WO2021200911A1 - フローサイトメーター - Google Patents
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- WO2021200911A1 WO2021200911A1 PCT/JP2021/013478 JP2021013478W WO2021200911A1 WO 2021200911 A1 WO2021200911 A1 WO 2021200911A1 JP 2021013478 W JP2021013478 W JP 2021013478W WO 2021200911 A1 WO2021200911 A1 WO 2021200911A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1434—Optical arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1434—Optical arrangements
- G01N15/1436—Optical arrangements the optical arrangement forming an integrated apparatus with the sample container, e.g. a flow cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1456—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals
- G01N15/1459—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals the analysis being performed on a sample stream
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1468—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
- G01N15/147—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle the analysis being performed on a sample stream
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/01—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials specially adapted for biological cells, e.g. blood cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N2015/0294—Particle shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N2015/1006—Investigating individual particles for cytology
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N2015/1497—Particle shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flow cytometer.
- the present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-656940 filed in Japan on April 1, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the flow cytometry method has been proposed as a cell measurement technique in the case of performing such analysis by one cell (single cell).
- This flow cytometry method is a technique for dispersing individual cells in a fluid and allowing the fluid to flow down finely for optical analysis, and an apparatus using this technique is called a flow cytometer (Patent Document 1). ).
- excitation light is irradiated while fine particles such as cells to be observed flow down in the flow path at high speed, and the total amount of fluorescence brightness and scattered light emitted from each cell is obtained.
- the observation object can be evaluated.
- the scattered light emitted from the light-irradiated cell is related to the morphological information such as the shape and internal structure of the cell, and one of the morphological information is obtained depending on the direction in which the scattered light is scattered. It is known that it can be obtained. Therefore, also in flow cytometry, there is known a method of measuring scattered light by combining cells with fluorescence and identifying and sorting desired cells contained in a sample based on the measurement result (Patent Document 3). ).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a means for detecting modulated light due to a measurement object such as scattered light by a mechanism simpler than the conventional one in flow cytometry using structured illumination. ..
- a measurement object such as scattered light by a mechanism simpler than the conventional one in flow cytometry using structured illumination. ..
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and one aspect of the present invention is a flow path through which an object to be observed can flow together with a fluid, a light source, and a space that modulates the light emitted from the light source.
- An illumination optical system including an optical modulation device, a first optical element that forms an image of light modulated by the spatial light modulation device in the flow path, and light formed by the first optical element.
- a flow cytometer comprising a detection optical system including a first light detector that detects light modulated by the observation object flowing in the flow path, wherein the illumination optical system is the light source and the light source.
- the detection optical system is in a second optical path between the first light detector and the imaging position in the flow path. It further comprises a second spatial filter having a second region that is installed and has a second region that directs the light modulated by the observation object towards the first light detector, the location of the first region and said. It is a flow cytometer that is installed in a substantially optically conjugate relationship with the position of the second region.
- the light modulated by the spatial optical modulation device passes through the observation object and the second spatial filter is provided.
- the region where the first spatial filter is irradiated by the light modulated by the spatial light modulation device and the first region overlap.
- the image formed by the region on the second spatial filter is substantially the same as or included in the region occupied by the second spatial filter.
- the light modulated by the observation object flowing in the flow path detected by the first photodetector is scattered light or diffracted light. ..
- the first region transmits or blocks the light emitted from the light source to travel toward the observation object. Interfere with either diffraction or reflection.
- a second light detector for detecting scattered light is further provided.
- a second light detector for detecting the scattered light is further provided.
- the first spatial filter and the spatial light modulation device are integrally provided in the flow cytometer.
- the second spatial filter is also used by the first spatial filter.
- the first photodetector is a region other than the second region of the second spatial filter in the light transmitted through the observation object.
- the first photodetector is a region other than the second region of the second spatial filter in the light transmitted through the observation object.
- one aspect of the present invention is a beam splitter that is arranged in the second optical path and takes out a part of the light modulated by the observation object in the flow cytometer, and is taken out by the beam splitter.
- a third spatial filter having a third region for transmitting the modulated light and a second photodetector for detecting the modulated light transmitted through the third region are further provided.
- modulated light due to an observation object can be detected by a simpler mechanism than in the past.
- modulated light such as scattered light emitted from an observation object by illumination irradiation can be detected with a high signal-to-noise ratio, and detailed morphological information of the observation object can be acquired with a higher resolution than before. can.
- label-free it becomes possible to separate an observation object such as a target cell at high speed based on morphological information in a non-invasive manner without labeling it with a fluorescent label or the like (hereinafter, also referred to as label-free).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the flow cytometer 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the flow cytometer 1 includes a flow path (not shown), an illumination optical system 2, and a detection optical system 3.
- the object 5 to be observed can flow together with the fluid in the flow path.
- the observation object 5 is an object for which morphological information is acquired, and is, for example, a cell.
- the observation object 5 may be fine particles such as bacteria.
- FIG. 1 shows an xyz coordinate system as a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.
- the x-axis direction is the length direction of the flow path.
- the y-axis direction is the width direction of the flow path.
- the z-axis direction is a direction orthogonal to the flow path and is a height direction of the flow path.
- the illumination optical system 2 is an optical system for irradiating the observation object 5 in the flow path by the structured illumination 4.
- the structured illumination 4 detects the forward scattered light scattered by the observation object 5 by the detection optical system 3.
- the forward scattered light is the light scattered in the positive direction of the z-axis among the scattered light by the observation object 5.
- the flow cytometer 1 detects scattered light based on the principle of so-called dark field observation.
- the optical path of the illumination light of the illumination optical system 2 is called the first optical path 24.
- the first optical path 24 is parallel to the z-axis.
- FIG. 1 as an example of the first optical path 24, the first optical path 24-1 and the first optical path 24-2 are shown.
- the illumination optical system 2 includes a light source 20, a spatial light modulation device 21, a first spatial filter 22, and a first objective lens 23.
- the light source 20, the spatial light modulation device 21, the first spatial filter 22, and the first objective lens 23 are in this order the first optical path 24 in the direction in which the illumination light is directed toward the observation object 5 flowing through the flow path. Be prepared on top.
- the light source 20 is, for example, a laser light source.
- the light source 20 emits illumination light, which is coherent light, as an example.
- the light source 20 may be a light source that emits incoherent light.
- Another example of the light source 20 is a semiconductor laser light source and an LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE) light source.
- the spatial light modulation device 21 modulates the light emitted from the light source 20.
- the spatial light modulation device 21 has a plurality of regions having different optical characteristics from each other.
- the spatial light modulation device 21 performs different modulations on the optical characteristics of incident light in two or more regions among a plurality of regions having different optical characteristics.
- the optical characteristic of incident light is, for example, a characteristic relating to any one or more of intensity, wavelength, phase, and polarization state.
- the optical characteristics are not limited to these. Further, the modulation is to change the above-mentioned optical characteristics.
- the spatial light modulation device 21 includes, for example, a diffractive optical element (DOE: Differential Optical Element), a spatial light modulator (SLM: Spatial Light Modulator), a digital mirror device (DMD: Digital Micromiror Device), and a plurality of digital mirror devices having different optical characteristics. Includes a film or the like in which the area is printed on the surface.
- DOE diffractive optical element
- SLM Spatial Light Modulator
- DMD Digital Micromiror Device
- a plurality of digital mirror devices having different optical characteristics Includes a film or the like in which the area is printed on the surface.
- the spatial light modulation device 21 is a DMD.
- the first spatial filter 22 has a blocking region that blocks the light emitted from the light source 20 and a transmission region that transmits the light emitted from the light source 20.
- the first spatial filter 22 is installed on the first optical path 24, which is an optical path between the light source 20 and the imaging position 25 in the flow path.
- the imaging position 25 is the position of an image of light imaged in the flow path by the first objective lens 23.
- the position of the image of light imaged by the first objective lens 23 is the position where the structured illumination 4 is imaged.
- the illumination pattern of the structured illumination light applied to the observation object is constant and does not change during the period of measuring one observation object.
- the structured illumination 4 is a structured illumination pattern in which the illumination light modulated by the spatial light modulation device 21 is imaged by the first objective lens 23.
- the first spatial filter 22 is provided, for example, between the spatial light modulation device 21 and the imaging position 25 in the first optical path 24.
- the first spatial filter 22 is installed substantially perpendicular to the first optical path 24 (that is, in the z-axis direction).
- the first spatial filter 22 is provided at any position between the spatial light modulation device 21 and the imaging position 25 in the first optical path 24, as long as it is at a position other than the imaging position 25. May be good.
- the first spatial filter 22 is provided at the imaging position 25, the structured illumination 4 itself is missing, which is not preferable.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first spatial filter 22 according to the present embodiment.
- the shape of the first space filter 22 is, for example, a quadrangle and a plate shape.
- FIG. 2 shows a plane 222 when the plate-shaped first space filter 22 is viewed from the side of the light source 20 in the z-axis direction.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22 on the light source 20 side is located on the plane 222.
- the irradiation region R1 indicates a region in which the structured illumination light, which is the light from the light source 20 modulated by the spatial light modulation device 21, is irradiated on the plane 222.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22 located on the plane 222 is divided into a transmission region 220 and a blocking region 221.
- the transmission region 220 of the first spatial filter 22 is separated by a blocking region 221 and consists of two regions in which the transmission region 220-1 and the transmission region 220-2 are not connected.
- the transmission region 220 is configured by providing a gap in the first spatial filter 22.
- the transmission region 220 is a region that transmits the light emitted from the light source 20.
- the blocking region 221 is a mask that blocks the light emitted from the light source 20.
- the shape of the blocking region 221 is rectangular as an example in this embodiment.
- the shape of the blocking region 221 is not limited to a rectangle and may be any shape as long as it occupies a part of the irradiation region R1. That is, the shape and arrangement of the blocking region 221 in the first space filter 22 does not have to be the shape and arrangement as shown in FIG. 2 so as to divide the transmission region 220 into two or more regions. ..
- the shape of the blocking region 221 may be a circle whose diameter is shorter than the diameter of the irradiation region R1 and may be arranged in the center of the first spatial filter 22.
- the blocking region 221 is arranged at the end of the irradiation region R1, and a part of the light irradiated to the irradiation region R1 that is irradiated to the end is blocked by the blocking region 221. It may have been done.
- the blocking region 221 is concentrically arranged at the end of the irradiation region R1, the shape of the transmission region 220 is a circle having a diameter shorter than the diameter of the irradiation region R1, and the transmission region 220 is the center. It may have a structure that is installed in a part.
- the blocking region 221 is an example of a first region that prevents the light emitted from the light source 20 from traveling toward the observation object 5. Therefore, the first spatial filter 22 has a first region that prevents the light emitted from the light source 20 from traveling toward the observation object 5.
- the first spatial filter 22 has the blocking region 221, a part of the frequencies of the light emitted as the structured illumination 4 may be lost.
- the region of the irradiation region R1 where the irradiated light is blocked by the blocking region 221 is, in other words, a region where the irradiation region R1 and the blocking region 221 overlap.
- the area of the area where the irradiation area R1 and the blocking area 221 overlap is determined in consideration of the structure of the observation object, the structure of the structured illumination light, and the like, and the ratio of the blocking region to the irradiation region R1. Is preferably in the range of 5% to 70%.
- the first objective lens 23 forms an image of light modulated by the spatial light modulation device 21.
- the first objective lens 23 forms an image of the light modulated by the spatial light modulation device 21 at the image formation position 25 of the flow path.
- the light imaged by the first objective lens 23 irradiates the observation object 5 flowing through the flow path as the structured illumination 4.
- the first objective lens 23 is an example of a first optical element that forms an image of light modulated by the spatial light modulation device 21 in the flow path.
- the detection optical system 3 is an optical system that detects light modulated by the observation object 5 flowing in the flow path.
- the detection optical system 3 includes a second objective lens 30, a second spatial filter 31, an imaging lens 32, and a first photodetector 33.
- the optical path of scattered light is referred to as a second optical path 34.
- the first photodetector 33 detects the forward scattered light, which is the light modulated by the object 5.
- the second spatial filter 31 has a blocking region that blocks the light transmitted through the observation object 5 and a transmission region that transmits the light modulated by the observation object 5.
- the light transmitted through the observation object 5 is direct light emitted from the light source 20 and transmitted through the observation object 5. That is, the second spatial filter 31 blocks the direct light transmitted through the observation object 5.
- the light modulated by the observation object 5 is scattered light in which the light emitted from the light source 20 is scattered by the observation object 5. That is, the second spatial filter 31 transmits the scattered light scattered by the observation object 5.
- the second space filter 31 is installed in the second optical path 34.
- the position where the second space filter 31 is installed and the position where the first space filter 22 is installed have a substantially optically conjugate relationship.
- the fact that the positions to be installed here have a substantially optically conjugate relationship means that they are installed at positions that are substantially optically conjugate.
- the first spatial filter 22 and the second spatial filter 31 are arranged substantially in parallel.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the second spatial filter 31 according to the present embodiment.
- the shape of the second space filter 31 is, for example, a quadrangle and a plate shape.
- FIG. 3 shows a plane 312 when the plate-shaped second space filter 31 is viewed from the side of the light source 20 in the z-axis direction.
- the surface of the second spatial filter 31 on the light source 20 side is located on the plane 312.
- the irradiation region R2 when the first spatial filter 22 is not provided in the flow cytometer 1, the light irradiated to the observation object 5 as the structured illumination 4 is irradiated on the plane 312 through the second objective lens 30. Indicates the area to be used.
- the surface of the second space filter 31 located on the plane 312 is divided into a blocking region 310 and a transmission region 311.
- the blocking region 310 of the second spatial filter 31 is separated by a transmission region 311 and consists of two regions in which the blocking region 310-1 and the blocking region 310-2 are not connected.
- the blocking area 310 is a mask that blocks the light transmitted through the observation object 5.
- the light transmitted through the observation object 5 is direct light transmitted through the transmission region 220 included in the first spatial filter 22.
- the transmission region 311 is configured by providing a gap in the second spatial filter 31 as an example. In the area where the transmission area 311 and the irradiation area R2 overlap on the plane 312, an image of the area where the blocking area 221 and the irradiation area R1 in the first space filter overlap is formed on the second space filter 31 and occupies the plane 312. It is almost the same as the area. As described above, since the shape of the blocking region 221 is rectangular in the present embodiment, the shape of the transmission region 311 is also rectangular.
- the transmission region 311 is a region that transmits the scattered light scattered by the observation object 5.
- the region where the irradiation region R2 and the transmission region 311 overlap on the plane 312 of the second space filter 31 and the region where the irradiation region R1 and the blocking region 221 overlap on the plane 222 of the first space filter 22 are imaged with each other. There is a relationship.
- the shape and arrangement of the region where the irradiation region R2 and the transmission region 311 overlap may be such that the region where the irradiation region R1 and the blocking region 221 overlap is included in the image formed on the plane 312. good.
- the transmission region 311 is an example of a second region that transmits light modulated by the observation object 5.
- the first spatial filter 22 is not provided in the flow cytometer 1
- the light radiated to the observation object 5 as the structured illumination 4 is radiated on the plane 312 through the second objective lens 30.
- the region where the irradiation region R2 and the transmission region 311 overlap is the second spatial filter 31. It is substantially the same as or included in the region occupied by the imaged image in the second spatial filter 31.
- the position where the second space filter 31 is installed and the position where the first space filter 22 is installed have a substantially optically conjugated relationship. Therefore, with respect to the positional relationship between the blocking region 221 of the first spatial filter 22 and the transmission region 311 of the second spatial filter 31, the position of the blocking region 221 and the position of the transmission region 311 are substantially optically conjugated. There is a relationship.
- the transmission region 220 included in the first spatial filter 22 and the transmission region 311 included in the second spatial filter 31 are formed by gaps
- the transmission region 220 and the transmission region 311 may be composed of a substance having a transmittance of a predetermined value or more.
- the second objective lens 30 converts the light modulated by the observation object 5 into parallel light.
- the second optical path 34 is an optical path for scattered light, which is an optical path between the first photodetector 33 and the imaging position 25.
- the position where the second space filter 31 is installed and the position where the first space filter 22 is installed have a substantially optically conjugate relationship, and the second objective lens 30 is installed.
- the position to be set is such that the structured illumination 4 is placed in the flow path in the second optical path 34 as long as it does not interfere with the substantially optically coupled relationship between the first spatial filter 22 and the second spatial filter 31. It may be arranged at any position between the imaging position 25 to be imaged and the second spatial filter 31.
- the imaging lens 32 is arranged at a position between the second spatial filter 31 and the first photodetector 33 in the second optical path 34.
- the imaging lens 32 images the light modulated by the observation object 5 that has passed through the second objective lens 30 on the detection surface of the first photodetector 33 by the imaging lens 32. It is placed in the position where it is.
- the first photodetector 33 detects the scattered light imaged by the imaging lens 32.
- the scattered light imaged by the imaging lens 32 is the forward scattered light generated by the observation object 5, and the structured illumination imaged in the flow path by the first objective lens 23 passes through the flow path.
- the first photodetector 33 is an example of a first photodetector that detects light formed by an optical element and modulated by an observation object 5 flowing in a flow path.
- the first photodetector 33 has, for example, an optical sensor such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a line-type PMT element, a photodiode, an APD (Avalanche Photo-deide), or a semiconductor optical sensor. ..
- an optical sensor such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a line-type PMT element, a photodiode, an APD (Avalanche Photo-deide), or a semiconductor optical sensor. ..
- the scattered light detected by the first photodetector 33 is imaged on the detection surface of the first photodetector 33 via the second objective lens 30 and the imaging lens 32.
- the scattered light detected by the first photodetector 33 is preferably imaged on the detection surface of the first photodetector 33, but is predetermined on the detection surface of the first photodetector 33. As long as the amount of light or more is focused, it is not necessary to form an image on the detection surface of the first photodetector 33.
- the scattered light detected by the photodetector may not be imaged on the detection surface as long as a predetermined amount of light or more is focused on the detection surface of the photodetector.
- the first photodetector 33 converts the detected scattered light into a telegraph pulse and outputs it to a DAQ (Data Acquisition) device (not shown) or the like.
- the DAQ device converts electrical signal pulses into electronic data on a pulse-by-pulse basis.
- the DATA device outputs electronic data to an analyzer (not shown) or the like. The electronic data is analyzed by the analysis device, and the morphological information of the observation object 5 is acquired.
- the flow cytometer 1 includes an illumination optical system 2, a flow path through which the observation object 5 can flow together with the fluid, and a detection optical system 3.
- the illumination optical system 2 includes a light source 20, a spatial light modulation device 21, and a first optical element (first objective lens 23 in this embodiment).
- the spatial light modulation device 21 modulates the light emitted from the light source 20.
- the first optical element (first objective lens 23 in this embodiment) forms an image of light modulated by the spatial light modulation device 21 in the flow path.
- the detection optical system 3 is a first light for detecting the light formed by the first optical element (the first objective lens 23 in the present embodiment) and modulated by the observation object 5 flowing in the flow path.
- a detector 33 is provided.
- the illumination optical system 2 further includes a first spatial filter 22.
- the first spatial filter 22 is provided in the first optical path 24 between the light source 20 and the imaging position 25 in the flow path imaged by the first optical element (first objective lens 23 in this embodiment). It has a first region (blocking region 221 in the present embodiment) that is installed and prevents the light emitted from the light source 20 from traveling toward the observation object 5.
- the detection optical system 3 further includes a second spatial filter 31.
- the second spatial filter 31 is installed in the second optical path 34 between the first photodetector 33 and the imaging position 25 in the flow path, and the light modulated by the observation object 5 (the present embodiment). In the example, it has a second region (transmitted region 311 in the present embodiment) that transmits forward scattered light).
- the position of the first region (blocking region 221 in the present embodiment) and the position of the second region (transmission region 311 in the present embodiment) are substantially optically conjugated.
- the flow cytometer 1 has a simple configuration in which the first spatial filter 22 and the second spatial filter 31 are provided on the optical path in the flow cytometry using the structured illumination light. Therefore, the modulated light due to the observation object can be detected by a mechanism simpler than that of the conventional flow cytometer.
- the conventional flow cytometer is, for example, a flow cytometer that evaluates the characteristics of cells by the total amount of fluorescence brightness and the total amount of scattered light using line-shaped illumination light.
- the modulated light by the observation object includes scattered light and diffracted light.
- the second region (the present embodiment) arranged at a position substantially optically conjugate with the position of the first region (the blocking region 221 in the present embodiment). Since the scattered light from the observation object 5 transmitted through the transmission region 311) can be detected in the form, the scattered light that realizes a higher signal noise ratio than the conventional one can be detected.
- the signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio of scattered light to light other than scattered light among the lights detected by the first photodetector 33.
- the light other than the scattered light is, for example, direct light.
- the flow cytometer 1 can analyze the scattered light detected at a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the conventional one.
- the illumination light is modulated by the modulation device, the structured illumination is applied to the measurement object, and higher resolution morphological information can be extracted based on the scattered light.
- Detailed morphological information about the observation object 5 can be obtained (label-free) without labeling with a fluorescent substance, and the observation object 5 can be measured and classified non-invasively.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a flow cytometer 1a according to a modified example of the present embodiment.
- the flow cytometer 1a includes a flow path (not shown), an illumination optical system 2a, and a detection optical system 3a.
- the same configurations and operations as those of the first embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the illumination optical system 2a includes a light source 20a, a spatial light modulation device 21a, a first spatial filter 22a, and a first objective lens 23.
- the optical path of the illumination light of the illumination optical system 2a is referred to as a first optical path 24a.
- the first optical path 24a-1, the first optical path 24a-2, and the first optical path 24a-3 are shown.
- the first optical path 24a is parallel to the x-axis in the section from the light source 20a to the first spatial filter 22a.
- the first optical path 24a-1 and the first optical path 24a-3 are located at the positions of the first spatial filter 22a due to the illumination light being reflected by the first spatial filter 22a.
- the first optical path 24a-1 and the first optical path 24a-3 are parallel to the z-axis in the section from the first spatial filter 22a to the observation object 5.
- the light source 20a, the spatial light modulation device 21a, the first spatial filter 22a, and the first objective lens 23 are in this order the first optical path 24a in the direction in which the illumination light is directed toward the observation object 5 flowing through the flow path. Be prepared on top.
- the configuration of the light source 20a and the spatial light modulation device 21a is the configuration of the light source 20 and the spatial light modulation device 21 of the first embodiment except that the direction of the first optical path 24a provided with them is parallel to the x-axis. Is the same as each.
- the first spatial filter 22a has a reflection region that reflects the light emitted from the light source 20a and a transmission region that transmits the light emitted from the light source 20a.
- the first spatial filter 22a is installed at an angle of a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the first optical path 24a (that is, the x-axis direction).
- the predetermined angle is, for example, 45 degrees clockwise when viewed in the ⁇ y direction.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first spatial filter 22a according to the present modification.
- the flat surface of the plate-shaped first spatial filter 22a on the light source 20a side that is, the flat surface 222a of the first spatial filter 22a in FIG. 4 when viewed from the light source 20a side in the x-axis direction is It is shown.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22a on the light source 20 side is located on the plane 222a.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22a located on the plane 222a is divided into a reflection region 220a and a transmission region 221a.
- the reflection region 220a of the first spatial filter 22a is separated by the transmission region 221a and consists of two regions in which the reflection region 220a-1 and the reflection region 220a-2 are not connected.
- the reflection region 220a is a mirror that reflects the illumination light from the light source 20a.
- the transmission region 221a transmits the illumination light from the light source 20a.
- the transmission region 221a is an example of a first region that prevents the light emitted from the light source 20a from traveling toward the observation object 5.
- the detection optical system 3a includes a second objective lens 30, a second spatial filter 31a, an imaging lens 32a, and a first photodetector 33a.
- the optical path of the forward scattered light is referred to as a second optical path 34a.
- the second optical path 34a is parallel to the z-axis in the section from the observation object 5 to the second spatial filter 31a.
- the second optical path 34a bends at a substantially right angle at the position of the second spatial filter 31a due to the forward scattered light being reflected by the second spatial filter 31a.
- the second optical path 34a becomes parallel to the x-axis in the section from the second spatial filter 31a to the first photodetector 33a.
- the second objective lens 30, the second spatial filter 31a, the imaging lens 32a, and the first photodetector 33a are transferred from the observation object 5 flowing through the flow path to the first photodetector 33a in this order. It is provided on the second optical path 34a in the direction in which the forward scattered light is directed.
- the second spatial filter 31a has a reflection region that reflects the light modulated by the observation object 5 and a blocking region that blocks the light that has passed through the observation object 5.
- the light modulated by the observation object 5 is forward scattered light as described above.
- the second spatial filter 31a is installed at an angle of a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the second optical path 34a (that is, the z-axis direction).
- the predetermined angle is, for example, 45 degrees counterclockwise when viewed in the ⁇ y direction.
- the position where the second spatial filter 31a is installed and the position where the first spatial filter 22a is installed have a substantially optically conjugate relationship.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the second spatial filter 31a according to the present modification.
- the surface of the plate-shaped second space filter 31a on the observation object side that is, the plane 312a when the second space filter 31a in FIG. 4 is viewed from the observation object 5 side in the z-axis direction is It is shown.
- the surface of the second spatial filter 31a on the observation object 5 side (light source 20 side) is located on the plane 312a.
- the surface of the second spatial filter 31a located on the plane 312a is divided into a blocking region 310a and a reflection region 311a.
- the blocking region 310a of the second spatial filter 31a is separated by the reflection region 311a and consists of two regions in which the blocking region 310a-1 and the blocking region 310a-2 are not connected.
- the reflection region 311a is, for example, a mirror.
- the configurations of the imaging lens 32a and the first photodetector 33a are the imaging lens 32 and the first photodetector 33a shown in FIG. 1, except that the orientation of the second optical path 34a provided with them is parallel to the x-axis.
- the configuration is the same as that of the photodetector 33 of the above.
- the flow cytometer 1a may be provided with the detection optical system 3 shown in FIG. 1 instead of the detection optical system 3a. Further, in the flow cytometer 1 of the first embodiment, the detection optical system 3a shown in FIG. 4 may be provided instead of the detection optical system 3.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the flow cytometer 1b according to the present embodiment.
- the flow cytometer 1b includes a flow path (not shown), an illumination optical system 2b, and a detection optical system 3b.
- the same configurations and operations as those of the first embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the flow cytometer according to this embodiment is referred to as a flow cytometer 1b.
- the flow cytometer 1b detects backscattered light as light modulated by the observation object.
- the structured illumination 4 detects the backscattered light scattered by the observation object 5 by the detection optical system 3b.
- the backscattered light is the light scattered in the negative direction of the z-axis among the scattered light by the observation object 5.
- the illumination optical system 2b includes a light source 20, a spatial light modulation device 21, a first spatial filter 22b, and a first objective lens 23.
- the optical path of the illumination light of the illumination optical system 2b is referred to as a first optical path 24b.
- the first spatial filter 22b has a blocking region that blocks the light emitted from the light source 20 and a transmission region that transmits the light emitted from the light source 20. Further, the first spatial filter 22b has a reflection region for reflecting the backscattered light by the observation object 5 on the back side of the blocking region.
- the first optical path 24b-1 and the first optical path 24b-3 are optical paths of light that passes through the transmission region of the first spatial filter 22b of the illumination light.
- the first optical path 24b-2 is an optical path of light that is blocked by the blocking region of the first spatial filter 22b among the illumination lights.
- the first spatial filter 22b is installed at an angle of a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the first optical path 24b (that is, the z-axis direction).
- the predetermined angle is, for example, 45 degrees clockwise when viewed in the ⁇ y direction.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the first spatial filter 22b according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows a plane of the plate-shaped first space filter 22b on the light source 20 side, that is, a plane 222b which is a plane when the first space filter is viewed from the light source 20 side in the z-axis direction in FIG. 7. Has been done.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22b on the light source 20 side is located on the plane 222b.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22b located on the plane 222b is divided into a transmission region 220b and a blocking region 221b.
- the transmission region 220b is separated by the blocking region 221b and consists of two regions in which the transmission region 220b-1 and the transmission region 220b-2 are not connected.
- the first spatial filter 22b has a reflection region 223b in a region facing the blocking region 221b on the back surface of the first spatial filter 22b (the surface of the first spatial filter 22b on the imaging position 25 side).
- the reflection region 223b is a mirror that reflects backscattered light from the observation object 5. This mirror is an example of a member that reflects scattered light emitted from the observation object 5.
- the first region that prevents the light emitted from the light source 20 from traveling to the observation object 5 is a surface at the imaging position 25 among the surfaces constituting the first spatial filter 22b.
- the light emitted from the light source 20 is composed of a member that reflects the scattered light scattered backward by the observation object 5.
- the first spatial filter 22b has a blocking region 221b that blocks the light emitted from the light source 20 on the surface on the light source 20 side, and the observation object 5 is on the surface opposite to the light source 20. It has a reflection region 223b that reflects scattered light emitted from the light source.
- the detection optical system 3b includes an imaging lens 32a and a first photodetector 33a.
- the configurations of the imaging lens 32a and the first photodetector 33a are the same as the configurations of the imaging lens 32a and the first photodetector 33a shown in FIG. 4, respectively.
- the second spatial filter is also used by the first spatial filter 22b.
- the first spatial filter 22b has a first region (blocking region 221b in the present embodiment) that prevents the light source light from being irradiated to the observation object 5 on the surface on the light source 20 side, which is opposite to the light source 20.
- It has a structure having a member (reflection region 223b in the present embodiment) that reflects the backward scattered light by the observation object 5 on the surface of the first region (blocking region 221b in the present embodiment) and the second.
- the region (reflection region 223b in the present embodiment) is arranged at a position substantially optically conjugate.
- the optical path of backscattered light is referred to as a second optical path 34b.
- the second optical path 34b is parallel to the z-axis in the section from the observation object 5 to the first spatial filter 22b.
- the second optical path 34b is substantially perpendicular to the position of the first spatial filter 22b because the backscattered light is reflected by the first spatial filter 22b (the side of the first spatial filter facing the imaging position 25). Turn to. As a result, the second optical path 34b becomes parallel to the x-axis in the section from the first spatial filter 22b to the first photodetector 33a.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the second spatial filter does not have to be combined with the first spatial filter 22b.
- the position of the second optical path 34b is different from the position where the first spatial filter 22b is installed, and the position of the first region and the position of the second region are substantially optically conjugated.
- a spatial filter different from the first spatial filter 22b is installed as a second spatial filter at a position having such a relationship.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a flow cytometer 1c according to a modified example of the present embodiment.
- the flow cytometer 1c includes a flow path (not shown), an illumination optical system 2c, and a detection optical system 3c.
- the same configurations and operations as those of the second embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the illumination optical system 2c includes a light source 20c, a spatial light modulation device 21c, a first spatial filter 22c, and a first objective lens 23.
- the optical path of the illumination light of the illumination optical system 2c is referred to as a first optical path 24c.
- the first optical path 24c-1 and the first optical path 24c-2 are shown.
- the first optical path 24c is parallel to the x-axis in the section from the light source 20c to the first spatial filter.
- the first optical path 24c-1 and the first optical path 24c-2 are bent at substantially right angles at the position of the first spatial filter 22c due to the illumination light being reflected by the first spatial filter 22c.
- the first optical path 24c-1 and the first optical path 24c-2 are parallel to the z-axis in the section from the first spatial filter 22c to the observation object 5.
- the light source 20c, the spatial light modulation device 21c, the first spatial filter 22c, and the first objective lens 23 are in this order the first optical path 24c in the direction in which the illumination light is directed toward the observation object 5 flowing through the flow path. Be prepared on top.
- the configuration of the light source 20c and the spatial light modulation device 21c is the configuration of the light source 20 and the spatial light modulation device 21 of the first embodiment except that the direction of the first optical path 24c provided with them is parallel to the x-axis. Is the same as each.
- the configuration of the first spatial filter 22c is the same as the configuration of the first spatial filter 22a shown in FIG.
- the detection optical system 3c includes an imaging lens 32c and a first photodetector 33c.
- the optical path of the backscattered light is referred to as a second optical path 34c.
- the second optical path 34c is parallel to the z-axis.
- the second optical path 34c is an optical path of light that passes through the first spatial filter 22c of the backscattered light.
- the imaging lens 32c and the first photodetector 33c are provided on the second optical path 34c in the direction in which the scattered light is directed from the observation object 5 flowing through the flow path to the first photodetector 33c in this order. ..
- the configurations of the imaging lens 32c and the first photodetector 33c are shown in FIG. 1, except that the orientation of the second optical path 34c and the orientation of the z-axis shown in the figure are opposite to each other.
- the configuration is the same as that of the imaging lens 32 and the first photodetector 33, respectively.
- FIG. 9 as a modification of the present embodiment, an example in which the second spatial filter is also used by the first spatial filter 22c is described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Similar to the present embodiment, when the first space filter 22c also serves as the second space filter, the position in the second optical path 34c is different from the position where the first space filter 22c is installed. A spatial filter different from the first spatial filter 22c is installed as a second spatial filter at a position where the position of the first region and the position of the second region are substantially optically coupled. can do.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the flow cytometer 1d according to the present embodiment.
- the flow cytometer 1d includes a flow path (not shown), an illumination optical system 2d, and a detection optical system 3d.
- the same configurations and operations as those of the first embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the structured illumination 4 detects the forward scattered light and the backscattered light scattered by the observation object 5 by the detection optical system 3d.
- FIG. 10 describes, as an example, a case where the second spatial filter is also used by the first spatial filter 22d when detecting backscattered light, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the first spatial filter 22d also serves as the second spatial filter when detecting the backward scattered light
- the position where the first spatial filter 22d is installed in the third optical path 37d Is a different position
- a space filter different from the first space filter 22d is placed at a position where the position of the first region and the position of the second region are substantially optically coupled. It is installed as a space filter of 2.
- the illumination optical system 2d includes a light source 20, a spatial light modulation device 21, a first spatial filter 22d, and a first objective lens 23.
- the optical path of the illumination light of the illumination optical system 2d is referred to as a first optical path 24d.
- the first optical path 24d-1 and the first optical path 24b-2 are shown.
- the configuration of the first spatial filter 22d shown in FIG. 10 is the same as the configuration of the first spatial filter 22b shown in FIG. That is, the first spatial filter 22d has a blocking region 221d (corresponding to the blocking region 221b in FIG. 8) that blocks the light emitted from the light source 20 on the surface on the light source 20 side, and is on the side opposite to the light source 20.
- the surface has a reflection region 223d (corresponding to the reflection region 223b in FIG. 8) that reflects the scattered light of the light emitted from the observation object 5.
- the first optical path 24d-1 and the first optical path 24d-2 are optical paths of light that passes through the transmission region 220d of the first spatial filter 22d among the illumination lights.
- the first spatial filter 22d is installed at an angle of a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the first optical path 24d (that is, the z-axis direction).
- the predetermined angle is, for example, 45 degrees clockwise when viewed in the ⁇ y direction.
- the second spatial filter 31d is installed as a second spatial filter.
- the configuration of the second spatial filter 31d is the same as the configuration of the second spatial filter 31 shown in FIG. That is, the second spatial filter 31d has a transmission region 311d (corresponding to the transmission region 311 in FIG. 3) that transmits scattered light emitted from the observation object 5 on the surface on the light source 20 side and a direct emission from the light source 20. It has a blocking region 310d (corresponding to the blocking region 310 in FIG. 3) that blocks light.
- the first space filter 22d is installed at a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the first optical path 24d (that is, a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the light emitted from the light source 20).
- the images of the points included in the blocking region 221d are located at different locations in the direction of the optical axis.
- the second spatial filter 31d is tilted, and the image of the region where the irradiation region R1 and the blocking region 221d overlap in the first spatial filter 22d is different from each other with respect to the direction of the optical axis of the second spatial filter 31d. An image is formed on the place.
- the region where the irradiation region R1 of the first spatial filter 22d and the blocking region 221d overlap and the region where the irradiation region R2 and the transmission region 311d of the second spatial filter 31d overlap each other are optically substantially conjugated to each other. It is placed in a suitable position.
- the first objective lens 23 forms an image of the light modulated by the spatial light modulation device 21 at the imaging position 25 on the flow path. Further, the first objective lens 23 makes the backscattered light from the observation object 5 parallel light. Here, the backscattered light by the observation object 5 is reflected by the reflection region 223d of the first spatial filter 22d, travels in the ⁇ X direction, passes through the second imaging lens 35d, and then the second light. Focuses on the detection surface of the detector 36d.
- the detection optical system 3d includes a second objective lens 30, a second spatial filter 31d, an imaging lens 32, a first photodetector 33, a second imaging lens 35d, and a second photodetector. It is equipped with 36d.
- the optical path of the forward scattered light is referred to as a second optical path 34d.
- the second optical path 34d is parallel to the z-axis like the second optical path 34 shown in FIG.
- the optical path of the backscattered light is referred to as a third optical path 37d.
- the third optical path 37d is parallel to the z-axis in the section from the observation object 5 to the first spatial filter 22d.
- the third optical path 37d bends at a substantially right angle at the position of the first spatial filter 22d due to the backscattered light being reflected by the first spatial filter 22d.
- the third optical path 37d is parallel to the x-axis in the section from the first spatial filter 22d to the second photodetector 36d.
- the second spatial filter 31d has a blocking region 310d that blocks the direct light transmitted through the observation object 5 and a transmission region 311d that transmits the forward scattered light transmitted by the observation object 5.
- the second spatial filter 31d is installed at an angle of a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the second optical path 34d (that is, the z-axis direction).
- the predetermined angle is, for example, 45 degrees counterclockwise when viewed in the ⁇ y direction.
- the configuration of the second spatial filter 31d is the same as that of the second spatial filter 31 (FIG. 3), except that the second spatial filter 31d is installed at an angle of a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the second optical path 34d. Is.
- the first spatial filter 22d and the second spatial filter 31d are tilted by a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the first optical path 24d (that is, the z-axis direction). is set up.
- the position where the second spatial filter 31d is installed is arranged at a position conjugate with the first spatial filter 22d, and the shadow region (irradiation region) generated by the blocking region 221 of the first spatial filter 22d.
- the image of the region of R1 blocked by the blocking region 221) is substantially the same as the region where the irradiation region R2 and the transmission region 311d overlap on the plane of the second space filter 31d.
- the second imaging lens 35d forms an image of backscattered light reflected by the first spatial filter 22d.
- the first spatial filter 22d also serves as a second spatial filter for backscattered light detection.
- the first spatial filter 22d has a first region (blocking region 221d on the surface on the light source side) and a second region (reflection region 223d on the surface on the imaging position 25 side).
- the second photodetector 36d detects the backscattered light imaged by the second imaging lens 35d.
- the backscattered light imaged by the second imaging lens 35d is the light reflected by the reflection region 223d formed by the reflecting member of the first spatial filter 22d from the scattered light emitted from the observation object 5. Is. Therefore, the second photodetector 36d detects the scattered light emitted from the observation object 5 by being reflected by the reflecting member.
- the flow cytometer 1d may detect only backscattered light.
- the second objective lens 30, the second spatial filter 31d, the imaging lens 32, and the first photodetector 33 are omitted from the detection optical system 3d.
- the side of the surfaces constituting the first spatial filter 22d facing the imaging position 25 is the first.
- All or part of the region 1 is a member (in the present embodiment, the reflection region 223d) in which the light emitted from the light source 20 reflects the scattered light scattered by the observation object 5. It is composed of the constituent mirrors).
- the light emitted from the light source 20 is reflected by a member (mirror constituting the reflection region 223d in the present embodiment) that reflects the scattered light by the observation object 5.
- a second light detector 36d for detecting scattered light is provided.
- the first spatial filter 22d prevents the light source light from being irradiated to the observation object 5 on the surface on the light source 20 side (the present embodiment).
- the structure has a blocking region 221d) and a member (a mirror constituting the reflection region 223d in the present embodiment) that reflects the backward scattered light by the observation object 5 on the surface opposite to the light source 20.
- the first region in the present embodiment, the blocking region 221d of the first spatial filter 22d
- the first region that prevents the light source light from being irradiated to the observation object 5 is observed.
- the illumination light is modulated by the modulation device, and the structured illumination is irradiated to the measurement object to be simultaneously acquired as scattered light in the front and the rear. Therefore, higher resolution morphological information regarding the observation object 5 can be obtained without labeling with a fluorescent substance (label-free), and the observation object 5 can be measured and classified non-invasively.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the flow cytometer 1e according to the present embodiment.
- the flow cytometer 1e includes a flow path (not shown), an illumination optical system 2e, and a detection optical system 3e.
- the same configurations and operations as those of the above-described embodiments and modifications thereof are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the illumination optical system 2e includes a light source 20c, a spatial light modulation device 21c, a first spatial filter 22c, and a first objective lens 23.
- the optical path of the illumination light of the illumination optical system 2e is referred to as a first optical path 24e.
- the first optical path 24e-1, the first optical path 24e-2, and the first optical path 24e-3 are shown.
- the first optical path 24e is parallel to the x-axis in the section from the light source 20c to the first spatial filter 22c.
- the first optical path 24e-1 and the first optical path 24e-3 are bent at substantially right angles at the position of the first spatial filter 22c due to the illumination light being reflected by the first spatial filter 22c.
- the first optical path 24e-1 and the first optical path 24e-3 are parallel to the z-axis in the section from the first spatial filter 22c to the observation object 5.
- the illumination light passes through the first spatial filter 22c.
- the light source 20c, the spatial light modulation device 21c, and the first spatial filter 22c are provided on the first optical path 24e in the + x direction in this order.
- the first spatial filter 22c has a reflection region that reflects the light emitted from the light source 20c, and a transmission region that transmits the light emitted from the light source 20c and the backscattered light emitted by the observation object 5.
- the first spatial filter 22c is installed at an angle of a predetermined angle from a direction substantially perpendicular to the z-axis direction, similarly to the first spatial filter 22c (FIG. 9) according to the modified example of the second embodiment. Will be done.
- the configuration of the first spatial filter 22c is the same as the configuration of the first spatial filter 22a shown in FIG. 4, and includes a transmission region 221c as a transmission region in the central portion and a reflection region 220c as a reflection region at both ends. ..
- the modulated illumination light is reflected by the reflection region 220c of the first spatial filter 22c, and the pattern of the structured illumination light is imaged at the imaging position 25 in the flow path. Further, the first objective lens 23 parallelizes the backscattered light from the observation object 5 and irradiates the first spatial filter 22c. The backscattered light irradiated to the first spatial filter 22c passes through the transmission region 221c of the first spatial filter 22b and travels in the ⁇ z direction.
- the detection optical system 3e includes a second objective lens 30, a second spatial filter 31a, an imaging lens 32a, a first photodetector 33a, a second imaging lens 35c, and a second photodetector. It includes 36c.
- the optical path of the forward scattered light is referred to as a second optical path 34e.
- the second optical path 34e is parallel to the z-axis in the section from the observation object 5 to the second spatial filter 31a.
- the second optical path 34e bends at a substantially right angle at the position of the second spatial filter 31a due to the forward scattered light being reflected by the second spatial filter 31a.
- the second optical path 34e is parallel to the x-axis in the section from the second spatial filter 31a to the first photodetector 33a.
- the optical path of the backscattered light is referred to as a third optical path 37e.
- the third optical path 37e is parallel to the z-axis in the section from the observation object 5 through the first spatial filter 22c to the second photodetector 36c.
- the configuration of the second spatial filter 31a, the imaging lens 32a, and the first photodetector 33a is that of the second spatial filter 31a, the imaging lens 32a, and the first photodetector 33a shown in FIG. It is the same as the configuration.
- the configurations of the second imaging lens 35c and the second photodetector 36c are the same as the configurations of the imaging lens 32c and the first photodetector 33c shown in FIG. 9, respectively.
- the configuration for detecting the forward scattered light in the detection optical system 3e may be replaced by the configuration for detecting the forward scattered light in the detection optical system 3d shown in FIG. good. That is, the second spatial filter 31a, the imaging lens 32a, and the first photodetector 33a of the detection optical system 3e are the second spatial filter 31d and the imaging of the detection optical system 3d shown in FIG. It may be replaced by a lens 32 and a first photodetector 33.
- the configuration for detecting the forward scattered light in the detection optical system 3d is for detecting the forward scattered light in the detection optical system 3e shown in FIG. It may be replaced by the configuration. That is, the second spatial filter 31d of the detection optical system 3d, the imaging lens 32, and the first photodetector 33 have the second spatial filter 31a of the detection optical system 3e shown in FIG. 11 for imaging. It may be replaced by a lens 32a and a first photodetector 33a.
- FIG. 11 as a modified example of the third embodiment, an example in which the second spatial filter is also used by the first spatial filter 22d in detecting backscattered light is described, but the present invention is limited to this. No. Similar to the previous example, when the first spatial filter 22c also serves as the second spatial filter when detecting the backward scattered light, the position where the first spatial filter 22c is installed in the third optical path 37e Is a different position, and a space filter different from the first space filter 22c is placed at a position where the position of the first region and the position of the second region are substantially optically coupled. It is installed as a space filter of 2.
- the first objective lens 23 forms an image of the pattern of the structured illumination light at the imaging position 25 in the flow path, and observes the structured illumination 4. Irradiate the object 5.
- the first spatial filter 22c is arranged in the first optical path 24e to prevent a part of the light emitted from the light source 20c from passing through the first spatial filter 22c and traveling toward the observation object 5. It functions as a first region (transmission region 221c in the present embodiment), and transmits backward scattered light from the observation object 5 in all or a part of the transmission region 221c of the first spatial filter 22c to transmit the second light. It is detected by the detector 36c.
- the transmission region 221c arranged on the side of the first spatial filter 22c facing the imaging position 25 in the flow path constitutes a member that transmits light (the transmission region 221c in the present embodiment). It is formed by a gap) and prevents a part of the illumination light emitted from the light source 20c from passing through and traveling toward the observation object 5.
- the backscattered light from the observation object 5 passes through the transmission region 221c arranged on the side facing the imaging position 25 in the flow path of the first spatial filter 22c again, and then passes through the transmission region 221c. It is detected by the second photodetector 36c.
- the flow cytometer 1e includes a second imaging lens 35c and a second photodetector 36c as a detection optical system 3e related to the detection of backscattered light from the observation object 5.
- the influence of the direct light emitted from the light source 20c when the backscattered light by the observation object 5 is detected by the second photodetector 36c can be reduced. can.
- the backward scattered light by the observation object 5 is parallelized via the first objective lens 23 and transmitted through the transmission region 221c of the first spatial filter 22c. Only is detected by the second photodetector 36c.
- the flow cytometer 1e according to the present embodiment can detect backscattered light in addition to forward scattered light as scattered light that realizes a higher signal noise ratio than the conventional one.
- the illumination light is modulated by a modulation device, and the structured illumination light is irradiated to the measurement object to simultaneously acquire the scattered light in the front and the rear. Therefore, high-resolution morphological information regarding the observation object 5 can be obtained without labeling with a fluorescent substance (label-free), and the observation object 5 can be measured and classified non-invasively.
- transmission or blocking of light is used as a method of preventing the light emitted from the light source in the first region of the first spatial filter from traveling toward the object to be observed.
- An example of the case where the above is performed has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the blocking region blocks the propagation of light that is not used as the light that irradiates the observation object.
- the blocking region may block the propagation of light by utilizing the absorption or polarization of light.
- the region other than the blocking region is composed of a transmission region that allows incident light to pass through as it is.
- the first spatial filter spatially separates the light used as illumination light and the light not used as illumination light by changing the propagation direction between the light used as the light applied to the observation object and the light not used. Only the light to be used may be propagated toward the observation object.
- the first spatial filter includes a single optical element (optical filter) having different optical characteristics in the first region and the other regions. The first spatial filter uses this optical element to propagate incident light incident on the first region and the other regions in different directions.
- the different optical properties here include properties for reflection, properties for diffraction, properties for refraction, and the like.
- the first spatial filter may prevent the illumination light emitted from the light source from traveling toward the observation object by utilizing diffraction.
- the first spatial filter may prevent the illumination light emitted from the light source from traveling toward the observation object by utilizing the reflection.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the first spatial filter 22f according to the modified example of each embodiment.
- the first spatial filter 22f and the spatial light modulation device are integrally provided, and the first spatial filter 22f is included in the spatial light modulation device of each of the above-described embodiments. It has a function to generate the structured illumination light that was used. That is, the first spatial filter 22f is a single optical element having different optical characteristics in the non-modulation region and the other regions, and this configuration also functions as a modulation element similar to the spatial light modulation device at the same time. Be prepared.
- FIG. 12 shows a flat surface 222f when the plate-shaped first spatial filter 22f is viewed from the light source side in the z-axis direction.
- a plane viewed from the light source side is located on the plane 222f in the z-axis direction of the modulation element of the spatial light modulation device.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22f located on the plane 222f is divided into a structured illumination region 220f and a non-modulation region 221f.
- the structured illumination region 220f of the first spatial filter 22f is separated by the non-modulation region 221f, and two regions in which the structured illumination region 220f-1 and the structured illumination region 220f-2 are not connected are connected. Consists of.
- the structured illumination region 220f and the non-modulation region 221f are realized by a modulation element and have different optical characteristics from each other.
- the structured illumination region 220f is realized, for example, by designing a diffraction pattern for generating structured illumination on the surface of the modulation element.
- the first spatial filter 22f changes the light propagation direction by diffracting the modulated light that has passed through the structured illumination region 220f.
- the light whose propagation direction is changed through the structured illumination region 220f is collected by, for example, the first objective lens 23f and used as structured illumination to irradiate the observation object.
- the light that has passed through the unmodulated region 221f of the first spatial filter 22f goes straight from the light source (that is, is transmitted) without being modulated.
- the image of the region where the non-modulation region 221f and the irradiation region R1 overlap creates a shadow in the second spatial filter provided in the subsequent stage.
- the light used for irradiating the observation object and the light not used can be spatially separated.
- the first spatial filter 22f has a function for generating the structured illumination possessed by the spatial light modulation device of each of the above-described embodiments.
- the optical path 24f-1 is an optical path of the irradiation light to the observation object.
- the first optical path 24f-2 is an optical path of light that is not used for irradiating the observation object.
- the first spatial filter and the spatial light modulation device are provided as separate bodies. May be done. Even in that case, by using the diffraction element as the first spatial filter, it is possible to spatially separate the light used for irradiating the observation object and the light not used.
- the diffractometer is used as the first spatial filter and the first spatial filter is provided separately from the spatial light modulation device, the first spatial filter is provided between the light source and the spatial light modulator. Is preferable. That is, in each embodiment when the first spatial filter uses light transmission, blocking, or reflection as a method of preventing the light emitted from the light source from traveling toward the object to be observed, the first.
- a spatial filter is provided between the spatial light modulation device in the first optical path and the imaging position in the flow path irradiated with the structured illumination light, and these cases have been described as an example.
- a first spatial filter is provided between the light source and the spatial light modulation device. In that case, it is desirable that the distance from the spatial light modulation device is short.
- the diffraction element as the first spatial filter as another method in which the first spatial filter prevents the illumination light of the light source from traveling toward the object to be observed.
- the first spatial filter is provided between the light source and the spatial light modulation device in the first optical path.
- the configuration is preferable, and it is more desirable that the distance from the spatial light modulation device is short.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a first spatial filter 22g according to a modified example of each embodiment.
- FIG. 14 shows a flat surface 222 g of the plate-shaped first spatial filter 22 g when viewed from the light source in the z-axis direction.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22g on the light source side is located on a flat surface 222g.
- the surface of the first spatial filter 22g on the flat surface 222g is divided into a transmission region 220g and a reflection region 221g.
- the transmission region 220g of the first spatial filter 22g is separated by the reflection region 221g and consists of two regions in which the transmission region 220g-1 and the transmission region 220g-2 are not connected.
- the reflection region 221g includes a protrusion 223g.
- the protrusion 223g has a mirror on a surface inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the plane 222g, and reflects the incident light to propagate the incident light in a direction that does not enter the subsequent optical system.
- the 15 is an optical path of light that is not used for irradiating the observation object.
- 23 g of the first objective lens in the subsequent optical system is shown.
- the transmission region 220g transmits a part of the illumination light from the light source 20a.
- the optical path 24g-1 is an optical path of the irradiation light to the observation object.
- a mirror that reflects the incident light is installed so that the incident light does not enter the subsequent optical system. Propagate in the direction.
- the illumination optical system 2 may further include one or more second optical elements in addition to the first optical element.
- the second optical element forms an image of the light modulated by the spatial light modulation device in the first optical path.
- the first spatial filter has a plurality of imaging positions of the structured illumination pattern by the first optical element and one or more imaging positions by one or more second optical elements in the first optical path. It is provided at a position other than the imaging position of.
- the intensity and / or phase of the light transmitted through the observation object is modulated and passed through all or a part of the irradiation region R2 of the second spatial filter except the second region.
- An example of acquiring phase difference information by interfering both of these lights on an optical detector will be described.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the flow cytometer 1h according to the present embodiment.
- the flow cytometer 1h includes a flow path (not shown), an illumination optical system 2h, and a detection optical system 3h.
- the same configurations and operations as those of the above-described embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the optical path of the illumination light of the illumination optical system 2h is called the first optical path 24h.
- the first optical path 24h is parallel to the z-axis. In FIG. 16, as an example of the first optical path 24h, the first optical path 24h-1 and the first optical path 24h-2 are shown.
- the illumination optical system 2h includes a light source 20, a spatial light modulation device 21, a first spatial filter 22, and a first objective lens 23.
- the light source 20, the spatial light modulation device 21, the first spatial filter 22, and the first objective lens 23 are in this order the first optical path 24h in the direction in which the illumination light is directed toward the observation object 5 flowing through the flow path. Be prepared on top.
- the first optical path 24h is an optical path of light that has passed through the transmission region of the first spatial filter 22 in the section between the first spatial filter 22 and the observation object 5.
- the detection optical system 3h includes a second objective lens 30, a second spatial filter 31h, an imaging lens 32, and a first photodetector 33h.
- the optical path of the forward scattered light or the diffracted light is referred to as a second optical path 34h.
- the second optical path 34h is parallel to the z-axis.
- the second spatial filter 31h has a transmission region for transmitting light modulated by the observation object 5 and a modulation region for modulating the intensity and / or phase of the light transmitted through the observation object 5.
- the light transmitted through the observation object 5 is direct light.
- the light modulated by the observation object 5 transmitted by the transmission region is, for example, the forward scattered light scattered by the observation object 5, but may be diffracted light generated by a structure that gives a phase change.
- the forward scattered light or diffracted light transmitted by the second spatial filter 31h through the transmission region is referred to as the first light
- the light transmitted by the second spatial filter 31h modulated by the modulation region is referred to as the first light.
- the transmission region of the second spatial filter 31h is an example of the second region. The first light and the second light described above are detected by the first photodetector 33h.
- the imaging lens 32 forms an image of the first light and the second light on the detection surface of the first photodetector 33h.
- the imaging lens 32 may focus the first light and the second light on the detection surface of the first photodetector 33h, and may not be strictly imaged.
- the first photodetector 33h the first light and the second light formed on the detection surface by the imaging lens 32 interfere with each other to obtain the first light and the second light. Detects the phase difference information of.
- the light emitted to the observation object 5 is the light structured by the spatial light modulation device 21. Therefore, the first photodetector 33h detects the information on the phase difference between the direct light and the forward scattered light (or diffracted light) for the structured light.
- the detection optical system 3h detects the phase difference of the structured light.
- the first photodetector 33h is a region (the present embodiment) other than the second region (transmission region in the present embodiment) of the second spatial filter 31h among the light transmitted through the observation object 5.
- the second region (in the present embodiment) of the light whose phase is modulated by modulating the intensity or phase of the light passing through all or a part of the modulation region) and the light modulated by the observation object 5.
- the phase difference with the light that has passed through the transmission region) is detected. According to the flow cytometer 1h, the phase difference of light can be detected for structured light.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a flow cytometer 1i according to a modified example of the present embodiment.
- the flow cytometer 1i includes a flow path (not shown), an illumination optical system 2i, and a detection optical system 3i.
- the same configurations and operations as those of the above-described embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the optical path of the illumination light of the illumination optical system 2i is called the first optical path 24i.
- the first optical path 24i is parallel to the z-axis. In FIG. 16, as an example of the first optical path 24i, the first optical path 24i-1 and the first optical path 24i-2 are shown.
- the illumination optical system 2i includes a light source 20, a spatial light modulation device 21, a first spatial filter 22, and a first objective lens 23.
- the light source 20, the spatial light modulation device 21, the first spatial filter 22, and the first objective lens 23 are in this order the first optical path 24i in the direction in which the illumination light is directed toward the observation object 5 flowing through the flow path. Be prepared on top.
- the first optical path 24i is an optical path of light that has passed through the transmission region of the first spatial filter 22 in the section between the first spatial filter 22 and the observation object 5.
- the detection optical system 3i includes a second objective lens 30, a half mirror 38i, a second spatial filter 31h, an imaging lens 32, a first photodetector 33h, a third spatial filter 39i, and a third. It includes a two imaging lens 35d and a second photodetector 36i.
- the optical path toward the first photodetector in order for the forward scattered light or the diffracted light to detect the phase difference information is referred to as a second optical path 34i.
- the second optical path 34i is parallel to the z-axis.
- a second optical path 34i-1, a second optical path 34i-2, and a second optical path 34i-3 are shown.
- the second optical path 34i-1 and the second optical path 34i-3 are optical paths of light transmitted through the observation object 5 and transmitted through the half mirror 38i.
- the second optical path 34i-2 is an optical path of light in which the forward scattered light or diffracted light scattered by the observation object 5 has passed through the half mirror 38i.
- the half mirror 38i extracts a part of the light modulated by the observation object 5.
- the half mirror 38i transmits a part of the light incident on the half mirror 38i and reflects a part of the light to either the transmitted light or the reflected light. Is to propagate in a predetermined direction.
- the half mirror 38i is arranged in the second optical path 34i.
- the half mirror 38i is an example of a beam splitter which is an optical device arranged in a second optical path and extracting a part of light modulated by an observation object.
- the configuration of the second spatial filter 31h, the imaging lens 32, and the first photodetector 33h is the configuration of the second spatial filter 31h, the imaging lens 32, and the first photodetector 33h shown in FIG. Is the same as each.
- the optical path in which the forward scattered light or the diffracted light is detected by the second photodetector is referred to as a third optical path 37i.
- the third optical path 37i is an optical path of light in which the forward scattered light or diffracted light scattered by the observation object 5 is reflected by the half mirror 38i.
- the third optical path 37i is parallel to the x-axis.
- the third spatial filter 39i, the second imaging lens 35d, and the second photodetector 36i have a third optical path in the direction in which the forward scattered light or diffracted light scattered by the observation object 5 travels in this order. It is provided on the 37i.
- the third spatial filter 39i has a transmission region that transmits forward scattered light or diffracted light scattered by the observation object 5 and a blocking region that blocks the light transmitted through the observation object 5 (that is, direct light). Be prepared.
- the direct light blocked by the blocking region of the third spatial filter 39i is the light reflected in the x-axis direction by the half mirror 38i among the direct light transmitted through the observation object 5.
- the transmission region of the third spatial filter 39i is an example of the third region.
- the second imaging lens 35d forms an image of the forward scattered light or diffracted light transmitted through the third spatial filter 39i on the imaging surface of the second imaging lens 35d.
- the second imaging lens 35d may collect the forward scattered light or the diffracted light on the detection surface of the second imaging lens 35d, and may not form an image.
- the second photodetector 36i detects forward scattered light or diffracted light imaged on the detection surface by the second imaging lens 35d.
- the forward scattered light or diffracted light imaged on the detection surface by the second imaging lens 35d is a transmission region of the third spatial filter 39i in which the modulated light extracted by the half mirror 38i as described above has. It is the transmitted light. Therefore, the second photodetector 36i detects the light modulated by the observation object 5 that has passed through the third region.
- forward scattered light or diffracted light scattered by the observation object 5 can be detected at the same time.
- information including morphological information can be acquired at a higher resolution than the flow cytometer using conventional line-shaped illumination light for scattered light from cells, and thus an observation target. It is possible to separate an object (for example, a target cell) non-invasively (that is, label-free) at high speed based on morphological information without labeling with a fluorescent label or the like.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2020年4月1日に、日本に出願された特願2020-065940号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
このような一細胞(シングルセル)による解析を行う場合における細胞計測技術として、フローサイトメトリー法が提案されている。このフローサイトメトリー法は、個々の細胞を流体中に分散させ、その流体を微細に流下させて光学的に分析する技術であり、この技術を用いた装置をフローサイトメーターと呼ぶ(特許文献1)。このフローサイトメトリー法では、流路中に観察対象となる細胞等の微粒子を高速に流下しながら励起光を照射し、個々の細胞から発せられる蛍光輝度や散乱光の総量を取得することよって、観察対象物を評価することができる。
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施形態について詳しく説明する。
図1は、本実施形態に係るフローサイトメーター1の構成の一例を示す図である。フローサイトメーター1は、流路(不図示)と、照明光学系2と、検出光学系3とを備える。流路には、観察対象物5が流体と共に流れ得る。観察対象物5とは、形態情報を取得する対象であり、一例として、細胞である。観察対象物5は、細菌等の微粒子であってもよい。
本実施形態では、第1の空間フィルター22は、一例として、第1の光路24のうち空間光変調デバイス21と結像位置25との間に備えられる。第1の空間フィルター22は、一例として、第1の光路24(つまりz軸方向)に対して略垂直に設置される。
照射領域R1は、光源20からの光が空間光変調デバイス21によって変調された光である構造化照明光が平面222において照射される領域を示す。
透過領域220は、一例として、第1の空間フィルター22に間隙が設けられて構成される。透過領域220は光源20から発せられた光を透過する領域である。
遮断領域221は、光源20から発せられた光が観察対象物5の方へ進行することを妨げる第1の領域の一例である。したがって、第1の空間フィルター22は、光源20から発せられた光が観察対象物5の方へ進行することを妨げる第1の領域を有する。
第1対物レンズ23は、空間光変調デバイス21によって変調された光を結像する。第1対物レンズ23は、空間光変調デバイス21によって変調された光を流路の結像位置25に結像する。第1対物レンズ23によって結像された光は、構造化照明4として流路を流れる観察対象物5に照射される。第1対物レンズ23は、空間光変調デバイス21によって変調された光を流路内に結像する第1の光学素子の一例である。
第2の空間フィルター31は、第2の光路34に設置される。
なお、照射領域R2と透過領域311とが重なる領域の形状及び配置は、照射領域R1と遮断領域221とが重なる領域が平面312において結像された像に包含される形状及び配置であってもよい。
第2対物レンズ30は、観察対象物5によって変調された光を平行光にする。ここで第2の光路34は、散乱光の光路であって、第1の光検出器33と結像位置25との間の光路である。なお、上述したように第2の空間フィルター31が設置される位置と、第1の空間フィルター22が設置される位置とは、略光学的に共役な関係にあり、第2対物レンズ30が設置される位置は、それら第1の空間フィルター22と第2の空間フィルター31との略光学的に共役な関係を妨げさえしなければ、第2の光路34において構造化照明4が流路内に結像される結像位置25と第2の空間フィルター31との間のいずれの位置に配置されてもよい。
照明光学系2は、光源20と、空間光変調デバイス21と、第1の光学素子(本実施形態において第1対物レンズ23)とを備える。空間光変調デバイス21は、光源20から発せられた光を変調する。第1の光学素子(本実施形態において第1対物レンズ23)は、空間光変調デバイス21によって変調された光を流路内に結像する。
検出光学系3は、第1の光学素子(本実施形態において第1対物レンズ23)によって結像された光が流路内を流れる観察対象物5によって変調された光を検出する第1の光検出器33を備える。
照明光学系2は、第1の空間フィルター22をさらに備える。第1の空間フィルター22は、光源20と第1の光学素子(本実施形態において第1対物レンズ23)によって結像される流路内の結像位置25との間の第1の光路24に設置されて、光源20から発せられた光が観察対象物5の方へ進行することを妨げる第1の領域(本実施形態において遮断領域221)を有する。
検出光学系3は、第2の空間フィルター31をさらに備える。第2の空間フィルター31は、第1の光検出器33と流路内の結像位置25との間の第2の光路34に設置されて、観察対象物5によって変調された光(本実施例において前方散乱光)を透過する第2の領域(本実施形態において透過領域311)を有する。
第1の領域(本実施形態において遮断領域221)の位置と第2の領域(本実施形態において透過領域311)の位置とは略光学的に共役な関係にある。
ここで本実施形態の変形例について説明する。図4は、本実施形態の変形例に係るフローサイトメーター1aの一例を示す図である。フローサイトメーター1aは、流路(不図示)と、照明光学系2aと、検出光学系3aとを備える。
なお、上述した第1の実施形態と同一の構成及び動作については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
検出光学系3aは、第2対物レンズ30と、第2の空間フィルター31aと、結像レンズ32aと、第1の光検出器33aとを備える。検出光学系3aにおいて、前方散乱光の光路を第2の光路34aという。第2の光路34aは、観察対象物5から第2の空間フィルター31aまでの区間においてz軸に平行である。第2の光路34aは、前方散乱光が第2の空間フィルター31aによって反射されることによって第2の空間フィルター31aの位置において略直角に曲がる。その結果、第2の光路34aは、第2の空間フィルター31aから第1の光検出器33aまでの区間においてx軸に平行となる。第2対物レンズ30と、第2の空間フィルター31aと、結像レンズ32aと、第1の光検出器33aとは、この順に流路を流れる観察対象物5から第1の光検出器33aへ前方散乱光が向かう向きに第2の光路34a上に備えられる。
結像レンズ32a及び第1の光検出器33aの構成は、これらが備えられる第2の光路34aの向きがx軸に平行である点以外は、図1に示した結像レンズ32及び第1の光検出器33の構成とそれぞれ同様である。
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の第2の実施形態について詳しく説明する。
上記第1の実施形態では、フローサイトメーターは、観察対象物による前方散乱光を検出する場合について説明をした。本実施形態では、フローサイトメーターが、観察対象物による後方散乱光を検出する場合について説明をする。
なお、上述した第1の実施形態と同一の構成及び動作については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
本実施形態に係るフローサイトメーターをフローサイトメーター1bという。
第1の空間フィルター22bは、光源20から発せられた光を遮断する遮断領域と、光源20から発せられた光を透過させる透過領域とを有する。また、第1の空間フィルター22bは、遮断領域の裏側に、観察対象物5による後方散乱光を反射する反射領域を有する。第1の光路24b-1及び第1の光路24b-3は、照明光のうち第1の空間フィルター22bの透過領域を透過する光の光路である。第1の光路24b-2は、照明光のうち第1の空間フィルター22bの遮断領域によって遮断される光の光路である。
第1の空間フィルター22bは、第1の空間フィルター22bの裏側の面(第1の空間フィルター22bの結像位置25側の面)において遮断領域221bと対向する領域に反射領域223bを有する。反射領域223bは、観察対象物5からの後方散乱光を反射するミラーである。このミラーは、観察対象物5から発せられた散乱光を反射する部材の一例である。つまり、光源20から発せられた光が前記観察対象物5へ進行することを妨げる第1の領域のすべてまたは一部は、第1の空間フィルター22bを構成する面のうち結像位置25に面する側(光源20とは逆に面する側)において、光源20から発せられた光が観察対象物5によって後方に散乱された散乱光を反射する部材によって構成される。
検出光学系3bは、結像レンズ32aと、第1の光検出器33aとを備える。結像レンズ32a及び第1の光検出器33aの構成は、図4に示した結像レンズ32a及び第1の光検出器33aの構成とそれぞれ同様である。なお、図7では一例として、第2の空間フィルターは、第1の空間フィルター22bによって兼ねられている。第1の空間フィルター22bは、光源20側の面に光源光が観察対象物5に照射されるのを妨げる第1の領域(本実施形態において遮断領域221b)を有し、光源20とは反対の面に観察対象物5による後方散乱光を反射する部材(本実施形態において反射領域223b)を有する構造となっており、第1の領域(本実施形態において遮断領域221b)と、第2の領域(本実施形態において反射領域223b)とは、略光学的に共役な位置に配置される。
ここで本実施形態の変形例について説明する。図9は、本実施形態の変形例に係るフローサイトメーター1cの一例を示す図である。フローサイトメーター1cは、流路(不図示)と、照明光学系2cと、検出光学系3cとを備える。
なお、上述した第2の実施形態と同一の構成及び動作については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
結像レンズ32c及び第1の光検出器33cの構成は、これらが図中に記載されている第2の光路34cの向きとz軸の向きとが反対である点以外は、図1に示した結像レンズ32及び第1の光検出器33の構成とそれぞれ同様である。
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の第3の実施形態について詳しく説明する。
上記第1の実施形態及び第2の実施形態では、フローサイトメーターは、観察対象物による前方散乱光または後方散乱光をそれぞれ検出する場合について説明をした。本実施形態では、フローサイトメーターが、観察対象物による前方散乱光及び後方散乱光を同時に検出する場合について説明をする。
本実施形態に係るフローサイトメーターをフローサイトメーター1dという。
フローサイトメーター1dは、流路(不図示)と、照明光学系2dと、検出光学系3dとを備える。
なお、上述した第1の実施形態と同一の構成及び動作については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
また、検出光学系3dにおいて、後方散乱光の光路を第3の光路37dという。第3の光路37dは、観察対象物5から第1の空間フィルター22dまでの区間においてz軸に平行である。第3の光路37dは、後方散乱光が第1の空間フィルター22dによって反射されることによって第1の空間フィルター22dの位置において略直角に曲がる。その結果、第3の光路37dは、第1の空間フィルター22dから第2の光検出器36dまでの区間においてx軸に平行となる。
第2の光検出器36dは、第2結像レンズ35dが結像した後方散乱光を検出する。ここで第2結像レンズ35dが結像した後方散乱光は、観察対象物5から発せられた散乱光を第1の空間フィルター22dの反射する部材によって構成される反射領域223dによって反射された光である。したがって、第2の光検出器36dは、観察対象物5から発せられた散乱光を、反射する部材によって反射して検出する。
ここで本実施形態の変形例について説明する。図11は、本実施形態に係るフローサイトメーター1eの構成の一例を示す図である。フローサイトメーター1eは、流路(不図示)と、照明光学系2eと、検出光学系3eとを備える。
なお、上述した各実施形態及びそれらの変形例と同一の構成及び動作については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
また、検出光学系3eにおいて、後方散乱光の光路を第3の光路37eという。第3の光路37eは、観察対象物5から第1の空間フィルター22cを経て第2の光検出器36cまでの区間においてz軸に平行となる。
第2結像レンズ35c、及び第2の光検出器36cの構成は、図9に示した結像レンズ32c、及び第1の光検出器33cの構成とそれぞれ同様である。
第1の空間フィルターは、回折を利用して光源から発せられた照明光が観察対象物の方へ進行することを妨げてもよい。また、第1の空間フィルターは、反射を利用して光源から発せられた照明光が観察対象物の方へ進行することを妨げてもよい。以下に、上記の各実施形態とは異なる形態であるこれら第1の空間フィルターを使用する例について説明する。
平面222f上に位置する第1の空間フィルター22fの面は、構造化照明領域220fと非変調領域221fとに分けられる。図12では、第1の空間フィルター22fの構造化照明領域220fは非変調領域221fに隔てられて、構造化照明領域220f-1と構造化照明領域220f-2との連結していない2つの領域からなる。
一方、第1の空間フィルター22fの非変調領域221fを経た光は、変調されずに光源から直進(つまり、透過)する。非変調領域221fと照射領域R1とが重なる領域の像は、後段に備えられる第2の空間フィルターにおいて影を作る。
回折素子を第1の空間フィルターとして使用し、且つ第1の空間フィルターが空間光変調デバイスとは別体として備えられる場合、第1の空間フィルターは、光源と空間光変調器との間に備えられることが好ましい。つまり、第1の空間フィルターが光源から発せられた光が観察対象物の方へ進行することを妨げる方法として光の透過、遮断、または反射を利用する場合の各実施形態においては、第1の空間フィルターが、第1の光路のうち空間光変調デバイスと構造化照明光が照射される流路内の結像位置との間に備えられることが望ましく、それらの場合を例に説明した。但しそのような光の進行を妨げる方法として光の透過、遮断、または反射を利用する実施形態であっても、第1の空間フィルターを光源と空間光変調デバイスとの間に備える構成であってもよく、その場合は空間光変調デバイスからの距離が近い方が望ましい。一方、第1の空間フィルターが光源の照明光が観察対象物の方へ進行することを妨げる別の方法として、回折素子を第1の空間フィルターとして使用することも可能である。その場合で、かつ第1の空間フィルターと空間光変調デバイスとが別体として備えられる場合には、第1の空間フィルターが第1の光路のうち光源と空間光変調デバイスとの間に備えられる構成が好ましく、さらに空間光変調デバイスからの距離が近い方がより望ましい。
図15の例では、後段の光学系のうち第1対物レンズ23gが示されている。透過領域220gは、光源20aからの照明光の一部を透過させる。(光路24g-1は、観察対象物への照射光の光路である。)
このように、第1の空間フィルター22gでは、第1の領域に入射した光の伝搬を遮断する代わりに、入射した光を反射するミラーを設置し、入射した光を後段の光学系に入らない方向に伝搬させる。
上記の各実施形態においては、光源から発せられた照明光が観察対象物により変調される光の一例として、観察対象物による前方あるいは後方への散乱光を光検出器により検出する場合について説明したが、これに限らない。照明光が観察対象物により変調される光を光検出器で検出する別の例としては、位相変化を与える構造によって生じる回折光を光検出器により検出する場合もある。以下の例ではさらに、流路内の結像位置と光検出器との間に設置された第2の空間フィルターにおける第2の領域において観察対象物により回折あるいは散乱された光を光検出器の方へ進行させると共に、第2の空間フィルターの照射領域R2のうち第2の領域を除いた領域の全てあるいはその一部において観察対象物を透過した光の強度及びまたは位相を変調して通過させ、それら両方の光を光検出器上において干渉させて位相差情報を取得する例について説明する。
なお、上述した各実施形態と同一の構成及び動作については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
第1の光検出器33hは、結像レンズ32によって検出面において結像された第1の光と第2の光とが、相互に干渉して得られる第1の光と第2の光との位相差の情報を検出する。ここで観察対象物5に照射される光は、空間光変調デバイス21によって構造化された光である。そのため、第1の光検出器33hは、構造化された光について、直接光と前方散乱光(あるいは回折光)との位相差の情報を検出することになる。つまり、検出光学系3hでは、構造化された光について光の位相差を検出する。上述したように、第1の光検出器33hは、観察対象物5を透過した光のうち第2の空間フィルター31hにおける第2の領域(本実施形態において透過領域)以外の領域(本実施形態において変調領域)の全てあるいはその一部を通過する光の強度あるいは位相を変調しその位相を変調された光と、観察対象物5によって変調された光のうち第2の領域(本実施形態において透過領域)を通過した光との位相差を検出する。
フローサイトメーター1hによれば、構造化された光について光の位相差を検出できる。
次に図17を参照し、第4の実施形態の変形例の1例として、観察対象物により変調された光を位相差の情報としてだけではなく、変調光自体として同時に検出する場合について説明する。図17では、観察対象物により変調された光として前方散乱光あるいは回折光が検出される場合について説明している。
図17は、本実施形態の変形例に係るフローサイトメーター1iの一例を示す図である。フローサイトメーター1iは、流路(不図示)と、照明光学系2iと、検出光学系3iとを備える。
なお、上述した各実施形態と同一の構成及び動作については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
ハーフミラー38iは、観察対象物5によって変調された光の一部を取り出す。ハーフミラー38iが光の一部を取り出すとは、ハーフミラー38iに入射する光の一部を透過させ、当該光の一部を反射させて、透過させた光または反射させた光のいずれか一方を所定の方向に伝搬させることである。ハーフミラー38iは、第2の光路34iに配置される。ハーフミラー38iは、第2の光路に配置されて、観察対象物によって変調された光の一部を取り出す光学装置であるビームスプリッターの一例である。
第3の空間フィルター39iと、第2結像レンズ35dと、第2の光検出器36iとはこの順に観察対象物5によって散乱された前方散乱光あるいは回折光が進行する方向に第3の光路37i上に備えられる。
第2の光検出器36iは、第2結像レンズ35dによって検出面において結像された前方散乱光あるいは回折光を検出する。第2結像レンズ35dによって検出面において結像された前方散乱光あるいは回折光とは、上述したようにハーフミラー38iによって取り出された変調された光が第3の空間フィルター39iが有する透過領域を透過した光である。したがって、第2の光検出器36iは、第3の領域を透過した観察対象物5によって変調された光を検出する。
Claims (10)
- 観察対象物が流体と共に流れ得る流路と、
光源と、
前記光源から発せられた光を変調する空間光変調デバイスと、
前記空間光変調デバイスによって変調された光を前記流路内に結像する第1の光学素子と、
を備える照明光学系と、
前記第1の光学素子によって結像された光が前記流路内を流れる前記観察対象物によって変調された光を検出する第1の光検出器を備える検出光学系と、
を備えるフローサイトメーターであって、
前記照明光学系は、前記光源と前記第1の光学素子によって結像される光の前記流路内の結像位置との間の第1の光路に設置されて、前記光源から発せられた光が前記観察対象物の方へ進行することを妨げる第1の領域を有する第1の空間フィルターをさらに備え、
前記検出光学系は、前記第1の光検出器と前記結像位置との間の第2の光路に設置されて、前記観察対象物によって変調された光を前記第1の光検出器の方へ進行させる第2の領域を有する第2の空間フィルターをさらに備え、
前記第1の領域の位置と前記第2の領域の位置とは略光学的に共役な関係にある
フローサイトメーター。 - 前記第1の空間フィルターが備えられない場合に前記空間光変調デバイスによって変調された光が前記観察対象物を透過して前記第2の空間フィルターを照射する領域と前記第2の領域とが重なる領域は、前記空間光変調デバイスによって変調された光によって前記第1の空間フィルターが照射される領域と前記第1の領域とが重なる領域が前記第2の空間フィルターに結像された像が前記第2の空間フィルターにおいて占める領域と略同一か、または当該領域に包含される
請求項1に記載のフローサイトメーター。 - 前記第1の光検出器によって検出される前記流路内を流れる前記観察対象物によって変調された光が散乱光あるいは回折光である
請求項1または請求項2に記載のフローサイトメーター。 - 前記第1の領域は、前記光源から発せられた光が前記観察対象物の方へ進行することを、当該光の透過、遮断、回折、または反射のいずれかによって妨げる
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のフローサイトメーター。 - 前記第1の空間フィルターの面のうち、前記結像位置に面する側に位置する面において、前記第1の領域と対向する領域のすべてまたは一部の領域が、前記光源から発せられた光が前記観察対象物によって散乱された散乱光を反射する部材によって構成されており、
前記検出光学系は、前記部材によって反射された前記散乱光を検出する第2の光検出器をさらに備える
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のフローサイトメーター。 - 前記第1の空間フィルターの面のうち、前記結像位置に面する側に位置する面において、前記第1の領域と対向する領域のすべてまたは一部の領域が、前記光源から発せられた光が前記観察対象物によって散乱された散乱光を透過させる部材によって構成されており、
前記検出光学系は、前記部材によって透過させられた前記散乱光を検出する第2の光検出器をさらに備える
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のフローサイトメーター。 - 前記第1の空間フィルターと前記空間光変調デバイスとが一体となって備えられる
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のフローサイトメーター。 - 前記第2の空間フィルターは、前記第1の空間フィルターによって兼ねられている
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のフローサイトメーター。 - 前記第1の光検出器は、前記観察対象物を透過した光のうち前記第2の空間フィルターにおける前記第2の領域以外の領域の全てあるいはその一部を通過する光の強度あるいは位相を変調し、前記第2の領域以外の領域を通過して位相を変調された光と、前記観察対象物によって変調された光のうち前記第2の領域を通過した光との位相差を検出する
請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のフローサイトメーター。 - 前記第2の光路に配置されて、前記観察対象物によって変調された光の一部を取り出すビームスプリッターと、
前記ビームスプリッターによって取り出された前記変調された光を透過させる第3の領域を有する第3の空間フィルターと、
前記第3の領域を透過した前記変調された光を検出する第2の光検出器と
をさらに備える請求項9に記載のフローサイトメーター。
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| US12230023B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2025-02-18 | The University Of Tokyo | Analysis device |
| US12235202B2 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2025-02-25 | Thinkcyte K.K. | Flow cytometer performance evaluation method and standard particle suspension |
| US12259311B2 (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2025-03-25 | Thinkcyte K.K. | Methods and systems for cytometry |
| US12298221B2 (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2025-05-13 | Thinkcyte K.K. | Observation device |
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| CN115349083B (zh) | 2025-11-04 |
| EP4130714A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
| JP7656837B2 (ja) | 2025-04-04 |
| US20230090631A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
| EP4130714A4 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
| US12339217B2 (en) | 2025-06-24 |
| CN115349083A (zh) | 2022-11-15 |
| CN121476024A (zh) | 2026-02-06 |
| JPWO2021200911A1 (ja) | 2021-10-07 |
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