で含有してもよく、2種以上を含有してもよい。特に、25℃におけるイオン伝導度を高める観点から、元素XとしてBr又はIを単独で含有することが好ましく、Brを単独で含有することがより好ましい。また、BrとIとを同時に含有することも好ましい。
これらの観点から、変形例2の準備工程における組成物は、混合状態での元素比率が、それぞれモル比で以下の式を同時に満たすことが好ましい。
3.10 ≦ Li/P ≦ 4.20
0.0600 ≦ N/P ≦ 0.750
0.180 ≦ X/P ≦ 1.30
また、上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、上記X/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすとより好ましい。
3.10 ≦ Li/P ≦ 3.90
0.0900 ≦ N/P ≦ 0.750
0.180 ≦ X/P ≦ 1.00
また、上記組成物、元素Xとして2種類の元素X1及びX2を含む場合、上記一般式は、(100-z1-z2){(1-y)[xLi2S・(1-x)P2S5]・yLiαMβN}・z1LiX1・z2LiX2(但し、0.50≦x≦0.80、0<y≦0.50、5≦(z1+z2)≦40、α及びβは元素Mの種類に応じて化学量論比を与える数値である)で表すこともでき、この場合、x、y、z1及びz2は、それぞれ0.67≦x≦0.73、0.10≦y≦0.30、10≦(z1+z2)≦30であると好ましい。
なお、上記一般式は、Li、S、P、N、元素M、元素Xの含有割合を示したものであり、上記組成物が、Li2S、P2S5、LiαMβN、及びLiXからなることを特定するものではない。
したがって、変形例2における熱処理工程では、熱処理温度の下限はHICPの生成温度TH以上であると好ましい。また、熱処理温度の上限は、β-Li3PS4の生成温度Tβ以下であると好ましく、LICPの生成温度TL又は特定結晶構造Cの生成温度TC以下であるとより好ましい。TH、TL、TC及びTβは、XRD測定で求めることができる。
変形例2で製造される硫化物固体電解質は、Tβ-THが、Tβ-TH≧40℃であると好ましく、Tβ-TH≧50℃であるとより好ましく、Tβ-TH≧60℃であるとさらに好ましく、Tβ-TH≧70℃であると特に好ましい。
本発明の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法によれば、N、元素A、及び元素Mを含有する原料化合物を用いることで、硫化物固体電解質の製造過程でNが系外に放出されることを抑制できる。
このような効果が得られる元素A及び元素Mを選択するにあたり、本発明者らは第一原理計算を用いた。
以下、本発明の一実施形態に係る硫化物固体電解質の製造に用いる原料化合物の選択方法について説明する。
(1)N、元素A´、及び元素M´を含有し、上記元素A´及び上記元素M´の第一近接原子がNである候補材料を選定する。
(2)第一原理計算を用いて、上記候補材料の内部におけるNの欠陥生成エネルギーENdefectを算出する。
(3)上記ENdefectが4.00eV以上である場合に、上記候補材料を上記原料化合物として選択する。
Nの欠陥生成エネルギーとは、欠陥を含まない結晶構造の全エネルギーEperfectと、N欠陥を含む結晶構造の全エネルギーENvacancyと、N原子の化学ポテンシャルμNとを用いて算出される値であり、以下の式(1)によって定義される。
ENdefect = ( ENvacancy + μN ) - Eperfect 式(1)
即ち、Nの欠陥生成エネルギーENdefectを算出する手順は次のとおりである。
(a)候補材料の組成、及び結晶構造を得る。
(b)欠陥として脱離させるN原子の化学ポテンシャルμNを計算する。
(c)欠陥を含まない結晶構造の全エネルギーEperfectを構造最適化計算によって算出する。
(d)N欠陥を含む結晶構造の全エネルギーENvacancyを構造最適化計算によって算出する。
(e)式(1)に従ってNの欠陥生成エネルギーENdefectを算出する。
候補材料の結晶構造においてNの占有サイトが複数存在する場合、それぞれのNの占有サイトごとにENdefectを算出し、最も値が低いものを当該候補材料のENdefectとして用いる。
候補材料の組成、及び結晶構造は、公知の刊行物やデータベース等から入手できるものから任意で選択できる。候補材料は、N、元素A´、及び元素M´を含む化合物であれば特に限定されないが、常温常圧下で安定な化合物であることが好ましい。
元素A´は特に限定されないが、アルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素、アルミニウム元素のいずれかであると好ましく、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Alから選択される少なくとも1種であるとより好ましく、Liであるとよりさらに好ましい。これにより、当該硫化物固体電解質を電池として作動させることが容易になる。
第一原理計算にあたっては、計算ソフトウェア Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP)を用いた。計算条件は次のとおりである。k点はk-resolutionの値が1000程度となるように設定した。k-resolutionはモデル中の原子数とa、b、c軸方向のk点との積である。
平面波基底関数のカットオフエネルギー :520eV
交換相関相互作用の近似法 :GGA+U
擬ポテンシャル :PAW(PBEsol)
k点 :k-resolution≒1000
SCF計算の収束条件 :10-4eV
各原子サイトの占有率(Occ.) :1
3d軌道が最外殻軌道であり、安定とされる価数のカチオンの状態で3d軌道が閉殻でなく、3d軌道に電子が存在する遷移金属元素であるV、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Niを含む材料の第一原理計算については、表1に示したハバードのUeff値を計算条件として使用した。これによりd軌道における電子の局在化効果を計算に反映した。表1に示したハバードのUeff値は、結晶構造データベースMaterials Project(https://materialsproject.org/#search/materials)において実施された第一原理計算の計算条件より引用したものである(2019年8月22日時点)。データベースにおいて、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Niを含む材料を検索することでUeff値を取得した。
また、V、Y、Ga、Ca、Ce、Sn、Zn、Ge、Cr、Mn、Sr、In、Co、Ni、Feの各元素は、LiαM´βNにおけるNの欠陥生成エネルギーENdefectが3.88eV以下と小さいことがわかる。このため、元素M´としてV、Y、Ga、Ca、Ce、Sn、Zn、Ge、Cr、Mn、Sr、In、Co、Ni、Feのいずれかを含む候補材料では、N欠陥が生成しやすく、硫化物固体電解質の製造工程におけるNの系外への排出を抑制する本発明の効果が得られない、又は効果が小さいことが予測される。
一方、Al、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、B、Hf、C、P、Zr、Tiの各元素は、LiαM´βNにおけるNの欠陥生成エネルギーENdefectが4.00eV以上と大きいことが分かる。したがって元素M´としてAl、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、B、Hf、C、P、Zr、Tiのいずれかを含む候補材料であれば、N欠陥が生成しにくく、硫化物固体電解質の製造工程におけるNの系外への排出を抑制する本発明の効果が発揮される可能性が極めて高いことが予測される。
[実施形態1]
本発明の一実施形態に係る硫化物固体電解質は、P、S、N、元素A、及び元素Mを含む組成物であって、N、元素A、及び元素Mを含有する原料化合物を準備することと、上記組成物を反応させて中間体を得ることと、上記中間体を加熱して硫化物固体電解質を得ることと、を備える製造方法によって製造される。以下、元素AとしてLiを含有する場合を例に、当該硫化物固体電解質について説明する。
架橋硫黄を実質的に含有しないことは、励起波長532nmのレーザでラマン分光スペクトルを測定した際に、架橋硫黄構造に対応するピークが検出されないことによって確認できる。例えば、S3P-S-PS3構造を実質的に含有しないことは、励起波長532nmのレーザでラマン分光スペクトルを測定した際に、402cm-1にピークが検出されないことによって確認できる。
なお、当該硫化物固体電解質は、少量の架橋硫黄を含有しても差し支えない。この場合、ラマン分光スペクトル測定における、オルト組成のアニオン構造に帰属されるピークの強度IOに対する、架橋硫黄に帰属されるピークの強度IPの比IP/IOが、0.7以下であると好ましく、0.5以下であるとより好ましく、0.35以下であるとさらに好ましい。例えば、当該硫化物固体電解質がLi2S-P2S5系固体電解質である場合、PS4 3-構造由来の417cm-1におけるピーク強度が上記IOに相当し、S3P-S-PS3構造由来の402cm-1におけるピーク強度が上記IPに相当する。
これらの観点から、当該硫化物固体電解質は、元素比率がそれぞれモル比で以下の式を同時に満たすことが好ましい。
2.30≦Li/P≦4.20
0.01 00≦N/P≦1.20
上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすとより好ましい。
2.36≦Li/P≦4.12
0.02 00≦N/P≦1.11
上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすとさらに好ましい。
2.36≦Li/P≦4.00
0.06 00≦N/P≦0.900
上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすとよりさらに好ましい。
2.60≦Li/P≦3.40
0.190≦N/P≦0.710
上記Li/P、上記N/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすと特に好ましい。
2.77≦Li/P≦3.38
0.280≦N/P≦0.650
本発明の他の実施形態に係る硫化物固体電解質は、Li、P、S、N、元素X、及び元素Mを含有する。元素Xは、Cl、Br、Iからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。
これらの事情から、当該硫化物固体電解質は、上記Pに対する上記Liの含有割合Li/P、上記Pに対する上記Nの含有割合N/P、及び上記Pに対する上記Xの含有割合X/Pが、それぞれモル比で以下の式を同時に満たすことが好ましい。
3.10<Li/P<4.20
0.0600<N/P<0.750
0.180<X/P<1.30
また、上記Li/P、上記N/P、及び上記X/Pは、それぞれ以下の式を同時に満たすとより好ましい。
3.10<Li/P<3.90
0.0900<N/P<0.750
0.180<X/P<1.00
また、当該硫化物固体電解質が、元素Xとして2種類の元素X1及びX2を含む場合、上記一般式は、(100-z1-z2){(1-y)[xLi2S・(1-x)P2S5]・yLiαMβN}・z1LiX1・z2LiX2(但し、0.50≦x≦0.80、0<y≦0.50、5≦(z1+z2)≦40、α及びβは元素Mの種類に応じて化学量論比を与える数値である)で表すこともでき、この場合のx、y、z1及びz2は、それぞれ0.67≦x≦0.73、0.10≦y≦0.30、10≦(z1+z2)≦30であると好ましい。
なお、上記一般式は、Li、S、P、N、元素M、元素Xの含有割合を示したものであり、上記組成物が、Li2S、P2S5、LiαMβN、及びLiXからなることを特定するものではない。
当該硫化物固体電解質がBr及びIを同時に含有する場合、当該硫化物固体電解質に含まれるBrとIとの合計量に対するBrの含有量は、1mol%以上99mol%以下が好ましく、5mol%以上80mol%以下がより好ましい。
当該硫化物固体電解質は、少量のLICPを含んでも差し支えない。この場合、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定における2θ=20.2°±0.5°の回折ピーク強度IHに対する、2θ=21.0°±0.5°の回折ピーク強度ILの、回折ピーク強度比IL/IHは、0<IL/IH<3.2であると好ましく、0<IL/IH<2.5であるとより好ましく、0<IL/IH<2.0であるとさらに好ましく、0<IL/IH<1.0であるとよりさらに好ましい。回折ピーク強度比IL/IHは、当該硫化物固体電解質に含まれるHICPと、LICPとの存在比率を示す。つまり、回折ピーク強度比IL/IHが小さいことは、HICPに対して、LICPの量が相対的に少ないことを示す。
当該全固体電池は、負極層と、固体電解質層と、正極層とを備える。図2は、本発明の一実施形態における全固体電池を示す模式的断面図である。二次電池である全固体電池10は、負極層1と、正極層2とが固体電解質層3を介して配置される。負極層1は、負極基材層4及び負極合剤層5を有し、負極基材層4が負極層1の最外層となる。正極層2は、正極基材層7及び正極合剤層6を有し、正極基材層7が正極層2の最外層となる。図2に示す全固体電池10においては、正極基材層7上に、正極合剤層6、固体電解質層3、負極合剤層5及び負極基材層4がこの順で積層されている。
負極層1は、負極基材層4と、この負極基材層4の表面に積層される負極合剤層5とを備える。負極層1は負極基材層4と負極合剤層5との間に図示しない中間層を有していてもよい。
負極基材層4は導電性を有する層である。負極基材層4の材質としては、導電体であれば限定されない。例えば、銅、アルミニウム、チタン、ニッケル、タンタル、ニオブ、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、亜鉛、タングステン、ビスマス、アンチモン、金、銀、鉄、白金、クロム、スズ、インジウム及びこれらの一種以上を含む合金並びにステンレス合金からなる群から選択される一種以上の金属を挙げることができる。
負極合剤層5は、負極活物質を含むいわゆる負極合剤から形成することができる。負極合剤は、負極活物質と当該硫化物固体電解質とを含む負極混合物又は負極複合体を含有してもよい。負極合剤は、必要に応じて、当該硫化物固体電解質以外の固体電解質、導電剤、バインダー、フィラー等の任意成分を含む。
負極活物質としては、通常、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出することができる材料が用いられる。具体的な負極活物質としては、例えば、金属リチウム;Si、Sn等の金属又は半金属;Si酸化物、Sn酸化物等の金属酸化物又は半金属酸化物;ポリリン酸化合物;黒鉛(グラファイト)、非黒鉛質炭素(易黒鉛化性炭素又は難黒鉛化性炭素)等の炭素材料;チタン酸リチウム等のリチウム金属複合酸化物等が挙げられる。
上記負極混合物とは、負極活物質及び当該硫化物固体電解質をメカニカルミリング等で混合することにより作製される混合物である。例えば、負極活物質と当該硫化物固体電解質との混合物は、粒子状の負極活物質及び粒子状の当該硫化物固体電解質を混合して得ることができる。
上記負極複合体としては、負極活物質及び当該硫化物固体電解質間で化学的又は物理的な結合を有する複合体、負極活物質及び当該硫化物固体電解質を機械的に複合化させた複合体等が挙げられる。上記複合体は、一粒子内に負極活物質及び当該硫化物固体電解質が存在しているものであり、例えば、負極活物質及び当該硫化物固体電解質が凝集状態を形成しているもの、負極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部に当該硫化物固体電解質含有皮膜が形成されているものなどが挙げられる。
上記負極混合物又は負極複合体は、当該硫化物固体電解質以外の固体電解質を含有してもよい。
負極合剤が含有する負極活物質及び当該硫化物固体電解質が、負極混合物又は負極複合体を構成することで、イオン伝導度を向上できる。
上記導電剤としては、特に限定されない。このような導電剤としては、天然又は人造の黒鉛、ファーネスブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック等のカーボンブラック、金属、導電性セラミックスなどが挙げられる。導電剤の形状としては、粉状、繊維状等が挙げられる。上記負極合剤における導電剤の含有量としては、例えば0.5質量%以上30質量%以下とすることができる。上記負極合剤は、導電剤を含有しなくてもよい。
上記中間層は、負極基材層4の表面の被覆層であり、炭素粒子等の導電性粒子を含むことで負極基材層4と負極合剤層5との接触抵抗を低減する。中間層の構成は特に限定されず、例えば樹脂バインダー及び導電性粒子を含有する組成物により形成できる。
正極層2は、正極基材層7と、この正極基材層7の表面に積層される正極合剤層6とを備える。正極層2は、負極層1と同様、正極基材層7と正極合剤層6との間に中間層を有していてもよい。この中間層は負極層1の中間層と同様の構成とすることができる。
正極基材層7は、負極基材層4と同様の構成とすることができる。正極基材層7の材質としては、導電体であれば限定されない。例えば、銅、アルミニウム、チタン、ニッケル、タンタル、ニオブ、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、亜鉛、タングステン、ビスマス、アンチモン、金、銀、鉄、白金、クロム、スズ、インジウム及びこれらの一種以上を含む合金、並びにステンレス合金からなる群から選択される一種以上の金属を挙げることができる。
正極合剤層6は、正極活物質を含むいわゆる正極合剤から形成することができる。正極合剤は、正極活物質と固体電解質とを含む正極混合物又は正極複合体を含有してもよい。上記固体電解質として、当該硫化物固体電解質を用いてもよい。正極合剤層6を形成する正極合剤は、負極合剤と同様、必要に応じて、固体電解質、導電剤、バインダー、フィラー等の任意成分を含む。なお、正極合剤層は固体電解質を含まない形態であってもよい。
正極合剤層6に含まれる正極活物質としては、全固体電池に通常用いられる公知のものが使用できる。上記正極活物質としては、例えばLixMeOy(Meは少なくとも一種の遷移金属を表す)で表される複合酸化物(層状のα-NaFeO2型結晶構造を有するLixCoO2、LixNiO2、LixMnO3、LixNiαCo(1-α)O2、LixNiαMnβCo(1-α-β)O2等、スピネル型結晶構造を有するLixMn2O4、LixNiαMn(2-α)O4等)、LiwMex(AOy)z(Meは少なくとも一種の遷移金属を表し、Aは例えばP、Si、B、V等を表す)で表されるポリアニオン化合物(LiFePO4、LiMnPO4、LiNiPO4、LiCoPO4、Li3V2(PO4)3、Li2MnSiO4、Li2CoPO4F等)が挙げられる。これらの化合物中の元素又はポリアニオンは、他の元素又はアニオン種で一部が置換されていてもよい。正極活物質層においては、これら化合物の1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上記正極混合物は、負極の場合と同様、正極活物質及び固体電解質等をメカニカルミリング等で混合することにより作製される混合物である。例えば、正極活物質と固体電解質等との混合物は、粒子状の正極活物質及び粒子状の固体電解質等を混合して得ることができる。
上記正極複合体も、負極の場合と同様、正極活物質及び固体電解質等間で化学的又は物理的な結合を有する複合体、正極活物質及び固体電解質等を機械的に複合化させた複合体等が挙げられる。上記複合体は、一粒子内に正極活物質及び固体電解質等が存在しているものであり、例えば、正極活物質及び固体電解質等が凝集状態を形成しているもの、正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部に固体電解質等含有皮膜が形成されているものなどが挙げられる。
上記正極混合物又は正極複合体は、当該硫化物固体電解質以外の固体電解質を含有してもよい。
正極合剤が含有する正極活物質及び固体電解質等が、正極混合物又は正極複合体を構成することで、イオン伝導度を向上できる。
固体電解質層3は、固体電解質層用電解質を含有する。固体電解質層用電解質としては、上述の当該硫化物固体電解質以外にも、例えば酸化物系固体電解質、その他の硫化物固体電解質、ドライポリマー電解質、ゲルポリマー電解質、擬似固体電解質などを挙げることができる。これらの中では、イオン伝導度が良好であり、界面形成が容易であるなどの観点から硫化物固体電解質が好ましく、当該硫化物固体電解質がより好ましい。固体電解質層3が、当該硫化物固体電解質を含有することで、固体電解質層が高いイオン伝導度を発現できるため、全固体電池の内部抵抗を低減できる。
特に、元素Xを含有する当該硫化物固体電解質は熱的安定性が高いため、当該全固体電池の構成を上記のようにすることで、電池の作動温度の上限を高くできる全固体電池の利点を十分に享受することができる。
当該全固体電池の製造方法は、例えば硫化物固体電解質作製工程と、負極合剤作製工程と、固体電解質層用電解質作製工程と、正極合剤作製工程と、負極層、固体電解質層及び正極層を積層する積層工程とを主に備える。
本工程では、例えば、当該硫化物固体電解質の製造方法によって、硫化物固体電解質を作製する。
本工程では、負極層を形成するための負極合剤が作製される。負極合剤が、負極活物質と当該硫化物固体電解質とを含む混合物又は複合体を含有する場合、本工程では、例えばメカニカルミリング法等を用いて負極活物質と、当該硫化物固体電解質とを混合し、負極活物質と当該硫化物固体電解質との混合物又は複合体を作製することを備える。
本工程では、固体電解質層を形成するための上記固体電解質層用電解質が作製される。本工程では、固体電解質層用電解質の所定の材料をメカニカルミリング法により処理して得ることができる。溶融急冷法により固体電解質層用電解質の所定の材料を溶融温度以上に加熱して所定の比率で両者を溶融混合し、急冷することにより固体電解質層用電解質を作製してもよい。その他の固体電解質層用電解質の合成方法としては、例えば減圧封入して焼成する固相法、溶解析出などの液相法、気相法(PLD)、メカニカルミリング後にアルゴン雰囲気下で焼成することなどが挙げられる。なお、固体電解質層用電解質が当該硫化物固体電解質である場合は、固体電解質層用電解質の作製工程では、上述の硫化物固体電解質作製工程が行われる。
本工程では、正極層を形成するための正極合剤が作製される。正極合剤の作製方法としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、正極活物質の圧縮成形、正極合剤の所定の材料のメカニカルミリング処理、正極活物質のターゲット材料を用いたスパッタリング等が挙げられる。正極合剤が、正極活物質と当該硫化物固体電解質とを含む混合物又は複合体を含有する場合、本工程では、例えばメカニカルミリング法等を用いて正極活物質と、当該硫化物固体電解質とを混合し、正極活物質と当該硫化物固体電解質との混合物又は複合体を作製することを備える。
本工程は、負極基材層及び負極合剤層を有する負極層、固体電解質層、並びに正極基材層及び正極合剤層を有する正極層が積層される。本工程では、負極層、固体電解質層、及び正極層を順次形成してもよいし、この逆であってもよく、各層の形成の順序は特に問わない。上記負極層は、負極基材及び負極合剤を加圧成型することにより形成され、上記固体電解質層は、固体電解質層用電解質を加圧成型することにより形成され、上記正極層は、正極基材及び正極合剤を加圧成型することにより形成される。
本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、上記態様の他、種々の変更、改良を施した態様で実施することができる。
[実施例1]
以下の処理により、80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・20Li3/2Al1/2Nを合成した。
(準備工程)
Li3N及びAlNをモル比で1.2:1となるように秤量し、乳鉢で混合した後ペレット化した。次に、750℃で1時間熱処理してLi3/2Al1/2Nを作製した。作製したLi3/2Al1/2Nは、XRD測定によって主相がLi3/2Al1/2Nであることを確認した。
次に、露点-50℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内でLi2S(99.98%、Aldrich)、P2S5(99%、Aldrich)及びLi3/2Al1/2Nをモル比で56:24:20となるように秤量したのちに、乳鉢で混合し、Li、P、S、N、及びAlを含む組成物を準備した。
(反応工程)
上記組成物を、直径4mmのジルコニアボールが160g入った密閉式の80mLジルコニアポットに投入した。遊星ボールミル(FRITSCH社製、型番Premium line P-7)によって公転回転数510rpmで45時間のミリング処理を行い、中間体を得た。
(熱処理工程)
上記中間体を2時間熱処理して硫化物固体電解質を得た。この熱処理は、結晶化温度以上であって、結晶化温度より100℃以上とならない温度にて行った。結晶化温度はDSCを測定することにより求めた。DSC測定は、以下の条件にて行った。即ち、DSC装置(リガク社製、Thermo Plus DSC8230)を用い、SUS製密閉パンを用い、室温から400℃まで10℃/minで昇温した。
上記合成手順で作製した組成物を試料a、中間体を試料b、硫化物固体電解質を試料cとした。
準備工程を以下のとおり変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・20Li3/2B1/2Nを合成した。
(準備工程)
Li3N及びBNをモル比で1.1:1となるように秤量し、乳鉢で混合した後ペレット化した。次に、800℃で10分熱処理してLi3/2B1/2Nを作製した。作製したLi3/2B1/2Nは、XRD測定によって主相がLi3/2B1/2Nであることを確認した。
次に、露点-50℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内でLi2S(99.98%、Aldrich)、P2S5(99%、Aldrich)及びLi3/2B1/2Nをモル比で56:24:20となるように秤量したのちに、乳鉢で混合し、Li、P、S、N、及びBを含む組成物を準備した。
準備工程を以下のとおり変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、56.8Li2S・27.0P2S5・16.2Li3Nを合成した。
(準備工程)
露点-50℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内でLi2S(99.98%、Aldrich)、P2S5(99%、Aldrich)、及びLi3Nをモル比で56.8:27.0:16.2となるように秤量したのちに、乳鉢で混合し、Li、P、S、及びNを含む組成物を準備した。
準備工程を以下のとおり変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・20Li3/2Al1/2Nを合成した。
(準備工程)
露点-50℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内でLi2S(99.98%、Aldrich)、P2S5(99%、Aldrich)、Li3N、及びAlNをモル比で56:24:10:10となるように秤量したのちに、乳鉢で混合し、Li、P、S、N、及びAlを含む組成物を準備した。
準備工程を以下のとおり変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・20Li7/4V1/4Nを合成した。
(準備工程)
Li3N及びVNをモル比で3:1となるように秤量し、乳鉢で混合した後ペレット化した。次に、750℃で10時間熱処理してLi7/4V1/4Nを作製した。作製したLi7/4V1/4Nは、XRD測定によって主相がLi7/4V1/4Nであることを確認した。
次に、露点-50℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内でLi2S(99.98%、Aldrich)、P2S5(99%、Aldrich)及びLi7/4V1/4Nをモル比で56:24:20となるように秤量したのちに、乳鉢で混合し、Li、P、S、N、及びVを含む組成物を準備した。
(1)XRD
以下の方法にてX線回折測定を行った。気密性のX線回折測定用試料ホルダーを用い、露点-50℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気下で実施例及び比較例の硫化物固体電解質粉末を充填した。X線回折装置(Rigaku社製「miniFlex II」)を用いて粉末X線回折測定を行った。線源はCuKα線、管電圧は30kV、管電流は15mAとし、回折X線は厚み30μmのKβフィルターを通し高速一次元検出器(型番:D/teX Ultra2)にて検出した。サンプリング幅は0.01°、スキャンスピードは5°/分、発散スリット幅は0.625°、受光スリット幅は13mm(OPEN)、散乱スリット幅は8mmとした。
イオン伝導度(σ25)は、25℃におけるイオン伝導度を、(Bio-Logic)社製「VMP-300」を用いて上述の方法で交流インピーダンスを測定して求めた。また、一部の実施例及び比較例については、-30℃、-20℃、-10℃、0℃、50℃の各温度におけるイオン伝導度も測定し、アレニウス式により活性化エネルギー(Ea)を算出した。
よって、実施例1、実施例2、比較例1、比較例2、及び比較例3は、類似の構造を有すると言える。
一方、比較例1、比較例2及び比較例3では、試料a、試料b、及び試料cにおけるNの含有割合が試料a、試料b、試料cの順に小さくなることが分かる。つまり、比較例1、比較例2及び比較例3では、Nの含有率が、反応工程、熱処理工程の各工程を経るごとに減少し、系外へNが排出されてしまうことが分かる。
以上より、第一原理計算を用いてNの排出抑制効果を予測して選定された、Al、及びBについて、実際に効果が得られることが実証された。さらに、第一原理計算を用いてNの排出抑制効果が得られないことが予測されたVについて、実際に効果が得られないことも実証された。
[実施例3]
以下の処理により、組成式85(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2Al1/2N)・10LiBr・5LiIで表される硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
Li3N及びAlNをモル比で1.2:1となるように秤量し、乳鉢で混合した後ペレット化した。次に、750℃で1時間熱処理してLi3/2Al1/2Nを作製した。作製したLi3/2Al1/2Nは、XRD測定によって主相がLi3/2Al1/2Nであることを確認した。
次に、露点-50℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内でLi2S(99.98%、Aldrich)、P2S5(99%、Aldrich)、LiBr(99.999%、Aldrich)、LiI(99.999%、Aldrich)、及びLi3/2Al1/2Nをモル比で47.6:20.4:10:5:17となるように秤量したのちに、乳鉢で混合した。この混合試料を、直径4mmのジルコニアボールが160g入った密閉式の80mLジルコニアポットに投入した。遊星ボールミル(FRITSCH社製、型番Premium line P-7)によって公転回転数510rpmで45時間のミリング処理を行った。245℃で2時間熱処理して実施例3の硫化物固体電解質を得た。この熱処理温度は、結晶化温度以上であって、結晶化温度より100℃以上とならないように設定した。結晶化温度は、ミリング処理後の試料の一部を取り出し、DSC測定に供することにより求めた。DSC測定は、以下の条件にて行った。即ち、DSC装置(リガク社製、Thermo Plus DSC8230)を用い、SUS製密閉パンを用い、室温から400℃まで10℃/minで昇温した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成を、85(0.75Li2S・0.25P2S5)・10LiBr・5LiI、85(0.72Li2S・0.25P2S5・0.020Li3N)・10LiBr・5LiIに変更し、熱処理温度をいずれも225℃としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、比較例4及び比較例5の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成を80(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2Al1/2N)・12LiBr・8LiI、80(0.70(0.67Li2S・0.33P2S5)・0.30Li3/2Al1/2N)・12LiBr・8LiI、80(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2B1/2N)・12LiBr・8LiI、80(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li5/3Si1/3N)・12LiBr・8LiI、80(0.6975Li2S・0.25P2S5・0.035Li3N)・12LiBr・8LiIに変更し、熱処理温度をそれぞれ255℃、275℃、270℃、270℃、250℃としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、実施例4乃至実施例7、及び比較例6の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
なお、実施例4の硫化物固体電解質は、熱処理温度を255℃とした試料に加えて、熱処理温度を215℃、230℃、275℃、290℃、310℃とした試料も合成した。実施例5の硫化物固体電解質は、熱処理温度を275℃とした試料に加えて、熱処理温度を235℃、290℃、310℃、330℃とした試料も合成した。実施例6の硫化物固体電解質は、熱処理温度を270℃とした試料に加えて、熱処理温度を230℃、270℃、290℃、310℃、330℃とした試料も合成した。実施例7の硫化物固体電解質は、熱処理温度を270℃とした試料に加えて、熱処理温度を230℃、290℃、310℃、330℃とした試料も合成した。また、比較例6の硫化物固体電解質は、熱処理温度を250℃とした試料に加えて、熱処理温度を210℃、及び230℃とした試料も合成した。
各熱処理温度で合成した硫化物固体電解質は、熱処理温度が低い順に、それぞれ実施例4-1乃至実施例4-6、実施例5-1乃至実施例5-5、実施例6-1乃至実施例6-5、実施例7-1乃至実施例7-5、及び比較例6-1乃至比較例6-3とする。
硫化物固体電解質の組成を75(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2Al1/2N)・15LiBr・10LiI、75(0.72Li2S・0.25P2S5・0.020Li3N)・15LiBr・10LiIに変更し、熱処理温度をそれぞれ215℃、195℃としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例8及び比較例7の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成を90(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2Al1/2N)・10LiBr、80(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2Al1/2N)・20LiBr、70(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2Al1/2N)・30LiBr、90(0.72Li2S・0.25P2S5・0.020Li3N)・10LiBrに変更し、熱処理温度をそれぞれ265℃、250℃、240℃、225℃としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、実施例9、実施例10、実施例11及び比較例8の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成を90(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2Al1/2N)・10LiI、80(0.80(0.7Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2Al1/2N)・20LiIに変更し、熱処理温度をそれぞれ255℃、240℃としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、実施例12、実施例13の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成を80(0.97(0.745Li2S・0.255P2S5)・0.03Li3/2B1/2N)・12LiBr・8LiI、80(0.95(0.74Li2S・0.26P2S5)・0.05Li3/2B1/2N)・12LiBr・8LiI、80(0.90(0.73Li2S・0.27P2S5)・0.10Li3/2B1/2N)・12LiBr・8LiI、80(0.85(0.715Li2S・0.285P2S5)・0.15Li3/2B1/2N)・12LiBr・8LiIに変更し、熱処理温度をそれぞれ250℃としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、実施例14乃至実施例17の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成を75(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2B1/2N)・15LiBr・10LiI、70(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2B1/2N)・17LiBr・13LiI、65(0.80(0.70Li2S・0.30P2S5)・0.20Li3/2B1/2N)・20LiBr・15LiIに変更し、熱処理温度をそれぞれ230℃、195℃、185℃としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、実施例18乃至実施例20の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
なお、表中、「HICP」は、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定において2θ=20.2°±0.5°、23.6°±0.5°に回折ピークを有する結晶相を表す。「LICP」は、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定において2θ=21.0°±0.5°、28.0°±0.5°に回折ピークを有する結晶相を表す。「特定結晶構造C」は、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定において2θ=17.5°±0.5°、24.9°±0.5°に回折ピークを有する結晶相を表す。「β-Li3PS4」は、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定において2θ=17.5°±0.5°、18.1°±0.5°、29.1°±0.5°、29.9°±0.5°、31.2°±0.5°に回折ピークを有する結晶相を表す。「Unknown」は、結晶相が帰属不明なピークを表す。
また、図3に実施例4-1乃至実施例4-6のXRDパターンを示す。図4に比較例6-1乃至比較例6-3のXRDパターンを示す。
以下の方法にてDSC測定を行った。DSC装置(リガク社製、Thermo Plus DSC8230)を用い、SUS製密閉パンを用い、室温から400℃まで10℃/minで昇温した。
また、Brの含有量が同一である実施例9及び比較例8を対比すると、比較例8ではHICP及びLICPのいずれも生成しなかったのに対し、実施例9ではHICPが生成したことが分かる。つまり、硫化物固体電解質がLi、P、S、N、元素X、及び元素Mを含有する場合には、元素Mを含まない場合に比して、より少ない元素Xの含有量でHICPを生成できる効果が認められた。
また、図6から、実施例6及び実施例14乃至実施例17の硫化物固体電解質は、比較例6の硫化物固体電解質と比較して、HICP由来と推測される結晶化ピークと、β-Li3PS4由来の結晶化ピークとの温度差が大きくなることが分かる。例えば、比較例6ではHICP由来と推測される結晶化ピークとβ-Li3PS4由来の結晶化ピークとは、それぞれ190℃付近と260℃付近に観測されたのに対し、実施例14では、それぞれ190℃付近と280℃付近に観測される。このことから、実施例の硫化物固体電解質では、HICPが安定に存在する温度範囲が広がり、高Liイオン伝導相の熱的安定性が向上することが理解できる。
なお、図6におけるHICP由来と推測される結晶化ピークとは、概ね180℃から220℃の範囲に観測されたピークを示す。図6におけるβ-Li3PS4由来の結晶化ピークとは、実施例6、実施例14乃至実施例16、及び比較例6において、それぞれ345℃付近、280℃付近、300℃付近、310℃付近、335℃付近、及び260℃付近に観測されたピークを示す。
以上より、当該硫化物固体電解質のPに対するNの含有割合N/Pが、0.060、0.10、0.21、0.31、0.42となる場合であっても、高Liイオン伝導相の熱的安定性が向上する効果が得られることが分かる。
一方で、実施例4-1乃至実施例4-6から、実施例4の硫化物固体電解質では、熱処理温度を290℃まで高めてもHICPが存在し、高いイオン伝導度を維持できることが分かる。
また、実施例5-1乃至実施例5-5から、実施例5の硫化物固体電解質においても、広い温度範囲でHICPが存在し、高いイオン伝導度を維持できることが分かる。
さらに、実施例6-1乃至実施例6-5、及び実施例7-1乃至実施例7-5から、元素MとしてAlに代えてB及びSiを含有する場合であっても、広い温度範囲で高いイオン伝導度を維持できる本発明の効果が得られることが分かる。
つまり、表13から、実施例4乃至実施例7の硫化物固体電解質では、イオン伝導度が低下しない熱処理温度範囲が広がることが理解できる。
また、表13の実施例6及び実施例7と実施例4及び実施例5との対比から、当該硫化物固体電解質が元素MとしてSi及びBのいずれかを含む場合に、イオン伝導度が低下しない熱処理温度範囲が少なくとも80℃の範囲に亘って存在し、特に優れた高Liイオン伝導相の熱的安定性を示すことが分かる。なお、図5の実施例6及び実施例7のDSC曲線における210℃付近のピークは、HICP由来と推測される結晶化ピークである。したがって、実施例6及び実施例7では、イオン伝導度が低下しない熱処理温度範囲が100℃の範囲に亘って存在することも推測できる。このような結果が得られた理由は定かでは無いが、例えば、Si及びBのいずれかとNとの結合エネルギーの強さが、本発明の効果を発揮するのに適した値であったことが考えられる。
以下の処理により、組成式(100-z)(yLi2S・(1-y)P2S5)・zLiαMβNにおけるLiαMβNがLi3/2Al1/2Nであり、z=1、y=0.70である硫化物固体電解質、即ち99(0.7Li2S・0.3P2S5)・1Li3/2Al1/2Nを合成した。
Li3N及びAlNをモル比で1.2:1となるように秤量し、乳鉢で混合した後ペレット化した。次に、750℃で1時間熱処理してLi3/2Al1/2Nを作製した。
次に、露点-50℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内でLi2S(99.98%、Aldrich)、P2S5(99%、Aldrich)及びLi3/2Al1/2Nをモル比で69.3:29.7:1.0となるように秤量したのちに、乳鉢で混合した。この混合試料を、直径4mmのジルコニアボールが160g入った密閉式の80mLジルコニアポットに投入した。遊星ボールミル(FRITSCH社製、型番Premium line P-7)によって公転回転数510rpmで45時間のミリング処理を行った。2時間熱処理して実施例1の硫化物固体電解質を得た。この熱処理は、結晶化温度以上であって、結晶化温度プラス100℃以下の温度にて行った。結晶化温度はDSCを測定することにより求めた。DSC測定は、以下の条件にて行った。即ち、DSC装置(リガク社製、Thermo Plus DSC8230)を用い、SUS製密閉パンを用い、室温から400℃まで10℃/minで昇温した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成式(100-z)(yLi2S・(1-y)P2S5)・zLiαMβNにおけるzの値を、5、7、10、15、20、25、30、40に変更したこと以外は実施例21と同様にして、実施例22乃至実施例29の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成式(100-z)(yLi2S・(1-y)P2S5)・zLiαMβNにおいて、y=0.67とし、zの値を20、25、30にそれぞれ変更したこと以外は実施例21と同様にして、実施例30乃至実施例32の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
Li3N及びBNをモル比で1.1:1となるように秤量し、乳鉢で混合した後ペレット化した後、800℃で10分間熱処理してLi3/2B1/2Nを作製した。作製したLi3/2B1/2Nについて、XRD測定によって主相がLi3/2B1/2Nであることを確認した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成式(100-z)(yLi2S・(1-y)P2S5)・zLiαMβNにおけるLiαMβNをLi3/2B1/2Nに変更し、zの値を1、10、20、30に変更したこと以外は実施例21と同様にして、実施例33乃至実施例36の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
Li3N及びSi3N4をモル比で5.1:1となるように秤量し、乳鉢で混合した後ペレット化した後、800℃で10分間熱処理してLi5/3Si1/3Nを作製した。作製したLi5/3Si1/3Nについて、XRD測定によって主相がLi5/3Si1/3Nであることを確認した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成式(100-z)(yLi2S・(1-y)P2S5)・zLiαMβNにおけるLiαMβNをLi5/3Si1/3Nに変更し、zの値を1.5、15、20、30、45に変更したこと以外は実施例21と同様にして、実施例37乃至実施例41の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成式(100-z)(yLi2S・(1-y)P2S5)・zLiαMβNにおけるLiαMβNをLi3Nに変更し、zの値を20に変更したこと以外は実施例21と同様にして、比較例9の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
硫化物固体電解質の組成式(100-z)(yLi2S・(1-y)P2S5)・zLiαMβNにおいて、y=0.68とし、zの値を16に変更したこと以外は比較例9と同様にして、比較例10の硫化物固体電解質を合成した。
(1)XRD、イオン伝導度(σ)
上述の方法でX線回折測定を行った。また、25℃におけるイオン伝導度(σ25)を、(Bio-Logic)社製「VMP-300」を用いて上述の方法で交流インピーダンスを測定して求めた。
以下の方法にてラマンスペクトルを測定した。レーザラマン分光光度計(堀場製作所社製「LabRAM HR Revolution」)を用い、励起レーザ波長532nm(YAGレーザ)、グレーティング600gr/mmの条件において、100cm-1から1800cm-1の波数範囲でラマン分光測定を行った。
このような結果が得られた理由は定かでは無いが、Li3Nと他の原料化合物とが劇的に反応してLi2Sを析出するためと考えられる。
実施例32の硫化物固体電解質は、比較例10とyの値が略同一であり、Li/Pも同一であるにも関わらず、Li2Sのピークが観測されなかった。
硫化物固体電解質では、Liの含有量が多い場合にLi2Sが析出する傾向があるところ、上記のような結果が得られたことから、実施例の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法では、Li2Sの析出が抑制されることが示唆された。
2 正極層
3 固体電解質層
4 負極基材層
5 負極合剤層
6 正極合剤層
7 正極基材層
10 全固体電池
Claims (20)
- 硫化物固体電解質の製造方法であって、
P、S、N、元素A、及び元素Mを含む組成物を準備することと、
上記組成物を反応させて中間体を得ることと、
上記中間体を加熱して硫化物固体電解質を得ることと、を備え、
上記組成物がN、元素A、及び元素Mを含有する原料化合物を含む、硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。
(Aは、Li、Na、Kからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。Mは、Al、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、B、Hf、C、P、Zr、Tiからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。) - 元素Mの窒化物と元素Aの窒化物とを反応させて上記N、元素A、及び元素Mを含有する原料化合物を得ることを備える、請求項1に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。
- 元素Mが、Al、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、Bからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。
- 上記組成物が、硫化リチウム、硫化リン、並びに上記N、元素A、及び元素Mを含有する原料化合物を含む、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。
- 上記元素AがLiを含有し、
上記組成物におけるPに対するLiの含有割合がモル比で2.30以上4.20以下であり、
上記組成物におけるPに対するNの含有割合がモル比で0.0100以上1.20以下である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。 - 上記元素AがLiを含有し、
上記組成物におけるPに対するLiの含有割合がモル比で2.77以上3.38以下であり、
上記組成物におけるPに対するNの含有割合がモル比で0.280以上0.650以下である、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。 - 上記組成物が元素Xを含有する、請求項1から請求項のいずれか1項5に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。
(Xは、Cl、Br、Iからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。) - 上記組成物におけるPに対するLiの含有割合がモル比で3.10以上4.20以下であり、
上記組成物におけるPに対するNの含有割合がモル比で0.0600以上0.750以下であり、
上記組成物におけるPに対するXの含有割合がモル比で0.180以上1.30以下である、請求項7に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。 - 請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造された硫化物固体電解質。
- 硫化物固体電解質の製造に用いる原料化合物の選択方法であって、
上記原料化合物の候補として、N、元素A´、及び元素M´を含有する候補材料を選定することと、
第一原理計算を用いて、上記候補材料の内部におけるNの欠陥生成エネルギーENdefectを算出することと、を備え、
上記ENdefectが、4.00eV以上である場合に、上記候補材料を上記原料化合物として選択する、硫化物固体電解質の製造に用いる原料化合物の選択方法。 - 上記ENdefectが4.10eV以上である場合に、上記候補材料を上記原料化合物として選択する、請求項10に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造に用いる原料化合物の選択方法。
- 上記ENdefectが4.35eV以上である場合に、上記候補材料を上記原料化合物として選択する、請求項10又は請求項11に記載の原料化合物の選択方法。
- 硫化物固体電解質の製造方法であって、
請求項10から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の硫化物固体電解質の製造に用いる原料化合物の選択方法により選択された原料化合物を含む組成物を準備することと、
上記組成物を反応させて中間体を得ることと、
上記中間体を加熱して硫化物固体電解質を得ることと、を備える硫化物固体電解質の製造方法。 - 請求項13に記載の製造方法により製造された硫化物固体電解質。
- 構成元素として、P、S、N、元素A、元素X、及び元素Mを含有し、結晶構造を有する硫化物固体電解質。
(Aは、Li、Na、Kからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。Xは、Cl、Br、Iからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。Mは、Al、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、B、Hf、C、P、Zr、Tiからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。) - 元素Mが、Al、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、Bからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素である、請求項15に記載の硫化物固体電解質。
- 上記結晶構造が、CuKα線を用いるX線回折測定において2θ=20.2°±0.5°、23.6°±0.5°に回折ピークを有する、請求項15又は請求項16に記載の硫化物固体電解質。
- 請求項9、請求項14、請求項15、請求項16、又は請求項17に記載の硫化物固体電解質を含有する全固体電池。
- P、S、N、元素A、及び元素Mを含み、結晶性を有する硫化物固体電解質。
(Aは、Li、Na、Kからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。Mは、Al、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、B、Hf、C、P、Zr、Tiからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を示す。) - 元素Mが、Al、Ta、Si、Sc、Mg、Nb、Bからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素である、請求項19に記載の硫化物固体電解質。
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