WO2021153612A1 - フェライト粉末及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2021153612A1 WO2021153612A1 PCT/JP2021/002835 JP2021002835W WO2021153612A1 WO 2021153612 A1 WO2021153612 A1 WO 2021153612A1 JP 2021002835 W JP2021002835 W JP 2021002835W WO 2021153612 A1 WO2021153612 A1 WO 2021153612A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/34—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
- H01F1/342—Oxides
- H01F1/344—Ferrites, e.g. having a cubic spinel structure (X2+O)(Y23+O3), e.g. magnetite Fe3O4
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
- C01G49/0072—Mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/34—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2004/32—Spheres
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/42—Magnetic properties
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ferrite powder and a method for producing the same.
- Ferrite resin composite materials composed of ferrite powder and resin are widely used in various applications such as electromagnetic wave shielding materials.
- the composite material is produced by kneading ferrite powder as a filler with a resin, and is molded into a shape such as a sheet to form a molded product (composite).
- the shape of the particles constituting the ferrite powder is close to a sphere, the fluidity at the time of molding becomes high, and the filling rate of the ferrite powder in the complex becomes high. Therefore, the moldability is improved and the characteristics such as electromagnetic wave shielding performance are excellent.
- ferrite powder composed of spherical particles has attracted attention, and it has been proposed to prepare such spherical particles by a thermal spraying method.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2017/212997
- ferrite particles having an average particle size of 1 to 2000 nm and having a spherical particle shape are provided, and the ferrite particles contain Zn.
- a ferrite particle having a maximum value in a frequency band of about 1 GHz is disclosed (claim 1 of Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 states that a granulated product made of a ferrite raw material is sprayed in the air to be ferrite, and then rapidly cooled and solidified, and then only particles having a particle size within a predetermined range are recovered for production. It is described that when used as an electromagnetic wave shielding material for equipment, electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band that require shielding can be stably shielded regardless of frequency (Patent Documents 1 [0039] and [0078]). ..
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2017/169316
- it is a single crystal having an average particle size of 1 to 2000 nm, Mn-based ferrite particles having a spherical particle shape, and a saturation magnetization of 45 to 95 Am 2.
- a ferrite particle having a weight of / kg is disclosed (claim 1 of Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 2 states that it is produced by spraying a ferrite raw material containing Mn and Fe in the air to form a ferrite, then quenching and solidifying, and then recovering only particles having a particle size within a predetermined range. It is described that saturated magnetization can be obtained and excellent dispersibility in a resin, solvent or resin composition can be obtained (Patent Documents 2 [0033] and [089]).
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-060682 contains 15 to 30% by weight of ferrite particles having a particle size of less than 11 ⁇ m, and has a volume average particle size of 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the powder is disclosed, and the prepared granulated product is jetted in the air to be ferrite, and when used as a filler, the filling property and moldability are good, the handling property is excellent, and the resistance is high. Therefore, it is described that this spherical ferrite powder is used as a resin composition together with a resin, and the molded product further molded can be used for various purposes such as an IC sealant for absorbing electromagnetic waves. (Patent Document 3, claim 1, [0058] and [093]).
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-015303
- a raw material powder and a treatment agent consisting of at least one of a higher fatty acid or a derivative thereof, a higher hydrocarbon, and a higher alcohol are heated to a predetermined temperature.
- a method for producing a spherical powder is disclosed, which comprises a spherical powder producing step of obtaining a spherical powder by solidifying by moving to the outside (claim 1 of Patent Document 4).
- the ferrite powder composed of spherical particles produced by the thermal spraying method has a low electrical resistance, and when this is kneaded with a resin to form a resin composition, the withstand voltage (breakdown voltage). It turns out that it can be a problem in terms of. Especially when the filling rate of the ferrite powder is high, the withstand voltage of the resin composition is lowered. If the withstand voltage of the resin composition is low, the resin composition causes dielectric breakdown when a voltage is applied, which causes a problem as an element.
- the magnetic properties (saturation magnetization, magnetic permeability) of the ferrite powder are maintained high by including a predetermined amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 in the ferrite powder composed of spherical particles. It was found that the electric resistance can be increased while maintaining the electric resistance, and that when this ferrite powder is applied to the resin composition, a high withstand voltage can be maintained even if the filling rate is high.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings, and is a method for producing a ferrite powder and a method for producing the same, which has high magnetic properties and electrical resistance and can maintain a high withstand voltage even when applied to a resin composition having a high filling rate. Providing is an issue.
- the present invention includes the following aspects (1) to (7).
- the expression "-" includes the numerical values at both ends thereof. That is, "X to Y” is synonymous with “X or more and Y or less”.
- Ferrite powder composed of spherical ferrite particles.
- the ferrite powder contains iron (Fe): 55.0 to 70.0% by mass and manganese (Mn): 3.5 to 18.5% by mass, and the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 is 0.0% by mass. More than% and less than 7.5% by mass,
- the ferrite powder is a ferrite powder having a volume average particle diameter (D50) of 15.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the ferrite powder is a volume resistivity is 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, one of the ferrite powder of the above (1) to (5).
- a ferrite powder having high magnetic properties and electrical resistance and capable of maintaining a high withstand voltage even when applied to a resin composition having a high filling rate, and a method for producing the same.
- the present embodiment A specific embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "the present embodiment") will be described.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications can be made without changing the gist of the present invention.
- the ferrite powder of this embodiment is composed of spherical ferrite particles. That is, the ferrite powder contains a large number of spherical ferrite particles.
- the ferrite powder can be made excellent in moldability and filling property when it is applied to a resin composition (ferrite resin composite material) as a filler.
- Spherical particles smoothly avoid contact with other particles during molding. Therefore, the fluidity at the time of molding is improved and the mixture is densely packed.
- particles having an anisotropic shape (indefinite shape) such as a plate shape or a needle shape are inferior in moldability and filling property.
- the amorphous particle includes an anisotropic particle and is used in comparison with a spherical particle or the like.
- the ferrite powder of the present embodiment contains 55.0 to 70.0% by mass of iron (Fe) and 3.5 to 18.5% by mass of manganese (Mn).
- This ferrite powder has a composition of manganese (Mn) ferrite.
- the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) decreases or the magnetic permeability imaginary part ( ⁇ ') ') And the loss factor (tan ⁇ ) become high. Therefore, when the ferrite powder is applied to the resin composition, the saturation magnetic flux density may decrease or the loss may increase.
- the iron (Fe) content is excessively high or the manganese (Mn) content is excessively low, the ferrite composition becomes close to magnetite. Since magnetite (FeO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 ) contains unstable ferrous iron ions (Fe 2+ ), there is a risk that the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) will decrease due to oxidation. From these viewpoints, the iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) contents of the ferrite powder are limited to the above range.
- the ferrite powder may contain 57.0 to 70.0% by mass of iron (Fe) and 4.5 to 15.0% by mass of manganese (Mn), and 58.0 to 69.0% by mass of iron (Fe) and It may contain 6.0 to 10.0% by mass of manganese (Mn).
- the total value of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) does not exceed 73.0% by weight.
- Ferrite is an oxide. Therefore, the ferrite powder contains oxygen (O) in addition to iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Further, as long as the above-mentioned composition range is satisfied, other components other than iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and oxygen (O) may be contained. Examples of such components include zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), lithium (Li), barium (Ba), yttrium (Y), nickel (Ni), and copper ( Cu), cobalt (Co) and the like can be mentioned.
- the content of other components is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
- the ferrite powder may contain iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and oxygen (O), and the balance may have a composition of unavoidable impurities.
- the unavoidable impurity is a component that is inevitably mixed in during the manufacturing process, and refers to a component having a content of 5000 ppm or less.
- unavoidable impurities include silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), boron (B), zirconium (Zr) and chromium (Cr).
- the ferrite powder of the present embodiment has an amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 of more than 0.0% by mass and 7.5% by mass or less.
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 hematite
- the iron (Fe) component which is a raw material, reacts with a transition metal component such as manganese (Mn) to form a ferrite component such as a spinel phase, which is a ferromagnet.
- the spinel phase is a composite oxide containing divalent metal ions such as manganese ferrite ((Mn, Fe) O ⁇ (Mn, Fe) 2 O 3 ) and magnetite (FeO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3) and trivalent metal ions.
- divalent metal ions such as manganese ferrite ((Mn, Fe) O ⁇ (Mn, Fe) 2 O 3 ) and magnetite (FeO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3) and trivalent metal ions.
- the manganese (Mn) ion and the iron (Fe) ion can have either divalent or trivalent valence. Therefore, an electron hopping phenomenon occurs in the spinel phase, and electrical conduction occurs.
- ferrite consisting only of the spinel phase, particularly manganese (Mn) ferrite tends to have a low electrical resistance.
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) is free iron oxide derived from the iron (Fe) component that did not enter the spinel phase.
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 contains trivalent iron ions (Fe 3+ ) but does not contain divalent iron ions (Fe 2+). Therefore, it is a stable compound with high electrical resistance. Therefore, when the spherical ferrite particles in the ferrite powder contain ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , the conductive path due to the spinel phase is cut off, and the electric resistance and withstand voltage are increased. Therefore, ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 is an essential component, that is, the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 is limited to more than 0.0% by mass.
- the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 may be 0.1% by mass or more, 0.5% by mass or more, 1.0% by mass or more, and 2.0% by mass or more. It may be 3.0% by mass or more, and may be 4.0% by mass or more.
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 is a paramagnetic material. Therefore, if the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 is excessively large, the magnetic properties (saturation magnetization, magnetic permeability) of the ferrite powder may decrease.
- the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 may be 7.0% by mass or less, and may be 6.0% by mass or less.
- the ferrite powder (spherical ferrite particles) mainly contains a spinel phase in addition to ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3.
- the content of the spinel phase may be 80% by mass or more, 85% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, and 95% by mass or more.
- the ferrite powder may contain a spinel phase and a phase other than ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 and unavoidable impurities. Examples of such a phase include surplus manganese oxides (MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4, etc.) and iron oxides other than spinel ( ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, Mn 3 FeO 8, etc.). Be done. However, the ferrite powder does not have to contain other phases.
- the ferrite powder may contain a spinel phase and ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , and the balance may be an unavoidable impurity.
- the unavoidable impurities are components having a content of 5000 ppm or less as described above.
- the spherical ferrite particles constituting the ferrite powder contain ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 .
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 may be dispersed inside the spherical ferrite particles. Therefore, the ferrite powder is distinguished from a mixture of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 free ferrite grains and the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3.
- the ferrite powder of this embodiment has a volume average particle diameter (D50) of 15.0 ⁇ m or less. If D50 exceeds 15.0 ⁇ m, the loss coefficient (tan ⁇ ) becomes too large and there is a problem that the withstand voltage is lowered.
- D50 may be 10.0 ⁇ m or less, and may be 7.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of D50 is not particularly limited. However, by increasing D50 to some extent, an increase in the viscosity of the resin composition can be suppressed, and the filler filling rate can be increased. D50 may be 2.0 ⁇ m or more, and may be 2.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size distribution may have two or more peaks.
- having two or more peaks means that when the volume particle size distribution is viewed as a function of particle size, the derivative (differential coefficient) of the function or the value of the derivative twice or more becomes 0 (maximum point).
- -It means that it has two or more inflection points, saddle points, etc. (however, the particle size is displayed in a logarithmic manner).
- the ferrite powder preferably has an average shape coefficient SF-1 of 100 to 110.
- SF-1 is an index of the sphericity of a particle (powder), and is 100 in a perfect sphere, and increases as the distance from the sphere increases.
- SF-1 may be 108 or less, 105 or less, and 103 or less.
- the average shape coefficient SF-1 of the ferrite powder is obtained by obtaining the shape coefficient SF-1 of each particle for a plurality of ferrite particles and calculating the average value thereof.
- the ferrite particle SF-1 measures the horizontal ferret diameter R (unit: ⁇ m), projected peripheral length L (unit: ⁇ m), and projected area S (unit: ⁇ m 2 ) of the particle, and uses the following formula (1). Therefore, it can be obtained.
- the ferrite powder preferably has a BET specific surface area of 0.01 to 3.00 m 2 / g.
- a BET specific surface area 0.01 to 3.00 m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area may be 0.10 to 2.00 m 2 / g.
- the ferrite powder preferably has a tap density of 0.50 to 5.00 g / cm 3 .
- the tap density can be increased by mixing the particles having a small particle size and the particles having a large particle size, and as a result, the filling property of the ferrite powder becomes better as a whole.
- the tap density may be 1.50 to 3.50 g / cm 3 .
- the ferrite powder preferably has a carbon (C) content of 0.12% by mass or less.
- This carbon is a component mainly derived from a residual carbon (C) compound derived from an organic component (dispersant, binder resin, etc.) added during the production of ferrite powder. If too little organic component is added during the production of the ferrite powder, the supply of raw materials during thermal spraying will not be stable, and irregularly shaped particles will easily be mixed into the ferrite powder. Atypical particles cause deterioration of magnetic properties and filling property. Therefore, the ferrite powder preferably contains a certain amount of carbon.
- the amount of carbon (C) may be 0.001% by mass or more, 0.002% by mass or more, and 0.003% by mass or more.
- the carbon content may be 0.100% by mass or less, 0.080% by mass or less, 0.050% by mass or less, and 0.010% by mass or less.
- the ferrite powder is preferably composed of erucate amide (C 22 H 43 NO), butyl palmitate (C 20 H 40 O 2 ) and butyl stearate (C 22 H 44 O 2 ) as residual carbon (C) compounds.
- the ferrite powder of this embodiment contains ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , it has a high electrical resistance.
- the volume resistivity of the ferrite powder may be at 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, may be at 2.0 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, there is 4.0 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more good.
- the upper limit of the volume resistance is not particularly limited, but is typically 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- Ferrite powder can be used as a filler and kneaded with a resin to obtain a resin composition used for applications such as an electromagnetic wave shielding material.
- the resin, the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 -containing ferrite powder, and the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 non-containing ferrite powder have lower electrical resistances in this order. That is, the electric resistance of the resin is the highest, and the electric resistance of the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 -free ferrite powder is the lowest.
- the resin composition when the filling rate of the ferrite powder is high, the distance between the ferrite powders is shortened, and some of the ferrite powders come into contact with each other.
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 -free ferrite powder having low electrical resistance is used as the filler of the high filling rate resin composition, the withstand voltage becomes low. This is because when a voltage is applied, a conductive path is formed between the ferrite particles having low electric resistance, and breakdown (dielectric breakdown) occurs. On the other hand, when ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 containing ferrite powder having high electric resistance is used as the filler, such a decrease in withstand voltage can be prevented.
- the ferrite powder of the present embodiment is limited in the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 which is a paramagnetic substance and the volume average particle diameter (D50), high magnetic properties (saturation magnetization, magnetic permeability) are maintained. , The loss coefficient (tan ⁇ ) can be kept low. Therefore, it is possible to improve the magnetic properties of the resin composition.
- the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) of the ferrite powder may be 65 emu / g or more, 70 emu / g or more, 75 emu / g or more, 80 emu / g or more, and 85 emu / g or more. It may be.
- the upper limit of saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) is not particularly limited, but is typically 95 emu / g or less.
- the tan ⁇ of the ferrite powder at 100 MHz may be 0.20 or less, 0.13 or less, or 0.06 or less.
- the lower limit of tan ⁇ is not particularly limited, but is typically 0.001 or more.
- the ferrite powder production method of the present embodiment includes the following steps: a step of mixing ferrite raw materials to prepare a raw material mixture (raw material mixing step), and calcination of the obtained raw material mixture.
- a step of making a product temporary firing process
- a step of crushing and granulating the obtained calcined product to obtain a granulated product
- a process of spraying the obtained granulated product to obtain a sprayed product. It has a process (sintering process).
- the carbon content of the granulated product was 0.001 to 0.095% by mass
- the thermal spraying raw material supply rate was 2.5 to 9.0 kg / hour
- the combustion gas flow rate was 3 to 10 m 3 / hour in the thermal spraying process.
- Set the oxygen flow rate to 18-60 m 3 / hour. Details of each step will be described below.
- Ferrite raw materials are mixed to prepare a raw material mixture.
- a known ferrite raw material such as an oxide, a carbonate, a hydroxide and / or a chloride may be used.
- iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn 3 O 4 ) and / or manganese dioxide (Mn O 2 ) can be used as the iron (Fe) raw material and the manganese (Mn) raw material.
- the mixing ratio of the raw materials is such that a ferrite powder having a desired composition can be obtained.
- the raw materials may be mixed using a known mixer such as a Henschel mixer, and either dry or wet may be used. Further, the raw material mixture may be granulated (temporarily granulated) using a granulation device such as a roller compactor.
- a known mixer such as a Henschel mixer
- the raw material mixture may be granulated (temporarily granulated) using a granulation device such as a roller compactor.
- Temporary firing process In the calcining step, the obtained raw material mixture is calcined to obtain a calcined product.
- Temporary firing may be performed by a known method. For example, a furnace such as a rotary kiln, a continuous furnace, or a batch furnace may be used.
- the conditions for calcination may also be known conditions. For example, a condition of holding at 700 to 1300 ° C. for 0.5 to 12 hours in an atmosphere such as air can be mentioned.
- the obtained calcined product is crushed and granulated (main granulation) to obtain a granulated product (main granulated product).
- the crushing method is not particularly limited.
- a known crusher such as a vibration mill, a ball mill or a bead mill may be used, and either the dry type or the wet type or both may be performed.
- the granulation method may be a known method.
- water and, if necessary, a binder resin such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a dispersant and / or an additive such as an antifoaming agent are added to the pulverized temporary baked product to adjust the viscosity, and then the viscosity is adjusted.
- Granulate using a granulator such as a spray dryer.
- the amount of the binder resin and the additive added is controlled so that the carbon (C) content in the granulated product is 0.001 to 0.095% by mass.
- the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 and the amount of carbon (C) in the produced ferrite powder can be controlled by adjusting the amount of carbon (C) in the granulated product. can. That is, when the amount of carbon (C) in the granulated product is large, the amount of carbon (C) in the ferrite powder tends to be large. Further, when the amount of carbon (C) is large, the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 in the ferrite powder tends to be small.
- the carbon (C) content in the granulated product may be 0.0750% by mass or less, and may be 0.050% by mass or less.
- the carbon (C) content in the granulated product may be 0.005% by mass or more, and may be 0.010% by mass or more.
- thermal spraying In the thermal spraying process, the granulated material is sprayed.
- a mixed gas of combustion gas and oxygen is used as a flammable gas combustion flame source.
- Granulated products which are the raw materials for thermal spraying, pass through a high-temperature combustion flame. At that time, a ferrite reaction occurs, and a part of the granulated product is melted into spherical ferrite particles.
- a mixed gas of combustion gas and oxygen can be used as a flammable gas combustion flame source.
- the volume ratio of combustion gas to oxygen (total oxygen) is preferably 1: 3.5 to 1: 10.0, more preferably 1: 5 to 1: 8.0. This makes it possible to efficiently produce spherical ferrite particles.
- the combustion gas flammable gas such as propane gas, propylene gas, and acetylene gas can be used, and among them, propane gas is preferably used.
- the supply rate of the thermal spraying raw material is 2.5 to 9.0 kg / hour.
- the supply rate (supply amount) is high, spinelization of the granulated product progresses, and the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 in the ferrite powder decreases. This is because if the supply rate is high, the amount of raw material in the flame increases and the temperature of the flame decreases. When the flame temperature is lowered, the time until the particles are cooled after thermal spraying is shortened, and the generated divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) tend to remain in the ferrite particles. On the other hand, when the supply rate (supply amount) is low, the production of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 tends to proceed.
- the present embodiment defines the supply rate of the thermal spraying raw material.
- the feeding rate may be 4.0 to 8.0 kg / hour.
- the oxygen used in thermal spraying is also used for the purpose of transporting the raw material to the thermal spray flame. Therefore, it is divided into combustion oxygen directly used for flame and raw material supply oxygen that is burned after the raw material is transported to the central part of the thermal spray source.
- the combustion oxygen is preferably set to 0.85 times or more the capacity required for complete combustion of the combustion gas.
- propane gas it is preferable that there is combustion oxygen having a capacity of 4.25 times or more that of propane gas.
- the combustion gas amount ratio is preferably 1.05 or more and 2.00 or less.
- the combustion gas amount ratio is the ratio of the combustion gas amount (Nm 3 / hour) used for net combustion to the raw material supply amount (kg / hour), and is calculated according to the following equation (2).
- the amount of combustion gas (Nm 3 / hour) used for net combustion is calculated according to the following equation (3) or the following equation (4).
- Particles ferriteified by thermal spraying are rapidly cooled and solidified in an atmospheric atmosphere, and these are recovered by a cyclone or a filter to obtain a thermal spray.
- the obtained sprayed material may be classified.
- the particle size may be adjusted to a desired particle size by using a known method such as wind power classification (air flow classification), mesh classification, and sieving (sieve) classification. It is also possible to separate and recover particles having a large particle size and particles having a small particle size in one step by airflow classification such as a cyclone. In this way, the ferrite powder can be obtained.
- a ferrite powder in which the composition and the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 are limited within a predetermined range, and a method for producing the same.
- This ferrite powder has high magnetic properties and electrical resistance. Therefore, a high withstand voltage can be maintained even when applied to a resin composition having a high filling rate.
- the ferrite powder of the present embodiment can be applied to a ferrite resin composite material (resin composition).
- the ferrite resin composite material contains a ferrite powder and a resin.
- the resin constituting the composite material examples include epoxy resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, fluororesin and / or a combination thereof.
- the silicone resin may be a modified silicone resin modified with acrylic, urethane, epoxy and / or fluorine or the like.
- the ratio of the ferrite powder to the total solid content in the composite material is preferably 50 to 95% by mass, more preferably 80 to 95% by mass.
- the ratio of the resin to the total solid content in the composite material is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass.
- the composite material may contain components other than the ferrite powder and the resin.
- components include solvents, fillers (organic fillers, inorganic fillers), plasticizers, antioxidants, dispersants, colorants such as content, and thermally conductive particles.
- Such a ferrite resin composite material can be applied to an electromagnetic wave shielding material, an electronic material or an electronic component.
- the electromagnetic wave shielding material, the electronic material, or the electronic component may be produced by molding a composite material by a known method.
- the molding method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include compression molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, blow molding, and calender molding. Further, a method of forming a coating film of a composite material on a substrate may be used.
- Temporary baking process The temporarily granulated raw material mixture (temporarily granulated product) was calcined to obtain a calcined product.
- the calcining was carried out using a rotary kiln under the conditions of 900 ° C. for 1 hour in the air.
- the obtained calcined product was crushed and granulated to obtain a granulated product (main granulated product).
- the obtained calcined product is roughly pulverized using a dry bead mill (3/16 inch ⁇ steel ball beads), then water is added, and finely pulverized using a wet bead mill (0.65 mm ⁇ zirconia beads). did.
- the obtained slurry had a solid content concentration of 50% by mass, and the particle size of the pulverized powder (slurry particle size) was 2.367 ⁇ m.
- Ammonium polycarboxylic acid salt as a dispersant was added to the obtained slurry at a ratio of 60 cc to 25 kg of solid content in the slurry to adjust the slurry viscosity, and then granulation was performed using a spray dryer.
- the obtained granulated product had a volume average particle size of 51.04 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0511% by mass.
- Example 2 In this granulation step, an ammonium polycarboxylic acid salt was added to the slurry at a ratio of 60 cc with respect to 25 kg of solid content in the slurry, and a 10 mass% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder was added in an amount of 50 cc.
- a ferrite powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the granulated product obtained in this granulation step had a volume average particle size of 51.84 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0575% by mass.
- Example 3 In this granulation step, an ammonium polycarboxylic acid salt was added to the slurry at a ratio of 10 cc with respect to 25 kg of solid content in the slurry, and a 10 mass% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added at an addition amount of 150 cc.
- a ferrite powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the granulated product obtained in this granulation step had a volume average particle size of 50.55 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0743% by mass.
- Example 4 In this granulation step, an ammonium polycarboxylic acid salt was added to the slurry at a ratio of 10 cc with respect to 25 kg of solid content in the slurry, and a 10 mass% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was further added at an added amount of 300 cc.
- a ferrite powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the granulated product obtained in this granulation step had a volume average particle size of 50.70 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0941% by mass.
- Example 5 (comparison)
- an ammonium polycarboxylic acid salt was added to the slurry at a ratio of 10 cc with respect to 25 kg of solid content in the slurry, and a 10 mass% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was further added at an added amount of 600 cc.
- a ferrite powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the granulated product obtained in this granulation step had a volume average particle size of 51.59 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0988% by mass.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- Fe iron
- Mn manganese
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- Example 12 (comparison)
- an ammonium polycarboxylic acid salt was added to the slurry at a ratio of 60 cc with respect to 25 kg of solid content in the slurry, and a 10 wt% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was further added in an added amount of 50 cc.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the mesh size of the sieve used for removing the coarse powder was changed, and the fine powder was removed using the sieve.
- a ferrite powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the granulated product obtained in this granulation step had a volume average particle size of 51.84 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0575% by mass.
- Example 13 In the thermal spraying process, particles were collected by a bag filter to obtain a thermal spray. In the classification step, coarse powder was removed from the sprayed material by air flow classification, but fine powder was not removed. A ferrite powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 12 except for the above. The granulated product obtained in this granulation step had a volume average particle size of 51.84 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0575% by mass.
- Example 14 In the classification step after thermal spraying, coarse powder and fine powder were removed from the sprayed material by air flow classification. A ferrite powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 12 except for the above. The granulated product obtained in this granulation step had a volume average particle size of 51.84 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0575% by mass.
- Example 15 The mesh size of the sieve used for removing coarse powder in the classification step after thermal spraying was further changed.
- a ferrite powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 12 except for the above.
- the granulated product obtained in this granulation step had a volume average particle size of 51.84 ⁇ m and a carbon (C) content of 0.0575% by mass.
- the metal component content of the ferrite powder was determined by chemical analysis (ICP). First, 0.2 g of a sample (ferrite powder) was weighed, 60 ml of pure water, 20 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid and 20 ml of 1N nitric acid were added thereto, and then heated to prepare an aqueous solution in which the sample was completely dissolved. The obtained aqueous solution was set in an ICP analyzer (Shimadzu Corporation, ICPS-10001V), and the metal component content was measured.
- ICP analyzer Shiadzu Corporation, ICPS-10001V
- the carbon content of the ferrite powder was measured by an infrared absorption method. Specifically, 1 g of the ferrite powder was burned in an oxygen stream to convert carbon contained in the ferrite powder into carbon dioxide. The infrared absorption amount of carbon dioxide was measured using an infrared absorption detector (LECO Japan GK, carbon sulfur analyzer CS200 type), and the carbon content was calculated from this absorption amount.
- an infrared absorption detector LECO Japan GK, carbon sulfur analyzer CS200 type
- ⁇ Component analysis-Residual carbon compound> The residual carbon compounds of the ferrite powder were analyzed using a high resolution mass spectrometer (GC / MS). Specifically, 5 g of ferrite powder was weighed, placed in a beaker having an internal volume of 200 ml, 500 ml of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was further added, and sonication was performed for 5 minutes to extract organic components associated with the ferrite powder. The extracted MEK solution was filtered through a filter, and the obtained filtered solution was used as a test solution.
- the analysis conditions of the high-resolution mass spectrometer (GC / MS) are shown below.
- the carbon compound was identified based on the obtained analysis results. The identification was performed as follows. Detection peaks derived from the device and MEK were excluded on the TIC chromatogram using an analyzer (Agilent Technologies, 5973N), and a library search was performed for each of the remaining detection peaks. The compound with the highest library concordance in the mass spectral pattern was identified as the residual carbon compound in the ferrite powder.
- ⁇ Crystal phase> The ferrite powder was analyzed by X-ray diffraction to identify the crystal phase in the powder. Among the crystal phases, the content ratios of the spinel phase (Fe 3 O 4 , MnO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 ) and the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 phase were determined. The analysis conditions were as shown below.
- -X-ray diffractometer PANalytical X'pert MPD (including high-speed detector) -Radioactive source: Co-K ⁇ -Tube voltage: 45kV -Tube current: 40mA -Scan speed: 0.002 ° / sec (continuous scan) -Scan range (2 ⁇ ): 15-90 °
- the analysis results were analyzed to determine the content ratios of the spinel phase (Fe 3 O 4 , MnO, Fe 2 O 3, etc.) and the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 phase among the crystal phases of the ferrite powder.
- the analysis was performed as follows. That is, after removing the background and peaks of Co-K ⁇ rays using analysis software (PANalytical, HighScorePlus3.0), the peak of the profile was automatically detected. The half width and position of each detected peak were optimized by Rietveld analysis, and the content ratios of the spinel phase and ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 phase were calculated based on the obtained results.
- ⁇ Particle size distribution> The particle size distribution of the ferrite powder was measured. First, 10 g of a sample and 80 ml of water were placed in a 100 ml beaker, and 2 drops of sodium hexametaphosphate was added as a dispersant. Then, dispersion was performed using an ultrasonic homogenizer (SMT Co., Ltd., UH-150 type). At this time, the output level of the ultrasonic homogenizer was set to 4, and dispersion was performed for 20 seconds. Then, the bubbles formed on the surface of the peaker were removed and introduced into a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (Shimadzu Corporation, SALD-7500 nano) for measurement.
- SMT Co., Ltd., UH-150 type an ultrasonic homogenizer
- 10% diameter (D10), 50% diameter (volume average particle diameter, D50), 90% diameter (D90) and maximum diameter (Dmax) in the volume particle size distribution were determined.
- the measurement conditions were a pump speed of 7, a built-in ultrasonic irradiation time of 30, and a refractive index of 1.70-050i.
- the BET specific surface area of the ferrite powder was measured using a specific surface area measuring device (Mountec Co., Ltd., Macsorb HM model-1208). First, about 10 g of the obtained ferrite powder was placed on a medicine wrapping paper and degassed with a vacuum dryer to confirm that the degree of vacuum was ⁇ 0.1 MPa or less. Then, by heating at 200 ° C. for 2 hours, the water adhering to the particle surface was removed. Approximately 0.5 to 4 g of the water-removed ferrite powder was placed in a standard sample cell dedicated to the measuring device and weighed accurately with a precision balance. Next, the weighed ferrite particles were set in the measuring port of the measuring device and measured. The measurement was performed by the one-point method. The measurement atmosphere was a temperature of 10 to 30 ° C. and a relative humidity of 20 to 80% (no condensation).
- ⁇ Tap density> The tap density of the ferrite powder was measured according to JIS Z 2512-2012 using a USP tap density measuring device (Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd., Powder Tester PT-X).
- SF-1 The average shape coefficient (SF-1) of the ferrite powder was determined as follows. Ferrite powder was analyzed using a particle image analyzer (Malvern Panasonic, Moforogi G3). At the time of analysis, image analysis is performed for each of 30,000 particles in the powder, and the maximum length (horizontal ferret diameter) R (unit: ⁇ m), projection circumference L (unit: ⁇ m), and projection area S (unit: ⁇ m) are performed. 2 ) was automatically measured. Next, SF-1 was calculated for each particle according to the following formula (1), and the average value thereof was taken as SF-1 of the ferrite powder.
- the magnetic properties (saturation magnetization, residual magnetization and coercive force) of the ferrite powder were measured as follows. First, the sample was packed in a cell having an inner diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a vibration sample type magnetic measuring device (Toei Kogyo Co., Ltd., VSM-C7-10A). An applied magnetic field was applied and swept to 5 kOe, then the applied magnetic field was reduced to draw a hysteresis curve. From the obtained curve data, the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s), residual magnetization ( ⁇ r) and coercive force (Hc) of the sample were determined.
- ⁇ s saturation magnetization
- ⁇ r residual magnetization
- Hc coercive force
- the magnetic permeability of the ferrite powder was measured using an RF impedance / material analyzer (Agilent Technologies, Inc., E4991A) and a magnetic material measuring electrode (16454A).
- RF impedance / material analyzer Align Technologies, Inc., E4991A
- a magnetic material measuring electrode 16454A.
- the obtained mixture was filled in a die (inner diameter 4.5 mm, outer diameter 13 mm) and pressed with a press machine at a pressure of 40 MPa for 1 minute to obtain a molded product.
- the obtained molded product was heat-cured at 140 ° C. for 2 hours using a hot air dryer to prepare a sample for measurement.
- the obtained measurement sample was set in the RF impedance / material analyzer, and the outer diameter, inner diameter and height of the measurement sample measured in advance were input.
- the measurement was performed by sweeping a range of an amplitude of 100 mV and a measurement frequency of 1 MHz to 3 GHz on a logarithmic scale.
- the real part ⁇ 'and the imaginary part ⁇ '' of the complex magnetic permeability at a frequency of 100 MHz were obtained, and the loss coefficient (tan ⁇ ) was calculated according to the following equation (5).
- the volume resistance of the ferrite powder was measured using a Teflon (registered trademark) container (inner diameter 17.6 mm) having an electrode on the bottom and an upper electrode.
- the ferrite powder was put into a container and pressurized so that the height at the time of measurement was 4 mm, and an electrode was attached to the upper part thereof.
- the measurement was performed with a load of 1 kg applied on the upper electrode, and the current flowing while increasing the voltage to 1000 V stepwise at 5 second intervals was determined using an insulation resistance tester (Keithley Instruments, 6517A) in increments of 50 V. ..
- the relationship between the current and the applied voltage under a voltage of 100 V was obtained, and the volume resistance was calculated from this.
- VBD breakdown voltage
- ferrite powder was applied to the resin composition, and the viscosity of the resin composition was measured.
- 70 parts by mass of the ferrite powder, 27 parts by mass of the main agent (epoxy resin), and 3 parts by weight of the curing agent were dispersed and mixed using a rotation / revolution type mixer to prepare a resin composition.
- the viscosity immediately after production and the viscosity after 5 seconds of the obtained resin were measured using a B-type viscometer. Since the volume resistance of Example 5 was low, the resin curing performance was not evaluated.
- ⁇ Resin curing performance-curing time> The obtained resin composition was dried under the conditions of 120 ° C. ⁇ 5 minutes. The dried resin composition was heated at 180 ° C. to promote curing, and the curing time at which the resin curing degree was 95% or more was determined. Based on the obtained cure time, it was rated as shown below.
- the degree of resin curing indicates the degree of progress (reaction rate) of the curing reaction of the resin.
- the resin curability of the unreacted material is 0%
- the resin curability of the post-reaction material is 100%.
- the degree of resin curing was determined using an FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) apparatus. Specifically, the resin was irradiated with infrared rays and transmitted or separated to obtain an FT-IR spectrum, and the progress of the curing reaction of the resin was analyzed using this spectrum.
- FT-IR Fastier transform infrared spectroscopy
- Example 1 to 15 are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 1 to 4 Example 7, Example 8, Example 14 and Example 15 are Example samples, and Examples 5, 6 and 9 to 13 are Comparative Example samples.
- the ferrite powder was composed of spherical particles.
- the ferrite powder did not contain ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , and as a result, the volume resistance and breakdown voltage were low, and there was a problem in terms of withstand voltage.
- Comparative Examples 6, 11, and 13 the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 was excessive, and as a result, the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) was low.
- Example 13 has a problem that the volume average particle size is small, the viscosity of the resin composition is too high, and the resin curing performance is inferior.
- Comparative Examples 9 to 11 show magnetic properties (saturation magnetization, magnetic permeability, loss coefficient) as a result of the iron (Fe) content and / or manganese (Mn) content of the ferrite powder being outside the range of the present embodiment. ) was a problem.
- Example 11 in which manganese (Mn) is hardly contained and the amount of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 is excessive, the saturation magnetization ( ⁇ s) is low but the coercive force (Hc) is high, and therefore the magnetic permeability real part ( ⁇ '). ) was small and the loss coefficient (tan ⁇ ) was increased.
- Example 12 which is a comparative example, since the volume average particle diameter (D50) is excessively large, there is a problem that the loss coefficient (tan ⁇ ) is high and the breakdown voltage is low.
- Examples 1 to 4, Example 7, Example 8, Example 14 and Example 15 are excellent in terms of magnetic properties (saturation magnetization, coercive force, magnetic permeability, loss coefficient), as well as volume resistance and volume resistance.
- the withstand voltage (breakdown voltage) was high.
- Examples 1 to 3, 8 and 14 did not break down at the time of measurement and were very excellent in terms of withstand voltage.
- the viscosity when the ferrite powder was applied to the resin composition was low. Therefore, it was found that it is suitable for application to a resin composition having a high filler filling rate.
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Abstract
Description
前記フェライト粉末が、鉄(Fe):55.0~70.0質量%及びマンガン(Mn):3.5~18.5質量%を含有し、α-Fe2O3量が0.0質量%超7.5質量%以下であり、
前記フェライト粉末は、その体積平均粒子径(D50)が15.0μm以下である、フェライト粉末。
フェライト原料を混合して原料混合物を作製する工程、
前記原料混合物を仮焼して仮焼成物とする工程、
前記仮焼成物を粉砕及び造粒して造粒物とする工程、及び
前記造粒物を溶射して溶射物とする工程を有し、
前記造粒物の炭素含有量を0.001~0.095質量%とし、溶射工程で、原料供給速度を2.5~9.0kg/時間、燃焼ガス流量を3~10m3/時間、酸素流量を18~60m3/時間とする、方法。
本実施形態のフェライト粉末は真球状フェライト粒子で構成される。すなわちフェライト粉末は多数の真球状フェライト粒子を含む。真球状フェライト粒子で構成することで、フェライト粉末は、これをフィラーとして樹脂組成物(フェライト樹脂複合材料)に適用したときに、成形性及び充填性に優れたものとすることが可能になる。球状粒子は成形時に他の粒子と接触したときに滑らかに回避する。そのため成形時の流動性が良好になるとともに密に充填される。これに対して板状又は針状といった異方形状(不定形状)を有する粒子は成形性及び充填性に劣る。なお本明細書において、不定形状粒子は異方形状粒子を包含し、球状などの定形状粒子と対比して使用される。
本実施形態のフェライト粉末の製造方法は、以下の工程:フェライト原料を混合して原料混合物を作製する工程(原料混合工程)、得られた原料混合物を仮焼して仮焼成物とする工程(仮焼工程)、得られた仮焼成物を粉砕及び造粒して造粒物とする工程(造粒工程)、及び得られた造粒物を溶射して溶射物とする工程(溶射工程)を有する。また造粒物の炭素含有量を0.001~0.095質量%とし、溶射工程で、溶射原料供給速度を2.5~9.0kg/時間、燃焼ガス流量を3~10m3/時間、酸素流量を18~60m3/時間にする。各工程の詳細について以下に説明する。
フェライト原料を混合して原料混合物を作製する。フェライト原料として、酸化物、炭酸塩、水酸化物及び/又は塩化物などの公知のフェライト原料を使用すればよい。例えば、鉄(Fe)原料及びマンガン(Mn)原料として、酸化鉄(Fe2O3)、四酸化三マンガン(Mn3O4)及び/又は二酸化マンガン(MnO2)等を用いることができる。原料の混合割合は、所望組成のフェライト粉末が得られるように行う。原料の混合は、ヘンシェルミキサー等の公知の混合機を用いて行えばよく、乾式及び湿式のいずれか一方または両方で行う。またローラーコンパクター等の造粒装置を用いて原料混合物を造粒(仮造粒)してもよい。
仮焼成工程では、得られた原料混合物を仮焼成して仮焼成物とする。仮焼成は公知の手法で行えばよい。例えば、ロータリーキルン、連続炉又はバッチ炉などの炉を用いて行えばよい。仮焼成の条件も公知の条件でよい。例えば、大気等の雰囲気下で700~1300℃で0.5~12時間保持する条件が挙げられる。
造粒工程では、得られた仮焼成物を粉砕及び造粒(本造粒)して造粒物(本造粒物)とする。粉砕方法は特に限定されない。例えば、振動ミル、ボールミル又はビーズミルなどの公知の粉砕機を用い、乾式及び湿式のいずれか一方又は両方で行えばよい。造粒方法も公知の手法でよい。例えば粉砕後の仮焼成物に、水と、必要に応じて、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)等のバインダー樹脂、分散剤及び/又は消泡剤などの添加剤と、を加えて粘度を調整し、その後、スプレードライヤー等の造粒機を用いて造粒する。
溶射工程では造粒物を溶射する。溶射では燃焼ガスと酸素との混合気体を可燃性ガス燃焼炎源として用いる。溶射原料たる造粒物は高温の燃焼炎を通過する。その際にフェライト化反応が起こるとともに、造粒物の一部が熔融して真球状のフェライト粒子になる。溶射では、燃焼ガスと酸素(全酸素)との混合気体を可燃性ガス燃焼炎源として用いることができる。燃焼ガスと酸素(全酸素)との容量比は、1:3.5~1:10.0が好ましく、1:5~1:8.0がより好ましい。これにより真球状のフェライト粒子を効率的に製造することが可能となる。燃焼ガスとして、プロパンガス、プロピレンガス、アセチレンガス等の可燃性ガスを用いることができ、その中でもプロパンガスが好適に用いられる。
必要に応じて、得られた溶射物を分級してもよい。分級では、風力分級(気流分級)、メッシュ分級、ふるい(篩)分級などの公知の手法を用いて、所望の粒径に粒度調整すればよい。なお、サイクロン等の気流分級で粒径の大きい粒子と粒径の小さい粒子とを1つの工程の中で分離して回収することも可能である。このようにしてフェライト粉末を得ることができる。
本実施形態のフェライト粉末をフェライト樹脂複合材料(樹脂組成物)に適用することができる。フェライト樹脂複合材料はフェライト粉末と樹脂とを含む。本実施形態のフェライト粉末をフィラーとして用いることで、フィラー充填率が高くても磁気特性及び耐電圧に優れた複合材料を得ることができる。
[例1]
<原料混合及び仮造粒工程>
原料として酸化鉄(Fe2O3)と二酸化マンガン(MnO2)とを用い、鉄(Fe)とマンガン(Mn)のモル比がFe:Mn=8:1となるように原料の秤量及び混合を行った。混合にはヘンシェルミキサーを用いた。得られた混合物を、ローラーコンパクターを用いて仮造粒して、仮造粒物とした。
仮造粒した原料混合物(仮造粒物)を仮焼して、仮焼成物とした。仮焼は、ロータリーキルンを用い、大気中900℃×1時間の条件で行った。
得られた仮焼成物を粉砕及び造粒して造粒物(本造粒物)とした。まず得られた仮焼成物を、乾式ビーズミル(3/16インチφの鋼球ビーズ)を用いて粗粉砕した後、水を加えて、湿式ビーズミル(0.65mmφのジルコニアビーズ)を用いて微粉砕した。得られたスラリーは固形分濃度が50質量%であり、粉砕粉の粒径(スラリー粒径)は2.367μmであった。得られたスラリーに分散剤としてポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して60ccの割合で加えてスラリー粘度を調整し、その後、スプレードライヤーを用いて造粒した。得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.04μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0511質量%であった。
得られた造粒物を可燃性ガス燃焼炎中で溶射及び急冷した。溶射の際、プロパンガス流量と全酸素流量の比を1:5.42とし、原料供給速度を燃焼ガス量比で1.08とした。続いて冷却した粒子を気流の下流側に設けたサイクロンによって回収して溶射物を得た。さらに得られた溶射物から篩を用いて粗粉を取り除くとともに、気流分級により微粉を除去して、フェライト粉末を作製した。上記溶射において、燃焼酸素:原料供給酸素=90.8:9.2とした。なおフェライト粉末の製造条件を表1に示す。
本造粒工程で、スラリーにポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して60ccの割合で加え、さらにバインダーとしてポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10質量%水溶液を50ccの添加量で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.84μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0575質量%であった。
本造粒工程で、スラリーにポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して10ccの割合で加え、さらにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10質量%水溶液を150ccの添加量で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が50.55μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0743質量%であった。
本造粒工程で、スラリーにポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して10ccの割合で加え、さらにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10質量%水溶液を300ccの添加量で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が50.70μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0941質量%であった。
本造粒工程で、スラリーにポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して10ccの割合で加え、さらにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10質量%水溶液を600ccの添加量で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.59μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0988質量%であった。
原料混合工程で、鉄(Fe)とマンガン(Mn)のモル比がFe:Mn=14:1となるように原料の秤量及び混合を行った。また本造粒工程で、スラリーに分散剤(ポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩)を加えずにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10重量%水溶液を30ccの添加量で加えた。さらに溶射工程での原料供給速度を2.0kg/時間とした。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.17μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0561質量%であった。
原料混合工程で、鉄(Fe)とマンガン(Mn)のモル比がFe:Mn=14:1となるように原料の秤量及び混合を行った。また本造粒工程で、スラリーに分散剤(ポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩)を加えずにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10重量%水溶液を300ccの添加量で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が50.97μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0971質量%であった。
原料混合工程で、鉄(Fe)とマンガン(Mn)のモル比がFe:Mn=3:1となるように原料の秤量及び混合を行った。また本造粒工程で、スラリーに分散剤(ポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩)を加えずにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10重量%水溶液を30ccの添加量で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.45μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0256質量%であった。
原料混合工程で、鉄(Fe)とマンガン(Mn)のモル比がFe:Mn=2.5:1となるように原料の秤量及び混合を行った。また本造粒工程で、スラリーにポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して10ccの割合で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が50.54μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0549質量%であった。
原料混合工程で、鉄(Fe)とマンガン(Mn)のモル比がFe:Mn=2:1となるように原料の秤量及び混合を行った。また本造粒工程で、スラリーにポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して10ccの割合で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.69μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0539質量%であった。
原料混合工程で、鉄(Fe)とマンガン(Mn)のモル比がFe:Mn=1:0となるように原料の秤量及び混合を行った。また本造粒工程で、スラリーにポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して10ccの割合で加え、さらにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10重量%水溶液を50ccの添加量で加えた。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.28μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0552質量%であった。
本造粒工程で、スラリーにポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩をスラリー中固形分25kgに対して60ccの割合で加え、さらにポリビニルアルコール(PVA)の10重量%水溶液を50ccの添加量で加えた。また溶射後の分級工程で粗粉除去に用いる篩の目開きを変えるとともに、篩を用いて微粉を除去した。それ以外は例1と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.84μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0575質量%であった。
溶射工程で、バグフィルターによって粒子を回収して溶射物を得た。また分級工程で溶射物から気流分級により粗粉を取り除いたが、微粉除去は行わなかった。それ以外は例12と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.84μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0575質量%であった。
溶射後の分級工程で溶射物から気流分級により粗粉及び微粉を除去した。それ以外は例12と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.84μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0575質量%であった。
溶射後の分級工程で粗粉除去に用いる篩の目開きをさらに変えた。それ以外は例12と同様にしてフェライト粉末を作製した。本造粒工程で得られた造粒物は、体積平均粒径が51.84μmであり、炭素(C)量が0.0575質量%であった。
例1~例15のフェライト粉末について、以下に示す評価を行った。
フェライト粉末の金属成分含有量を化学分析(ICP)により求めた。まず試料(フェライト粉末)0.2gを秤量し、これに純水60mlと1Nの塩酸20ml及び1Nの硝酸20mlを加えた後に加熱して、試料を完全溶解させた水溶液を準備した。得られた水溶液をICP分析装置(株式会社島津製作所、ICPS-10001V)にセットし、金属成分含有量を測定した。
フェライト粉末の炭素含有量を赤外線吸収法で測定した。具体的にはフェライト粉末1gを酸素気流中で燃焼させて、フェライト粉末に含まれる炭素を二酸化炭素に変えた。赤外線吸収検出器(LECOジャパン合同会社、炭素硫黄分析装置CS200型)を用いて二酸化炭素の赤外吸収量を測定し、この吸収量から炭素含有量を算出した。
フェライト粉末の残留炭素化合物を高分解能質量分析計(GC/MS)を用いて分析した。具体的にはフェライト粉末5gを秤量し、内容積200mlのビーカーに入れ、さらにメチルエチルケトン(MEK)500mlを加え、超音波処理を5分間施してフェライト粉末に付随する有機成分を抽出した。抽出したMEK溶液をフィルター濾過し、得られた濾過液を検液とした。高分解能質量分析計(GC/MS)の分析条件を以下に示す。
‐質量分析計:Agilent Technologies,5973N
‐カラム:Agilent Technologies,DB.5MS(膜厚0.25μm)
‐加熱導入装置:Parkin Elmer,TurboMatrix 650ATD
‐温度条件:50℃(2分)から280℃(18分)
‐昇温速度:20℃/分
‐キャリアガス流量:ヘリウム1ml/分
‐注入法:スプリットレス0.5分
‐注入口温度:280℃
‐インターフェイス:280℃
‐測定質量範囲:m/z 29~600
‐注入量:1μl
フェライト粉末をX線回折法により分析して、粉末中の結晶相の同定を行った。結晶相のうちスピネル相(Fe3O4、MnO・Fe2O3)とα-Fe2O3相の含有割合を求めた。分析条件は以下に示すとおりとした。
‐線源:Co-Kα
‐管電圧:45kV
‐管電流:40mA
‐スキャン速度:0.002°/sec(連続スキャン)
‐スキャン範囲(2θ):15~90°
フェライト粉末の粒度分布を測定した。まず試料10g及び水80mlを100mlのビーカーに入れ、分散剤としてヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウムを2滴添加した。次いで、超音波ホモジナイザー(株式会社エスエムテー、UH-150型)を用いて分散を行った。このとき、超音波ホモジナイザーの出力レベルを4に設定し、20秒間の分散を行った。その後、ピーカー表面にできた泡を取り除き、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所株式会社、SALD-7500nano)に導入して測定を行った。この測定により、体積粒度分布における10%径(D10)、50%径(体積平均粒子径、D50)、90%径(D90)及び最大径(Dmax)を求めた。測定条件は、ポンプスピード7、内蔵超音波照射時間30、屈折率1.70-050iとした。
フェライト粉末のBET比表面積を、比表面積測定装置(株式会社マウンテック、Macsorb HM model-1208)を用いて測定した。まず得られたフェライト粉末約10gを薬包紙に載せ、真空乾燥機で脱気して真空度が-0.1MPa以下であることを確認した。その後、200℃で2時間加熱することにより、粒子表面に付着している水分を除去した。水分除去したフェライト粉末を測定装置専用の標準サンプルセルに約0.5~4g入れ、精密天秤で正確に秤量した。次いで秤量したフェライト粒子を測定装置の測定ポートにセットして測定を行った。測定は1点法で行った。測定雰囲気は、温度10~30℃、相対湿度20~80%(結露なし)とした。
フェライト粉末のタップ密度を、USPタップ密度測定装置(ホソカワミクロン株式会社、パウダテスタPT-X)を用いて、JIS Z 2512-2012に準拠して測定した。
フェライト粉末の平均形状係数(SF-1)を次のようにして求めた。粒子画像分析装置(Malvern Panalytical社、モフォロギG3)を用いてフェライト粉末を解析した。解析の際には粉末中30000粒子について1粒子ごとの画像解析を行い、最大長(水平フェレ径)R(単位:μm)、投影周囲長L(単位:μm)及び投影面積S(単位:μm2)を自動測定した。次いで下記式(1)にしたがって各粒子についてのSF-1を算出し、その平均値をフェライト粉末のSF-1とした。
フェライト粉末の磁気特性(飽和磁化、残留磁化及び保磁力)を、次のようにして測定した。まず内径5mm、高さ2mmのセルに試料を詰めて、振動試料型磁気測定装置(東英工業株式会社、VSM-C7-10A)にセットした。印加磁場を加えて5kOeまで掃引し、次いで印加磁場を減少させて、ヒステリシスカーブを描かせた。得られたカーブのデータより、試料の飽和磁化(σs)、残留磁化(σr)及び保磁力(Hc)を求めた。
フェライト粉末の透磁率を、RFインピーダンス/マテリアル・アナライザ(アジレントテクノロジー株式会社、E4991A)と磁性材料測定電極(16454A)を用いて測定した。まずフェライト粉末9gとバインダー樹脂(Kynar301F:ポリフッ化ビニルデン)1gをポリエチレン製容器(内容量100ml)に入れ、ボールミルを用いて、回転数100rpmの条件で撹拌及び混合を行った。得られた混合物0.6g程度をダイス(内径4.5mm、外径13mm)に充填し、プレス機を用いて40MPaの圧力で1分間の加圧を行って成形体とした。得られた成形体を、熱風乾燥機を用いて140℃で2時間の加熱硬化を行って測定用サンプルとした。得られた測定用サンプルをRFインピーダンス/マテリアル・アナライザにセットし、事前に測定しておいた測定用サンプルの外径、内径及び高さを入力した。振幅100mV、測定周波数1MHz~3GHzの範囲を対数スケールで掃引することで測定を行った。周波数100MHzでの複素透磁率の実部μ’及び虚部μ’’を求め、損失係数(tanδ)を下記式(5)にしたがって算出した。
底辺に電極がついたテフロン(登録商標)製容器(内径17.6mm)と上部電極を用いてフェライト粉末の体積抵抗を測定した。まず測定時の高さが4mmとなるようにフェライト粉末を容器に投入・加圧し、その上部に電極を取り付けた。測定は上部電極の上に1kgの荷重をかけた状態で行い、絶縁抵抗計(ケースレーインスツルメンツ、6517A)を用いて50V刻み、5秒間隔で階段状に1000Vまで電圧を上げながら流れる電流を求めた。100V電圧下での電流と印加電圧の関係を求め、これから体積抵抗を算出した。
体積抵抗測定時に、測定装置(絶縁抵抗計)の出力電流である20mAを超える直前の印加電圧を求め、この印加電圧をブレークダウン電圧(VBD)とした。
フェライト粉末を樹脂組成物に適用し、樹脂組成物の粘度を測定した。まずフェライト粉末70質量部と主剤(エポキシ系樹脂)27質量部と硬化剤3重量部とを自転公転型混合器を用いて分散混合して、樹脂組成物を作製した。得られた樹脂について作製直後の粘度と5秒間経過後の粘度を、B型粘度計を用いて測定した。なお例5は体積抵抗が低かったため、樹脂硬化性能の評価は行わなかった。
得られた樹脂組成物を120℃×5分間の条件で乾燥させた。乾燥後の樹脂組成物を180℃で加熱して硬化を促し、樹脂硬化度が95%以上となる硬化時間を求めた。得られた硬化時間に基づき、以下に示すように格付けした。
B:硬化時間がstd×2.00以上std×3.00未満
例1~例15について得られた評価結果を表2及び表3に示す。例1~例4、例7、例8、例14及び例15が実施例サンプルであり、例5、例6及び例9~例13が比較例サンプルである。
Claims (7)
- 真球状フェライト粒子で構成されるフェライト粉末であって、
前記フェライト粉末が、鉄(Fe):55.0~70.0質量%及びマンガン(Mn):3.5~18.5質量%を含有し、α-Fe2O3量が0.0質量%超7.5質量%以下であり、
前記フェライト粉末は、その体積平均粒子径(D50)が15.0μm以下である、フェライト粉末。 - 前記α-Fe2O3量が3.0質量%以上6.0質量%以下である、請求項1に記載のフェライト粉末。
- 前記体積平均粒子径(D50)が2.0μm以上である、請求項1又は2に記載のフェライト粉末。
- 前記フェライト粉末は、その平均形状係数SF-1が100~110である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のフェライト粉末。
- 前記フェライト粉末は、その炭素(C)含有量が0.12質量%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のフェライト粉末。
- 前記フェライト粉末は、その体積抵抗が1.0×108Ω・cm以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のフェライト粉末。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のフェライト粉末の製造方法であって、以下の工程:
フェライト原料を混合して原料混合物を作製する工程、
前記原料混合物を仮焼して仮焼成物とする工程、
前記仮焼成物を粉砕及び造粒して造粒物とする工程、及び
前記造粒物を溶射して溶射物とする工程を有し、
前記造粒物の炭素含有量を0.001~0.095質量%とし、溶射工程で、原料供給速度を2.5~9.0kg/時間、燃焼ガス流量を3~10m3/時間、酸素流量を18~60m3/時間とする、方法。
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| JP2023131361A (ja) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-09-22 | Tdk株式会社 | コイル装置 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP7278001B2 (ja) | 2023-05-19 |
| US20230085745A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
| CN115003633A (zh) | 2022-09-02 |
| KR20220131916A (ko) | 2022-09-29 |
| EP4098622A1 (en) | 2022-12-07 |
| US12119151B2 (en) | 2024-10-15 |
| EP4098622A4 (en) | 2024-03-27 |
| JPWO2021153612A1 (ja) | 2021-08-05 |
| CN115003633B (zh) | 2025-02-28 |
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