WO2021246378A1 - シミュレーション装置、シミュレーション方法、プログラム - Google Patents
シミュレーション装置、シミュレーション方法、プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C60/00—Computational materials science, i.e. ICT specially adapted for investigating the physical or chemical properties of materials or phenomena associated with their design, synthesis, processing, characterisation or utilisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/25—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using particle-based methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/1012—Calibrating particle analysers; References therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1425—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry using an analyser being characterised by its control arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/30—Prediction of properties of chemical compounds, compositions or mixtures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/60—In silico combinatorial chemistry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/90—Programming languages; Computing architectures; Database systems; Data warehousing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0003—Determining electric mobility, velocity profile, average speed or velocity of a plurality of particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/1012—Calibrating particle analysers; References therefor
- G01N2015/1016—Particle flow simulating, e.g. liquid crystal cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a simulation apparatus, a simulation method, and a program.
- Patent Document 1 describes an input device for inputting simulation conditions and an input device.
- An output device that outputs simulation results and It has a processing device for analyzing the behavior of powder or granular material containing a plurality of particles having different sizes based on the simulation conditions input from the input device.
- the processing device is The coarse-grained powder is based on the value of the parameter that defines the particle size distribution of the powder or granular material to be simulated and the value of the coarse-graining coefficient that is the reference for coarse-graining the particles, which is input from the input device.
- a simulation device for powder or granular materials is disclosed as disclosed in a simulation device or the like that associates the behavior of particles obtained by simulation with the input coarse-graining coefficient value and outputs the result to the output device. ing.
- Discrete Element Method is used to analyze the behavior of powders (powder and granular materials) containing multiple particles for the purpose of improving processes in factories and reducing the number of test man-hours when considering manufacturing processes. ) It has been conventionally done by calculation or the like.
- Discrete element method calculation is a simulation technique that describes the motion of the entire powder by solving the equation of motion for each particle.
- a simulation device using a coarse-graining method in which a particle group composed of a plurality of particles is used as one coarse-grained particle has been conventionally studied (see Patent Document 1).
- a simulation device using the coarse-graining method it is required to appropriately select the parameters related to the coarse-grained particles used in the calculation in order to obtain accurate analysis results. Therefore, there has been a demand for a new simulation device capable of selecting and setting parameters related to coarse-grained particles by a new method and analyzing the behavior of powder containing a plurality of particles.
- one aspect of the present invention is to provide a new simulation apparatus capable of analyzing the behavior of a powder containing a plurality of particles.
- a simulation device for analyzing the behavior of powder containing multiple particles A first parameter acquisition unit that acquires a first parameter including parameters related to the powder, and a first parameter acquisition unit.
- a second parameter calculation unit that calculates a second parameter that is a parameter for the coarse-grained particles when a particle group composed of a plurality of the particles is coarse-grained and made into one coarse-grained particle.
- It has a coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit that analyzes the behavior of the coarse-grained particles based on the first parameter and the second parameter.
- the second parameter calculation unit provides a simulation device for calculating the second parameter by using a solution of a characteristic equation using the relationship between the elastic energy of the particle group and the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles. ..
- the present embodiment Specific examples of the simulation apparatus, simulation method, and program according to the embodiment of the present disclosure (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described below with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these examples, and is indicated by the scope of claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims. 1.
- Simulation device (1) Particle coarse-graining and parameters used to calculate the particle behavior of coarse-grained particles (1-1) Particle coarse-graining
- this embodiment A method of coarse-graining a particle group composed of a plurality of particles and a method of calculating parameters related to coarse-grained particles, which are coarse-grained particles, that can be used in the morphological simulation device will be described below.
- the calculation load increases as the number of particles handled increases. For this reason, when analyzing the behavior of powder on a large scale such as a plant used in a factory, the amount of calculation becomes enormous, and it becomes difficult to perform the calculation in reality.
- one particle group 11 composed of a plurality of particles shown in FIG. 1A is as shown in FIG. 2A.
- the particle group 11 composed of a plurality of particles, the cubic, longitudinal, lateral, two by two in the height direction, and are arranged 2 3 in total.
- the number of particles arranged in the direction of one side, that is, 2 is defined as the coarse-grained magnification.
- FIG. 1A is a side view of the state when the particle swarm 11 collides with the wall surface 12.
- the magnitude of the force applied to the particle group 11 can be expressed by the following equation (1).
- ⁇ in the equation (1) is the coarse-grained magnification, and means the number of particles arranged in one side when the particle group 11 is regarded as one coarse-grained particle as described above.
- ⁇ 2.
- m means the mass of each particle 11A and 11B
- a G means the acceleration of the center of gravity of the particle group 11
- ⁇ w means the coefficient of restitution calculated from the restitution coefficient between the wall surface 12 or the external particle and the particle 11A.
- Equation (A) The relationship between the coefficient of restitution e and the coefficient of viscosity ⁇ used when calculating the above-mentioned ⁇ w or the like from the coefficient of restitution can be expressed by the following equation (A).
- m * means reduced mass and K means spring constant.
- the particle group 11 composed of the eight particles shown in FIG. 1A is designated as one coarse-grained particle 21.
- the force received by the coarse-grained particles 21 can be expressed by the following equation (2).
- F cw in the formula (2) is the force that the coarse-grained particles 21 receive from the wall surface 12 or the external particles as shown in FIG. 2B, and ⁇ cw is the overlap with the wall surface 12 or the external particles of the coarse-grained particles 21.
- the amount and ⁇ cw mean the viscosity coefficient calculated from the repulsion coefficient between the coarse-grained particles 21 and the wall surface 12 or the external particles.
- FIG. 2B is a side view of the state of the coarse-grained particles 21 when they collide with the wall surface 12.
- the corresponding parameter is obtained from the above-mentioned equation (1) in which the calculation is performed for the particle group 11 and the above-mentioned equation (2) in which the calculation is performed for the coarse-grained particle 21 in which the particle group is coarse-grained.
- equations (3) and (4) indicating that they match are derived.
- the force applied to each particle can be expressed as the following equations (5) to (7) by using the particle overlap amounts ⁇ w , ⁇ p , and ⁇ cw. can.
- K w is the spring coefficient between the particle 11A and the wall surface 12 or the external particle
- K p is the spring coefficient of the internal particle of the particle group 11
- K cw is the coarse-grained particle 21. It means the spring coefficient with the wall surface 12 or the external particles, respectively.
- the overlap amount [delta] CW of the wall 12 or the external particles of the coarse-grained particles 21 the overlap amount of the particles constituting the coarse-grained front of the particle group 11 calculated I also know that I can do it.
- K r can be calculated by the characteristic equation using the elastic energy of the coarse-grained front of the particle group 11 in a collision, the relationship between the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles 21. Specifically, for example, assuming the total elastic energy coarse-grained front of the particle group 11, the elastic energy of the entire coarse-grained particles are equal, it can be calculated K r to create a characteristic equation.
- the elastic energy of the particle group 11 and the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles during collision with the wall surface 12 exert a force applied to the particles 11A and 11B constituting the above-mentioned particle group 11 and a force applied to the coarse-grained particles. It can be calculated by integrating the expressed equations (5) to (7) with the distance of the overlap amount.
- the following equation (12) can be obtained by using the elastic energy of the entire particle group 11 before coarse graining and the elastic energy of the entire coarse-grained particles.
- the above equation (12) can be transformed into the following equation (13) by using the above-mentioned equations (8) to (11).
- Equation (13) is a characteristic equation of Kr in the vertical direction.
- K r is a parameter related to the overlap amount of the particles constituting the coarse-grained particles, and a storm of previous particle group 11, the coarse-grained particles It is a parameter that governs the behavior. Therefore, by keeping seeking K r in advance by a characteristic equation, such as to calculate the overlap amount of the coarse-grained before particles from the overlap amount of coarse-grained particles after the parameters for coarse-grained particles It is possible to calculate and calculate the behavior of coarse-grained particles.
- equation (15) when Kr is set, ⁇ w and ⁇ p can be expressed as equations (16) and (17), and the particle group before coarse graining.
- equation (18) is obtained.
- equation (19) which is a characteristic equation in the tangential direction, can be obtained.
- a linear spring model was used for the tangential contact model.
- the elastic energy calculation formula differs depending on the contact model, but the elastic energy can be appropriately calculated by changing the characteristic equation as necessary.
- the heat transfer of particles is expressed by the following equations (20) and (21) using thermal conductivity.
- Equation (20) Q is the heat flow
- h is the heat flow coefficient
- [Delta] T is the temperature difference between the wall surface or particle
- k p is the thermal conductivity of the internal particle group 11, a means contact radius of the particle group 11, respectively.
- the contact radius depends on the amount of overlap of each particle. Then, as described above, the amount of overlap before and after coarse graining is related to the solution of the above-mentioned vertical characteristic equation. Therefore, vertical characteristic equation solutions K following equations r with rewriting the heat transfer equation of (22), so that equation (23).
- the heat transfer equation of the coarse-grained particles can be expressed by the following equations (24) and (25).
- Q c is the heat flow rate of the coarse-grained particles
- h c is the heat flow coefficient of the coarse-grained particles
- ⁇ T c is the coarse-grained particles 21 and the wall surface 12 or external particles.
- the temperature difference of k w ′ means the thermal conductivity between the wall surface 12 and the coarse-grained particles 21, and k p ′ means the thermal conductivity between the external particles and the coarse-grained particles.
- the simulation device of the present embodiment is a simulation device for analyzing the behavior of a powder containing a plurality of particles, and can have the following members.
- a first parameter acquisition unit that acquires a first parameter including parameters related to powder.
- a second parameter calculation unit that calculates a second parameter that is a parameter for coarse-grained particles when a particle group composed of a plurality of particles is coarse-grained and made into one coarse-grained particle.
- a coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit that analyzes the behavior of coarse-grained particles based on the first parameter and the second parameter.
- the second parameter calculation unit calculates the second parameter using the solution of the characteristic equation using the relationship between the elastic energy of the particle group and the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles.
- the simulation device 30 of the present embodiment is composed of, for example, an information processing device (computer), and is physically a CPU (Central Processing Unit) which is an arithmetic processing unit. : Processor) 31, including RAM (Random Access Memory) 32 and ROM (Read Only Memory) 33 which are main storage devices, auxiliary storage device 34, input / output interface 35, display device 36 which is an output device, and the like. It can be configured as a computer system. These are interconnected by a bus 37.
- the auxiliary storage device 34 and the display device 36 may be provided externally.
- the CPU 31 controls the overall operation of the simulation device 30 and performs various information processing.
- the CPU 31 executes a simulation method or a program (simulation program) stored in the ROM 33 or the auxiliary storage device 34, which will be described later, to calculate a second parameter which is a parameter for coarse-grained particles, and to perform coarse-graining. It is possible to analyze the behavior of particles.
- the RAM 32 may include a non-volatile RAM that is used as the work area of the CPU 31 and stores major control parameters and information.
- the ROM 33 can store a program (simulation program) or the like.
- the auxiliary storage device 34 is a storage device such as an SSD (Solid State Drive) or an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), and can store various data, files, and the like necessary for the operation of the simulation device.
- SSD Solid State Drive
- HDD Hard Disk Drive
- the input / output interface 35 includes both a user interface such as a touch panel, a keyboard, a display screen, and operation buttons, and a communication interface that takes in information from an external data recording server and outputs analysis information to other electronic devices. ..
- the display device 36 is a monitor display or the like.
- the display device 36 displays an analysis screen, and the screen is updated according to the input / output operation via the input / output interface 35.
- Each function of the simulation device 30 shown in FIG. 3 is performed by reading a program (simulation program) or the like from a main storage device such as a RAM 32 or a ROM 33 or an auxiliary storage device 34 and executing the program by the CPU 31 to obtain data in the RAM 32 or the like. This can be achieved by reading and writing and operating the input / output interface 35 and the display device 36.
- a program simulation program
- main storage device such as a RAM 32 or a ROM 33 or an auxiliary storage device 34
- FIG. 4 shows a functional block diagram of the simulation device 30 of the present embodiment.
- the simulation device 30 can have a reception unit 41, a processing device 42, and an output unit 43.
- Each of these parts is an information processing device such as a personal computer provided with a CPU, a storage device, various interfaces, etc. of the simulation device 30, and the CPU is stored in advance, for example, by executing a simulation method or a program described later.
- Software and hardware work together.
- the configuration of each part will be described below.
- A Reception unit
- the reception unit 41 receives input of commands and data from a user related to processing executed by the processing device 42.
- the reception unit 41 includes a keyboard and mouse for users to operate and input commands, a communication device for input via a network, a reading device for input from various storage media such as a CD-ROM and a DVD-ROM, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- B Processing device
- the processing device 42 can have a first parameter acquisition unit 421, a second parameter calculation unit 422, and a coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit 423.
- the processing device may further have an arbitrary member, if necessary, and may also have, for example, an initial setting unit and the like.
- the first parameter acquisition unit 421 can acquire, for example, a first parameter including a parameter related to the powder to be analyzed.
- the first parameter may include various parameters required for analysis in addition to the parameters related to the powder. Since the first parameter can be selected according to the content of the analysis (simulation), the specific type thereof is not particularly limited.
- the first parameter includes various parameters required for the discrete element method calculation. Specifically, for example, the particle size, the number of particles, the Young's ratio, the calculated Time step, the Poisson ratio, the coefficient of friction with the wall surface, and the distance between particles. One or more types selected from the coefficient of friction, the coefficient of rolling friction, the density, and the like can be mentioned.
- the first parameter may be data recorded in a database or the like, or may be an experimental value obtained by conducting an experiment in advance. Further, the first parameter may be a calculated value calculated by fitting from the experimental result by simulation or the like.
- B-2 Second Parameter Calculation Unit
- Coarse-grained particles can be coarse-grained and the number of particles can be reduced. However, the coarse-grained particles differ from the individual particles constituting the particle group before coarse-graining in various parameters such as mass. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate and set the parameters required for the calculation of the coarse-grained particles.
- the K r is a solution of the derived characteristic equation by using the relationship between the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles, it calculates a second parameter.
- the above-mentioned equation Kr characteristic equation in the vertical direction
- K r is a parameter that governs the behavior of coarse-grained particles
- the use of K r can be calculated various parameters related to the behavior of the coarse-grained particles.
- the type of the second parameter used in the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit described later is not particularly limited because it can be selected according to the content of the analysis.
- the second parameter can also include the thermal conductivity of the coarse-grained particles.
- second parameter calculating unit uses the solution K r of the characteristic equation described above can calculate the thermal conductivity.
- (B-3) Coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit
- the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit 423 uses the first parameter acquired by the first parameter acquisition unit 421 and the second parameter calculated by the second parameter calculation unit 422. Therefore, the behavior of coarse-grained particles can be analyzed. Specifically, it can be calculated using the discrete element method and the behavior of coarse-grained particles can be analyzed. By analyzing the behavior of coarse-grained particles, the behavior of powder can be analyzed.
- the behavior referred to here includes not only a change in position due to the movement of coarse-grained particles but also a change in state such as a temperature change.
- B-4) Initial setting unit The initial setting unit (not shown) initializes the positions of the particles that make up the powder to be analyzed, and also determines the analysis conditions, for example, the temperature of the region where the powder is placed, if necessary. Etc. can be set. For example, when the initial conditions are set in advance in the program or the like used when the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit 423 analyzes the behavior of the coarse-grained particles, or when the first parameter acquisition unit 421 acquires the particles. , The initial setting unit may not be provided.
- (C) Output unit The output unit 43 may have a display or the like.
- the simulation result obtained by the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit 423 can be output to the output unit 43.
- the content of the simulation result to be output is not particularly limited, but for example, the positions of the coarse-grained particles can be output and displayed as an image in time series on the output unit 43. Further, for example, the time-series change of the temperature distribution of the powder can be output and displayed as an image on the output unit 43.
- the behavior of a powder containing a plurality of particles can be simulated, and its use and the like are not particularly limited.
- it can be suitably used for simulating the behavior of powder in a rotating body such as a kiln. That is, according to the simulation apparatus of this embodiment, it is possible to analyze the behavior of the powder in the rotating body.
- the amount of calculation can be suppressed by forming a particle group composed of a plurality of particles into one coarse-grained particle. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the amount of calculation and efficiently perform the calculation even for the behavior of the powder on a large scale such as a plant used in a factory.
- the simulation device of the present embodiment may further include a powder supply device, a reaction furnace, a control device, and the like in order to carry out various manufacturing processes using powder using the simulation results.
- the powder supply device examples include a device that can store and discharge powder such as a hopper. Since the powder supply device controls the amount of powder discharged and supplied from the hopper or the like to the reaction furnace, it may further have a supply amount adjusting device such as a feeder or a valve. Based on the simulation results, it is preferable to have a plurality of powder supply devices each containing powders having different physical properties so that powders having desired physical properties, for example, a desired average particle size can be supplied.
- reaction furnace examples include various reaction furnaces such as a heating furnace, and a rotary furnace, for example, a kiln and the like.
- the powder supply device and the reactor can be connected by piping.
- the control device supplies the powder supply device with the desired physical properties, for example, the powder having the desired average particle size. Can be controlled. Further, the control device can control the heating conditions of the reactor based on the result of the behavior of the powder in the obtained reactor. Examples of the heating conditions include temperature conditions in the reactor, atmospheric conditions, heating time, and the like.
- the powder supply device and the reactor are provided with various sensors to detect the amount of powder supplied, the temperature, etc., so that the measurement results measured at arbitrary timings can be supplied to the control device. You may. In this case, the control device can also control each device based on the obtained measurement data.
- the control device can have a CPU, a main storage device, an auxiliary storage device, an input / output interface, etc. so that data processing such as control conditions can be performed and communication with a powder supply device and a reactor can be performed.
- the main storage device include RAM and ROM
- examples of the auxiliary storage device include SSD and HDD.
- the input / output interface include a powder supply device and a communication interface for exchanging control signals and data with the reactor.
- the type of communication interface is not particularly limited. Both wired and wireless communication methods can be used, and examples thereof include a wired LAN (Local Area Network) and a wireless LAN.
- the powder having the desired physical properties is supplied from the powder supply device, and further, under predetermined heating conditions in the reaction furnace.
- the reaction ratio of the powder can be increased.
- the heating conditions and the like can be optimized, the amount of energy used in the reaction can be optimized and the productivity can be improved.
- the simulation device of the present embodiment has the powder supply device or the like
- the simulation device can also be referred to as a reaction device or the like.
- the powder supply device, reactor, and control device can be configured so that they can be separated from the device for analyzing the behavior of powder containing multiple particles, and after the simulation results are reflected in the control device. , May be used separately.
- Simulation method Next, the simulation method of this embodiment will be described. The simulation method of this embodiment can be carried out using, for example, the simulation device described above. Therefore, some of the matters already described will be omitted.
- the simulation method of this embodiment relates to a simulation method for analyzing the behavior of a powder containing a plurality of particles.
- the simulation method of this embodiment can be carried out according to the flow chart shown in FIG. 5, and can have the following steps.
- the second parameter can be calculated by using the solution of the characteristic equation using the relationship between the elastic energy of the particle group and the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles.
- First parameter acquisition step (S1) In the first parameter acquisition step (S1), the first parameter including the parameter related to the powder to be analyzed can be acquired.
- the first parameter acquisition unit 421 can carry out the first parameter acquisition step.
- the first parameter can be selected according to the content of the analysis, its specific type is not particularly limited.
- the first parameter various parameters required for the discrete element method calculation can be mentioned. Since a specific example of the first parameter has already been described in the simulation apparatus, the description thereof will be omitted here.
- the first parameter may be data recorded in a database or the like, or may be an experimental value obtained by conducting an experiment in advance. Further, the first parameter may be a calculated value calculated by fitting from the experimental result by simulation or the like.
- Second parameter calculation step (S2) In the simulation method of the present embodiment, in order to suppress the calculation amount, the particle group composed of a plurality of particles contained in the powder is coarse-grained into one coarse-grained particle, and the number of particles is reduced. You can make calculations.
- the K r is a solution of the derived characteristic equation by using the relationship between the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles, it calculates a second parameter.
- the above-mentioned equation Kr characteristic equation in the vertical direction
- K r is a parameter that governs the behavior of coarse-grained particles
- the use of K r can be calculated various parameters related to the behavior of the coarse-grained particles.
- the second parameter calculation unit 422 can carry out the second parameter calculation step.
- the type of the second parameter used in the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis step described later is not particularly limited because it can be selected according to the content of the analysis.
- the second parameter can also include the thermal conductivity of the coarse-grained particles.
- second parameter calculating step using a solution K r of the characteristic equation described above can calculate the thermal conductivity.
- (3) Coarse-grained particle behavior analysis step (S3) In the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis step (S3), the coarse-grained particles are used by using the first parameter obtained in the first parameter acquisition step (S1) and the second parameter calculated in the second parameter calculation step (S2). Behavior can be analyzed. Specifically, it can be calculated using the discrete element method and the behavior of coarse-grained particles can be analyzed. By analyzing the behavior of coarse-grained particles, the behavior of powder can be analyzed.
- the behavior referred to here includes not only a change in position due to the movement of coarse-grained particles but also a change in state such as a temperature change.
- the simulation method of the present embodiment may further include, for example, an initial setting step.
- the positions of the particles constituting the powder to be analyzed can be initialized, and the analysis conditions, for example, the temperature of the region where the powder is arranged can be set if necessary.
- the initial conditions are set in advance in the program used when analyzing the behavior of the coarse-grained particles in the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis step, or when the initial conditions are acquired by the first parameter acquisition step, the initial conditions are set.
- the setting process does not have to be carried out.
- the simulation method of the present embodiment may further include, for example, an output process.
- the simulation result obtained in the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis step (S3) can be output to the output unit.
- the content of the simulation result to be output is not particularly limited, but for example, the positions of the coarse-grained particles can be output and displayed as an image in time series in the output unit. Further, for example, the time-series change of the temperature distribution of the powder can be output as an image and displayed on the output unit.
- the amount of calculation can be suppressed by forming a particle group composed of a plurality of particles into one coarse-grained particle. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the amount of calculation and efficiently perform the calculation even for the behavior of the powder on a large scale such as a plant used in a factory.
- the simulation method of the present embodiment may further include a powder supply step, a reaction step, and the like in order to carry out various manufacturing steps using powder using the simulation results.
- powder can be supplied from the powder supply device to the reaction furnace based on the result of the behavior of the powder in the reaction furnace obtained by the simulation. At this time, as the powder, a powder having predetermined physical properties selected based on the simulation result can be supplied.
- the powder supplied to the reaction furnace in the powder supply process can be heated.
- the powder can be heated under predetermined heating conditions based on the simulation result.
- the powder having the desired physical properties is supplied from the powder supply device to the reaction furnace, and further determined in the reaction furnace.
- the reaction ratio of the powder can be increased by heating under the heating conditions of. Further, since the heating conditions and the like can be optimized, the amount of energy used in the reaction can be optimized and the productivity can be improved.
- the simulation method of the present embodiment implements the powder supply step or the like
- the simulation method can also be referred to as a powder processing method or the like.
- the program of this embodiment is related to a program for analyzing the behavior of a powder containing a plurality of particles, and the computer can function as each of the following parts.
- the first parameter acquisition unit that acquires the first parameter including the parameters related to the powder.
- a second parameter calculation unit that calculates the second parameter, which is a parameter for coarse-grained particles, when a particle group composed of a plurality of particles is coarse-grained and made into one coarse-grained particle.
- Coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit that analyzes the behavior of coarse-grained particles based on the first and second parameters.
- the second parameter calculation unit can calculate the second parameter by using the solution of the characteristic equation using the relationship between the elastic energy of the particle group and the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles.
- the second parameter can include the thermal conductivity of the coarse-grained particles, and in this case, the second parameter calculation unit can calculate the thermal conductivity by using the solution of the above-mentioned characteristic equation.
- the program of this embodiment can be stored in various storage media of a main storage device such as RAM or ROM of the simulation device described above or an auxiliary storage device, for example. Then, by reading and executing the program by the CPU, data can be read and written in the RAM or the like, and the input / output interface and the display device can be operated and executed. Therefore, the matters already explained in the simulation apparatus will be omitted.
- the program of the present embodiment described above may be provided by storing it on a computer connected to a network such as the Internet and downloading it via the network. Further, the program of the present embodiment may be configured to be provided and distributed via a network such as the Internet.
- the program of this embodiment may be distributed in a state of being stored in an optical disk such as a CD-ROM or a recording medium such as a semiconductor memory.
- the amount of calculation can be suppressed by forming a particle group composed of a plurality of particles into one coarse-grained particle. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the amount of calculation and efficiently perform the calculation even for the behavior of the powder on a large scale such as a plant used in a factory.
- the hat t in the following formula indicates the unit vector of the tangential overlap.
- each amount of overlap between the particles and the wall surface is expressed by the following equation (29).
- the subscript t in the following formula means a tangential component.
- the amount of overlap between particles is expressed by the following formula (30).
- the amount of overlap of the coarse-grained particles 21 is expressed by the following formula (31).
- the vector ⁇ cw (indicated by an arrow above ⁇ cw in the following equation) is the rotation vector of the coarse-grained particles 21.
- the degree of freedom in the rotation direction remains with respect to the movement of the center of gravity. Even if the positions of the centers of gravity match, the equation (31) and the equation (32) may not match. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the rotational motion of the particle group 11 and the rotational motion of the coarse-grained particles 21. Therefore, regarding rotation, it is assumed that the angular momentum and the rotational energy match before and after coarse graining. In this case, the angular momentum holds the following equation.
- the first term and the second term on the right side mean the spinning motion component (Spin) and the revolution motion component (Orbit) of the particle group before coarse graining, respectively. ..
- the vectors ⁇ cw , vector ⁇ s , and vector ⁇ o are of the coarse-grained particles. It means the angular velocity, the angular velocity of the rotation motion of the particle group before coarse graining, and the angular velocity of the revolving motion of the particle group before coarse graining.
- I cw, I s, I o denotes the moment of inertia of the coarse-grained particles, rotation motion of the inertia moment of the coarse-grained front group of the particles, the coarse-grained inertia moment of the revolution of the front group of the particle.
- the amount of overlap in the tangential direction of the coarse-grained particles can be defined as follows.
- equations (33), (34), and equations (35) are used for simplification of calculation, but several types can be considered depending on the shape of the coarse-grained particles. For example, when trying to calculate the moment of inertia in consideration of the shape factor of the cubic coarse-grained particles, the following equations (38) to (41) are obtained.
- Equation of motion in the rotational direction The torque in the tangential direction can be calculated by calculating the force in the tangential direction from the overlap amount in the tangential direction explained so far. Rolling friction between each particle and between a particle and a wall is said to generate a torque proportional to the product of the normal force applied to the particles and the contact radius. Since each rolling friction is generated in each particle, the rolling friction resistance of the entire coarse-grained particles can be expressed by the following equation (44).
- a rolling frictional resistance of the entire vector T Tot_fric is coarse-grained particles
- the vector T w a rolling frictional resistance between the Fric wall surface 12 or the external particles of the particle group 11
- the vector T p, Fric Represents the rolling friction resistance between the internal particles of the particle group 11.
- Each vector is indicated by an arrow above the character in the following formula.
- the vectors T p and fric are doubled as shown in the equation (44).
- the vectors T w, fric and the vectors T p, fric are represented by the equations (45) and (46).
- the hat ⁇ in the equation means a unit vector in the rotation direction.
- the contact radii r w and r p in the equations (45) and (46) can be geometrically calculated from the overlap amount, and are calculated based on the definition in the case of the above-mentioned tangential equation of motion. The accuracy can be improved by using the overlap amount.
- ⁇ w means the rolling friction coefficient with the wall surface 12 of the particle group 11 or the external particles
- ⁇ p means the rolling friction coefficient of the internal particles of the particle group 11.
- the second parameter calculation unit uses the solution of the characteristic equation using the relationship between the elastic energy of the particle group and the elastic energy of the coarse-grained particles. Two parameters can be calculated. However, when the equation of motion in the tangential direction is used, the overlap amount can be calculated on the assumption that the angular momentum and the rotational energy match before and after coarse graining. Further, when the equation of motion in the rotation direction is used, the overlap amount calculated when the equation of motion in the tangential direction is used can be used when calculating the torque.
- the simulation method of this embodiment the solution of the characteristic equation derived by using the relationship between the elastic energy of the grain group before coarse graining and the elastic energy of the coarse grained particles is used.
- the second parameter can be calculated.
- the overlap amount can be calculated on the assumption that the angular momentum and the rotational energy match before and after coarse graining.
- the equation of motion in the rotation direction is used, the overlap amount calculated when the equation of motion in the tangential direction is used can be used when calculating the torque.
- the second parameter calculation unit the solution of the characteristic equation derived by using the relationship between the elastic energy of the grain group before coarse graining and the elastic energy of the coarse grained particles is used.
- the second parameter can be calculated.
- the overlap amount can be calculated on the assumption that the angular momentum and the rotational energy match before and after coarse graining.
- the overlap amount calculated when the equation of motion in the tangential direction is used can be used when calculating the torque.
- [Comparative Example 1-2] The container was filled in a rectangular parallelepiped container under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1-1 except that the coarse-grained magnification ⁇ was set to 2 and the particle group composed of 8 particles was made into 1 coarse-grained particle.
- the temperature change of the powder layer was analyzed. Since the particles were coarse-grained, the particle size of the particles was changed as shown in Table 1, but the analysis was performed using the same parameters as in Comparative Example 1-1 except for the particle size.
- FIG. 6 shows the change in the average temperature of the powder layer in the container obtained by the analysis.
- the coarse-graining magnification ⁇ was set to 2, and the temperature change of the powder layer filled in the rectangular parallelepiped container was analyzed using the above-mentioned simulation device.
- the first parameter acquisition unit 421 acquired the first parameter including the parameter related to the powder to be analyzed (first parameter acquisition step: S1).
- the second parameter calculation unit 422 calculated the second parameter, which is a parameter for the coarse-grained particles (second parameter calculation step: S2).
- Equation (13), Equation (19) Equation (26) using the parameter K r is a solution of the characteristic equation shown in, by the equation (27), the thermal conductivity of about coarse-grained particles Calculated.
- the coefficient of restitution, the coefficient of friction, and the rolling friction coefficient were calculated using the characteristic equations. As described above, these coefficients are adjustable depending on the model applied to the calculation, and can be calculated and converted using the characteristic equations as described above.
- the calculated parameters Kr are shown in Table 2.
- Table 1 shows the first parameter and the second parameter obtained and calculated as described above. Then, based on the parameters shown in Table 1, the behavior of the coarse-grained particles, specifically, the temperature change was analyzed by the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit 423 (coarse-grained particle behavior analysis step: S3). The results are shown in FIG.
- Example 1-1 are almost the same as the results of Comparative Example 1-1 without coarse graining, and the parameters of the coarse-grained particles are appropriately selected. , I was able to confirm that the analysis was performed.
- Example 1-1 Since the coarse graining is performed in Example 1-1, the number of particles is 1/8 times that of Comparative Example 1-1, and the amount of calculation is suppressed as compared with Comparative Example 1-1. is made of.
- Comparative Example 2 [Comparative Example 2-1] The behavior of the powder in the kiln, which is a rotating body, was analyzed by the discrete element method calculation using the parameters shown in Table 3. The coefficient of restitution was 0.75, the coefficient of friction was 0.3, and the coefficient of rolling friction was 0.5. The movement of the powder in the kiln obtained by analysis is shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D, the temperature distribution of the powder in the kiln obtained by analysis is shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C, and the powder (particles) in the kiln obtained by analysis is shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C. ) Are shown in FIG. 13, respectively.
- FIG. 8A shows the state before the rotation of the kiln 70 is started, and the first powder group 71 and the second powder group 72 divided into groups are contained in half.
- 8B, 8C, and 8D show the states when 2 seconds have passed, 4 seconds have passed, and 6 seconds have passed since the start of rotation of the kiln, respectively, and the first powder group 71 and the second powder group have passed. It shows a state in which 72 is mixed.
- FIG. 11A shows the state before the rotation of the kiln is started, and it can be confirmed that the temperature is within the first temperature range 101 and is uniform.
- 11B and 11C show the states 3 seconds and 6 seconds after the start of rotation of the kiln, respectively. Since heating is performed from the outer wall side of the kiln 70, the powder is heated in order from the center side. It can be confirmed that the first temperature range 101, the second temperature range 102, and the third temperature range 103 are distributed. The temperature increases in the order of the first temperature range 101, the second temperature range 102, and the third temperature range 103.
- FIG. 9A shows the state before the rotation of the kiln 70 is started, and the first powder group 71 and the second powder group 72 divided into groups are contained in half.
- 9B, 9C, and 9D show the states when 2 seconds have passed, 4 seconds have passed, and 6 seconds have passed since the start of rotation of the kiln, respectively, and the first powder group 71 and the second powder group have passed. It shows a state in which 72 is mixed.
- FIG. 12A shows the state before the rotation of the kiln is started, and it can be confirmed that the temperature is within the first temperature range 101 and is uniform.
- 12B and 12C show the states 3 seconds and 6 seconds after the start of rotation of the kiln, respectively. Since heating is performed from the outer wall side of the kiln 70, the powder is heated in order from the center side. It can be confirmed that the first temperature range 101, the second temperature range 102, and the third temperature range 103 are distributed. The temperature increases in the order of the first temperature range 101, the second temperature range 102, and the third temperature range 103.
- Example 2-1 The coarse-graining magnification ⁇ was set to 4, and the behavior of the powder in the kiln, which is a rotating body, was analyzed using the simulation device described above.
- the first parameter acquisition unit 421 acquired the first parameter including the parameter related to the powder to be analyzed (first parameter acquisition step: S1).
- the second parameter calculation unit 422 calculated the second parameter, which is a parameter for the coarse-grained particles (second parameter calculation step: S2).
- Equation (13), Equation (19) Equation (26) using the parameter K r is a solution of the characteristic equation shown in, by the equation (27), the thermal conductivity of about coarse-grained particles Calculated.
- the coefficient of restitution, the coefficient of friction, and the rolling friction coefficient were calculated using the characteristic equations.
- the calculated parameters Kr are shown in Table 4.
- Table 3 shows the first parameter and the second parameter acquired and calculated as described above. Then, based on the parameters shown in Table 3, the behavior of the coarse-grained particles, specifically, the movement in the kiln and the temperature change were analyzed by the coarse-grained particle behavior analysis unit 423 (coarse-grained particle behavior analysis). Step: S3).
- the movement of the powder in the kiln obtained by analysis is shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D
- the temperature distribution of the powder in the kiln obtained by analysis is shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C
- the average of the powder in the kiln obtained by analysis is shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C.
- the temperatures are shown in FIG. 13, respectively.
- FIG. 7A shows the state before the rotation of the kiln 70 is started, and the first powder group 71 and the second powder group 72 divided into groups are contained in half.
- 7B, 7C, and 7D show the states when 2 seconds have passed, 4 seconds have passed, and 6 seconds have passed since the start of rotation of the kiln, respectively, and the first powder group 71 and the second powder group have passed. It shows a state in which 72 is mixed.
- FIG. 10A shows the state before the rotation of the kiln is started, and it can be confirmed that the temperature is within the first temperature range 101 and is uniform.
- FIGS. 10B and 10C show the states 3 seconds and 6 seconds after the start of rotation of the kiln, respectively. Since heating is performed from the outer wall side of the kiln 70, the powder is heated in order from the center side. It can be confirmed that the first temperature range 101, the second temperature range 102, and the third temperature range 103 are distributed. The temperature increases in the order of the first temperature range 101, the second temperature range 102, and the third temperature range 103.
- Example 2-1 are not coarse-grained. It was confirmed that the results of Comparative Example 2-1 were almost the same, and that the parameters of the coarse-grained particles were appropriately selected and set, and the analysis was performed.
- Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 2-1 showed the same tendency such as having an inflection point.
- Example 2-1 Since the coarse graining is performed in Example 2-1 the number of particles is 1/64 times that of Comparative Example 2-1 and the amount of calculation is calculated as compared with Comparative Example 2-1. Can be suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
に関する。
シミュレーション結果を出力する出力装置と、
前記入力装置から入力されたシミュレーション条件に基づいて、大きさが異なる複数の
粒子を含む粉粒体の挙動を解析する処理装置とを有し、
前記処理装置は、
前記入力装置から入力されたシミュレーション対象の粉粒体の粒径分布を規定するパラメータの値、及び粒子を粗視化する基準となる粗視化係数の値に基づいて、粗視化された粉粒体の挙動をシミュレーションにより求め、
シミュレーションによって求められた粒子の挙動と、入力された粗視化係数の値とを関連付けて前記出力装置に出力するシミュレーション装置等に開示されているように、粉粒体についてのシミュレーション装置が開示されている。
複数の粒子を含む粉体の挙動を解析するためのシミュレーション装置であって、
前記粉体に関連するパラメータを含む第1パラメータを取得する第1パラメータ取得部と、
複数個の前記粒子から構成される粒子群を粗視化し、1個の粗視化粒子とした場合の、前記粗視化粒子についてのパラメータである第2パラメータを算出する第2パラメータ算出部と、
前記第1パラメータ、および前記第2パラメータに基づいて、前記粗視化粒子の挙動を解析する粗視化粒子挙動解析部と、を有し、
前記第2パラメータ算出部は、前記粒子群の弾性エネルギーと、前記粗視化粒子の弾性エネルギーとの関係を用いた特性方程式の解を用いて、前記第2パラメータを算出するシミュレーション装置を提供する。
1.第1の実施形態
[シミュレーション装置]
(1)粒子の粗視化、および粗視化粒子の粒子挙動の計算に用いるパラメータについて
(1-1)粒子の粗視化について
本実施形態のシミュレーション装置の詳細について説明する前に、本実施形態のシミュレーション装置で用いることができる、複数個の粒子から構成される粒子群の粗視化、および粗視化した粒子である粗視化粒子に関連するパラメータの算出方法について以下に説明する。
(1-2)粗視化粒子の粒子挙動の計算に用いるパラメータについて
そこで、本発明の発明者は、粗視化粒子に関するパラメータを決定する方法について検討を行った。計算にあたって、図1Aに示した粗視化する前の複数個の粒子から構成される粒子群11が壁面12に衝突する場合と、図2Aに示した粗視化粒子21が壁面12に衝突する場合とをモデルに用いた。以下の説明では壁面と粒子とが衝突する場合を例に粗視化粒子に関するパラメータを決定する方法を記載するが、粒子同士が衝突する場合でも同様の議論となるため説明を省略する。
(2)シミュレーション装置
本実施形態のシミュレーション装置は、複数の粒子を含む粉体の挙動を解析するためのシミュレーション装置であり、以下の部材を有することができる。
粉体に関連するパラメータを含む第1パラメータを取得する第1パラメータ取得部。
複数個の粒子から構成される粒子群を粗視化し、1個の粗視化粒子とした場合の、粗視化粒子についてのパラメータである第2パラメータを算出する第2パラメータ算出部。
第1パラメータ、および第2パラメータに基づいて、粗視化粒子の挙動を解析する粗視化粒子挙動解析部。
(A)受付部
受付部41は、処理装置42で実行される処理に関係するユーザーからのコマンドやデータの入力を受け付ける。受付部41としてはユーザーが操作を行い、コマンド等を入力するキーボードやマウス、ネットワークを介して入力を行う通信装置、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM等の各種記憶媒体から入力を行う読み取り装置などが挙げられる。
(B)処理装置
処理装置42は、第1パラメータ取得部421、第2パラメータ算出部422、粗視化粒子挙動解析部423を有することができる。なお、処理装置は、必要に応じてさらに任意の部材を有することができ、例えば初期設定部等を有することもできる。
(B-1)第1パラメータ取得部
第1パラメータ取得部421では、例えば解析の対象となる粉体に関連するパラメータを含む第1パラメータを取得できる。第1パラメータは、粉体に関連するパラメータ以外に、解析に要する各種パラメータを含むこともできる。第1パラメータは解析(シミュレーション)の内容に応じて選択できるため、その具体的な種類は特に限定されない。第1パラメータとしては、離散要素法計算に必要となる各種パラメータが挙げられ、具体的には例えば粒子径、粒子数、ヤング率、計算のTime step、ポワソン比、壁面との摩擦係数、粒子間の摩擦係数、転がり摩擦係数、密度等から選択された1種類以上が挙げられる。
(B-2)第2パラメータ算出部
既述のように、本実施形態のシミュレーション装置30では、計算量を抑制するため、粉体が有する複数個の粒子から構成される粒子群を、1個の粗視化粒子に粗視化し、粒子の数を少なくして計算を行うことができる。ただし、粗視化粒子は、粗視化前の粒子群を構成する個々の粒子とは質量等の各種パラメータが異なる。このため、粗視化粒子について、計算を行う際に必要となるパラメータの算出や、設定を行う必要がある。
(B-3)粗視化粒子挙動解析部
粗視化粒子挙動解析部423では、第1パラメータ取得部421により取得した第1パラメータ、および第2パラメータ算出部422で算出した第2パラメータを用いて、粗視化粒子の挙動を解析できる。具体的には離散要素法を用いて計算し、粗視化粒子の挙動を解析できる。粗視化粒子の挙動を解析することで、粉体の挙動を解析することができる。
(B-4)初期設定部
図示しない初期設定部は、解析対象となる粉体を構成する粒子の位置を初期化するとともに、解析の条件、例えば必要に応じて粉体を配置する領域の温度等を設定できる。なお、例えば粗視化粒子挙動解析部423で粗視化粒子の挙動を解析する際に用いるプログラム等に予め初期条件が設定されている場合や、第1パラメータ取得部421により取得する場合には、初期設定部は設けなくてもよい。
(C)出力部
出力部43は、ディスプレイ等を有することができる。粗視化粒子挙動解析部423で得られたシミュレーション結果を出力部43に出力できる。出力するシミュレーション結果の内容は特に限定されないが、例えば出力部43に粗視化された粒子の位置を時系列で画像として出力し、表示することができる。また、例えば出力部43に、粉体の温度分布の時系列変化を画像として出力し、表示することもできる。
[シミュレーション方法]
次に、本実施形態のシミュレーション方法について説明する。本実施形態のシミュレーション方法は、例えば既述のシミュレーション装置を用いて実施できる。このため、既に説明した事項の一部は説明を省略する。
複数個の粒子から構成される粒子群を粗視化し、1個の粗視化粒子とした場合の、粗視化粒子についてのパラメータである第2パラメータを算出する第2パラメータ算出工程(S2)。
第1パラメータ、および第2パラメータに基づいて、粗視化粒子の挙動を解析する粗視化粒子挙動解析工程(S3)。
そして、第2パラメータ算出工程(S2)は、粒子群の弾性エネルギーと、粗視化粒子の弾性エネルギーとの関係を用いた特性方程式の解を用いて、第2パラメータを算出できる。
(1)第1パラメータ取得工程(S1)
第1パラメータ取得工程(S1)では、解析の対象となる粉体に関連するパラメータを含む第1パラメータを取得できる。既述のシミュレーション装置を用いる場合、例えば第1パラメータ取得部421において、第1パラメータ取得工程を実施できる。
(2)第2パラメータ算出工程(S2)
本実施形態のシミュレーション方法では、計算量を抑制するため、粉体が有する複数個の粒子から構成される粒子群を、1個の粗視化粒子に粗視化し、粒子の数を少なくして計算を行うことができる。
(3)粗視化粒子挙動解析工程(S3)
粗視化粒子挙動解析工程(S3)では、第1パラメータ取得工程(S1)で得た第1パラメータ、および第2パラメータ算出工程(S2)で算出した第2パラメータを用いて、粗視化粒子の挙動を解析できる。具体的には離散要素法を用いて計算し、粗視化粒子の挙動を解析できる。粗視化粒子の挙動を解析することで、粉体の挙動を解析することができる。
(4)初期設定工程
本実施形態のシミュレーション方法は、例えばさらに初期設定工程を有することもできる。初期設定工程では、解析対象となる粉体を構成する粒子の位置を初期化するとともに、解析の条件、例えば必要に応じて粉体を配置する領域の温度等を設定できる。なお、例えば粗視化粒子挙動解析工程で粗視化粒子の挙動を解析する際に用いるプログラム等に予め初期条件が設定されている場合や、第1パラメータ取得工程により取得する場合には、初期設定工程は実施しなくてもよい。
(5)出力工程
本実施形態のシミュレーション方法は、例えばさらに出力工程を有することができる。出力工程では、例えば粗視化粒子挙動解析工程(S3)で得られたシミュレーション結果を、出力部へ出力できる。出力するシミュレーション結果の内容は特に限定されないが、例えば出力部に粗視化された粒子の位置を時系列で画像として出力し、表示することができる。また、例えば出力部に、粉体の温度分布の時系列変化を画像として出力し、表示することもできる。
[プログラム]
次に、本実施形態のプログラムについて説明する。
2.第2の実施形態
[シミュレーション装置]
(1)粒子の粗視化、および粗視化粒子の粒子挙動の計算に用いるパラメータについて
第2の実施形態では、接線方向の運動方程式に関して、オーバーラップ量を算出する際に、回転については角運動量と回転エネルギーが粗視化前後で一致すると仮定する点がここまで説明した第1の実施形態の場合と異なる。また、回転方向の運動方程式に関して、上述のようにして求めたオーバーラップ量を用いてトルクを算出できる。これにより計算量を抑制したまま、粗視化後の粒子群の挙動についてより精度よく解析可能になる。
(1-1)オーバーラップ量について
通常、接線方向のオーバーラップ量は接触開始から接触終了までの速度の接線方向の成分vt(以下の式中ではvtの上に矢印で示されたもの)の時間積分を用いて以下のように求められる。ここでtは時間、ベクトルr(以下の式中ではrの上に矢印で示されたもの)は、粒子群11を構成する粒子の中心から接触点までのベクトル、ベクトルω(以下の式中ではωの上に矢印で示されたもの)は粒子群11の回転ベクトルを示す。
(1-2)回転方向の運動方程式について
ここまで説明した接線方向のオーバーラップ量から接線方向の力を算出し、トルクを計算できる。各粒子間や、粒子と壁間での転がり摩擦は粒子にかかる垂直抗力と接触半径の積に比例するトルクが発生するとした。それぞれの転がり摩擦は各粒子で発生するので、粗視化粒子全体での転がり摩擦抵抗は以下の式(44)のように表せる。
本実施形態のシミュレーション装置においても、第2パラメータ算出部は、粒子群の弾性エネルギーと、粗視化粒子の弾性エネルギーとの関係を用いた特性方程式の解を用いて、第2パラメータを算出できる。ただし、接線方向の運動方程式を用いる場合において、オーバーラップ量に関して、回転については角運動量と回転エネルギーが粗視化前後で一致すると仮定し算出できる。また、回転方向の運動方程式を用いる場合において、トルクの算出を行う際に、上記接線方向の運動方程式を用いる場合に算出したオーバーラップ量を用いることができる。
[シミュレーション方法]
本実施形態のシミュレーション方法においても、第2パラメータ算出工程では、粗視化前の粒子群の弾性エネルギーと、粗視化粒子の弾性エネルギーとの関係を用いて導出した特性方程式の解を用いて、第2パラメータを算出できる。ただし、接線方向の運動方程式を用いる場合において、オーバーラップ量に関して、回転については角運動量と回転エネルギーが粗視化前後で一致すると仮定し算出できる。また、回転方向の運動方程式を用いる場合において、トルクの算出を行う際に、上記接線方向の運動方程式を用いる場合に算出したオーバーラップ量を用いることができる。
[プログラム]
本実施形態のプログラムにおいても、第2パラメータ算出部では、粗視化前の粒子群の弾性エネルギーと、粗視化粒子の弾性エネルギーとの関係を用いて導出した特性方程式の解を用いて、第2パラメータを算出できる。ただし、接線方向の運動方程式を用いる場合において、オーバーラップ量に関して、回転については角運動量と回転エネルギーが粗視化前後で一致すると仮定し算出できる。また、回転方向の運動方程式を用いる場合において、トルクの算出を行う際に、上記接線方向の運動方程式を用いる場合に算出したオーバーラップ量を用いることができる。
[実験例1]
[比較例1-1]
直方体の容器内に充填した粉体層の温度変化について、表1に示したパラメータを用いて、離散要素法計算により底部から加熱を行った場合の解析を行った。解析により求めた容器内の粉体層の平均温度の変化を図6に示す。なお、反発係数を0.1、摩擦係数を0.7、転がり摩擦係数を0.001とした。
粗視化倍率αを2とし、8個の粒子から構成される粒子群を1個の粗視化粒子とした点以外は比較例1-1と同様の条件で、直方体の容器内に充填した粉体層の温度変化について解析を行った。なお、粗視化粒子としたため、表1に示すように、粒子の粒径を変更しているが、粒径以外は比較例1-1と同じパラメータを用いて、解析を行った。解析により求めた容器内の粉体層の平均温度の変化を図6に示す。
[実施例1-1]
粗視化倍率αを2とし、既述のシミュレーション装置を用いて、直方体の容器内に充填した粉体層の温度変化について解析を行った。
[実験例2]
[比較例2-1]
回転体であるキルン内の粉体の挙動について、表3に示したパラメータを用いて、離散要素法計算により解析を行った。なお、反発係数を0.75、摩擦係数を0.3、転がり摩擦係数を0.5とした。
解析により求めたキルン内の粉体の動きを図8A~図8Dに、解析により求めたキルン内の粉体の温度分布を図11A~図11Cに、解析により求めたキルン内の粉体(粒子)の平均温度を図13にそれぞれ示す。
粗視化倍率αを4とし、64個の粒子から構成される粒子群を1個の粗視化粒子とした点以外は比較例2-1と同様の条件で、回転体であるキルン内の粉体の挙動について解析を行った。なお、表3に示すように、粒径以外は比較例2-1と同じパラメータを用いて、解析を行った。解析により求めたキルン内の粉体の動きを図9A~図9Dに、解析により求めたキルン内の粉体の温度分布を図12A~図12Cに、解析により求めたキルン内の粉体の平均温度を図13にそれぞれ示す。
[実施例2-1]
粗視化倍率αを4とし、既述のシミュレーション装置を用いて、回転体であるキルン内の粉体の挙動について解析を行った。
以上のようにして取得、算出した、第1パラメータ、および第2パラメータを表3に示す。そして、表3に示したパラメータに基づいて、粗視化粒子の挙動、具体的にはキルン内の動きや、温度変化を粗視化粒子挙動解析部423において解析した(粗視化粒子挙動解析工程:S3)。解析により求めたキルン内の粉体の動きを図7A~図7Dに、解析により求めたキルン内の粉体の温度分布を図10A~図10Cに、解析により求めたキルン内の粉体の平均温度を図13にそれぞれ示す。
11A、11B 粒子
21 粗視化粒子
30 シミュレーション装置
421 第1パラメータ取得部
422 第2パラメータ算出部
423 粗視化粒子挙動解析部
S1 第1パラメータ取得工程
S2 第2パラメータ算出工程
S3 粗視化粒子挙動解析工程
Claims (7)
- 複数の粒子を含む粉体の挙動を解析するためのシミュレーション装置であって、
前記粉体に関連するパラメータを含む第1パラメータを取得する第1パラメータ取得部と、
複数個の前記粒子から構成される粒子群を粗視化し、1個の粗視化粒子とした場合の、前記粗視化粒子についてのパラメータである第2パラメータを算出する第2パラメータ算出部と、
前記第1パラメータ、および前記第2パラメータに基づいて、前記粗視化粒子の挙動を解析する粗視化粒子挙動解析部と、を有し、
前記第2パラメータ算出部は、前記粒子群の弾性エネルギーと、前記粗視化粒子の弾性エネルギーとの関係を用いた特性方程式の解を用いて、前記第2パラメータを算出するシミュレーション装置。 - 前記第2パラメータは、前記粗視化粒子の熱伝導率を含んでおり、
前記第2パラメータ算出部は、前記特性方程式の解を用いて、前記熱伝導率を算出する請求項1に記載のシミュレーション装置。 - 回転体内での、前記粉体の挙動を解析する請求項1または請求項2に記載のシミュレーション装置。
- 複数の粒子を含む粉体の挙動を解析するためのシミュレーション方法であって、
前記粉体に関連するパラメータを含む第1パラメータを取得する第1パラメータ取得工程と、
複数個の前記粒子から構成される粒子群を粗視化し、1個の粗視化粒子とした場合の、前記粗視化粒子についてのパラメータである第2パラメータを算出する第2パラメータ算出工程と、
前記第1パラメータ、および前記第2パラメータに基づいて、前記粗視化粒子の挙動を解析する粗視化粒子挙動解析工程と、を有し、
前記第2パラメータ算出工程は、前記粒子群の弾性エネルギーと、前記粗視化粒子の弾性エネルギーとの関係を用いた特性方程式の解を用いて、前記第2パラメータを算出するシミュレーション方法。 - 前記第2パラメータは、前記粗視化粒子の熱伝導率を含んでおり、
前記第2パラメータ算出工程では、前記特性方程式の解を用いて、前記熱伝導率を算出する請求項4に記載のシミュレーション方法。 - 複数の粒子を含む粉体の挙動を解析するためのプログラムであって、
コンピュータを、
前記粉体に関連するパラメータを含む第1パラメータを取得する第1パラメータ取得部と、
複数個の前記粒子から構成される粒子群を粗視化し、1個の粗視化粒子とした場合の、前記粗視化粒子についてのパラメータである第2パラメータを算出する第2パラメータ算出部と、
前記第1パラメータ、および前記第2パラメータに基づいて、前記粗視化粒子の挙動を解析する粗視化粒子挙動解析部と、して機能させ、
前記第2パラメータ算出部では、前記粒子群の弾性エネルギーと、前記粗視化粒子の弾性エネルギーとの関係を用いた特性方程式の解を用いて、前記第2パラメータを算出させるプログラム。 - 前記第2パラメータは、前記粗視化粒子の熱伝導率を含んでおり、
前記第2パラメータ算出部は、前記特性方程式の解を用いて、前記熱伝導率を算出する請求項6に記載のプログラム。
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- 2021-05-31 WO PCT/JP2021/020745 patent/WO2021246378A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| US20230091287A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
| CN115698672A (zh) | 2023-02-03 |
| EP4160184A1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
| KR102660215B1 (ko) | 2024-04-23 |
| EP4160184A4 (en) | 2024-06-26 |
| KR20220163531A (ko) | 2022-12-09 |
| EP4160184B1 (en) | 2025-07-02 |
| US11892388B2 (en) | 2024-02-06 |
| CN115698672B (zh) | 2024-05-31 |
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