WO2020076099A1 - 복합 전해질막 및 상기 복합 전해질막을 포함하는 전고체 전지 - Google Patents
복합 전해질막 및 상기 복합 전해질막을 포함하는 전고체 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020076099A1 WO2020076099A1 PCT/KR2019/013300 KR2019013300W WO2020076099A1 WO 2020076099 A1 WO2020076099 A1 WO 2020076099A1 KR 2019013300 W KR2019013300 W KR 2019013300W WO 2020076099 A1 WO2020076099 A1 WO 2020076099A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite solid electrolyte membrane comprising an electrolyte layer and a phase change layer and an all-solid-state battery comprising the same.
- the electrochemical device is the most attracting field in this aspect, and among them, the development of a secondary battery capable of charging and discharging has become a focus of interest, and recently, in developing such a battery, a new electrode to improve capacity density and specific energy. Research and development are being conducted on the design of the over battery.
- lithium secondary batteries developed in the early 1990s have the advantage of higher operating voltage and higher energy density than conventional batteries such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd, and sulfuric acid-lead batteries using aqueous electrolyte solutions. Is in the limelight.
- the present invention aims to provide a composite electrolyte membrane including a phase change layer in order to solve the above problems.
- another object of the present invention to provide an all-solid-state battery comprising the composite electrolyte membrane.
- the present invention is to solve the above problems, and relates to a composite electrolyte membrane for an all-solid-state battery.
- the first aspect of the present invention relates to the composite electrolyte membrane, wherein the composite electrolyte membrane is sequentially stacked with an electrolyte layer and a phase conversion layer, and the phase conversion layer includes a plurality of pores and a porous sheet comprising a polymer resin. And a filling material filling the pores of the porous sheet, wherein the filling material exists in a solid state at 26 ° C. or lower, and in a liquid state at a temperature of 35 ° C. or higher.
- the filling material is ethylene carbonate (EC), polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more (poly ethylene glycol, PEG), succinonitrile (succinonitrile, SN) ) And cyclic phosphate (cyclic phosphate, CP) any one selected from the group consisting of or a mixture of two or more of them.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PEG polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more
- succinonitrile succinonitrile
- SN succinonitrile
- cyclic phosphate cyclic phosphate, CP
- the electrolyte layer includes a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, an oxide-based solid electrolyte and a polymer-based solid electrolyte, and the polymer-based solid electrolyte includes a polymer resin and lithium. It contains salt.
- the electrolyte layer is a polymer resin layer containing a polymer resin and a surface facing the phase change layer of both sides of the polymer resin layer. Lithium salt coated lithium salt layer is formed on all or at least a part.
- the electrolyte layer includes a polymer resin and a lithium salt
- the polymer resin is a polyether-based polymer, polycarbonate-based polymer, acrylate -Based polymer, polysiloxane-based polymer, phosphazene-based polymer, polyethylene derivative, alkylene oxide derivative, phosphate ester polymer, poly-agitation lysine, polyester sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylidene fluoride It includes, wherein the lithium salt and the polymer resin are mixed in a ratio of 1: 5 to 1:30 in a molar ratio.
- the porous sheet includes a polyolefin-based polymer resin, and is a film or nonwoven fabric having a porosity of 30 vol% to 80 vol%.
- the seventh aspect of the present invention relates to an all-solid-state battery, wherein the all-solid-state battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a composite electrolyte membrane interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and the electrolyte layer of the composite electrolyte membrane faces the negative electrode, and The conversion layer is disposed to face the anode, and the composite electrolyte membrane is according to any one of the first to sixth aspects described above.
- the filling material of the phase conversion layer is liquefied by reacting with a lithium salt, and the liquefied filling material is between the phase conversion layer and the electrolyte layer, and It is maintained to fill the interface between the phase change layer and the anode.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery.
- the ninth aspect of the present invention relates to the method for manufacturing the battery, the method comprising: (S1) preparing a negative electrode, (S2) forming a solid electrolyte layer on the surface of the negative electrode, (S3) preparing a porous sheet, and Impregnating this with a liquid filling material, cooling the resultant of (S4) (S3) to solidify the filling material to form a phase change layer, (S5) laminating the phase change layer on the electrolyte layer, And (S6) preparing and stacking the anode on the phase conversion layer.
- (S7) is further performed by forming a lithium salt layer by applying a lithium salt on the electrolyte layer before performing the step (S5).
- the step (S8) of liquefying the filling materials is further performed by heating the battery manufactured after the step (S6) and standing for a predetermined time.
- an electrode for example, a phase conversion layer is disposed on a surface facing the anode.
- the phase change layer is liquefied by the filling material by heating, such as an increase in the temperature inside the battery, thereby physically disconnecting the contact between the positive electrode and the composite electrolyte membrane, that is, filling a dead space, thereby filling the electrolyte membrane and the electrode.
- the interface resistance can be lowered.
- the filling material of the phase change layer is liquefied, thereby reducing the dead space between the composite electrolyte membrane and the electrode interface, thereby reducing contact non-uniformity between the composite electrolyte membrane and the electrode surface. Accordingly, the adhesion between the electrode and the porous polymer sheet layer can be increased, and the interface resistance between the porous polymer sheet layer and the electrolyte layer can be lowered.
- the phase change layer may fill the dead space in the electrode by liquefying the filled filling material. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the ion conductivity of lithium ions and lower the resistance, and improve the lifespan performance of the battery.
- the phase change layer may be liquefied with the filled charge to react with a negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode to form a SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode to increase the lifespan performance of the battery.
- the filling material filling the phase conversion layer is liquefied and functions as a liquid electrolyte, the ion conductivity of the battery may be increased to improve the output of the battery.
- the all-solid-state battery according to the present invention includes a porous sheet layer, it is possible to prevent softening of the polymer electrolyte generated by contacting the liquefied liquid electrolyte with the electrolyte layer and deterioration of mechanical properties. In addition, the growth of lithium dendrites can be reduced by including the porous sheet layer.
- the present invention can provide an all-solid-state battery with improved safety.
- FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 1B is a schematic diagram of a state in which the filling material of the phase change layer is liquefied as a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a state in which the filling material of the phase change layer is liquefied as a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 shows the results of the capacity retention rate evaluation experiment of the battery according to the Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
- the term "the combination (s) of these" contained on the surface of the marki form means one or more mixtures or combinations selected from the group consisting of the components described in the expression of the marki form, It means to include one or more selected from the group consisting of the above components.
- an electrolyte membrane including a solid electrolyte is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrolyte membrane serves as a separator for electrically insulating the positive electrode and the negative electrode and prevents overheating of the battery. It serves as a preventive safety device.
- the electrolyte membrane can move lithium ions to the ion conductive layer, it enables charging and discharging of the battery.
- the electrolyte membrane is a solid
- a separation may occur between the battery element facing the electrolyte membrane, for example, the solid electrolyte membrane and the electrode, which becomes a void without ion conductivity, that is, a death space.
- the current is concentrated in a portion that is not a dead space, and thus the production of lithium dendrites can be accelerated.
- an internal short circuit may occur due to the growth of dendrites.
- the present invention has devised a composite electrolyte membrane in which a phase change layer is disposed on the surface of the electrolyte membrane.
- the composite electrolyte membrane has a structure in which an electrolyte layer and a phase change layer are sequentially stacked.
- the composite electrolyte membrane is used as an electrolyte membrane for an all-solid-state battery, and the electrolyte layer includes a solid electrolyte material.
- the phase conversion layer includes a porous sheet and a filling material filling the pores of the porous sheet, and the filling material exists in a solid state at room temperature or below, and at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher, in a liquid state with fluidity. It means a substance whose phase changes. Normal temperature in the present specification means 23 ° C to 26 ° C, and may be 24 ° C or more within the above range.
- the composite electrolyte membrane is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and can be applied as an electrolyte membrane for an all-solid-state battery.
- the phase conversion layer may be disposed to face the electrode, for example, it may be disposed to face the anode.
- 1A schematically illustrates a cross-section of a composite electrolyte membrane and a battery 100 including the same according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to this, the phase conversion layer 130 and the electrolyte layer 40 are interposed between the anode 110 and the cathode 120, and the phase conversion layer is disposed to face the anode.
- the electrolyte layer includes a solid electrolyte material.
- the solid electrolyte material may include at least one of a polymer-based solid electrolyte, an oxide-based solid electrolyte and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte. Since the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention plays a role of transferring lithium ions in the electrode, a material having high ion conductivity, for example, 10 -6 s / cm or more, 10 -5 s / cm or more, or 10 -4 Anything above s / cm can be used.
- the solid electrolyte material includes a polymer-based solid electrolyte material.
- the polymer-based solid electrolyte is a polymer solid electrolyte formed by adding a polymer resin to a solvated lithium salt, or an organic electrolyte, an ionic liquid, a monomer, or an oligomer containing an organic solvent and a lithium salt. It may be a polymer gel electrolyte containing a polymer resin and the like.
- the polymer-based solid electrolyte is a polymer resin, for example, polyether-based polymer, polycarbonate-based polymer, acrylate-based polymer, polysiloxane-based polymer, phosphazene-based polymer, polyethylene derivative, Alkylene oxide derivatives such as polyethyleye oxide (PEO), phosphoric acid ester polymers, poly agitation lysine, polyester sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymers containing ionic dissociative groups, and the like.
- PEO polyethyleye oxide
- phosphoric acid ester polymers such as polyethyleye oxide (PEO), phosphoric acid ester polymers
- polyester sulfide polyvinyl alcohol
- polyvinylidene fluoride polymers containing ionic dissociative groups, and the like.
- the polymer solid electrolyte is a polymer resin, a branched copolymer obtained by copolymerizing an amorphous polymer such as PMMA, polycarbonate, polysiloxane (pdms) and / or phosphazene in a polyethylene oxide (PEO) main chain as a comonomer, comb polymer resin (comb-like polymer) and crosslinked polymer resin, and the like, and may include a mixture of the polymers.
- PMMA polymer resin
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- the polymer gel electrolyte comprises an organic electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt and a polymer resin, and the organic electrolyte solution contains 60 to 400 parts by weight based on the weight of the polymer resin.
- the polymer applied to the gel electrolyte is not limited to a specific component, for example, polyether-based, PVC-based, PMMA-based, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinyl fluoride Liden-hexafluoropropylene (poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene: PVdF-HFP) may be included, and may be a mixture of the polymers.
- the lithium salt is Li + X - can be represented by.
- the lithium salt comprises a Li + as the cation, the anion is F -, Cl -, Br - , I -, NO 3 -, N (CN) 2 -, BF 4 -, ClO 4 -, AlO 4 -, AlCl 4 -, PF 6 -, SbF6 -, AsF 6 -, F 2 C 2 O 4 -, BC 4 O 8 -, (CF 3) 2 PF 4 -, (CF 3) 3 PF 3 -, ( CF 3) 4 PF 2 -, (CF 3) 5 PF -, (CF 3) 6 P -, CF 3 SO 3 -, C 4 F 9 SO 3 -, CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N -, (F 2 SO 2) 2 N -, CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3) 2
- the lithium salt and the polymer resin may be included in a ratio of 1: 5 to 1:30 based on the molar ratio.
- the polymer resin is polyethylene oxide
- [EO]: [Li + ] may have a range of 5: 1 to 30: 1 in a molar ratio.
- the phase change layer includes a porous sheet and a filling material filling the pores of the porous sheet.
- the porous sheet is a porous film or nonwoven material containing a polymer material and including a plurality of pores.
- a separator material for an electrochemical device it can be used without particular limitation.
- the pores are structured to be interconnected with each other, so that gas or liquid can pass from one side of the substrate to the other.
- the porous sheet may have a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the liquefied filling material can be sufficiently impregnated, and the distance at which lithium ions travel is short, so that the ion conductivity of the composite electrolyte membrane can be maintained at a desired level.
- the porosity of the porous sheet may range from 30 vol% to 80 vol%. Within this range, the porosity may have a value of 60 vol% or less, 50 vol% or less, or 40 vol% or less, or 30 vol% or less. In addition, within the above range, the porosity may have a value of 20 vol% or more, 30 vol% or more, 40 vol% or more, or 60 vol% or more. For example, the porosity may have a value of 30 vol% to 60 vol%.
- the filling material used in the present invention may exhibit a function as a plasticizer for softening a polymer material.
- porosity in the present invention can be measured by the following method.
- the method of measuring the porosity was measured by the diameter of the pores filled with mercury at a constant pressure according to ASTM D 4284-92 standard, the range of the applied pressure is between 0.5 ⁇ 60,000 psi Porosity is measured by measuring the pores at each constant pressure while continuously applying pressure, and measuring the volume of mercury filled in the separator. The porosity measurement is automatically measured and the calculated value is output.
- the equipment that can be used is Autopore IV 9500 from Micrometrics, and the size range of the measurable pores is 0.003 ⁇ m to 360 ⁇ m.
- the porous sheet is polyethylene; Polypropylene; Polybutylene; Polypentene; Polyhexene; Polyoxen; Or copolymers of two or more of ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, 4-methylpentene, hexene, and octene; It can include any one or a mixture of two or more of them. However, it is not limited thereto.
- the porous sheet can reduce the growth of lithium dendrites and increase the mechanical strength of the composite electrolyte membrane. This seems to be because the porous polymer sheet layer itself serves as a support layer, and at the same time, the liquefied plasticizer and lithium salt are impregnated in the porous polymer sheet layer to fill the pores in the porous polymer sheet layer.
- the filling material may be used as an organic solvent for a liquid electrolyte in the art, and is solid at room temperature and melted and liquefied, for example, at a temperature of about 30 ° C. or higher as the temperature increases.
- the filling material maintains a solid state at a temperature below room temperature, but melts and changes into a liquid phase when the internal temperature rises during a aging step or battery operation of the battery and exceeds a certain temperature condition.
- the filling material may be liquefied.
- the liquefied filling material may act as a solvent for the lithium salt. That is, the lithium salt in contact with the liquefied filling material is dissolved in it and liquidified.
- the filling material has a property of solidifying again when the temperature is lowered, but when it is liquefied and then mixed with a lithium salt, the liquid state is maintained without being solidified even if the temperature falls below the melting point. This is because the melting point is lowered when the filling material is mixed with the lithium salt.
- the temperature of the battery when driving the battery is not necessarily above the melting point of the filling material.
- the filling material is ethylene carbonate (Ethylene Carbonate), polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more, (Polyethylene glycol), succinonitrile (Succinonitrile), or cyclic phosphate (Cyclic phosphate) And mixtures of one or more of these.
- ethylene carbonate has a melting point of about 37 ° C
- polyethylene glycol Mw 1000 or more
- Mw 1000 or more has a melting point of about 35 ° C
- succinonitrile about 57 ° C
- cyclic phosphate about 65 ° C.
- PC propylene carbonate
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- PEGDME polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- DEP diethyl phthalate
- the filling material may be ethylene carbonate.
- the ethylene carbonate has a melting point of about 37 ° C. and exists in a solid state at room temperature. Ethylene carbonate is liquefied at a temperature above the melting point, and liquefied ethylene carbonate can function as a liquid electrolyte by dissolving the surrounding solid lithium salt, and has the advantage of less mixing of impurities.
- such ethylene carbonate has a high ion conductivity and oxidation reactivity (6.2V) in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and thus helps to improve the performance of the battery after SEI film formation.
- the lithium salt concentration in the liquefied filling material may be about 0.05 mol% (mol%) to 5.0 mol%, and within the above range, 0.1 mol% or more, 0.5 mol% or more, 1.0 mol % Or more, or 2.0 mol% or more, and 4.0 mol% or less, 3.0 mol% or less, or 2.0 mol% or less within the above range.
- the concentration of the lithium salt may be 0.1% to 2.5 mol%, 1.5 mol% to 2.5 mol% or 1.0 mol% to 2.0 mol%.
- the liquefied filling material may not solidify again even if the temperature subsequently decreases.
- the concentration of the lithium salt satisfies the above numerical range
- the viscosity of the lithium salt in the liquefied mixture is properly maintained, resulting in a low temperature output, which may be advantageous in terms of economy.
- it if it is within the above numerical range, it has an ionic conductivity suitable for use as a liquid electrolyte, and may have a concentration suitable for reducing the interface resistance with the electrode.
- 1B is a schematic diagram of a state in which the filling material of the phase change layer is liquefied.
- the phase conversion layer 130 and the electrolyte layer 40 are interposed between the anode 110 and the cathode 120, and the phase conversion layer is disposed to face the anode.
- the phase conversion layer 130 has a state in which the filling material is liquefied as the temperature inside the battery increases.
- the electrolyte layer may be coated with a lithium salt on all or at least a portion of one surface facing the phase conversion layer of both surfaces.
- a lithium salt on all or at least a portion of one surface facing the phase conversion layer of both surfaces.
- the electrolyte layer may be formed by a method of forming a lithium salt layer.
- the lithium salt can be used without limitation as long as it can be mixed with the liquefied filling material and exist in an ionized state, and the above-described contents can be referred to.
- FIG. 2A shows that an electrolyte layer and a phase conversion layer 230 are interposed between the anode 210 and the cathode 220, and the electrolyte layer is sequentially stacked with a polymer resin layer 240 and a lithium salt layer 250 stacked.
- the structure of the lithium salt layer 250 is shown schematically showing the composition of the composite electrolyte membrane and the battery 200 including the same, which are disposed to face the phase conversion layer 230.
- the polymer resin layer may or may not contain a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt layer is formed to cover all or at least part of the surface of the polymer resin layer with lithium salt.
- the filling material is melted and liquefied as the temperature increases, such as an increase in internal temperature during charging and discharging of the battery.
- the filling material is liquefied (230a, 250a), the liquefied filling material fills the phase conversion layer 230.
- the liquefied filling material and the lithium salt are mixed to maintain the liquid state without solidifying the filling material even if the temperature decreases.
- the liquefied filling material can reduce the interface resistance between the electrode and the composite electrolyte membrane by performing a role as a liquid electrolyte by mixing lithium salts.
- the liquid electrolyte thus produced is filled with a dead space between the composite electrolyte membrane and the electrode, as well as the pores of the porous sheet, thereby eliminating dead space without ion conductivity, improving ion conductivity, and There is an effect of improving the adhesion between the composite electrolyte membrane.
- the liquefied, liquefied, liquefied state, and liquefied state may mean a state in which a solid filling material is melted and has fluidity.
- the present invention provides an all-solid-state battery comprising the composite electrolyte membrane.
- the composite electrolyte membrane is interposed between the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and preferably, the phase conversion layer is disposed to face the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a solid electrolyte on at least one surface of the current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further include a binder resin as necessary.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, and a solid electrolyte on at least one surface of the current collector.
- the negative active material layer may further include a binder resin as necessary.
- the negative electrode is a negative electrode active material, such as lithium metal oxide, non-graphitized carbon, graphite-based carbon; Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Sn x Me 1 - x Me ' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me' : Al, B, P, Si, group 1, group 2, group 3 elements of the periodic table, halogen; metal composite oxides such as 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3;1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); Lithium metal; Lithium alloys; Silicon-based alloys; Tin-based alloys; SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 And metal oxides such as Bi 2 O 5 ; Conductive polymers
- the conductive material is, for example, graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber or metal fiber, metal powder, conductive whisker, conductive metal oxide, activated carbon and polyphenylene derivative It may be any one selected from the group consisting of or a mixture of two or more of these conductive materials. More specifically, natural graphite, artificial graphite, super-p, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, denka black, aluminum powder, nickel powder, oxidation It may be one kind selected from the group consisting of zinc, potassium titanate and titanium oxide, or a mixture of two or more kinds of conductive materials.
- the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, for example, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel. Surfaces treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like may be used.
- binder resin a polymer commonly used in electrodes in the art may be used.
- binder resins include polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-cotrichloroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate ( polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylhexyl acrylate, polybutylacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyethylene oxide, polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, Cyanoethylple Cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, flululan and carboxyl methyl cellulose, etc.
- the solid electrolyte included in the positive electrode or the negative electrode may include at least one selected from a polymer-based solid electrolyte, an oxide-based solid electrolyte, and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, and the description of the electrolyte layer can be referred to.
- the all-solid-state battery may be manufactured, for example, by the following method.
- a negative electrode is prepared, and then an electrolyte layer is formed on the surface of the negative electrode.
- a phase conversion layer is formed on the surface of the electrolyte layer.
- the phase change layer is first prepared by melting the filling material in a liquid state, and impregnating the porous sheet therewith so that the porous sheet is filled with a liquid filling material. Then, the porous sheet filled with the filling material is cooled to solidify the filling material again.
- the prepared phase change layer may be stacked on the surface of the electrolyte layer to form a composite electrolyte membrane.
- an anode is prepared and laminated on the surface of the phase change layer.
- an electrode assembly for an all-solid-state battery When an electrode assembly for an all-solid-state battery is obtained in this way, it can be placed in an appropriate case and sealed to produce an all-solid-state battery.
- the produced battery may then be introduced into an activation process to perform aging and initial charge / discharge steps.
- the battery internal temperature In this activation porosity, the battery internal temperature may rise above the melting temperature of the filling material, and accordingly, the filling material of the porous sheet may be liquefied and mixed with the lithium salt to maintain a permanently liquefied state.
- Cathode active material artificial graphite
- polyethylene oxide (PEO) polyethylene oxide
- LITFSI electrolyte salt
- conductive material Super C65
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- a polymer solution having a solid content of 40 wt% was prepared by dissolving polyethylene oxide (PEO) in acetonitrile (AN). The polymer solution was coated with a thickness of about 40 ⁇ m on the surface of the negative electrode using a doctor blade and dried to form a polymer resin layer. Next, LiTFSI was mixed with acetonitrile at a concentration of 50 wt% to prepare a coating solution, and the coating solution was applied to the surface of the polymer resin layer and dried to form an electrolyte layer. At this time, in the electrolyte layer, PEO and lithium salt had a molar concentration of [EO]: [Li + ] having a content ratio of 20: 1.
- a 60 ° C. constant temperature bath was prepared, where ethylene carbonate was added and melted.
- the porous sheet (polyethylene material, porosity of 40 vol%) was supported on the ethylene carbonate prepared as a liquid, and then left to stand in a vacuum for about 12 hours, while maintaining the temperature at 60 ° C. Then, it was placed at room temperature to solidify the ethylene carbonate filled in the porous sheet again.
- the porous sheet was not only filled with EC inside pores, but both surfaces were coated with EC.
- the porous sheet used was prepared in a circular shape with a porosity of 45%, a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and a diameter of about 15 mm, and the total amount of ethylene carbonate filled on the sheet and coated on the surface was about 10 mg.
- the porous sheet thus obtained was laminated on the electrolyte layer to prepare a composite electrolyte membrane.
- a cathode active material NCM811 LiNi 0. 8 Co 0 . 1 Mn 0. 1 O 2
- VGCF electrolyte salt
- PVDF binder polymer
- the prepared positive electrode active material slurry was applied to an aluminum current collector having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and then vacuum dried at 120 ° C. for 24 hours to prepare a positive electrode.
- An electrode assembly was manufactured by laminating the anode on the surface of the composite electrolyte membrane, and a coin cell was manufactured using the electrode assembly.
- the coin cell obtained through 3) was aged at a temperature of 60 ° C. for about 1 hour.
- a negative electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a 60 ° C. constant temperature bath was prepared, where ethylene carbonate (EC) was added and melted.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- the porous sheet polyethylene, porosity of 40 vol% was supported on the ethylene carbonate prepared as a liquid, it was allowed to stand for about 12 hours in a vacuum condition, and the temperature was maintained at 60 ° C. Then, it was placed at room temperature to solidify the ethylene carbonate filled in the porous sheet again.
- the porous sheet was not only filled with EC inside pores, but both surfaces were coated with EC.
- the porous sheet used was prepared in a circular shape with a porosity of 45 vol%, a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, and a diameter of about 15 mm, and the total amount of ethylene carbonate filled on the sheet and coated on the surface was about 10 mg.
- the porous sheet thus obtained was laminated on the electrolyte layer to prepare a composite electrolyte membrane.
- a positive electrode was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and laminated on the surface of the composite electrolyte membrane, to prepare a battery.
- the coin cell obtained through 3) was aged at a temperature of 60 ° C. for about 1 hour.
- a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that SN (succinonitrile) was used as the filling material instead of ethylene carbonate.
- a battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the phase conversion layer was not formed.
- the lithium metal batteries of Examples and Comparative Examples were charged by CC-CV at 0.1C to 4.25V at room temperature conditions, and then discharged at a constant current up to 3V at 0.1C, and repeated 10 cycles to confirm capacity retention. The results are shown in FIG. 3.
- the method of measuring porosity measured the diameter of pores filled with mercury at a constant pressure according to ASTM D 4284-92 standard, and the range of applied pressure was continuously applied between 0.5 and 60,000 psi while applying constant pressure. Porosity was measured by measuring the pores at and measuring the volume of mercury filled in the separator. The measurement is automatically measured and the calculated value is output.
- the equipment used was Micrometrics Autopore IV 9500, and the measurable pore size ranged from 0.003 ⁇ m to 360 ⁇ m.
- the mean pore size (mean flow pore size; MFPS) and maximum pore size are measured using an automated capillary flow porometer [PMI (Porous Materials Inc.), Model CFP-1200AEL (CFP-34RTF8A-X-6-L4)].
- PMI Porous Materials Inc.
- CFP-1200AEL CFP-34RTF8A-X-6-L4
- the wetting fluid used for the measurement was galwick acid (surface tension 15.9 dynes / cm).
- the diameter of the adapter plate was 21 mm, and was measured by a wet-up / dry-up method.
- phase conversion layers 230a, 130a ... the filling material is liquefied
- Lithium salt layer 250a Lithium salt layer 250a.
- the filling material is liquefied
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 전고체 전지용 복합 전해질막이며,상기 복합 전해질막은 전해질층 및 상변환층이 순차적으로 적층되어 있으며,상기 상변환층은 복수의 기공을 포함하며 고분자 수지를 포함하는 다공성 시트 및 상기 다공성 시트의 기공을 충진하는 충진 물질을 포함하는 것으로서, 상기 충진 물질은 26℃ 이하에서는 고체 상태로 존재하고, 35℃ 이상의 온도에서는 액체 상태로 존재하는 것인, 전고체 전지용 복합 전해질막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 충진 재료는 에틸렌 카보네이트(ethylene carbonate, EC), 중량 평균 분자량이 1,000 이상인 폴리에틸렌글리콜(poly ethylene glycol, PEG), 숙시노니트릴(succinonitrile, SN) 및 사이클릭 포스페이트(cyclic phosphate, CP)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인, 전고체 전지용 복합 전해질막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전해질층은 황화물계 고체 전해질, 산화물계 고체 전해질 및 고분자계 고체 전해질을 포함하며, 상기 고분자계 고체 전해질은 고분자 수지와 리튬염을 포함하는 것인, 전고체 전지용 복합 전해질막.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 전해질층은 고분자 수지를 포함하는 고분자 수지층 및 상기 고분자 수지층의 양 측면 중 상변환층과 대면하는 표면의 전부 또는 적어도 일부에 리튬염이 코팅된 리튬염층이 형성되어 있는 것인, 전고체 전지용 복합 전해질막.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 전해질층은 고분자 수지와 리튬염을 포함하며, 상기 고분자 수지는 폴리에테르계 고분자, 폴리카보네이트계 고분자, 아크릴레이트계 고분자, 폴리실록산계 고분자, 포스파젠계 고분자, 폴리에틸렌 유도체, 알킬렌 옥사이드 유도체, 인산 에스테르 폴리머, 폴리 에지테이션 리신(agitation lysine), 폴리에스테르 술파이드, 폴리비닐 알코올 및 폴리 불화 비닐리덴 중 선택된 1 이상을 포함하며, 여기에서 리튬염과 고분자 수지는 몰비로 1:5 내지 1:30의 비율로 혼합되는 것인, 전고체 전지용 복합 전해질막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 다공성 시트는 폴리올레핀계 고분자 수지를 포함하며, 기공도가 30vol% 내지 80vol%인 필름 또는 부직포인 것인, 전고체 전지용 복합 전해질막.
- 음극, 양극 및 상기 음극과 양극 사이에 개재되는 복합 전해질막을 포함하며, 상기 복합 전해질막의 전해질층은 음극과 대면하고, 상변환층은 양극과 대면하도록 배치되는 것이며, 상기 복합 전해질막은 제1항에 따른 것인 전고체 전지.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 상변환층의 충진 물질은 리튬염과 반응하여 액화된 후 액화된 상태가 유지되며, 액화된 충진 재료가 상변환층과 전해질층 사이 및 상변환층과 양극 사이의 계면을 충진하도록 유지되는 것인, 전고체 전지.
- 아래 (S1) 내지 (S6) 를 포함하는 전고체 전지 제조 방법:(S1) 음극을 준비하는 단계,(S2) 음극의 표면에 고체 전해질층을 형성하는 단계,(S3) 다공성 시트를 준비하고 이를 액상의 충진 물질로 함침하는 단계,(S4) (S3)의 결과물을 냉각하여 충진 재료를 고화시켜 상변환층을 형성하는 단계,(S5) 상기 상변환층을 전해질층 상에 적층시키는 단계, 및(S6) 양극을 준비하여 상기 상변환층 상에 적층시키는 단계.
- 제9항에 있어서,(S7) 상기 단계 (S5) 수행 전 전해질층 상에 리튬염을 도포하여 리튬염층을 형성하는 단계를 더 수행하는 것인, 전고체 전지 제조 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,(S8) 상기 (S6) 단계 수행 후 제조된 전지를 가열하고 소정 시간 정치시켜 충진 물질 들을 액화시키는 단계를 더 수행하는 것인, 전고체 전지 제조 방법.
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| JP2021503819A JP7094436B2 (ja) | 2018-10-11 | 2019-10-10 | 複合電解質膜及び該複合電解質膜を含む全固体電池 |
| US17/260,058 US12148881B2 (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2019-10-10 | Composite electrolyte membrane and all-solid-state battery comprising the composite electrolyte membrane |
| PL19871907.2T PL3843193T3 (pl) | 2018-10-11 | 2019-10-10 | Kompozytowa membrana elektrolitu oraz akumulator całkowicie półprzewodnikowy zawierający kompozytową membranę elektrolitu |
| CN201980049787.1A CN112514132B (zh) | 2018-10-11 | 2019-10-10 | 复合电解质膜和包含该复合电解质膜的全固态电池 |
| ES19871907T ES3040888T3 (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2019-10-10 | Composite electrolyte membrane and all-solid-state battery comprising the composite electrolyte membrane |
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- 2019-10-10 CN CN201980049787.1A patent/CN112514132B/zh active Active
- 2019-10-10 EP EP19871907.2A patent/EP3843193B1/en active Active
- 2019-10-10 PL PL19871907.2T patent/PL3843193T3/pl unknown
- 2019-10-10 US US17/260,058 patent/US12148881B2/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112952125A (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-11 | 厦门大学 | 一种热激活电池的电解质结构及其应用 |
| CN112952125B (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2024-07-02 | 厦门大学 | 一种热激活电池的电解质结构及其应用 |
| CN115513534A (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-12-23 | 岚图汽车科技有限公司 | 一种电池 |
| CN116417663A (zh) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-11 | 同济大学 | 相变调温材料掺入的聚合物固态电解质及其制备和应用 |
| CN116417663B (zh) * | 2023-04-28 | 2025-06-27 | 同济大学 | 相变调温材料掺入的聚合物固态电解质及其制备和应用 |
| CN118380641A (zh) * | 2024-05-13 | 2024-07-23 | 高能时代(深圳)新能源科技有限公司 | 一种复合固态电解质膜及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112514132A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
| KR20200041165A (ko) | 2020-04-21 |
| PL3843193T3 (pl) | 2025-10-13 |
| KR102395655B1 (ko) | 2022-05-06 |
| EP3843193B1 (en) | 2025-08-20 |
| HUE073122T2 (hu) | 2026-01-28 |
| JP2021532544A (ja) | 2021-11-25 |
| EP3843193A4 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
| EP3843193A1 (en) | 2021-06-30 |
| JP7094436B2 (ja) | 2022-07-01 |
| CN112514132B (zh) | 2024-08-06 |
| US12148881B2 (en) | 2024-11-19 |
| US20210280908A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 |
| ES3040888T3 (en) | 2025-11-05 |
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