WO2021221003A1 - 合金材およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alloy material and a method for producing the same.
- the low expansion alloy is characterized in that its coefficient of thermal expansion is extremely small, 1/10 or less of that of iron or nickel.
- Low-expansion alloys include Invar alloys, Super Invar alloys, Stainless Invar alloys, Fe-Pd alloys, etc. Among them, Fe-Ni based Invar alloys containing about 36% by mass of Ni in Fe are typical. be.
- the Fe—Ni-based Invar alloy is also abbreviated as an Invar alloy.
- the low expansion characteristics of these alloys are due to the cancellation of volume contraction due to temperature drop and volume expansion due to spontaneous volume magnetostriction.
- an Invar alloy exhibits a small expansion characteristic below the Curie point at around 200 to 300 ° C., and the expansion coefficient rapidly increases just above the Curie point.
- low expansion alloys include standard scales, measuring instruments, glass sealing materials, shadow masks, frame alloys for ICs, dies, structures in cryogenic environments, etc.
- Specific applications for ultra-low temperature structures include liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage containers and pipes in the case of Invar alloys.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- Invar alloy When applying Invar alloy to cryogenic structures, it is used by welding. Since the thick-walled Invar alloy material has high welding crack sensitivity, it is necessary to suppress solidification cracking and reheat cracking of the weld metal. For this reason, welding work may be performed using a special welding material containing a high concentration of C and Nb.
- Non-Patent Document 1 when welding an inverse alloy plate having a plate thickness of 9.5 mm for LNG piping, two types of welding materials (wires) having different Nb contents are used to determine the wire feeding speed.
- a technique for obtaining a welded portion without cracks while controlling welding heat input is disclosed.
- the chemical composition of the weld metal can be adjusted to a desired range by controlling the mixing ratio (dilution of the base material) of the base material having a different chemical composition and a plurality of welding materials within a certain range. can.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-102345 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-72037 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-17997 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-60528 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-27188
- Non-Patent Document 1 it is possible to manufacture a welded structure using a thick-walled Invar alloy as a base material (hereinafter, simply referred to as "alloy material"), but the degree of freedom in welding workability is limited. There is a problem that it is low. Further, Patent Documents 1 to 5 do not consider the degree of freedom in weldability when manufacturing a welded structure using a thick alloy material.
- the alloy material is usually produced by hot rolling, and the alloy material after hot rolling may be air-cooled or, for example, water-cooled for the purpose of shortening the production time. That is, in the prior art, it is considered that cooling after hot rolling is performed by water cooling, but in order to improve the degree of freedom of welding workability, it is necessary to cool with a thick alloy material under what conditions. No consideration is given to what should be done.
- the present invention provides an alloy material and a method for producing the same at low cost, which can improve the degree of freedom of weldability when manufacturing a welded structure using an alloy material while maintaining low thermal expansion characteristics.
- the purpose is.
- the present inventors have considered reducing the difference in the chemical composition between the alloy material and the welding material, that is, increasing the C and Nb contents of the base material.
- the alloy material of the present invention is characterized in that it contains both C and Nb. These elements form NbC (Nb carbide) in the alloy material. At this time, since the coefficient of linear expansion increases with the surplus C ( ⁇ C) or the surplus Nb ( ⁇ Nb), the values of ⁇ C and ⁇ Nb are restricted to the upper limit or less.
- Ta is a homologous element of Nb, and Ta may be added so as to replace a part of Nb in this alloy material. For the same reason, it is important to regulate the upper limit of excess Ta ( ⁇ Ta). be.
- ⁇ C C-Nb / 7.7-Ta / 15
- ⁇ Nb Nb-7.7C
- ⁇ Ta Ta-15C
- the present inventors have studied a manufacturing method capable of achieving a low thermal expansion rate of a thick-walled (thickness 3 mm to 80 mm) alloy material without increasing the manufacturing cost as described above. As a result, it is effective to cool the hot rolling cooling step or the cooling step after the heat treatment so that the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. is 2.0 ° C./s or more. Clarified. As a result, it was found that the development of the magnetic phase, which increases the coefficient of linear expansion, is suppressed and low thermal expansion is exhibited.
- the plate temperature usually means the surface temperature. Therefore, normally, the control of the cooling rate also controls the change in the plate temperature of the alloy material. For example, in the case of a thin plate with a plate thickness of less than 3 mm, the difference in temperature history between the central part of the plate thickness and the surface is small, but in the case of an alloy material of a thick plate with a plate thickness of 3 mm or more and further 6 mm or more. It was found that sufficient performance could not be ensured by controlling the temperature change on the surface as usual.
- the present inventors tend to reduce the cooling rate after hot rolling or heat treatment in the manufacturing process of the thick alloy material. It was found that a magnetic phase that increases the linear expansion coefficient was developed in the alloy material during the cooling process.
- This magnetic phase is a general ferromagnetic phase that appears in Fe—Ni alloys, but it is a magnetic phase in which the atomic arrangement of Fe and Ni changes in a slightly regularized direction.
- the present inventors can grasp the degree of development of this magnetic phase due to the difference in the cooling rate at the center of the plate thickness by capturing the Curie temperature: Tc under a specific magnetization force. It was found that the linear expansion coefficient can be kept low by controlling the cooling rate so that it becomes smaller.
- the average cooling rate of the central portion of the thickness of the alloy material in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. is 2.0 ° C./s or more. It was found that it is important to cool the product so that it becomes.
- the present inventors have made the water density (m 3) of the cooling water of 35 ° C. or lower when the plate thickness of the alloy material is t (mm). By injecting the alloy material so that / m 2 ⁇ min) is [0.11 ln (t) + 0.02] or more, the average of the thickness center of the alloy material in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. It was found that the cooling rate can be set to 2.0 ° C./s or higher, and the linear expansion coefficient can be kept low.
- the increase in the expansion coefficient due to the mixing of impurities can be offset, so that the regulation of the concentration of impurity elements in the raw material can be relaxed.
- C, Nb, Si, and Mn added in the alloy material of the present invention all increase the coefficient of linear expansion of the alloy material.
- Cr, Cu, and Mo are elements that may be mixed from the front pan in which stainless steel is melted when the alloy material is melted, and are also elements that increase the linear expansion coefficient of the alloy material. As a measure to suppress the mixing of these elements, melting with a new pot is carried out, but this leads to an increase in restrictions on the chance of melting the alloy material and an increase in cost.
- T 0 is the Curie temperature (° C.) of the alloy material
- T 1 is the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. after soaking the alloy material at 900 ° C. for 1 minute. This is the Curie temperature (° C.) of the alloy material after cooling under the condition of / s.
- the average cooling rate of 0.2 ° C./s corresponds to the cooling rate when an 80 mm thick alloy material is air-cooled.
- the present invention has been made based on such findings, and the following alloy materials are the gist of the present invention.
- the chemical composition is mass%, C: 0.010 to 0.10%, Si: More than 0.10% and 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.05 to 0.50%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.0015% or less, Cr: 0.005 to 0.50%, Ni: 34.5 to 37.0%, Cu: 0.005-1.0%, Co: 0.005 to 0.50%, Mo: 0.001 to 0.50%, Al: 0.0001 to 0.050%, Nb: 0.001 to 1.0%, N: 0.010% or less, O: 0.0060% or less, Ti: 0.0200% or less, Zr: 0.0200% or less, Hf: 0.0200% or less, V: 0.500% or less, W: 1.000% or less, Sn: 0.050% or less, Zn: 0.0020% or less, Pb: 0.0010% or less, Ta: 0-1.0%, B
- Yield stress is 240 MPa or more, An alloy material with a plate thickness of 3.0 mm or more.
- T 0 ⁇ T 1-2 (1) C-Nb / 7.7-Ta / 15 ⁇ 0.045 (2) Nb-7.7C ⁇ 0.30 (3) Ta-15C ⁇ 0.30 (4)
- each element symbol in the above formula is the content (mass%) of each element
- T 0 is the Curie temperature (° C.) of the alloy material
- T 1 is the alloy material at 900 ° C. for 1 minute. This is the Curie temperature (° C.) of the alloy material after soaking and cooling under the condition that the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. is 0.2 ° C./s.
- an alloy material while maintaining a low coefficient of thermal expansion (specifically, an average coefficient of linear expansion from room temperature to ⁇ 170 ° C. is 1.5 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or less). It is possible to provide an alloy material and a method for producing the same at low cost, which can improve the degree of freedom in weldability when manufacturing a structure.
- FIG. 1 shows the plate thickness of the hot-rolled alloy plate and the water density (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ min) for increasing the cooling rate at the center of the plate thickness of the hot-rolled alloy plate to 2.0 ° C./s or more. It is a figure which shows the relationship.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a temperature change of magnetization in the alloy material of alloy No. 1.
- (Chemical composition of alloy material) C 0.010 to 0.10% C is effective for increasing the strength. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.010% or more.
- the C content is preferably 0.015% or more, and more preferably 0.020% or more.
- the excessive content of C deteriorates the hot workability and adversely affects the thermal expansion characteristics. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.10% or less.
- the C content is preferably 0.08% or less, more preferably 0.06% or less.
- Si More than 0.10% and 0.50% or less Si is an element required as a deoxidizer at the time of alloy melting, like Mn described later. Therefore, the Si content is set to more than 0.10%.
- the Si content is preferably 0.15% or more, and more preferably 0.20% or more. However, if Si is contained in an excessive amount, the expansion characteristics are adversely affected. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 0.40% or less, more preferably 0.30% or less.
- Mn 0.05 to 0.50%
- Mn is an element required as a deoxidizer during alloy melting. Mn also has the effect of fixing S, which deteriorates hot workability, as MnS. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.05% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.10% or more, and more preferably 0.15% or more. However, if Mn is contained in an excessive amount, the expansion characteristics are adversely affected. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.40% or less, and more preferably 0.30% or less.
- P 0.015% or less
- P is an impurity element that significantly enhances solidification crack susceptibility and weld crack susceptibility. Therefore, the P content is set to 0.015% or less.
- the P content is preferably reduced as much as possible, but extreme restrictions on P increase manufacturing costs. Therefore, the P content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- S 0.0015% or less
- S is an impurity element that deteriorates hot workability. Therefore, the S content is set to 0.0015% or less.
- the S content is preferably reduced as much as possible, but extreme restrictions on S increase manufacturing costs. Therefore, the S content is preferably 0.0001% or more.
- Cr 0.005 to 0.50% Cr is an element mixed from a stainless steel melting facility or a raw material, and causes an adverse effect on thermal expansion characteristics. Therefore, the Cr content is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.40% or less.
- the Cr content is set to 0.005% or more.
- Ni 34.5 to 37.0%
- Ni is an element effective for increasing the spontaneous volume magnetostriction of the alloy and lowering the coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, the Ni content is set to 34.5% or more.
- the Ni content is preferably 35.0% or more. However, if Ni is contained in excess, the manufacturing cost increases. Therefore, the Ni content is set to 37.0% or less.
- Cu 0.005 to 1.0%
- Cu is an element mixed from a stainless steel melting facility or a raw material, and causes an adverse effect on thermal expansion characteristics. Therefore, the Cu content is set to 1.0% or less.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.7% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less.
- the Cu content is set to 0.005% or more.
- Co 0.005 to 0.50%
- Co is an element mixed from a stainless steel melting facility or a raw material. Moreover, if it is contained in an excessive amount, the alloy cost increases. Therefore, the Co content is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Co content is preferably 0.40% or less, more preferably 0.30% or less.
- the Co content is set to 0.005% or more.
- Mo 0.001 to 0.50%
- Mo is an element mixed from a stainless steel melting facility or a raw material, and causes an adverse effect on thermal expansion characteristics. Therefore, the Mo content is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.40% or less, more preferably 0.30% or less.
- Mo content is set to 0.001% or more.
- Al 0.0001 to 0.050%
- Al is an effective element for deoxidation. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.0001% or more.
- the Al content is preferably 0.0003% or more, and more preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the Al content is preferably 0.050% or less, and preferably 0.040% or less.
- Nb 0.001 to 1.0%
- Nb is an element that improves the strength and prevents cracking of the weld metal during welding to improve the weldability. Therefore, the Nb content is set to 0.001% or more.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.010% or more, and more preferably 0.015% or more. However, if Nb is excessively contained, the hot workability is lowered and the thermal expansion characteristics are adversely affected. Therefore, the Nb content is set to 1.0% or less.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.7% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less.
- N 0.010% or less
- N is an impurity element that deteriorates hot workability. Therefore, the N content is set to 0.010% or less.
- the N content is preferably reduced as much as possible, but extreme restrictions on N increase melting costs. Therefore, the N content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- O 0.0060% or less
- O is an impurity element that adversely affects the thermal expansion characteristics. Therefore, the O content is set to 0.0060% or less.
- the O content is preferably reduced as much as possible, but extreme restrictions on O increase melting costs. Therefore, the O content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- Ti 0.0200% or less Zr: 0.0200% or less Hf: 0.0200% or less V: 0.500% or less W: 1.000% or less Sn: 0.050% or less Zn: 0.0020% or less Pb : 0.0010% or less
- Ti, Zr, Hf, V, W, Sn, Zn, and Pb are impurity elements that adversely affect the thermal expansion characteristics, and therefore their contents are preferably low. Therefore, the Ti content is set to 0.0200% or less.
- the Zr content is 0.0200% or less.
- the Hf content shall be 0.0200% or less.
- the V content is 0.500% or less.
- the W content is 1.000% or less.
- the Sn content is 0.050% or less.
- the Zn content is 0.0020% or less.
- the Pb content is 0.0010% or less. In addition, these elements may not be contained.
- Ta 0-1.0%
- Ta is an element that improves strength and prevents cracking of the weld metal during welding to improve weldability. Therefore, it may be contained as needed. However, if Ta is excessively contained, the hot workability is lowered and the thermal expansion characteristics are adversely affected. Therefore, the Ta content is set to 1.0% or less. On the other hand, in order to obtain the above effect, the Ta content is preferably 0.01% or more.
- B 0 to 0.010% Since B is an element that improves hot workability, it may be contained. However, if B is contained in an excessive amount, the thermal expansion characteristics are adversely affected. Therefore, the B content is set to 0.010% or less. When the C and Nb contents are 0.04% or less and 0.15% or less, respectively, B may not be contained. On the other hand, in order to obtain the above effect, the B content is preferably 0.0001% or more. The B content is preferably in the range of 0.0003 to 0.0030%.
- Mg and REM may be contained because they all improve the hot workability of the alloy material. However, if these elements are excessively contained, the hot workability may be lowered and the cleanliness of the alloy may be lowered. Therefore, the Ca content is set to 0.0050% or less.
- the Mg content is 0.0030% or less.
- the REM content is 0.050% or less.
- the Ca content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the Mg content is preferably 0.0003% or more.
- the REM content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the chemical composition of the alloy material must contain each of the above elements in a specified range and satisfy the following equations (2) and (3). Further, when the chemical composition of the alloy material contains Ta, it is necessary to further satisfy (4).
- each element symbol in the above formula is the content (mass%) of each element.
- the chemical composition of the alloy material contains each of the above elements, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the unavoidable impurities mean components that are mixed due to factors such as raw materials and manufacturing equipment when an alloy is industrially manufactured.
- T 0 is the Curie temperature (° C.) of the alloy material
- T 1 is the average cooling rate in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. after soaking the alloy material at 900 ° C. for 1 minute. This is the Curie temperature (° C.) of the alloy material after cooling under the condition of / s.
- the above equation (1) is an index showing that the alloy material was cooled under the condition that the average cooling rate of the central portion of the plate thickness in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. was 2.0 ° C./s or more. That is, since the alloy material subjected to such heat treatment can offset the increase in the expansion coefficient due to the mixing of impurities, the coefficient of thermal expansion should be kept low while relaxing the regulation of the concentration of impurity elements in the raw material. Can be done.
- T 0 and T 1 may be performed by, for example, the following procedure. Specifically, an alloy piece having dimensions of 3 mm in thickness ⁇ 5 mm in width ⁇ 1 mm in length is cut out from the hot-rolled alloy material by machining, and the surface is removed by emery wet # 600 finishing to remove the surface-processed layer to form the test piece A. do.
- a test piece having dimensions of 3 mm in thickness ⁇ 8 mm in width ⁇ 12 mm in length is cut out from the hot-rolled alloy material by machining, a thermocouple is welded to the surface, and after soaking at 900 ° C. for 1 minute, 600 to 300 A thermal cycle is applied under the condition that the cooling rate in the ° C. section is 0.2 ° C./s.
- a test piece having dimensions of 3 mm in thickness ⁇ 5 mm in width ⁇ 1 mm in length is cut out from the test piece to which a heat cycle has been applied by machining, and the surface is polished with Emery Wet # 600 to remove the surface processed layer, and the test piece is used. Get B.
- the thickness direction of each test piece is set to the magnetic field application direction and the length direction is set to the sample vibration direction by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) capable of raising the sample temperature.
- VSM vibrating sample magnetometer
- the temperature rise rate is 3 ° C./min
- the temperature dependence of the magnetization of the sample is measured while raising the temperature from room temperature to 300 ° C.
- the temperature at which the magnetization disappears is extrapolated from the curve of relative magnetization with respect to room temperature, and T 0 and T.
- This alloy material contains C and Nb, and fine NbC is precipitated in the alloy. Since coarse NbC may promote weld cracking sensitivity due to eutectic melting, the average diameter (diameter equivalent to a circle) of NbC precipitated in the alloy material is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. In this alloy material, fine dispersion of NbC has an effect of increasing the strength of the alloy plate. Therefore, the finer the NbC, the more preferable. However, if the average diameter of NbC is less than 0.002 ⁇ m, the effect of improving the strength of the alloy plate cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the average diameter of NbC is preferably 0.002 ⁇ m or more.
- the average diameter of NbC is the Nb, C content of the alloy, the cooling rate during casting, the heating temperature for hot rolling, the rolling temperature, the plate thickness and the subsequent cooling rate, the heating rate for heat treatment, the soaking temperature, and the soaking rate. It changes depending on the heat time and the like, and generally, the higher the content of C and Nb, the lower the heating temperature of hot rolling, and the longer the soaking time of heat treatment, the larger the average diameter tends to be.
- the average diameter of NbC can be measured by observing the structure with an extraction replica method or a transmission electron microscope using a thin film.
- the yield stress is 240 MPa or more. If the yield strength is less than 240 MPa, sufficient strength cannot be obtained as a welded structure, and it becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient degree of freedom during welding. Therefore, the yield stress of this alloy material is set to 240 MPa or more. The yield stress is more preferably 260 MPa or more. The upper limit of the yield stress is not particularly limited, but in the case of this alloy material, it is usually 450 MPa or less. The yield stress of this alloy material shall be 0.2% proof stress when a tensile test is performed in accordance with JIS Z 2241: 2011.
- the plate thickness is 3.0 mm or more. If the plate thickness is less than 3.0 mm, it becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient degree of freedom during welding. Therefore, the plate thickness is set to 3.0 mm or more.
- the plate thickness is preferably 4.0 mm or more, and more preferably 6.0 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the plate thickness is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 mm or less in consideration of weldability.
- the conditions for rolling between the dead are not particularly limited.
- the ingot obtained under normal melting conditions can be rolled under normal hot rolling conditions to produce the ingot.
- the hot rolling conditions include, for example, a temperature range of 900 to 1100 ° C., which is the recrystallization temperature of the alloy material after heating to 1050 to 1250 ° C. at which Nb and C are solid-solved, or an unrecrystallized temperature range of 900 to 700 ° C. Rolling over.
- the reduction rate may be determined according to the target strength and other conditions.
- the cooling conditions after hot rolling or the cooling conditions after heat treatment are important for developing a low thermal expansion rate. That is, it is necessary to carry out the operation under the condition that the average cooling rate of the central portion of the plate thickness of the alloy material is 2.0 ° C./s or more in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. If the average cooling rate at the center of the thickness of the alloy material in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C is less than 2.0 ° C / s, the coefficient of thermal expansion will be kept low unless the concentration of impurity elements in the raw material is sufficiently regulated. You will not be able to.
- the water content density (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ min) of the cooling water at 35 ° C. or lower is [0.11 ln (t). ) +0.02] or more, it is necessary to inject cooling water onto the alloy material. This is because the thickness of the target alloy material is 3 to 80 mm, and the above cooling rate cannot be achieved unless cooling is performed with a sufficient water density.
- the alloy material when the alloy material is cooled after hot rolling and manufactured without heat treatment, similarly, when the plate thickness of the alloy material is t (mm), the water density (m 3) of the cooling water is 35 ° C. or lower. It is necessary to inject the alloy material so that (/ m 2 ⁇ min) is [0.11 ln (t) + 0.02] or more.
- the alloy material of the present invention is basically manufactured by water cooling immediately after hot rolling, or by performing a heat treatment of reheating and holding after hot rolling. Immediately after cooling with water, it does not prevent the heat treatment of reheating and holding. When water cooling is performed both after hot rolling and after heat treatment, it is sufficient that at least water cooling after heat treatment satisfies the above cooling conditions. Further, since the alloy material of the present invention is used for welded structures and the like, it is necessary to increase the yield stress to 240 MPa or more as described above. From this point of view, when heat treatment is performed after hot rolling, the soaking temperature is preferably 950 ° C. or lower.
- leveler correction may be performed in order to force warpage of the alloy material.
- Leveler correction is preferably performed within a range that does not significantly change the characteristics of the alloy material. For example, under the condition that the increase in yield stress (0.2% proof stress) at room temperature is 3 MPa or more and 50 MPa or less. It is preferable to do so.
- the alloys having the chemical compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 are melted in a vacuum melting furnace, and 17 kg flat steel ingots with a wall thickness of 48 mm or 50 kg square steel ingots with a wall thickness of 110 mm are formed according to the plate thickness of the final product (alloy material). Obtained.
- the surface of a 17 kg flat steel ingot with a wall thickness of 48 mm is cut to obtain a rolled material with a thickness of 44 mm, and this rolled material is hot-rolled to have a plate thickness of 4 mm to 20 mm.
- a hot-rolled alloy plate was prepared.
- a 50 kg square steel ingot having a wall thickness of 110 mm is hot forged to obtain a rolled material having a plate thickness of 100 mm or a plate thickness of 160 mm, and these rolled materials are hot.
- Hot-rolled alloy plates having a plate thickness of 40 mm or a plate thickness of 80 mm, respectively.
- a part of the obtained hot-rolled alloy plate was once allowed to cool to room temperature, then heat-treated to be held at various temperatures, and then water-spray cooled under various conditions. Further, the remaining portion of the obtained hot-rolled alloy plate was cooled as it was by water spray or the like.
- a hole was formed from the side surface of the hot-rolled alloy plate toward the center of the plate thickness, and the heat treatment was performed with the thermocouple inserted in the hole. While measuring the temperature of the above, it was cooled to 300 ° C. or lower. The temperature of the cooling water used for spray cooling was in the range of 20 to 25 ° C. The water density to be injected onto the hot-rolled alloy plate was adjusted by manipulating the pressure of the cooling water supply device to change the cooling water amount in various ways to adjust the water density per unit area for a unit time (minutes).
- FIG. 1 shows the plate thickness of the hot-rolled alloy plate and the water density (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ min) for increasing the cooling rate at the center of the plate thickness of the hot-rolled alloy plate to 2.0 ° C./s or more.
- the relationship is shown.
- the plate thickness of the hot-rolled alloy plate is t (mm)
- 35 It is necessary to inject the alloy material so that the water density (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ min) of the cooling water at ° C. or lower is [0.11 ln (t) + 0.02] or more.
- some hot-rolled alloy materials were straightened.
- Table 3 shows various manufacturing conditions.
- the plate thickness in Table 3 is the plate thickness of the hot-rolled alloy plate. When the water density is 0.00, it indicates that the water has not been cooled.
- Table 4 shows the results of the following various tests on the obtained steel ingot or hot-rolled alloy material.
- the average diameter of NbC of the obtained alloy materials of 3, 10, 13 and 23 of the present invention was measured and found to be 1 ⁇ m or less.
- a smooth high-temperature tensile test piece of 8 mm ⁇ ⁇ 110 mmL was collected from the surface layer of a 17 kg flat steel ingot having a wall thickness of 48 mm or a 50 kg square steel ingot having a wall thickness of 110 mm.
- the 14 mmL portion at the center of the test piece is heated at 1180 ° C. for 30 seconds by high-frequency heating, the temperature is lowered to 900 ° C. and held for 10 seconds, and then tensile fracture is performed at a speed of 20 mm / s to reduce the cross-sectional shrinkage rate: drawing (%). It was measured.
- the results are shown in Table 1. The aperture was evaluated as good when the condition of 60% or more was satisfied.
- test piece having dimensions of 3 mm in thickness ⁇ 8 mm in width ⁇ 12 mm in length was cut out from the obtained hot-rolled alloy material by machining, a thermocouple was welded to the surface, and after soaking at 900 ° C. for 1 minute, 600 A thermal cycle was added under the condition that the cooling rate in the section of about 300 ° C. was 0.2 ° C./s.
- a test piece having dimensions of 3 mm in thickness ⁇ 5 mm in width ⁇ 1 mm in length is cut out from the test piece to which a heat cycle has been applied by machining, and the surface is polished with Emery Wet # 600 to remove the surface processed layer, and the test piece is used. B was obtained.
- the thickness direction of each test piece is set to the magnetic field application direction and the length direction is set to the sample vibration direction by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) capable of raising the sample temperature. It was set and the temperature change of magnetization was measured in a magnetic field of 40,000 A / m (500 Oe). The temperature rise rate was 3 ° C./min, and the temperature dependence of the magnetization of the sample was measured while raising the temperature from room temperature to 300 ° C., and the Curie temperatures T 0 and T 1 were obtained from the temperature at which the magnetization disappeared.
- VSM vibrating sample magnetometer
- T 0 is the Curie temperature (° C.) of the various alloy materials
- T 1 is the central portion of the thickness of the alloy material in the temperature range of 600 to 300 ° C. after soaking the various alloy materials at 900 ° C. for 1 minute. This is the Curie temperature (° C.) of the alloy material after cooling under the condition that the average cooling rate of the alloy material is 0.2 ° C./s.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a temperature change of magnetization (relative magnetization with respect to room temperature and reciprocal of magnetization) in the alloy material of alloy No. 1.
- the Curie temperatures T 0 and T 1 were obtained by extrapolating the temperature at which the magnetization disappears from the curve of the relative magnetization with respect to room temperature. That is, in this example, the Curie temperature (referred to as Tc in FIG. 2) is derived from the intersection of the extension line of the portion that linearly decreases with increasing temperature and the straight line having zero relative magnetization with respect to room temperature. The temperature is 244 ° C. Table 2 shows the Curie temperatures T 0 and T 1 and their differences.
- the alloy material of the present invention can suppress deformation caused by a temperature change from room temperature to a cryogenic temperature in a structure in a cryogenic environment, for example, and is welded when manufactured as a pipe or a structure. Workability can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
ここに、ΔC、ΔNb、ΔTaの式を明示する。なお、Taを含まない場合には、Taの項に0を代入する。
ΔC=C-Nb/7.7-Ta/15
ΔNb=Nb-7.7C
ΔTa=Ta-15C
T0≦T1-2
ただし、T0は前記合金材のキュリー温度(℃)であり、T1は前記合金材を900℃で1分均熱した後、600~300℃の温度域における平均冷却速度が0.2℃/sとなる条件で冷却した後の合金材のキュリー温度(℃)である。
化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.010~0.10%、
Si:0.10%を超え0.50%以下、
Mn:0.05~0.50%、
P:0.015%以下、
S:0.0015%以下、
Cr:0.005~0.50%、
Ni:34.5~37.0%、
Cu:0.005~1.0%、
Co:0.005~0.50%、
Mo:0.001~0.50%、
Al:0.0001~0.050%、
Nb:0.001~1.0%、
N:0.010%以下、
O:0.0060%以下、
Ti:0.0200%以下、
Zr:0.0200%以下、
Hf:0.0200%以下、
V:0.500%以下、
W:1.000%以下、
Sn:0.050%以下、
Zn:0.0020%以下、
Pb:0.0010%以下、
Ta:0~1.0%、
B:0~0.010%、
Ca:0~0.0050%、
Mg:0~0.0030%、
REM:0~0.050%、
残部:Feおよび不可避的不純物であり、
下記の(1)式、(2)式、(3)式および(4)式を満たし、
降伏応力が240MPa以上であり、
板厚が3.0mm以上である、合金材。
T0≦T1-2 (1)
C-Nb/7.7-Ta/15≦0.045 (2)
Nb-7.7C≦0.30 (3)
Ta-15C≦0.30 (4)
ただし、上記式中の各元素記号は、各元素の含有量(質量%)であり、T0は前記合金材のキュリー温度(℃)であり、T1は前記合金材を900℃で1分均熱した後、600~300℃の温度域における平均冷却速度が0.2℃/sとなる条件で冷却した後の合金材のキュリー温度(℃)である。
C:0.010~0.10%
Cは、高強度化に有効である。このため、C含有量は、0.010%以上とする。C含有量は、0.015%以上とするのが好ましく、0.020%以上とするのがより好ましい。しかしながら、Cの過剰な含有は、熱間加工性を劣化させ、また、熱膨張特性に悪影響を及ぼす。このため、C含有量は、0.10%以下とする。C含有量は、0.08%以下とするのが好ましく、0.06%以下とするのがより好ましい。
Siは、後述するMnと同様、合金溶製時の脱酸剤として必要な元素である。このため、Si含有量は、0.10%超とする。Si含有量は、0.15%以上とするのが好ましく、0.20%以上とするのがより好ましい。しかしながら、Siを過剰に含有させると、膨張特性に悪影響が生じる。このため、Si含有量は、0.50%以下とする。Si含有量は、0.40%以下とするのが好ましく、0.30%以下とするのがより好ましい。
Mnは、後述するSiと同様、合金溶製時の脱酸剤として必要な元素である。また、Mnは、熱間加工性を劣化させるSをMnSとして固定する効果も有する。このため、Mn含有量は、0.05%以上とする。Mn含有量は、0.10%以上とするのが好ましく、0.15%以上とするのがより好ましい。しかしながら、Mnを過剰に含有させると、膨張特性に悪影響が生じる。このため、Mn含有量は、0.50%以下とする。Mn含有量は、0.40%以下とするのが好ましく、0.30%以下とするのがより好ましい。
Pは、凝固割れ感受性、溶接割れ感受性を著しく高める不純物元素である。このため、P含有量は、0.015%以下とする。P含有量は、極力低減するのが好ましいが、Pの極端な制限は製造コストを増加させる。このため、P含有量は、0.001%以上とするのが好ましい。
Sは、熱間加工性を劣化させる不純物元素である。このため、S含有量は、0.0015%以下とする。S含有量は、極力低減するのが好ましいが、Sの極端な制限は製造コストを増加させる。このため、S含有量は、0.0001%以上とするのが好ましい。
Crは、ステンレス鋼の溶製設備または原料より混入する元素であり、熱膨張特性に悪影響を生じさせる。このため、Cr含有量は、0.50%以下とする。Cr含有量は、0.40%以下とするのが好ましい。一方、Crを過剰に低減しようとすると、溶製コストが増加する。このため、Cr含有量は、0.005%以上とする。
Niは、合金の自発体積磁歪を高めて、熱膨張係数を低下するのに有効な元素である。このため、Ni含有量は、34.5%以上とする。Ni含有量は、35.0%以上とするのが好ましい。しかしながら、Niを過剰に含有させると、製造コストが増加する。このため、Ni含有量は、37.0%以下とする。
Cuは、ステンレス鋼の溶製設備または原料より混入する元素であり、熱膨張特性に悪影響を生じさせる。このため、Cu含有量は、1.0%以下とする。Cu含有量は、0.7%以下とするのが好ましく、0.5%以下とするのがより好ましい。一方、Cuを過剰に低減しようとすると、溶製コストが増加する。このため、Cu含有量は、0.005%以上とする。
Coは、ステンレス鋼の溶製設備または原料より混入する元素である。また、過剰に含有させると、合金コストが増加する。このため、Co含有量は、0.50%以下とする。Co含有量は、0.40%以下とするのが好ましく、0.30%以下とするのがより好ましい。一方、Coを過剰に低減しようとすると、溶製コストが増加する。このため、Co含有量は、0.005%以上とする。
Moは、ステンレス鋼の溶製設備または原料より混入する元素であり、熱膨張特性に悪影響を生じさせる。このため、Mo含有量は、0.50%以下とする。Mo含有量は、0.40%以下とするのが好ましく、0.30%以下とするのがより好ましい。一方、Moを過剰に低減しようとすると、溶製コストが増加する。このため、Mo含有量は、0.001%以上とする。
Alは、脱酸のために有効な元素である。このため、Al含有量は、0.0001%以上含有とする。Al含有量は、0.0003%以上とするのが好ましく、0.0005%以上とするのがより好ましい。しかしながら、Alを過剰に含有させると、熱膨張特性に悪影響が生じる。このため、Al含有量は、0.050%以下とし、0.040%以下とするのが好ましい。
Nbは、強度を向上させる元素であるとともに、溶接時の溶接金属の割れを防止して、溶接施工性を向上させる元素である。このため、Nb含有量は、0.001%以上とする。Nb含有量は、0.010%以上とするのが好ましく、0.015%以上とするのがより好ましい。しかしながら、Nbを過剰に含有させると、熱間加工性が低下し、熱膨張特性に悪影響が生じる。このため、Nb含有量は、1.0%以下とする。Nb含有量は、0.7%以下とするのが好ましく、0.5%以下とするのがより好ましい。
Nは、熱間加工性を劣化させる不純物元素である。このため、N含有量は、0.010%以下とする。N含有量は、極力低減するのが好ましいが、Nの極端な制限は溶製コストを増加させる。このため、N含有量は、0.001%以上とするのが好ましい。
Oは、熱膨張特性に悪影響を及ぼす不純物元素である。このため、O含有量は、0.0060%以下とする。O含有量は、極力低減するのが好ましいが、Oの極端な制限は溶製コストを増加させる。このため、O含有量は、0.0005%以上とするのが好ましい。
Zr:0.0200%以下
Hf:0.0200%以下
V:0.500%以下
W:1.000%以下
Sn:0.050%以下
Zn:0.0020%以下
Pb:0.0010%以下
Ti、Zr、Hf、V、W、Sn、Zn、およびPbは、熱膨張特性に悪影響を及ぼす不純物元素であるので、その含有量は低いことが好ましい。このため、Ti含有量は、0.0200%以下とする。Zr含有量は、0.0200%以下とする。Hf含有量は、0.0200%以下とする。V含有量は、0.500%以下とする。W含有量は、1.000%以下とする。Sn含有量は、0.050%以下とする。Zn含有量は、0.0020%以下とする。Pb含有量は、0.0010%以下とする。なお、これらの元素は、含有されないこともある。
Taは、Nbと同様に、強度を向上させる元素であるとともに、溶接時の溶接金属の割れを防止して、溶接施工性を向上させる元素である。このため、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。しかしながら、Taを過剰に含有させると、熱間加工性が低下し、熱膨張特性に悪影響が生じる。このため、Ta含有量は、1.0%以下とする。一方、上記効果を得るためには、Ta含有量は、0.01%以上とするのが好ましい。
Bは、熱間加工性を向上させる元素であるので、含有させてもよい。しかしながら、Bを過剰に含有させると、熱膨張特性に悪影響が生じる。このため、B含有量は、0.010%以下とする。C、Nb含有量が、それぞれ0.04%以下、0.15%以下の場合は、Bを含有させなくてもよい。一方、上記効果を得るためには、B含有量は、0.0001%以上とするのが好ましい。B含有量は、0.0003~0.0030%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
Mg:0~0.0030%
REM:0~0.050%
Ca、MgおよびREMは、いずれも合金材の熱間加工性を向上させるので、含有させてもよい。しかしながら、これらの元素を過剰に含有させると、却って熱間加工性を低下させ、合金の清浄性を低下させる場合がある。このため、Ca含有量は、0.0050%以下とする。Mg含有量は、0.0030%以下とする。REM含有量は、0.050%以下とする。一方、上記効果を発現するためには、Ca含有量は、0.0005%以上とするのが好ましい。Mg含有量は、0.0003%以上とするのが好ましい。REM含有量は、0.001%以上とするのが好ましい。
ΔC≦0.045 (2)
ΔNb≦0.30 (3)
ΔTa≦0.30 (4)
ただし、上記式中の各元素記号は、各元素の含有量(質量%)である。
合金材は、下記の(1)式を満たす必要がある。
T0≦T1-2 (1)
ただし、T0は前記合金材のキュリー温度(℃)であり、T1は前記合金材を900℃で1分均熱した後、600~300℃の温度域における平均冷却速度が0.2℃/sとなる条件で冷却した後の合金材のキュリー温度(℃)である。
本合金材では、CおよびNbを含有させており、合金中に微細なNbCが析出する。粗大なNbCは、共晶融解による溶接割れ感受性を助長するおそれがあるので、合金材中に析出するNbCの平均直径(円相当直径)は、1μm以下であることが好ましい。なお、本合金材では、微細なNbCの分散が合金板の強度を上昇させる作用を有する。このため、NbCは微細なほど好ましい。しかしながら、NbCの平均直径が0.002μm未満になると合金板の強度向上効果が十分に得られない。このため、NbCの平均直径は、0.002μm以上とするのが好ましい。NbCの平均直径は、合金のNb、C含有量、鋳造時の冷却速度、熱間圧延の加熱温度、圧延温度、板厚およびその後の冷却速度や、熱処理の昇温速度、均熱温度、均熱時間などにより変化し、一般的にはCとNbの含有量が多いほど、熱間圧延の加熱温度が低いほど、熱処理の均熱時間が長いほど、その平均直径が大きくなる傾向にある。NbCの平均直径は、抽出レプリカ法や薄膜による透過電子顕微鏡による組織観察を行い、測定することができる。
本合金材では、降伏応力は、240MPa以上とする。降伏強度が、240MPa未満であると、溶接構造物として十分な強度が得られず、溶接施工の際に、十分な自由度を得にくくなる。このため、本合金材の降伏応力は、240MPa以上とする。降伏応力は、260MPa以上とするのがより好ましい。なお、降伏応力の上限は、特に限定しないが、本合金材の場合、通常、450MPa以下となることが多い。なお、本合金材において降伏応力は、JIS Z 2241:2011に準拠して、引張試験を行った際の0.2%耐力とする。
本合金材では、板厚は、3.0mm以上とする。板厚が、3.0mm未満であると、溶接施工の際に、十分な自由度を得にくくなる。このため、板厚は、3.0mm以上とする。板厚は、4.0mm以上とするのが好ましく、6.0mm以上とするのがより好ましい。なお、板厚の上限は、特に限定しないが、溶接施工性を考慮し、80mm以下とするのが好ましい。
合金材を得るための製造方法については、以下記載の条件で製造するのが好ましい。滅間圧延の際の条件については、特に、限定しない。通常の溶製条件により得た鋳塊を通常の熱延条件により圧延して製造することができる。熱延条件としては、例えば、Nb、Cが固溶する1050~1250℃に加熱後、合金材の再結晶温度である900~1100℃の温度域、もしくは900~700℃の未再結晶温度域にかけて圧延することが挙げられる。圧下率は、目的とする強度その他の条件に応じて決めればよい。
肉厚48mmの17kg扁平鋼塊または肉厚110mmの50kg角鋼塊の表層部より8mmφ×110mmLの平滑高温引張試験片を採取した。高周波加熱により試験片中央部の14mmL部分を1180℃で30秒加熱し、900℃まで降温して10秒保持した後、20mm/sの速度で引張破断させ、断面収縮率:絞り(%)を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。絞りは、60%以上という条件を満たす場合を良好として評価した 。
得られた熱延合金材から機械加工により板厚3mm×幅5mm×長さ1mmの寸法の合金片を切り出し、表面をエメリー湿式#600仕上げにより表面加工層を除去して試験片Aとした。
JIS Z 2241:2011に準拠して、常温(20℃±15℃)、大気中にて引張試験を実施して、引張強さTS(MPa)および降伏応力YS(MPa)を求めた。YSが240MPa以上である場合を良好として評価した。なお、降伏応力は、0.2%耐力とした。
得られた熱延合金板の板厚中心部から径3mm×長さ15mmの形状の試験片を採取し、押棒式熱膨張計を用いて室温から-170℃までの平均線膨張係数を求めた。平均線膨張係数は、1.5x10-6/K以下である場合を良好として評価した。
Claims (4)
- 化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.010~0.10%、
Si:0.10%を超え0.50%以下、
Mn:0.05~0.50%、
P:0.015%以下、
S:0.0015%以下、
Cr:0.005~0.50%、
Ni:34.5~37.0%、
Cu:0.005~1.0%、
Co:0.005~0.50%、
Mo:0.001~0.50%、
Al:0.0001~0.050%、
Nb:0.001~1.0%、
N:0.010%以下、
O:0.0060%以下、
Ti:0.0200%以下、
Zr:0.0200%以下、
Hf:0.0200%以下、
V:0.500%以下、
W:1.000%以下、
Sn:0.050%以下、
Zn:0.0020%以下、
Pb:0.0010%以下、
Ta:0~1.0%、
B:0~0.010%、
Ca:0~0.0050%、
Mg:0~0.0030%、
REM:0~0.050%、
残部:Feおよび不可避的不純物であり、
下記の(1)式、(2)式、(3)式および(4)式を満たし、
降伏応力が240MPa以上であり、
板厚が3.0mm以上である、合金材。
T0≦T1-2 (1)
C-Nb/7.7-Ta/15≦0.045 (2)
Nb-7.7C≦0.30 (3)
Ta-15C≦0.30 (4)
ただし、上記式中の各元素記号は、各元素の含有量(質量%)であり、T0は前記合金材のキュリー温度(℃)であり、T1は前記合金材を900℃で1分均熱した後、600~300℃の温度域における平均冷却速度が0.2℃/sとなる条件で冷却した後の合金材のキュリー温度(℃)である。 - 請求項1に記載の合金材の製造方法であって、
前記合金材に行う熱処理における冷却工程が、
合金材の板厚をt(mm)とするとき、35℃以下である冷却水の水量密度(m3/m2・分)が[0.11ln(t)+0.02]以上となるように前記合金材に噴射する、
合金材の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の合金材の製造方法であって、
前記合金材を熱間加工した後の冷却工程が、
合金材の板厚をt(mm)とするとき、35℃以下である冷却水の水量密度(m3/m2・分)が[0.11ln(t)+0.02]以上となるように前記合金材に噴射する、
合金材の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の合金材の製造方法であって、
請求項2または3の工程後、常温の降伏応力の上昇が3MPa以上、50MPa以下の値となる条件でレベラー矯正を行う、
合金材の製造方法。
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| JP2022518048A JP7460761B2 (ja) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-04-26 | 合金材およびその製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP7423852B1 (ja) | 2023-11-10 | 2024-01-29 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Fe-Ni合金、合金管、及びその製造方法 |
| EP4606922A4 (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2026-04-22 | Posco Co Ltd | LOW THERMAL EXPANSION STEEL EXHIBITING IMPROVED LOW-TEMPERATURE SHOCK TOUGHNESS, AND A PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4606922A4 (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2026-04-22 | Posco Co Ltd | LOW THERMAL EXPANSION STEEL EXHIBITING IMPROVED LOW-TEMPERATURE SHOCK TOUGHNESS, AND A PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE |
| JP7423852B1 (ja) | 2023-11-10 | 2024-01-29 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Fe-Ni合金、合金管、及びその製造方法 |
| WO2025099961A1 (ja) * | 2023-11-10 | 2025-05-15 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Fe-Ni合金、合金管、及びその製造方法 |
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| US20230143965A1 (en) | 2023-05-11 |
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| US12404574B2 (en) | 2025-09-02 |
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| JPWO2021221003A1 (ja) | 2021-11-04 |
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