WO2020053842A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour commander et réguler un chauffage d'aiguillage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour commander et réguler un chauffage d'aiguillage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020053842A2
WO2020053842A2 PCT/IB2019/057768 IB2019057768W WO2020053842A2 WO 2020053842 A2 WO2020053842 A2 WO 2020053842A2 IB 2019057768 W IB2019057768 W IB 2019057768W WO 2020053842 A2 WO2020053842 A2 WO 2020053842A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
turnout
temperature
heating
specific
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2019/057768
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2020053842A3 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Reinker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ean Elektroschaltanlagen
Original Assignee
Ean Elektroschaltanlagen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ean Elektroschaltanlagen filed Critical Ean Elektroschaltanlagen
Priority to EP19787440.7A priority Critical patent/EP3850154B1/fr
Priority to DK19787440.7T priority patent/DK3850154T3/da
Priority to CN201980060364.XA priority patent/CN112823224B/zh
Publication of WO2020053842A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020053842A2/fr
Publication of WO2020053842A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020053842A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/24—Heating of switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling and regulating a point heater, in particular depending on the weather, rail profile and position of the movable tongue rail by calculating and evaluating the real point temperatures at functionally relevant points of the point in winter on at least one point segment between the point tips and point end.
  • Track elements, especially switches, of rail-bound vehicles such as railways (full railways, branch lines, narrow-gauge railways) or trams are heated as required with point heaters in order to prevent freezing of the moving parts or their blocking by snow and ice, and thus operational safety, especially in winter to ensure.
  • point heaters are based on systems with hot water steam, gas heating or electrical energy.
  • point heaters are used to melt snow between the rails of the points and to prevent the movable tongue rail from freezing to the fixed stock rail and the sliding chair plates, as well as the compression of snow between the rails.
  • heating devices with a specific output of, for example, 330 W per meter of rail are arranged on the fixed stock rails of the turnout, and if the weather permits, the heating is activated by a weather station and thus the stock rail at the location of the turnout temperature sensor except for a setpoint temperature in two-point control warmed with hysteresis.
  • Control of such switch heaters is conventionally carried out by means of a switch temperature sensor on a central switch which, due to the function of the switch, is arranged on the lower surface of the stock rail base.
  • the disadvantage here is that during operation, only at the location of the turnout temperature sensor, the turnout temperature corresponds to the desired turnout temperature and the other parts of the turnout are weather-dependent and weather-dependent and on the position of the tongue rail, which can be adjacent or detached to the stock rail Excess temperatures can occur, which either lead to freezing and thus failure of the switch or to high (unnecessary) energy consumption.
  • the conventional point heaters are currently switched on when heating is requested with 100% specific output and switched off and on again after reaching the set point temperature until a hysteresis of the real point temperature is reached.
  • the result in heating mode are power peaks between zero and maximum value and significant temperature differences of the stock rails, tongue rails and sliding chair plates on the right and left side as well as over the length of the switch.
  • a reliable function of the turnouts in winter, especially in extreme weather conditions, in wind, low ambient temperature and heavy snowfall in automatic operation is not possible with the state of the art.
  • Heating devices are arranged, for example, on the fixed stock rails of the left and right sides of the switch on the rail foot and are designed with a specific power of typically 330 W per meter over the entire length of the switch.
  • the heat transfer to the tongue rails and sliding chair plates of the switch takes place by means of heat conduction or heat radiation from the location of the stock rails provided with a heating device.
  • the switch is used on the stock rails and the tongue rails on the left and right sides depending on the ambient conditions and the switch position, i.e. remote or adjacent tongue rail, as well as different real switch temperatures at the sliding chair plates.
  • heat generation processes Utilizing the analogy between an electrical flow field and a thermal flow field (cf. Tab. 1), heat generation processes, heat transfer processes and heat storage processes can be calculated using networks that are well known in electrical engineering.
  • the in heating networks Non-linear processes that occur require a computer-aided iterative solution process.
  • Heat sources, thermal resistances, thermal capacities and fixed temperatures occur in a heating network. They represent heat generation, heat transport, heat storage and the thermal boundary conditions.
  • the powers P generated in the conductors and the encapsulation are transmitted to the environment by radiation and convection and by heat conduction along the conductor track or the capsule. Depending on the thermal resistance R and the power P, there is an excess temperature Dq. Heat transfer
  • Heat conduction According to Fourier's law of heat conduction, the transported heat output PL changes linearly with the spatial change in temperature when there is no additional heat source.
  • the proportionality factor is referred to as thermal conductivity l.
  • the section length L and the cross-sectional area A significantly influence the transported heat output.
  • the heat output by conduction can be simplified as follows.
  • the thermal energy by convection is calculated via the relationships between the material properties of the cooling medium, the flow and the heat transfer to other media, arrangements and temperature ranges. To do this, there are dimensionless similarity numbers
  • Prandtl number (abstracted from the flow medium) with v as flow velocity, v as viscosity, ß as volume expansion coefficient, g as gravitational acceleration, C p as specific capacity and d as density.
  • Rk a kOk ⁇ ⁇
  • the process can be calculated iteratively depending on the temperature in the heating network.
  • the ohmic resistance heats up all sections through which current flows. Current heat losses occur due to the operating current and capsule losses due to induction in the capsule (hysteresis, induction and eddy current losses).
  • the resistance Ri a depends both on the cross-sectional area A and on the specific resistance of the conductor p, the section length I, the type of current (current displacement factor k) [5] and the conductor overtemperature Dq [6] ).
  • the heat capacity C results from
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for controlling and regulating a point heater and of providing a corresponding device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and with which an additional outlay for sensors is avoided and the associated outlay on maintenance is reduced.
  • a method for controlling and regulating a point heater (1) comprising at least one heater (14) arranged on at least one point (3), at least one point temperature sensor (28) on the at least one switch (3), has at least one energy distribution with at least one heating outlet per switch (3) and at least one control device for controlling and regulating the switch temperature, comprising the steps:
  • the turnout segment of the at least one turnout ( 3) has a stock rail (7), a tongue rail (8), a sliding chair plate (9) and at least one heating device (14), and disassembly of the at least one switch segment into individual sections, each with at least one first node, which has at least one functionally relevant point ( 19) corresponds to the turnout segment of the at least one turnout (3) in winter, the functionally relevant point (19) having at least one evaluation point (37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43), the at least one switch segment representing the at least one switch (3) thermodynamically,
  • the at least one switch segment being arranged in the vicinity of the at least one switch temperature sensor (15, 18),
  • a parameterizable set point temperature by a set point temperature Correction factor is increased until the respective calculated turnout temperature of the turnout (3) corresponds at least to the minimum turnout temperature of the turnout (3),
  • the optimal specific performance is increased in the case of a deficit and the optimal specific performance is reduced in the event of a deficit.
  • a point heater (1) depending on existing or specified project-specific parameters or weather conditions by means of the heat network model according to the invention for one point segment each for the left side (5) of a point (3) and / or for the right side (6) to heat a switch (3), in particular for adjacent ( on ) and remote (from) tongue rails (8), in the areas of the switch tip (16), the switch center (17) and the switch end (18).
  • All specific power losses on the turnout segments can be determined with appropriate parameters and the optimal turnout temperatures (T op ) at nodes (K), each representing a functionally relevant point (19) of the turnout segment in winter.
  • the method according to the invention is basically designed to create the heat network model according to the invention alone with a switch segment for the left side (5) of a switch (3) or for the right side (6) of a switch (3).
  • one of the two sides (5, 6) of the switch (3) is considered and it is assumed that the selected side (5, 6) of the switch (3) is the more positive of the two sides with regard to the heating process (5, 6) the switch (3).
  • a necessary reserve is thus included.
  • the heat network model according to the invention is created with one turnout segment each for the left side (5) of a turnout (3) and for the right side (6) of a turnout (3), since this still has the potential of the present invention can be better exploited.
  • the particularly preferred variant is assumed, without excluding the possibility of viewing a turnout segment for only one side.
  • the power of the individual heating devices (29) required during operation of the point heater (1) can be calculated via the specific power of the length of a point segment, by evaluating the point temperature of the point (3) on each point segment on the left side (5) and the the right side (6) determines the position of the switch, i.e. the tongue rail adjacent or lying, and the output of the heating device (29) for the left side (5) and the right side (6) are adjusted so that the functionally relevant points ( 19) of the switch (3) have the same switch temperatures over their entire length and thus, with a maximum of the same output of the heating device (29) compared to the prior art, a higher availability in winter is achieved over the entire operating temperature range in the automatic operation of the switch heater (1).
  • the entire switch (3) is representatively represented by at least one switch segment, which includes both the left side (5) of the switch (3) and the right side (6) of the switch (3).
  • the heating network (26, 27) according to the invention can be formed over a representative cross section of the switch (3), with which the heating of the entire switch (3) is carried out as evenly as possible and not only individual areas or one side of a switch as in State of the art.
  • the availability of the point heater is increased by the present invention, whereas in mild winters or weather periods without extreme weather conditions, significant energy savings can be realized and power peaks in the network can be avoided.
  • the method according to the invention is carried out as a function of existing or predefined project-specific parameters or weather conditions, by means of the heat network model according to the invention for one turnout segment for adjacent ones
  • the power of the heating devices (14) required during operation is calculated via the specific power (P) of the length of switch segments (l seg ) and by evaluating the calculated optimum switch temperature (T op ) on each switch segment on the left side (5) of the Turnout (3) and on the right side (6) of the turnout (3) the position of the turnout (3), i.e. the position of the tongue rail (8) adjacent ( on ) or remote (down), determined, preferably at the evaluation point head - Tongue rail (41).
  • the output of the heating device (14) for the left side (5) of the turnout (3) and the right side (6) of the turnout (3) is adjusted so that the functionally relevant points (19) on the turnout segments turnout tip (16), Turnout center (17) and turnout end (18) of the left side (5) and the right side (6) have the same real turnout temperatures (Tw) which correspond at least to the melting temperature of snow and / or the turnout minimum temperature.
  • T m m Minimum rail temperature (T m m) of the switch (3) to be heated, taking into account the melting capacity (Tsm) of snow and the evaporation capacity of water. Measures are taken if this time is too long or the amount of snow (hs) present during this time is not completely melted.
  • the switch heater (1) is equipped with an additional one "Preheating" heating request is activated with a second calculated rail set temperature (Tsoii-vor) of the switch (3) so that the conditions are met when the heating request actually occurs. This is done in advance, instead of just reacting to changing weather conditions, as is the case in the prior art.
  • a first pair of heating devices (14), for example the heating devices (14) on the stock rails (7), are preferably activated with an optimal specific heating power (P op ) and are reached when they are reached the target rail temperature (Ts oii ) of the switch (3) activates a second pair of heating devices (14), for example on the tongue rails (8) or the sliding chair plates (9).
  • the first pair of heating device (14) and the second pair of heating device (14) are activated with a time delay or with proportional specific power, by in two-point control in the heating breaks of a pair of heating devices (14) the other pair of heating devices (14) is activated or group operation or power reduction takes place depending on the type of heating device (14).
  • a turnout segment is arranged in the vicinity of a turnout temperature sensor (28) and the turnout temperatures (Tw) of the turnout (3) recorded over time are verified with calculated optimal turnout temperatures (T op ).
  • the calculated optimal switch temperatures (T o ) of the switch (3) are corrected using the power of convection heat (PK) or the power of radiation (Ps t ).
  • the calculation is carried out using the heat network model according to the invention for a turnout segment using a microcontroller for a turnout (3) or for a plurality of turnouts (3) of a turnout heater (1) according to the invention, the microcontroller being arranged directly next to the turnout (3) and above
  • the microcontroller contains switching devices or control devices for switching and controlling the heating devices (14) depending on the type of heating devices (14).
  • the method according to the invention further comprises step h) calculating the specific melting capacity for the amount of snow calculated on the switch segment during the heating time from a reported snow depth per unit of time and calculating the specific maintenance capacity Maintenance of the melting temperature on the switch segment and comparison of the sum of these with the real specific power of the heating device (14) and, if the real specific output of the heating device (14) is lower, activation of the point heater (1) with a second set point temperature which is so high that the specific output of the heating device (14) during operation is at least equal to the sum of the specific melting output and the maintenance output.
  • Heat generating elements the specific power of the at least one heating device (29) with a heat store of the turnout segment and heat transfer by heat radiation.
  • the heat transfer elements comprise thermal resistances on the switch (3) from the material properties, the geometric sizes and the prevailing loads due to heat transfer and the environment on the at least one switch segment. This development advantageously results in less effort for the calculation software.
  • step f) of the method according to the invention can preferably
  • the heating-up time for the heating of the at least one turnout segment is calculated from the sum of individual heating times for the at least one turnout segment for the heating thereof, for the melting of snow and for the evaporation of water thereon, and / or
  • the heating-up time is increased by increasing the power ratio and / or switching from control mode to continuous operation and / or is reduced by reducing the power ratio. If the heating-up time is longer than 20 minutes, for example, the function of the switch (3) in winter is not only at risk in the 20 minutes, but also because the snow forms a kind of igloo and the switch heating (1) is unable is to melt it afterwards.
  • the method according to the invention further comprises the steps when the heating is active
  • the calculation of the heating time in step f) can advantageously include the sub-steps
  • f2) calculating the time Ui for heating the at least one switch segment from the switch temperature of the cold rail of the switch (3) and the melting temperature to the minimum switch temperature at at least one node, f3) calculating the time t A 2 for melting the amount of snow during step f2) from the difference from the existing specific power minus the power to maintain the minimum switch temperature of the at least one turnout segment, f4) calculating the time U3 for melting the fallen snow during step f3) from the difference from the existing specific power minus the power to maintain the minimum switch temperature of the at least one turnout segment,
  • step f) The calculation of the heating time in step f) described above enables monitoring and early reporting of functional deficits in the point heater (1) instead of the occurrence of a fault.
  • a partial aspect of the method according to the invention relates to a determination of the operating limit ambient temperature (GW-T U ) of the point heater (1), comprising
  • An advantage according to the invention is that existing point heaters can be individually and optimally adapted to the changed weather conditions.
  • Another partial aspect of the method according to the invention relates to a determination of the operating limit of the amount of snow (Gw-hs) of the point heater (1), comprising
  • a further partial aspect of the method according to the invention relates to a project-specific dimensioning of the heating devices (29) and their required specific performance, comprising
  • the required melting output in the heating time which is calculated from the minimum ambient temperature until a rail temperature of at least 0 ° C is reached, for the amount of snow results from the product of heating time and snow depth per hour, and corresponds to the evaporation capacity of the remaining melt water and the required specific maintenance capacity for a rail temperature of 0 ° C at the functionally relevant points of the at least one turnout segment.
  • switch heaters (1) can be designed according to the specific local environmental conditions, for example in the mountains differently than in the flatlands.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved by a device for controlling and regulating a point heater (1), the point heater (1) having at least one on at least one point
  • heating device (14), at least one switch temperature sensor (28) on the at least one switch (3) has at least one energy distribution with at least one heating outlet per switch (3) and at least one control device for controlling and regulating the switch temperature, comprising:
  • a CPU for calculating the switch temperatures of the switch (3) for at least one switch segment, which is connected to the control device via communication means,
  • At least one junction box located away from the switch (3), which has at least one switching device that is connected via lines to the heating devices (29) of the switch (3), and measuring means for temporally recording the operating current, voltage and insulation resistance and means for limiting of maximum performance,
  • connection box at least one communication means, which is arranged in the connection box and connected to the control unit,
  • At least one precipitation sensor to record the type of precipitation
  • the device according to the invention basically has the same advantages as the method according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention provides the apparatus basis for representing a turnout (3) representatively by a turnout segment, which includes both the left side (5) of the turnout (3) and the right side (6) of the turnout (3) .
  • the heating network (26, 27) according to the invention can be formed over a representative cross section of the switch (3), with which the device according to the invention heats the entire switch (3) as evenly as possible.
  • 0 is a schematic plan view of a switch 3
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a switch segment with adjacent tongue rail 10 and tongue tongue 11,
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic representation of a heating network 26, 27 according to the invention for a turnout segment of the turnout 3 consisting of stock rail 7, tongue rail 8, sliding chair plate 9 and heating device 14,
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a program flow chart for dimensioning the output of a heating device 14 as a function of project-specific operating limit values.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of a program flow chart for evaluating the function of the point heater 1 depending on the weather and thus proof of the availability of the point switch 3 in winter with the existing power of the heating device 14 and
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a program flow chart (distributed over two pages for a better overview) for the control and regulation of a point heater 1 according to the invention.
  • the invention is described in detail below, this description not restricting the scope of protection of the patent claims on the basis of specific embodiments.
  • the present invention consists, among other things, in the control and regulation as well as the dimensioning of the heating devices 14 and the determination of operating limits of existing switch heaters by evaluating the switch temperatures of the switch 3 at the functionally relevant ones Place 19 of the switch 3 in winter for the switch heater 1 according to the invention by means of calculation.
  • this takes place via the heat network 26 of the left side 5 of the switch 3 and via the heat network 27 of the right side 6 of the switch 3 for at least one switch segment, analogously to electrical flow fields, by controlling and regulating the specific power of the heating device 14 of the switch heater 1 according to the invention by evaluating temperatures calculated at the turnout segment turnout tip 34, turnout segment turnout center 35 and turnout segment turnout 36 for the left side 5 of the turnout 3 and the right side 6 of the turnout 3 as a function of the turnout position, that is, for temperatures adjacent to the stock rail Tongue rail 10 and for remote tongue rail 1 1, and takes place depending on the weather.
  • the calculated optimal turnout temperatures T op of the turnout 3 are compared with the course over time of the real turnout temperature Tw of the turnout 3 detected by a turnout temperature sensor 28 from at least three measured values after the dead time of a heated rail has expired with the turnout temperature sensor 28 of at least one turnout 3.
  • this time course is corrected via convection losses and radiation power.
  • the above-mentioned objects are achieved by thermal modeling of the temperature profile with division of the switch 3 into switch segments of the left side 5 and the right side 6 for the areas of the switch tip 16, switch center 17 and switch end 18 which are characteristic of the function, taking into account the distance between stock rail 7 and tongue rail 8 due to the switch position, the rail profile, the type of sliding chair plate 9 with or without rollers, the type of precipitation and the Precipitation amount, the wind speed and the ambient temperature as well as a possible thermal insulation or wind insulation.
  • the time course of the switch temperatures T op of the switch 3 and the specific power losses for the switch segments during operation with the respective specific power of the heating device 14 and the specific power losses are calculated using iterative solution methods and compared with the time course of the real switch temperatures Tw of the switch 3 recorded via switch temperature sensors 28. In the event of differences, these are corrected taking into account a tolerance and evaluated at functionally relevant points 19 of the switch 3, which are decisive for the function of the switch 3 in winter, so that when operating with determined weather-dependent optimal specific power, the heating device 14 is activated and at these Set a minimum rail temperature T min of the switch.
  • a uniform heating of the left side 5 of the switch 3 and the right side 6 of the switch 3 is thus achieved over the entire length of the switch 3 with a minimal use of energy, thus ensuring high availability in winter.
  • the required specific power of the heating device 14 is determined on the basis of local borderline environmental conditions.
  • the point end temperatures T wn of the point 3 in the case of existing point heaters are determined at functionally relevant points 19 at maximum limit values of the environmental conditions at which the point heater 1 in question, with the specific power of the heating devices 14, is just barely operating in winter works. This enables the operator to decide whether this operating limit is sufficient or not sufficient for his weather conditions.
  • the required specific power of the heating device 14 for a length of, for example, one meter, which is required for the heating devices 14, is to be calculated with a program, so that the switch heating according to the invention 1 works successfully with these limit values in winter. This means that the switch 3 is kept free of snow and does not freeze.
  • minimum rail temperatures of the switch 3 are defined at the functionally relevant points 19 of the switch 3 and the power losses under these conditions from heat radiation 30,
  • This determination is carried out in such a way that, for a given rail profile, for example R54, minimum ambient temperatures and maximum amount of snow are specified, and for functionally relevant points 19 of switch segments at switch tip 34, switch center 35 and switch end 36, the temporal course and the power loss of the heat pipe 33, the melting power and the evaporation power Pv calculates and evaluates the optimal switch temperatures (T op ) and recognizes whether the entire amount of snow is melted.
  • the following project-specific entries are entered which represent the operating limit of the point heater 1 according to the invention, ie in which the function of the points 3 should still be guaranteed in winter:
  • Switch profile e.g. R54 with different dimensions and weight at the turnout tip 16, turnout center 17 and turnout end 18,
  • the calculation of the final values of the power losses for the switch segment right side 6 of the switch 3 and the switch segment left side 5 of the switch 3 takes place at a switch end temperature of the switch 3 which is at least the absolute sum of the minimum rail temperature T m in the switch 3 or the ambient temperature Tu and the lower set point temperature (e.g. 7 ° C minus 4 ° C hysteresis results in 3 ° C), the minimum rail temperature of the soft 3 of the heated rails, e.g. stock rails 7 left and right (e.g.
  • node K stock rail base and / or the parameterized minimum temperature at the functionally relevant ones Places 19, for example, corresponds to + 1 ° C., the sum of the power losses corresponding to the required specific power of the heating device 14 in watts per meter for a length of the heating device 14.
  • the horizontal areas of the turnout segment and the average density of snow e.g. of 100 kg / m 3 , at air temperatures below 0 ° C and 200 kg / m 3 at air temperatures above 0 ° C and an average specific heat of fusion of e.g. 335 kJ / Kg the required melting capacity for the amount of snow is determined in one hour.
  • Snow begins to melt at 0 ° C.
  • the total required specific power of the heating devices 14 results from the sum of the power losses at, for example, 0 ° C. and the melting power of the amount of snow, which, for example, 0 ° C. on the foot-rail rail between the start of heating and reaching the minimum rail temperature T min of the switch 3 is.
  • the amount of snow fallen is determined from the amount of snow recorded and the time until the minimum rail temperature T min of the switch 3, which corresponds to the melting temperature of snow, is reached.
  • a successful function of the switch heater 1 according to the invention in winter is to ensure a minimum rail temperature T Mm of the switch 3 on the left side 5 of the switch 3 and right side 6 of the switch 3 at the functionally relevant points 19 of the switch 3, the minimum rail temperature T Mm of the switch 3 Melting temperature of ice and snow corresponds.
  • Tongue rail head (index Ko-Zu)
  • the function of the switch heater 1 according to the invention is evaluated positively if the following conditions are met.
  • the factor k takes into account temperature differences due to heat conduction between the locations T Fu-Ba> T target
  • typical turnout segments are evaluated for the left side 5 of turnout 3 and the right side 6 of turnout 3 via the areas turnout tip 35, turnout center 36 and turnout end 37 left side 5 of the turnout 3 and the right side 6 of the turnout 3 of a turnout segment, for example:
  • the following measures can be activated to ensure the function of the switch 3 with minimal energy consumption over the entire operating range.
  • an early warning message or message change the turnout 3 and / or preheat to a low rail setpoint temperature of the turnout 3, so that in extreme weather conditions such as heavy snowfall the snow melts immediately.
  • the switch heater 1 For the successful functioning of the switch heater 1 according to the invention, uniform heating of the functionally relevant points 19 of the switch 3 of the adjacent and remote tongue rail 8 is required. Since the switch 3 is continuously changed in operation depending on the direction of travel and no sensors for detecting the position of the tongue rail 8 are possible for the switch position, it is proposed to evaluate the calculated time course of the switch temperature of the switch 3 on the left side 5 of the switch 3 and on the right side 6 of the switch 3 to detect the position of the tongue rails 8.
  • additional heating regime "preheating" is activated, for example in the event of possible extreme weather conditions, via separate weather data from a local weather station or via a weather service in such a way that a second rail setpoint temperature Switch 3 is calculated and the switch heater 1 according to the invention is switched into operation via preheating and is regulated to this second rail setpoint temperature of the switch 3, the second rail setpoint temperature of the switch 3 being so great that when the actual weather extremes occur, the snow melts and the function of the Switch 3 guaranteed and if the extreme weather does not occur, the preheating is ended.
  • the heating devices 14 are always activated one after the other during operation, i.e. First activate the heating device 14 of the first rail with a power ratio of 100% and after reaching the desired rail temperature of the switch 3 Activate the heating device 29 of the second rail in the heating breaks of the heating device 14 of the first rail and in normal operation, i.e. if both rails have target rail temperature of the switch 3, group operation or wave packet control or simultaneous heating operation of all the heating devices 14, 29 takes place with reduced specific power or active heating time, the sum of the specific power of the heating devices 14, 29 of the left side 5 of the switch 3 and the right Page 6 of the switch 3 correspond at most to the specific performance of the heating device 14.
  • a switch 3 is shown schematically in plan view in FIG.
  • the turnout 3 is divided into turnout tip 16, turnout center 17 and turnout end 18.
  • Back rails 7 and tongue rails 8 are shown.
  • the assignment of the right side 6 of the switch 3 takes place from the tongue tip 16 in the direction of view (reference number 2) to the switch end 18.
  • On the left side 5 of the switch 3 is the remote tongue rail 11 and on the right side 6 of the switch 3, the adjacent tongue rail 10 is shown.
  • a switch temperature sensor 28 is arranged on a stock rail 7, here on the left side 5 of the switch 3.
  • a turnout segment turnout tip 34 In the area of the turnout tip 16 there is, for example, a turnout segment turnout tip 34, in the area of the turnout center 17 there is a turnout segment turnout center 35 and in the turnout area 18 a turnout segment turnout end 36 is arranged for the left side 5 of the turnout 3 and the right side 6 of the turnout 3 .
  • the turnout temperature sensor 28 is located on the turnout tip on the right side 6 of the turnout 3 or on the left side 5 of the turnout 3.
  • the support lugs 13 present in the support lug area are also shown; these serve to support the tongue runner 8 on the side of the adjacent tongue rail 10 compared to the stock rail 7 when driving the tongue rail 8 by train.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional illustration of the switch 3 from FIG. 0 on the switch segment switch tip 34 with the left side 5 of the switch 3 and the right side 6 of the switch 3.
  • the remote one On the left side 5 of the switch 3 is the remote one
  • Tongue rail 11 and on the right side 6 of the switch 3 the adjacent tongue rail 12 is shown.
  • the functionally relevant points 19 of the switch 3 in winter are shown on the left-hand side 6 of the switch 3 by the evaluation points (37 to 43.
  • These function-relevant points 19, characterized by the evaluation points 37 to 43 in winter at negative ambient temperatures, are to be identified by the switch heater 1 according to the invention are heated in such a way that the snow or ice thereon is melted.
  • the evaluation points 37 to 43 on the left side 5 and on the right side (69 of the switch of the switch 3 are the evaluation points foot-jaw rail 37, web-jaw rail 38, Head-
  • the turnout temperature sensor 28 is arranged on the left stock rail 7 between two sleepers 24 and the real turnout temperatures Tw detected on the stock rail 7 on the left side 5 of the turnout 3 can be calculated with the calculated optimal turnout temperatures at this function-relevant point 19 with the calculated optimal turnout temperatures T w. op compared and corrected for differences.
  • the route of the switch 3 is continuously changed by adjusting the tongue rails 8, on the left side 5 of the switch 3 and on the right side 6 of the switch 3 the tongue rail 8 is alternately attached or detached from the stock rail 7. Sensors for detecting the position of the tongue rail 8 are not available.
  • the detection of the position of the tongue rails 8 on or against the stock rails 7 is carried out by evaluating the calculated optimum switch temperatures T w- 0p at respective evaluation points of the functionally relevant points 19, preferably at the evaluation point head-tongue rail 41.
  • the switch is made with a heating device 14 on the stock rail foot heated.
  • the heating is switched off with two-point control and after a slight overshoot of the real switch temperature due to the mass of the rail up to time t 7, it cools down to time te and the heating current (I N ) becomes at this time switched on again.
  • the time from ti to t is referred to as the heating time t A and the time from te to tg with the control time.
  • the sliding chair plate lying away from the heating device and not provided with heating device 14 is only heated very slowly and at the time te has a very low real switch temperature T w- outer GL , which is far below the set point temperature.
  • the parameterized hysteresis of, for example, 4 ° C switches off the heating current for all the heating devices of the switch, so that cooling also begins on the sliding chair plate.
  • the switch temperature difference ATw at the time te between the stock rails and the sliding chair platform is very large. This
  • Switch temperature difference DT w is so great at an ambient temperature of e.g. - 15 ° C that the switch temperature on the outside of the sliding chair plate is less than 0 ° C even after a very long time and the switch sets ice at this point and can freeze.
  • FIG. 2 shows the time profile of the heating current I N when the heating request is on, which turns on and in during operation between zero and maximum heating current IN depending on the switch temperature at the base of the stock rail is switched off and this results in power peaks between zero and nominal current.
  • the temperatures are measured on the turnout temperature sensor (28) and for evaluating or correcting the calculated optimal turnout temperatures.
  • FIG. 3 shows a heat network 26 according to the invention for the switch 3 of the switch 3 for the left side 5 of the switch 3 and partially an analog heat network 27 for the right side 6 of the switch 3 corresponding to a sectional view according to FIG. 1 at any area of the switch 3, which are connected via the node K ambient temperature K TU .
  • Heating devices 14, 29 are arranged, for example, on the inside of the stock rail 7 on the stock rail foot.
  • the heating network 26 for the left side 5 of the switch 3 and the heating network 27 for the right side 6 of the switch 3 are based on a sectional view along the sliding chair plate 9 on the left side 5 of the switch 3 and the opposite sliding chair plate 9 on the right side 6 of the Turnout 3 and the cross section of the stock rail 7 and the tongue rail 8 on the left side 5 of the turnout 3 and the stock rail 7 and tongue rail 8 on the right side 6 of the turnout 3 on any turnout area 4 of the turnout 3 with symbols heating device 29, symbols heat radiation 30 , Symbols convection 31, symbols heat conduction 33 and symbols heat storage 32 between the functionally relevant points 19 of the switch 3, which are represented by node K.
  • the heating network 26 of the left side 5 of the switch 3 there is a heating network between the ambient temperature Tu, which is represented by node K ambient temperature K TU , and functionally relevant points 19, which are also represented by node K, which is calculated using known rules .
  • the nodes K for the functionally relevant points 19 of the switch 3 for the heating network 26 for the left side 5 of the switch 3 and for the heating network 27 for the right side 6 of the switch 3 are the same and correspond to the evaluation points 37 to 43, but the power losses of adjacent tongue rail 10 and remote tongue rail 11 are different.
  • the following table shows the relationship between the functionally relevant points 19, the corresponding node K and the required switch temperature Tw, which is calculated at the respective node K with the designation T w- op and is evaluated in a separate program for the heating network 26 for the left side 5 of the switch 3.
  • the heating network 27 for the right side 6 of the switch 3 is connected analogously to this and via the node K ambient temperature K TU .
  • the turnout segment is broken down into sections and each section is represented by a node K, which indicates the average turnout temperature Tw of the assigned section.
  • the size of the sections or the number of nodes K depend on the required replication accuracy.
  • the power losses and heat resistances and heat capacities are calculated from the material properties, the geometric sizes and the prevailing loads from heating current I N and the environment.
  • the connection of the nodes K through resistors, capacitors and voltage sources creates a network that can be solved numerically using the set of nodes and meshes. If the power balance is created for a node K, the Kirchhoff theorem (node set) applies.
  • the heating time U is first shown. If the conditions for the heating operation are fulfilled, for example in the case of snow, the heating is put into operation via the heating request signal from the control unit and the heating devices 14 on the stock rails 7 are switched on and, after the desired setpoint temperature Tsoii has been reached, controlled via two-point control with hysteresis, and thereby the parts of the switch 3 warmed.
  • the tongue rails 8 and sliding chair plates 9, which are not provided with a heating device 14, are heated by heat conduction and radiation.
  • the heating time U begins when the heating is activated and ends when the set point temperature Tsoii is reached at a point temperature sensor 28 which is arranged under the base on a stock rail 7.
  • the duration of the heating-up time U depends on many factors and should be calculated, monitored and measures taken if necessary to ensure availability.
  • the heating time U is calculated for at least one turnout segment for the left side 5 of the turnout 3 and the right side 6 of the turnout 3 in several steps, taking into account times in which the turnout segment is heated up to the minimum turnout temperature Tw-min of the turnout 3, Melt snow, evaporate water and then up to switch point temperature Tsoii of switch 3.
  • Tw-min minimum turnout temperature
  • Tsoii switch point temperature
  • FIG. 4 the course over time of the turnout temperature Tw-Fu-Ba of the turnout 3 at the foot of a stock rail 7 and the turnout temperature T W-GL- SU outside of the turnout 3 of the sliding chair plate 9 on one side, for example the left side 5 of the turnout 3.
  • the individual time periods are explained below. Due to the inertia there is a dead time ⁇ t of ti to t 2 during operation. The dead time ⁇ t is calculated.
  • the heating time U is the time until the melting temperature of snow is reached until time 12 . 1. From time t 2 , the switch 3 is heated to the melting temperature Ts, which is reached at time t 2 .1. The heating time U is calculated using the thermal resistance R th and thermal capacity Ct h and the determined using the heating network model Power loss of the switch 3 on the basis of the time course starting from the switch temperature of the cold rail TK of the switch 3 until the melting temperature Ts is reached, for example using the formulas
  • the time for melting the amount of snow that has fallen or is required for specific projects consists of two partial times U2 and t A 3.
  • the time for melting the amount of snow is calculated from time ⁇ A I and during time t A 3, that during time t A 2 fallen snow amount calculated.
  • the melting capacity per hour is calculated from the amount of snow hs and the horizontal surfaces of the turnout segment and an average density of snow, e.g. from 100 kg / m 3 at air temperatures below 0 ° C and 200 kg / m 3 at air temperatures above 0 ° C and one average specific heat of fusion of, for example, 335 kJ / kg. Snow begins to melt at 0 ° C.
  • the specific power is therefore calculated, for example, at a switch temperature of 0 ° C. on the stock rail 7, taking into account the required optimal specific power of the heating device 14 for maintaining the melting temperature of the stock rail 7, which corresponds to the sum of the power losses at this melting temperature.
  • the total heating time tA2 plus ⁇ AN H3 for melting the total amount of snow from the heating time t Ai and the heating time t A 2 is calculated from the product of the melting capacity per hour and the sum of time ⁇ AN HI and time ⁇ AN H2 and dead time tr .
  • the heating time t A 4 begins at time 1 2.3 and ends when the target rail temperature Tsoii of the switch 3 is reached by the switch temperature sensor 28.
  • the heating time t A 4 is calculated on the basis of the thermal resistance R th and thermal capacity C th and the heat loss based on the heat loss the course of time starting from the melting temperature to reaching the set point temperature analogous to point 1 with a corresponding absolute point temperature from the difference between the set point temperature and the melting temperature.
  • the heating time t A 5 the snow from the heating time t A 4 is melted.
  • the calculation is carried out analogously to the heating time t A 2 or t A 3.
  • the total heating time t A lasts from time ti to t 7 and is determined and evaluated from the sum of dead time and heating times txi to t A 5.
  • FIG. 5 shows a program sequence for the dimensioning of a point heater 1 according to the invention with calculation of the required specific output of the heating devices 14 as a function of all possible project-specific input values, parameters and environmental conditions.
  • Step 2 entering parameters
  • the parameters are: minimum ambient temperature Tu-min
  • Step 3 parameterize function-relevant positions
  • Switch temperature head-cheek rail on and off (T ko-Ba-an, T ko-Ba-ab) Switch temperature head-tongue rail on and off (T ko-zu-an, T ko-zu-ab) Switch temperature outside of the chair on and off (T GL-au-an , Tc L-au-ab ) Specific amount of snow on and off (h S-an, h S-ab) at the turnout tip 16, turnout center 17 and turnout end 18 of each turnout segment.
  • the heating devices 14 are to be attached, for example, to the stock rails 7, the heating devices 14 are installed on the rail foot, and the switch 3 is to be equipped without thermal or wind insulation.
  • Each functionally relevant location 19 is represented by a node K with a location not specified here.
  • Step 4 Calculate the switch temperatures and specific power losses
  • Step 5 Calculate specific power losses SRn h for others
  • Step 6 The required specific heating power P erf results from the sum of the power losses SRn h of each turnout segment.
  • the calculated turnout end temperature of the turnout 3 at the side of the foot rail Tw-Fu-Ba-an or remote side Tw-Fu-Ba-ab is less than the set point temperature Tsoii of the turnout 3, the result is the turnout temperature of the turnout 3 at the stock rail foot (T w- Fu-Ba) is too low, the target switch temperature Tsoii of the switch 3 is not reached, continue with step 9.
  • Step 9 Increase the specific power P of the heating device 14 by one
  • Power surcharge p of, for example, 10 watts per meter and repetition of the calculation after step 4.
  • Step 10 Check, is the calculated turnout temperature of turnout 3 at side Tw-Ko-Ba-an or remote side Tw-Ko-Ba-ab on head rail lower than the minimum turnout temperature Tw-Min of turnout 3? For example, if the calculated turnout temperature of the turnout 3 on the head-stock rail T op -Ko-Ba of the adjacent or remote side is lower than the parameterized turnout temperature Tw-Min, continue with step 9. If the calculated turnout temperature of the turnout 3 is on the head-stock rail and remote side (T op -Ko-Ba-an, T o P -Ko-Ba-ab) greater than or equal to the minimum rail temperature of the switch 3, continue to step 1 1.
  • 1 1st step Check, is the calculated turnout temperature of the turnout 3 on the side T o -Ko-zu-an or remote side Tw-Ko-zu-ab lying on the head-tongue rail 21 lower than the minimum turnout temperature Tw- Min of the turnout 3? If "YES” go to step 9, if "No” go to step 12.
  • Step 12 Check, is the calculated turnout temperature of turnout 3 less than the minimum turnout temperature Tw-Min of turnout 3 on side Tw-GL-au -an or remote side Tw-GL-au-ab? If "YES” go to step 9, if "No” go to step 13.
  • Step 13 The amount of snow is melted
  • FIG. 6 shows the program sequence for the detection of the function of the point heater 1 according to the invention as a function of the minimum ambient temperature T u , the specific heater power P present, the set point temperature Tsoii of the point 3 at maximum wind speed v max for the rail profile R of the point 3 and a possible maximum amount of snow per hour hs-max and location of the heating devices 14 on the stock rail 7 and / or tongue rail 8 and / or sliding chair plate 9 are shown.
  • the limit of the function of the switch heater 1 according to the invention and thus the availability of the switch 3 in winter for a switch heater 1 which is implemented as standard can be determined and evaluated, and this also during operation with the current air temperature, amount of snow per hour and wind speed v.
  • Step 2 Enter the minimum expected ambient temperature Tumin, specific outputs of the heating device P, set point temperature Tsoii, maximum wind speed V max , rail profile R of the switch 3, maximum amount of snow per hour hs and location of the heating devices 14 on the stock rail 7 and / or tongue rail 8 and / or slide chair plate 9, switches minimum temperature T m in.
  • Step 3 The optimal specific performance heater fitting (left)
  • Step 4 For adjacent (left) side 5 of switch 3 and remote (right) side
  • a turnout segment is formed, each with a heat network model, the tongue rail 8, for example, being shown for the adjacent (left) side 5 of the turnout 3 and the tongue rail 8 for the lying (right) side 6 of the turnout 3 , and the calculation of the turnout temperature T of the turnout 3 at the time t6 of the heating time ⁇ A when the desired turnout temperature Tsoii of the turnout 3 is reached is calculated by calculating the power losses radiation Pst, convection PK, heat conduction PL, heat of fusion Psm and heat storage Pc with specific power heater P and by calculating the maintenance power at time t2.1 of the heating time ⁇ A when the minimum switch temperature T min of the switch 3 is reached.
  • Step 5 Output of the switch temperatures T and the sum of the
  • Step 6 Check, the calculated optimum switch temperature T of the switch 3 at the switch temperature sensor 28, e.g. on the left-hand side adjacent to the foot and cheek rail, and the remote (right) side 6, is greater than the desired setpoint temperature Tsoii of the switch 3, taking into account a factor k, for example of 1, 5? If "YES” go to step 7. If "NO” go to step 13 ..
  • Step 7 Check, is the calculated optimal switch temperature T of the switch 3 on the head-tongue rail (left side 5) and off (right side 6) greater than or equal to the minimum switch temperature of switch 3? If “YES” go to step 8. If “NO” go to step 13 ..
  • Step 8 Check, is the calculated optimal switch temperature T of the switch 3 adjacent to the outer sliding chair plate (left side 5) and remote (right side 6) greater than or equal to the minimum switch temperature of switch 3? If “YES” go to step 14. If “NO” go to step 13 ..
  • Step 9 determine the required specific power from the sum of
  • Step 10 Check is the required specific power of the adjacent (left)
  • Step 11 The amount of snow fallen is less than or equal to the melted one
  • Amount of snow The fallen snow is melted during the heating time.
  • Step 12 The amount of snow fallen is larger than the amount of melted
  • Step 13 Output deficit for adjacent and remote page with text not specified here.
  • Step 14 Output of the operating limit values with, for example, minimum values
  • the same program can be integrated into the open-loop and closed-loop control by reading the current ambient temperature, wind speed and amount of snow instead of minimum or maximum values and activating suitable corrective measures or warning messages.
  • a suitable correction is, for example, to arrange additional heating devices on the sliding chair plates 9 or tongue rails 8 and to activate the heating devices on them first, so that the possible problems are solved on account of the low mass.
  • FIG. 7 shows the program flow chart for the control and regulation of a point heater 1 according to the invention for a point 3 with rail profile R54 by calculating and evaluating the course over time of the point temperatures of the point 3, the point end temperature of the point 3 and the heating time t A in winter Ice cream and Snow correspond to functionally relevant locations 19 of a turnout segment with a specific length I seg for a left side and a right side at a point of the turnout 3 which is not specified in any more detail.
  • FIG. 7 correspond to the evaluation point foot-cheek rail 37, evaluation point head-tongue rail 41, evaluation point foot-tongue rails 40, evaluation point middle sliding chair plate 42 and evaluation point outer sliding chair plate 43 for the left side 5 of the switch 3 and the right side 6 of the turnout 3 over the length of the turnout 3, which are characterized by turnout areas 4 turnout tip 16, turnout center 17 and turnout end 18, each turnout area being characterized by a turnout segment left side 5 of the turnout 3 and an opposite turnout segment on the right side 6 of the switch 3 is represented.
  • the switch 3 is divided into the left side 5 and the right side 6, for example, from the switch tip 16 in the direction of the switch end 18.
  • the entry is made for a switch 3 with a heating device 14 with a specific power P of 330 watts per meter on the stock rails 7. Die
  • Soft target temperature of the filter 3 is 7 ° C
  • the soft minimum temperature Tw min of the switch 3 for the melting of snow on the switch 3 is v +/- 0 ° C and a minimum power ratio L parameterized by 40%, so that the optimum specific Power P op of the heater 14 is set to 330 W / m multiplied by 40% equal to 132 W / m at the start of operation.
  • the location of the turnout temperature sensor 28 W T is, for example, the left side 5 of turnout 3.
  • the operating range values are from the operator of turnout 3 with rail profile R54 for an ambient temperature down to - 20 ° C with a maximum wind speed of up to 0.8 m / s and one maximum amount of snow up to 5 cm / h. Up to these
  • the function of the switch 3 is to be ensured by the switch heater 1 according to the invention by ensuring the required minimum switch temperature T w- min at the functionally relevant points 19 and corresponding optimal specific power P op for melting the amount of snow hs.
  • Step 3 Read in soft segment 1 left side and right side of the current ambient temperature, turnout temperature, amount of snow, type of precipitation, amount of precipitation and wind speed.
  • Step 4 Calculate the turnout temperatures of turnout 3 and power dissipation in the power balance (stationary end value) at 6 nodes in the heat network model 26 for the left side 5 of the switch 3 and in the heat network model 27 the right side 6 of the switch 3. In addition, calculate the maintenance power at time t 2.i. (Power required to maintain the temperature at 0 ° C). Step 5. Check if there is a heating requirement due to snow or low ambient temperatures. If yes go to step 6 if no go to step 2.
  • Step 6 Check whether the current time is greater than the dead time. If yes go to step 7, if no go to step 8
  • Step 7 When the dead time has elapsed, measure the turnout temperature of turnout 3 using the turnout temperature sensor and compare it with the calculated turnout temperature at the respective node K and calculate the turnout end temperature using a time constant or model parameters.
  • Step 8 Check whether the switch temperature of the switch 3 head tongue rail on the left side is higher than the switch temperature of the switch 3 head tongue rail on the right side. If “Yes", the left side is the adjacent tongue rail 8 (assumption switch point head tongue rail is higher, so it is recognized whether the switch has been changed in the meantime).
  • Step 9 Check if left side or right side location of the
  • Switch temperature sensor is.
  • the left side is the location of the turnout temperature sensor 28.
  • On the side with turnout temperature sensor 28 continue with step 10
  • On the side without turnout temperature sensor continue with step 12. It is possible to equip both sides with turnout temperature sensors.
  • Step 10 Assign turnout temperature to adjacent side
  • Step 1 Check whether the calculated turnout temperature of the turnout is 3 feet
  • the stock rail attached to the turnout is equal to the real turnout temperature of the turnout 3-foot stock rail, taking into account a turnout temperature tolerance, if "No” go to step 19, if "Yes” go to step 12.
  • Step 12 Check that the calculated turnout temperature of the turnout is 3 feet
  • Stock rail is greater than the set point temperature of the turnout 3 plus a constant and minus the ambient temperature. If “No” increase the power ratio Lv by a factor of x (in the example 10%) and go to step 2, if "Yes” go to step 13.
  • Step 13 Check whether maintenance performance plus the heat of fusion Ps m is less than or equal to the optimal performance at time t. If “No” increase the power ratio Lv by a factor of x (in the example 10%) and go to step 2, if "Yes” go to step 14.
  • Step 14 Check whether the heating time of the base of the stock rail t A-Fu-Ba is less than or equal to the maximum heating time t A-max . If “No” increase the power ratio Lv by a factor of x (in the example 10%) and go to step 2, if "Yes” go to step 15.
  • Step 15 Check whether the temperature of the tongue rail head Tko-too is greater than or equal to the minimum switch temperature T min . If “No” increase the set point temperature Tsoii by a factor of y (in the example 0.5 K) and go to step 2, if "Yes” go to step 16.
  • Step 16 Check whether the temperature at the base of the TF U -Z U tongue rail is greater than or equal to the minimum switch temperature T min . If “No” increase the set point temperature Tsoii by a factor of y (in the example 0.5 K) and go to step 2, if "Yes” go to step 17.
  • Step 17 Check whether the temperature in the middle of the glider Tc L-mi is greater than or equal to the minimum switch temperature T min . If “No” increase the set point temperature Tsoii by a factor of y (in the example 0.5 K) and go to step 2, if "Yes” go to step 18.
  • Step 18 Check whether the temperature at the outer edge of the sliding chair Tc L-au is greater than or equal to the minimum switch temperature T min . If “No” increase the set point temperature Tsoii by a factor of y (in the example 0.5 K) and go to step 2, if "Yes” go to step 20.
  • Step 19 Correct the calculation from step 4 using a correction factor for adjusting the convection losses or radiation power. If the calculated turnout temperature of the turnout 3 foot stock rail is lower than the real turnout temperature of the turnout 3 foot stock rail taking into account a turnout temperature tolerance, the heat transfer coefficient convection a is reduced by the factor n (in example 1) and continue to step 4 If the calculated turnout temperature of the turnout 3 foot stock rail is greater than the real turnout temperature of the turnout 3 foot stock rail taking into account a turnout temperature tolerance, the wind speed V is increased by the factor n (in example 1) and continue to step 4.
  • Step 20 Output the optimal power P op -u for the left side of the switch 3 and the optimal power P op-Re for the right side of the switch 3 for the following cycle time t z.
  • the present invention specifies a method in which the heat network model according to the invention changes at least one heating device 14 by comparing the calculated point temperatures with parameterized point minimum temperatures, the target temperature and / or the specific power.
  • the heat network model according to the invention verifies the calculated switch temperatures by means of a comparison with switch temperatures detected by a switch temperature sensor 28 by correcting the power convection and / or the power radiation.
  • the heat network model according to the invention also generates a warning message in the control device before the operating limit for a control system is exceeded and on site.
  • the heating network determines the heating-up time before and during operation and activates an additional heating regime preheating via the control unit if, depending on the predicted environmental conditions via weather service, the maximum amount of snow is exceeded during the heating-up time and / or the amount of snow is not melted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour commander/réguler un chauffage (1) d'aiguillage, qui présente au moins un dispositif (14) de chauffage disposé sur au moins un aiguillage (3), au moins un capteur de température (28) d'aiguillage sur l'aiguillage ou les aiguillages (3), au moins une distribution d'énergie pourvue d'au moins une sortie de chauffage par aiguillage (3) et au moins un dispositif de commande pour commander/réguler la température de l'aiguillage. Un réseau (26, 27) de chauffage est formé en particulier pour le ou les segments d'aiguillage pour le côté gauche (5) et/ou pour le côté droit (6) de l'aiguillage ou des aiguillages (3), lequel réseau présente des éléments de production de chaleur, des éléments de transmission de chaleur et des accumulateurs de chaleur (32). Le ou les premiers nœuds (K) respectifs des parties respectives du ou des segments d'aiguillage sont associés à au moins un point d'évaluation (37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43).
PCT/IB2019/057768 2018-09-16 2019-09-16 Procédé et dispositif pour commander et réguler un chauffage d'aiguillage Ceased WO2020053842A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

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EP19787440.7A EP3850154B1 (fr) 2018-09-16 2019-09-16 Procédé et dispositif de contrôle pour commander et réguler un chauffage d'aiguillage
DK19787440.7T DK3850154T3 (da) 2018-09-16 2019-09-16 Fremgangsmåde og styreanordning til styring og regulering af en sporskifteopvarmning
CN201980060364.XA CN112823224B (zh) 2018-09-16 2019-09-16 转辙器加热系统的开环和闭环控制方法和装置

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DE102018007263.1 2018-09-16
DE102018007263.1A DE102018007263B4 (de) 2018-09-16 2018-09-16 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung und Regelung einer Weichenheizung

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WO2020053842A3 WO2020053842A3 (fr) 2020-05-07

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CN (1) CN112823224B (fr)
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WO2025010513A1 (fr) 2023-07-12 2025-01-16 Backer Elc Ag Dispositif de modernisation et procédé de modernisation, de commande et de surveillance, et de gestion d'énergie de systèmes de chauffage d'aiguillages existants

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DE102018007263B4 (de) 2023-03-30
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