WO2022153790A1 - マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a martensitic stainless steel material and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 2 in terms of mass%, C: 0.40 to 0.50%, Si: 0.05 to 0.60%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.5%, P: 0.035. % Or less, S: 0.010% or less, Cr: 11.0 to 15.5%, Ni: 0.01 to 0.30%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.30%, Mo: 0.01 to 0.30%, V: 0.01 to 0.10%, Al: 0.02% or less, Sn: 0.002 to 0.10%, N: 0.010 to 0.035%, Ca: 0.
- a martensite-based stainless steel material for cutting tools has been proposed, characterized in that the inclusions of 10 ⁇ m or more are 0.2 pieces / cm 2 or less.
- Patent Document 3 Cr: 13.0-14.0% by weight, Mo: 1.15 to 1.35% by weight, C: 0.35 to 0.55% by weight, Si: 0.20 to 0.20 to 0.50% by weight, Mn: 0.20 to 0.50% by weight, P: 0.025% by weight or less, S: 0.020% by weight or less, balance: Fe and a group having a composition consisting of unavoidable impurity elements.
- a step of producing a material a step of subjecting the base material to at least one of a high-density dislocation introduction method and an ultra-quenching solidification method and then quenching to obtain a microstructure ferrite steel, and a cold rolling of the ferrite steel.
- a martensitic stainless steel material having fine crystal grains which comprises a step of quenching, plastically processing into a predetermined shape as necessary, and then quenching to obtain a martensitic stainless steel material having fine crystal grains.
- the manufacturing method of is proposed.
- the martensitic stainless steel material described in Patent Document 2 has insufficient workability or irregular patterns because the average particle size of inclusions (particularly carbides) is not controlled. There is. Further, the martensitic stainless steel material described in Patent Document 3 is not suitable for mass production because it has introduced a special process such as a high-density dislocation introduction method or an ultra-quenching solidification method. In addition, this martensitic stainless steel material has a high Mo content and is costly. In the conventional martensitic stainless steel material in which the C content is reduced in this way, the above-mentioned problems have occurred.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has good workability, high hardness and corrosion resistance after quenching or quenching and tempering, and martensitic capable of suppressing the occurrence of irregular patterns.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a martensitic stainless steel material and a method for producing the same.
- C 0.30 to 0.60%, Si: 0.05 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.50%, P: 0.040% or less on a mass basis.
- the average particle size of the carbide is 0.50 ⁇ m or less, A martensitic stainless steel material having 0.20 pieces / cm 2 or less of the carbide having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more.
- C 0.30 to 0.60%, Si: 0.05 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.50%, P: 0.040% or less on a mass basis.
- a slab having a composition composed of impurities according to the formula (1): T [° C.] 6500 / (4-log C [%])-273 ... (1)
- This is a method for producing a martensitic stainless steel material which comprises a hot rolling step of performing hot rolling after performing heat treatment at a temperature of T or higher represented by (2) for 1 to 5 hours.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a martensitic stainless steel material having good workability, high hardness and corrosion resistance after quenching or quenching and tempering, and capable of suppressing the occurrence of irregular patterns, and a method for producing the same.
- the martensite-based stainless steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention has C: 0.30 to 0.60%, Si: 0.05 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.50%, P: 0. .040% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Cr: 13.0-18.0%, Ni: 0.01 to 0.30%, Mo: 0.01 to 1.00%, Al: 0. 030% or less, N: 0.010 to 0.350%, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0030%, O: 0.001 to 0.010%, and 2.5C + N is 1.10% or more.
- the balance is composed of Fe and impurities.
- the "steel material” means a material having various material shapes such as a steel plate.
- the “steel plate” is a concept including a steel strip.
- the “impurity” is a component mixed by various factors of raw materials such as ore and scrap, and various factors in the manufacturing process when the stainless steel material is industrially manufactured, and is allowed as long as it does not adversely affect the present invention. Means what is done. Examples of impurities include Zn, Pb, Se, Sb, H, Ga, Ta, Mg, Zr and the like.
- the martensite-based stainless steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention has V: 0.50% or less, Nb: 0.30% or less, Ti: 0.3% or less, Cu: 4.0% or less, Sn: One or more of 0.100% or less, B: 0.0050% or less, and Co: 0.30% or less can be further contained.
- V 0.50% or less
- Nb 0.30% or less
- Ti 0.3% or less
- Cu 4.0% or less
- Sn One or more of 0.100% or less
- B 0.0050% or less
- Co 0.30% or less
- C is an essential element for obtaining a predetermined hardness (Vickers hardness) after quenching or quenching and tempering.
- Vickers hardness a hardness of 500 HV or more
- the C content needs to be 0.30% or more. If C is added excessively, sensitization during quenching is promoted and corrosion resistance is impaired, and the toughness after quenching or tempering is also lowered due to the unsolid solution carbonitride. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.60% or less. There is a need to.
- the lower limit of the C content is preferably 0.32%, and the upper limit is preferably 0.58%.
- Si 0.05 to 1.00%>
- Si is an element that is necessary for deoxidation during dissolution refining and is also useful for suppressing the formation of oxidative scale during quenching. Further, if the Si content is low, deoxidation tends to be insufficient, carbides increase, and rusting may occur starting from this, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance. Therefore, the Si content needs to be 0.05% or more. On the other hand, Si narrows the austenite single-phase temperature range and impairs quenching stability, so the Si content needs to be 1.00% or less. From the viewpoint of stably obtaining the above-mentioned effect of Si, the lower limit value of the Si content is preferably 0.07%, and the upper limit value is preferably 0.98%.
- Mn is an element added as a deoxidizer and contributes to the improvement of hardenability by expanding the austenite single-phase region. If Mn is not sufficiently added, the two-phase region expands and the ⁇ phase increases. As a result, the amount of Cr carbonitride increases, and a Cr-deficient layer is formed around the Cr carbonitride, which tends to be a starting point of rust and lowers corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to set the Mn content to 0.05% or more. From the viewpoint of stably obtaining the above effect of Mn, the lower limit of the Mn content is preferably 0.07%.
- Mn content 1.50% or less. Considering the decrease in corrosion resistance due to granules such as MnS, 1.45% or less is preferable.
- P is an element contained as an impurity in the main raw materials such as hot metal and ferrochrome which are raw materials. It is an element harmful to the toughness and corrosion resistance of hot-rolled annealed plates and materials after quenching. Therefore, the P content needs to be 0.040% or less, preferably 0.038% or less.
- the lower limit of the P content is not particularly limited, but excessive reduction causes problems such as making the use of high-purity raw materials indispensable, which leads to an increase in cost. Therefore, the lower limit of the P content is set. 0.010% is preferable.
- the lower limit of the S content is not particularly limited, but the smaller the S content, the better the corrosion resistance, while the desulfurization load increases and the manufacturing cost increases. Therefore, the lower limit of the S content is preferably 0.001%.
- Cr is an element for maintaining the corrosion resistance required in the main use of martensitic stainless steel materials. Therefore, it is necessary to set the Cr content to 13.0% or more. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing the formation of retained austenite after quenching, the Cr content needs to be 18.0% or less. From the viewpoint of stably obtaining the above-mentioned effect of Cr, the lower limit value of the Cr content is preferably 13.1%, and the upper limit value is preferably 17.8%.
- Ni is an austenite stabilizing element and also has the effect of improving toughness after quenching or quenching and tempering.
- the press formability may be deteriorated due to solid solution strengthening in the hot-rolled annealed plate, and the production cost is increased because it is an expensive element. Therefore, the Ni content needs to be 0.30% or less.
- Ni is an element effective in suppressing the progress of pitting corrosion. From the viewpoint of stably obtaining the above-mentioned effect of Ni, the lower limit value of the Ni content is preferably 0.02%, and the upper limit value is preferably 0.27%.
- Mo is an element effective for improving the corrosion resistance of a martensite structure containing ⁇ ferrite. From the viewpoint of obtaining this effect, the Mo content needs to be 0.01% or more. On the other hand, Mo is a stabilizing element of the ferrite phase, and excessive addition impairs the quenching characteristics by narrowing the austenite single-phase temperature range. Therefore, the Mo content needs to be 1.00% or less. From the viewpoint of stably obtaining the above-mentioned effect of Mo, the lower limit value of the Mo content is preferably 0.02%, the upper limit value is preferably 0.50%, and more preferably 0.30%. ..
- Al is an element that is added as a deoxidizing element and also improves oxidation resistance. However, if a large amount of Al is contained, carbides tend to become large. Therefore, the Al content needs to be 0.030% or less, preferably 0.025% or less, and more preferably 0.020% or less.
- the lower limit of the Al content is not particularly limited and may not contain Al. However, from the viewpoint of obtaining the above effect by Al, the lower limit value of Al is preferably 0.001%.
- Al is T.I. Al.
- N is an element essential for obtaining a predetermined hardness (Vickers hardness) after quenching or quenching and tempering.
- Vickers hardness a predetermined hardness
- N since the content of C is reduced, it is necessary to contain N instead.
- N also has the effect of improving corrosion resistance when it is dissolved in solid solution. From the viewpoint of obtaining these effects, the N content needs to be 0.010% or more.
- N may form a Cr nitride to form a Cr-deficient layer, in which case the corrosion resistance is reduced. Further, if N is added excessively, it is difficult to control at the steelmaking stage, and bubble-based defects are likely to be formed.
- the content of N needs to be 0.350% or less.
- the lower limit of the content of N is preferably 0.020%, more preferably 0.025%, still more preferably 0.036%, and the upper limit is It is preferably 0.300%, more preferably 0.290%.
- Ca 0.0001 to 0.0030%>
- Ca is added to adjust the composition at the steelmaking stage, but it acts as a strong deoxidizing material and has the effect of promoting deoxidation.
- Ca is a strong deoxidizing element, most of it floats in molten steel as inclusions and hardly remains in steel.
- the Ca content needs to be 0.0030% or less, preferably 0.0010% or less.
- the Ca content is set to 0.0001% or more.
- O is an important element together with Al and Ca.
- the content of O needs to be 0.010% or less.
- the content of O is set to 0.001% or more. From the viewpoint of the balance between cost and corrosion resistance, the lower limit of the O content is preferably 0.002%, and the upper limit is 0.009%.
- ⁇ 2.5C + N is 1.10% or more>
- C and N are essential elements for obtaining a predetermined hardness (Vickers hardness) after quenching or quenching and tempering.
- N is contained instead of reducing the content of C, and C contributes 2.5 times as much as N to the hardness. Therefore, from the viewpoint of obtaining a predetermined hardness, 2.5C + N needs to be 1.10% or more, preferably 1.25% or more.
- the upper limit of 2.5C + N is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.80%, more preferably 1.70%, and even more preferably 1.60%.
- V is an element that forms fine carbonitrides and contributes to the improvement of corrosion resistance, and is added as necessary. However, if V is added in excess, the precipitate may be coarsened, and as a result, the toughness after quenching is lowered. Therefore, the V content is 0.50% or less, preferably 0.30% or less, and more preferably 0.20% or less.
- the lower limit of the V content is not particularly limited, but V may be mixed in the alloy raw material as an unavoidable impurity, and it may be difficult to remove it in the refining step. From the viewpoint of obtaining the above effects, the lower limit of the V content is preferably 0.01%, more preferably 0.02%, and even more preferably 0.03%.
- Nb is an element that forms a carbonitride and suppresses sensitization and deterioration of corrosion resistance due to precipitation of Cr carbonitride, and is added as necessary. However, excessive addition of Nb destabilizes the martensite phase and reduces hardness. Therefore, the content of Nb is 0.30% or less, preferably 0.28% or less, and more preferably 0.25% or less.
- the lower limit of the Nb content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01%, more preferably 0.05% from the viewpoint of obtaining the above effects.
- Ti is an element that forms a carbonitride and suppresses sensitization and deterioration of corrosion resistance due to precipitation of Cr carbonitride, and is added as necessary. However, when Ti is added in excess, coarse TiN is formed, which leads to the occurrence of thermal rolling and a decrease in toughness. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.3% or less, preferably 0.25% or less.
- the lower limit of the Ti content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01%, more preferably 0.06%, and even more preferably 0.10% from the viewpoint of obtaining the above effects.
- Cu is an element that is effective in improving the corrosion resistance of the martensite structure containing ⁇ ferrite and also contributes to the improvement of hardenability as an austenite stabilizing element, and is added as necessary.
- the Cu content is 4.0% or less, preferably 3.8% or less, and more preferably 3.5% or less.
- the lower limit of the Cu content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0%, more preferably 1.3%, and even more preferably 1.5% from the viewpoint of obtaining the above effects.
- Sn is an element effective for improving corrosion resistance after quenching or quenching and tempering, and is added as necessary. However, excessive addition of Sn promotes ear cracking during hot spreading. Therefore, the Sn content is 0.100% or less, preferably 0.090% or less.
- the lower limit of the Sn content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.002%, preferably 0.050% from the viewpoint of obtaining the above effects.
- B is an element effective for improving hot workability, and is added as needed. However, excessive addition of B may reduce hardenability due to composite precipitation of boride and carbide. Therefore, the content of B is 0.0050% or less, preferably 0.0045% or less.
- the lower limit of the B content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0002% from the viewpoint of obtaining the above effects.
- Co is an element that improves heat resistance and is added as needed. However, since Co is expensive, if the content of Co is too large, the manufacturing cost will increase. Therefore, the Co content is 0.30% or less, preferably 0.10% or less, and more preferably 0.05% or less.
- the lower limit of the Co content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01% from the viewpoint of obtaining the above effects.
- the martensitic stainless steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention has an average particle size of carbides of 0.50 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.48 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average particle size of the carbide is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m, and further preferably 0.10 ⁇ m.
- the carbides that specify the average particle size are both eutectic carbides produced during casting and precipitated carbides produced during the rolling process.
- the average particle size of the carbides can be calculated by observing the cross section of the martensitic stainless steel material by SEM, measuring the equivalent circle diameter of each carbide in the observation field, and obtaining the average value thereof.
- the martensitic stainless steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention contains 0.20 pieces / cm 2 or less, preferably 0.19 pieces / cm 2 or less of carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more. Since carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more are likely to be a starting point of rust, rusting can be suppressed and corrosion resistance can be improved by controlling the number of carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more in such a range. The smaller the amount of carbide having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more, the better, and thus the amount is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.01 pieces / cm 2 or more.
- the carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more are mainly eutectic carbides produced during casting.
- the size of the carbide refers to (major axis + minor axis) / 2 of the carbide.
- the number of carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more is calculated by observing the cross section of the martensite-based stainless steel material with an optical microscope to determine the number of carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more and dividing the number by the area of the measurement region. be able to.
- the martensitic stainless steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention has a hardness (Vickers hardness) of 500 HV or more after quenching or quenching and tempering.
- the hardness is preferably 550 HV or more.
- the upper limit of the hardness is not particularly limited, but is preferably 900 HV, more preferably 800 HV.
- quenching is performed at 1000 to 1100 ° C. Tempering is carried out at 100-400 ° C. After quenching, it is desirable to perform subzero treatment at ⁇ 200 to ⁇ 50 ° C.
- the hardness means a value measured at room temperature (25 ° C.) using a Vickers hardness tester.
- the martensitic stainless steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a hot-rolled plate, a hot-rolled annealed plate, a cold-rolled plate, or a cold-rolled annealed plate.
- the martensitic stainless steel material according to the embodiment of the present invention is obtained after heat-treating a slab having the same composition as the above-mentioned martensitic stainless steel material at a temperature of T or higher represented by the formula (1) for 1 to 5 hours.
- T [° C.] 6500 / (4-log C [%])-273 ... (1)
- the eutectic carbides produced during casting can be completely dissolved, so that the average particle size of the carbides and the number of carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more are controlled within the above ranges. It becomes possible.
- the conditions for hot rolling are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to finish the sheet thickness to 2 to 8 mm by rough rolling and finish rolling.
- the hot rolled plate is wound at a winding temperature of 800 ° C to 900 ° C.
- the wound hot-rolled plate is coiled.
- a softening step is performed in which the coiled hot-rolled plate is annealed at a temperature of Ac1 to (Ac1 to -50 ° C.) for 1 to 5 hours.
- a hot-rolled annealed plate can be obtained.
- coarsening of carbides is suppressed, so that the average particle size of carbides and the number of carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more can be stably controlled within the above range. It becomes.
- Annealing is carried out by holding the heated coiled hot-rolled plate at a temperature of Ac1 point to (Ac1 point-50 ° C.).
- annealing is not performed by cooling the coiled hot-rolled plate once and then reheating it to the temperature. Annealing is performed in a batch annealing furnace.
- the Ac1 point is calculated by the following equation (2).
- Ac1 -250C + 73Si-66Mn-115Ni + 35Cr + 60Mo-18Cu + 620Ti + 750Al-280N + 410 ...
- each element symbol is the mass% of each element.
- the hot-rolled annealed plate obtained in the softening step may be pickled if necessary.
- a cold rolling step of cold rolling is performed on the hot-rolled annealed sheet that has been pickled as needed.
- a cold rolled plate can be obtained by performing a cold rolling step.
- the conditions for cold rolling are not particularly limited and may be appropriately adjusted according to the required cold rolled sheet.
- the cold rolled sheet is annealed by heating at a heating rate of 50 ° C./sec or more, preferably 100 ° C./sec or more in a temperature range from 100 ° C. to Ac1 point to (Ac1 point-50 ° C.).
- the process is carried out.
- Annealing can be started from a state in which the cold rolled plate is in a temperature range of room temperature (25 ° C.) or higher and lower than 100 ° C. By performing this annealing step, a cold-rolled annealed plate can be obtained.
- the number of carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more and the average particle size of the carbides are controlled within a predetermined range. Therefore, the workability is good, and the hardness and corrosion resistance are high after quenching or quenching and tempering, and the occurrence of irregular patterns can be suppressed.
- the steel with the steel composition shown in Table 1 was melted and cast into a slab with a thickness of 200 mm. After heat-treating this slab at the temperature and time shown in Table 2, hot rolling (rough rolling and finish rolling) was performed to obtain a hot-rolled plate with a plate thickness of 3 mm, which was wound into a coil at a winding temperature of 850 ° C. I took it. Next, this coiled hot-rolled plate was transferred to a batch annealing furnace, and a softening step was performed at the temperature and time shown in Table 2. Next, the hot-rolled annealed sheet obtained in the softening step is cold-rolled, and then the cold-rolled sheet is annealed by heating at the heating rate shown in Table 2 in the temperature range from 100 ° C.
- the process was performed. Annealing was started from a state where the cold rolled plate was at room temperature (25 ° C.). Then, pickling was performed. The obtained cold-rolled annealed sheet (martensitic stainless steel material) was evaluated as follows.
- the obtained cold-spread annealed plate was heated to 1000 to 1100 ° C. and quenched, and then the surface was surface-polished with # 80, and the JIS surface hardness (quenched hardness) was measured with a Vickers hardness tester.
- the measurement temperature was room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the hardness was 500 HV or higher.
- the cross section parallel to the rolling direction and the plate thickness direction of the obtained cold-rolled annealed plate is observed by SEM, and among the carbides observed in the observation field, the carbide particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of less than 0.10 ⁇ m and the observation field.
- the circle-equivalent diameter ( ⁇ m) is measured for all the charcoal particles except the charcoal particles in which a part of the particles protrudes from the measurement target, and the sum of the circle-equivalent diameters of the charcoal particles to be measured is measured.
- the value divided by the total number was taken as the average diameter of the charcoal ( ⁇ m). However, the total number of carbide particles to be measured was set to 100 or more by a plurality of non-overlapping observation fields selected at random.
- the circle-equivalent diameter of the carbide particles was calculated from the area of the carbide particles obtained by image processing the SEM image with image processing software.
- the obtained cold-rolled annealed plate was punched into a blade shape to collect a steel material, which was heated at 1000 to 1100 ° C. for quenching. Next, the surface of the steel material was polished, and one end surface in the longitudinal direction was wet-polished to perform blade cutting to obtain a test material (blade). Those without blade chipping during this blade attachment process were evaluated as acceptable ( ⁇ ), and those with blade chipping were evaluated as rejected (x).
- the cold-rolled annealed plates (martensite-based stainless steel materials) of Examples 1 to 23 had good hardness and corrosion resistance after quenching. Further, since these cold-rolled annealed plates have a small average particle size of carbides and a small number of carbides having a size of 10 ⁇ m or more, no blade chipping occurs during blade cutting, and the workability is good, and the surface of the blade is good. The occurrence of irregular patterns was also suppressed.
- FIG. 1 shows a graph showing the relationship between 2.5C + N and hardness in the above Examples and Comparative Examples. As shown in FIG. 1, it was found that there is a proportional relationship between 2.5C + N and hardness, and that increasing 2.5C + N tends to increase hardness as well. In particular, it was found that the hardness can be made 500 HV or more by controlling 2.5 C + N to 1.10% or more.
- a martensitic stainless steel material having good workability, high hardness and corrosion resistance after quenching or quenching and tempering, and capable of suppressing the occurrence of irregular patterns, and production thereof.
- a method can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、Cの含有量が多いと、Crなどの合金元素と炭化物を生成し、製造工程中に粗大な共晶炭化物として析出し易くなる。この共晶炭化物は、焼鈍工程などによっても完全に溶体化させるのが困難であり、焼入れ時にCの固溶量が低下して過度に軟化する原因となる。また、この共晶炭化物は、腐食起点となるため耐食性が低下する他、加工時に欠けが生じたり、不規則模様が発生したりする原因にもなる。
また、特許文献3に記載のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材は、高密度転位導入法や超急冷凝固法のような特別な工程を導入しているため、大量生産には向いていない。また、このマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材は、Moの含有量が多く、コスト高でもある。
このようにCの含有量を低減化した従来のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材では、上記のような問題が生じていた。
炭化物の平均粒径が0.50μm以下であり、
大きさ10μm以上の前記炭化物が、0.20個/cm2以下である、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材である。
T[℃]=6500/(4-log C[%])-273 ・・・ (1)
で表されるT以上の温度で熱処理を1~5時間行った後に熱間圧延を行う熱間圧延工程を含む、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材の製造方法である。
なお、本明細書において成分に関する「%」表示は、特に断らない限り「質量%」を意味する。
以下、各成分について詳細に説明する。
Cは、焼入れ又は焼入れ焼戻し後に所定の硬度(ビッカース硬さ)を得るために必須な元素である。硬度500HV以上を安定して得るためには、Cの含有量を0.30%以上とする必要がある。Cを過度に添加すると、焼入れ時の鋭敏化が促進されて耐食性を損なうとともに、未固溶炭窒化物により焼入れ又は焼戻し後の靭性も低下するため、Cの含有量を0.60%以下とする必要がある。焼入れ又は焼入れ焼戻し時の加熱条件の変動による硬度や靭性の低下を考慮すると、Cの含有量は、下限値が好ましくは0.32%であり、上限値が好ましくは0.58%である。
Siは、溶解精錬時における脱酸のために必要であるほか、焼入れ時の酸化スケール生成を抑制するのにも有用な元素である。また、Si含有量が低いと脱酸不十分となりやすく、炭化物が多くなり、そこが起点となって発錆する場合があり、耐食性が低下する。そのため、Siの含有量を0.05%以上とする必要がある。一方、Siはオーステナイト単相温度域を狭くし、焼入れ安定性を損なうため、Siの含有量を1.00%以下とする必要がある。Siによる上記の効果を安定して得る観点から、Si含有量は、下限値が好ましくは0.07%であり、上限値が好ましくは0.98%である。
Mnは、脱酸剤として添加される元素であるとともに、オーステナイト単相域を拡大し焼入れ性の向上に寄与する。Mnが十分に添加されないと、二相領域が拡大し、α相が増える。その結果、Cr炭窒化物も増え、その周りにCr欠乏層ができるため、発錆の起点となり易く、耐食性が低下する。そのため、Mnの含有量を0.05%以上とする必要がある。Mnによる上記の効果を安定して得る観点から、Mn含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.07%である。一方、必要以上のMnは耐食性を低下させ、焼入れ時の酸化スケールの生成を促進し、その後の研磨負荷などを増加させる。そのため、Mnの含有量を1.50%以下とする必要がある。MnSなどの粒化物に起因する耐食性の低下も考慮すると、1.45%以下が好ましい。
Pは原料である溶銑やフェロクロムなどの主原料中に不純物として含まれる元素である。熱延焼鈍板や焼入れ後の材料の靭性及び耐食性に対しては有害な元素である。そのため、Pの含有量を0.040%以下、好ましくは0.038%以下とする必要がある。一方、Pの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、過度な低減は高純度原料の使用を必須にするなどの問題が生じ、コストの増加に繋がるため、Pの含有量の下限値は0.010%が好ましい。
Sは、硫化物系介在物を形成し、鋼材の一般的な耐食性(全面腐食や孔食)を劣化させる。また、Sは、熱間加工性を低下させ、熱延板の耳割れ感受性を高める。そのため、Sの含有量は、0.030%以下、好ましくは0.025%以下とする必要がある。なお、Sの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、Sの含有量が少ないほど耐食性は良好となる一方で、脱硫負荷が増大し、製造コストが増大する。そのため、Sの含有量の下限値は0.001%が好ましい。
Crは、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材の主用途において必要とされる耐食性を保持するための元素である。そのため、Crの含有量を13.0%以上とする必要がある。一方、焼入れ後の残留オーステナイトの生成を抑制する観点から、Cr含有量を18.0%以下とする必要がある。Crによる上記の効果を安定して得る観点から、Crの含有量は、下限値が好ましくは13.1%であり、上限値が好ましくは17.8%である。
Niは、Mnと同様にオーステナイト安定化元素であり、焼入れ又は焼入れ焼戻し後の靭性を向上させる効果も有する。一方、Niを多量に含有させると、熱延焼鈍板において固溶強化によるプレス成形性の低下を招くおそれがあるとともに、高価な元素であるため製造コストが増大する。そのため、Niの含有量を0.30%以下とする必要がある。一方、Niは孔食の進展抑制に有効な元素である。Niによる上記の効果を安定して得る観点から、Niの含有量は、下限値が好ましくは0.02%であり、上限値が好ましくは0.27%である。
Moは、δフェライトを含むマルテンサイト組織の耐食性向上に有効な元素である。この効果を得る観点から、Moの含有量を0.01%以上とする必要がある。一方、Moはフェライト相の安定化元素であり、過度の添加は、オーステナイト単相温度域を狭くすることで焼入れ特性が損なわれる。そのため、Moの含有量を1.00%以下とする必要がある。Moによる上記の効果を安定して得る観点から、Moの含有量は、下限値が好ましくは0.02%であり、上限値が好ましくは0.50%、より好ましくは0.30%である。
Alは、脱酸元素として添加される他、耐酸化性を向上させる元素である。しかし、Alが多量に含まれると炭化物が大きくなり易い。そのため、Alの含有量は、0.030%以下、好ましくは0.025%以下、より好ましくは0.020%以下とする必要がある。一方、Alの含有量の下限は、特に限定されず、Alを含有していなくてもよい。ただし、Alによる上記効果を得る観点から、Alの下限値は0.001%が好ましい。ここで、AlはT.Alである。
Nは、Cと同様に、焼入れ又は焼入れ焼戻し後に所定の硬度(ビッカース硬さ)を得るために必須な元素である。特に、本発明の実施形態では、Cの含有量を低減しているため、その代わりとしてNを含有させる必要がある。また、Nは、固溶していると耐食性を向上させる効果もある。これらの効果を得る観点から、Nの含有量は0.010%以上とする必要がある。しかし、Nは、Cr窒化物を形成してCr欠乏層を生じる場合があり、その場合は耐食性を低下させる。また、Nを過剰に添加すると、製鋼段階での制御が難しく、気泡系欠陥が形成され易くなる。気泡系欠陥が形成されると、そこが発錆の起点となり易くなって耐食性を低下させるだけでなく、歩留まりの低下をもたらすことが危惧される。そのため、Nの含有量は、0.350%以下とする必要がある。Nによる上記の効果を安定して得る観点から、Nの含有量は、下限値が好ましくは0.020%、より好ましくは0.025%、更に好ましくは0.036%であり、上限値が好ましくは0.300%、より好ましくは0.290%である。
Caは製鋼段階で成分調整のために添加されるが、強力な脱酸材として作用し、脱酸を促進させる効果を持つ。しかし、Caは強力な脱酸元素であるため、ほとんどが介在物として溶鋼中で浮上し、鋼中にはほとんど残らない。しかしながら、Caを多量に添加すると、製鋼介在物にCaOが含まれ、これが発錆の起点となる可能性が高く、耐食性を低下させる。そのため、Caの含有量は、0.0030%以下とする必要があり、好ましくは0.0010%以下である。一方、微細な介在物までを除去することは不可能であることから、Caの含有量を0.0001%未満とするのは、製造工程上困難である。そのため、Caの含有量は、0.0001%以上とする。
介在物を低減するためには、Al、CaとともにOが重要な元素となる。Oを多量に添加すると、鋼中に残存する大きな介在物(特に、炭化物)の個数が増え、耐食性に悪影響を与える。そのため、Oの含有量は、0.010%以下とする必要がある。また、Oは、できるだけ低減するのが好ましいが、過度の低減はコスト上昇となるため、Oの含有量は、0.001%以上とする。コストと耐食性とのバランスの観点から、O含有量は、下限値が好ましくは0.002%であり、上限値が0.009%である。
C及びNは、上記のように、焼入れ又は焼入れ焼戻し後に所定の硬度(ビッカース硬さ)を得るために必須な元素である。発明の実施形態では、Cの含有量を低減する代わりとしてNを含有させており、Cは、当該硬度にNの2.5倍寄与する。そのため、所定の硬さを得る観点から、2.5C+Nは、1.10%以上、好ましくは1.25%以上とする必要がある。なお、2.5C+Nの上限値は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは1.80%、より好ましくは1.70%、更に好ましくは1.60%である。
Vは、微細な炭窒化物を形成し、耐食性の向上に寄与する元素であり、必要に応じて添加される。しかしながら、Vを過剰に添加すると、析出物の粗大化を招くおそれがあり、その結果、焼入れ後の靭性が低下してしまう。したがって、Vの含有量は、0.50%以下、好ましくは0.30%以下、より好ましくは0.20%以下である。なお、Vの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、Vは、合金原料に不可避的不純物として混入し、精錬工程における除去が困難であることもある。また、上記の効果を得る観点からは、Vの含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.01%、より好ましくは0.02%、更に好ましくは0.03%である。
Nbは、炭窒化物を形成し、Cr炭窒化物の析出による鋭敏化や耐食性の低下を抑制する元素であり、必要に応じて添加される。しかしながら、Nbを過剰に添加すると、マルテンサイト相を不安定にし、硬さが低下する。そのため、Nbの含有量は、0.30%以下、好ましくは0.28%以下、より好ましくは0.25%以下である。なお、Nbの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、上記の効果を得る観点から、好ましくは0.01%、より好ましくは0.05%である。
Tiは、炭窒化物を形成し、Cr炭窒化物の析出による鋭敏化や耐食性の低下を抑制する元素であり、必要に応じて添加される。しかしながら、Tiを過剰に添加すると、粗大なTiNが形成され、熱延疵の発生や靭性の低下につながる。そのため、Tiの含有量は、0.3%以下、好ましくは0.25%以下とする。なお、Tiの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、上記の効果を得る観点から、好ましくは0.01%、より好ましくは0.06%、更に好ましくは0.10%である。
Cuは、δフェライトを含むマルテンサイト組織の耐食性の向上に有効であるとともに、オーステナイト安定化元素として焼入れ性の向上にも寄与する元素であり、必要に応じて添加される。しかしながら、Cuの過剰な添加は、熱間加工性の低下や、原料コストの増加に繋がる。そのため、Cuの含有量は、4.0%以下、好ましくは3.8%以下、より好ましくは3.5%以下とする。なお、Cuの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、上記の効果を得る観点から、好ましくは1.0%、より好ましくは1.3%、更に好ましくは1.5%である。
Snは、焼入れ又は焼入れ焼戻し後の耐食性の向上に有効な元素であり、必要に応じて添加される。しかしながら、Snの過剰な添加は、熱延時の耳割れを促進させる。そのため、Sn含有量は、0.100%以下、好ましくは0.090%以下とする。なお、Snの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、上記の効果を得る観点から、好ましくは0.002%、好ましくは0.050%である。
Bは、熱間加工性の向上に有効な元素であり、必要に応じて添加される。しかしながら、Bの過剰な添加は、硼化物と炭化物の複合析出により焼入れ性を低下させるおそれがある。そのため、Bの含有量は、0.0050%以下、好ましくは0.0045%以下とする。なお、Bの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、上記の効果を得る観点から、好ましくは0.0002%である。
Coは、耐熱性を向上させる元素であり、必要に応じて添加される。ただし、Coは高価であるため、Coの含有量が多すぎると、製造コストの上昇につながる。そのため、Coの含有量は、0.30%以下、好ましくは0.10%以下、より好ましくは0.05%以下とする。なお、Coの含有量の下限値は、特に限定されないが、上記の効果を得る観点から、好ましくは0.01%である。
ここで、平均粒径を規定する炭化物は、鋳造時に生成する共晶炭化物、圧延工程時に生成する析出炭化物の両方を対象とする。
また、炭化物の平均粒径は、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材の断面をSEMにより観察し、観察視野において各炭化物の円相当直径を測定し、その平均値を求めることによって算出することができる。
ここで、数を規定する大きさ10μm以上の炭化物は、鋳造時に生成する共晶炭化物を主な対象とする。また、炭化物の大きさは、炭化物の(長径+短径)/2のことをいう。
また、大きさ10μm以上の炭化物の数は、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材の断面を光学顕微鏡観察して大きさ10μm以上の炭化物の数を求め、その数を測定領域の面積で除することによって算出することができる。
ここで、焼入れは、1000~1100℃で行われる。焼戻しは、100~400℃で行われる。焼入れ後には、-200~-50℃でサブゼロ処理を行うのが望ましい。
なお、硬度は、ビッカース硬度計を用い、室温(25℃)で測定された値を意味する。
T[℃]=6500/(4-log C[%])-273 ・・・ (1)
このような条件で熱処理を行うことにより、鋳造時に生成する共晶炭化物を完全に溶体化させることができるため、炭化物の平均粒径及び大きさ10μm以上の炭化物の数を上記の範囲に制御することが可能となる。
熱間圧延の後、熱延板は800℃~900℃の巻取温度で巻き取られる。巻き取られた熱延板はコイル状である。
ここで、Ac1点は、以下の式(2)によって算出される。
Ac1=-250C+73Si-66Mn-115Ni+35Cr+60Mo-18Cu+620Ti+750Al-280N+410 ・・・ (2)
式中、各元素記号は、各元素の質量%である。
なお、軟質化工程で得られた熱延焼鈍板は、必要に応じて酸洗してもよい。
冷間圧延の条件としては、特に限定されず、要求される冷延板に応じて適宜調整すればよい。
得られた冷延焼鈍板について、1000~1100℃に加熱して焼入れを行った後、表面を#80で表面研磨し、JIS表面硬度(焼入れ硬度)をビッカース硬度計で測定した。測定温度は、室温(25℃)とした。硬度は、500HV以上を合格とした。
得られた冷延焼鈍板について、1000~1100℃に加熱して焼入れを行った後、表面を#600で表面研磨し、JIS Z2371:2015「塩水噴霧試験方法」に準拠して塩水噴霧試験を24時間行い、錆面積率を測定した。この評価において、錆面積率が10%未満を合格(〇)とし、10%以上を不合格(×)とした。
得られた冷延焼鈍板の圧延方向及び板厚方向に平行な断面をSEMにより観察し、観察視野内に観測される炭化物のうち、円相当直径が0.10μmに満たない炭化物粒子及び観察視野から粒子の一部がはみ出している炭化物粒子を除く、全ての炭化物粒子を測定対象として円相当直径(μm)を測定し、測定対象の炭化物粒子の円相当直径の総和を測定対象の炭化物粒子の総個数で除した値を炭化物の平均粒径(μm)とした。ただし、無作為に選択した重複しない複数の観察視野により、測定対象の炭化物粒子の総個数を100個以上とした。炭化物粒子の円相当直径は、SEM画像を画像処理ソフトウエアにより画像処理して求めた炭化物粒子の面積から算出した。
得られた冷延焼鈍板の圧延方向及び板厚方向に平行な断面について、×50倍の光学顕微鏡を用いて50mm×50mmの領域を20か所ずつ目視観察して平均個数を求め、観察領域の面積で除することによって算出した。
得られた冷延焼鈍板を刃物形状に打ち抜いて鋼材を採取し、1000~1100℃加熱して焼入れを行った。次に、鋼材の表面を研磨し、さらに長手方向の1端面を湿式研磨することによって刃付けを行い、供試材(刃物)を得た。この刃付け加工時に、刃欠けが生じなかったものを合格(〇)とし、刃欠けが生じたものを不合格(×)とした。
加工性と同様の方法により、供試材(刃物)を得た。この供試材を目視にて外観観察し、刃表面に不規則模様が生じなかったものを合格(〇)とし、刃表面に不規則模様が生じたものを不合格(×)とした。
上記の各評価結果を表3に示す。
これに対して比較例1~14の冷延焼鈍板は、鋼組成、炭化物の平均粒径、大きさ10μm以上の炭化物の個数のいずれかが所定の範囲外であるため、焼入れ後の硬度又は耐食性が十分でなかった。特に、炭化物の平均粒径が大きく且つ大きさ10μm以上の炭化物の個数が多いものは、刃付け加工時に刃欠けが生じてしまったことから加工性が十分でなく、刃物表面の不規則模様も発生した。
Claims (8)
- 質量基準で、C:0.30~0.60%、Si:0.05~1.00%、Mn:0.05~1.50%、P:0.040%以下、S:0.030%以下、Cr:13.0~18.0%、Ni:0.01~0.30%、Mo:0.01~1.00%、Al:0.030%以下、N:0.010~0.350%、Ca:0.0001~0.0030%、O:0.001~0.010%を含み、2.5C+Nが1.10%以上であり、残部がFe及び不純物からなる組成を有し、
炭化物の平均粒径が0.50μm以下であり、
大きさ10μm以上の前記炭化物が、0.20個/cm2以下である、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材。 - 質量基準で、V:0.50%以下、Nb:0.30%以下、Ti:0.3%以下、Cu:4.0%以下、Sn:0.100%以下、B:0.0050%以下、Co:0.30%以下の1種以上を更に含む、請求項1に記載のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材。
- 焼入れ又は焼入れ焼戻し後の硬度が500HV以上である、請求項1又は2に記載のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材。
- 前記マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材が刃物用である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材。
- 質量基準で、C:0.30~0.60%、Si:0.05~1.00%、Mn:0.05~1.50%、P:0.040%以下、S:0.030%以下、Cr:13.0~18.0%、Ni:0.01~0.30%、Mo:0.01~1.00%、Al:0.030%以下、N:0.010~0.350%、Ca:0.0001~0.0030%、O:0.001~0.010%を含み、2.5C+Nが1.10%以上であり、残部がFe及び不純物からなる組成を有するスラブを式(1):
T[℃]=6500/(4-log C[%])-273 ・・・ (1)
で表されるT以上の温度で熱処理を1~5時間行った後に熱間圧延を行う熱間圧延工程を含む、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材の製造方法。 - 前記スラブは、質量基準で、V:0.50%以下、Nb:0.30%以下、Ti:0.3%以下、Cu:4.0%以下、Sn:0.100%以下、B:0.0050%以下、Co:0.30%以下の1種以上を更に含む、請求項5に記載のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材の製造方法。
- 前記熱間圧延工程において熱延板を800℃~900℃の巻取温度で巻き取った後、Ac1点~(Ac1点-50℃)の温度で焼鈍を1~5時間行う軟質化工程を更に含む、請求項5又は6に記載のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材の製造方法。
- 前記軟質化工程で得られた熱延焼鈍板を冷間圧延する冷間圧延工程と、
前記冷間圧延工程で得られた冷延板を、100℃からAc1点~(Ac1点-50℃)までの温度域において50℃/秒以上の昇温速度で加熱する焼鈍工程と
を更に含む、請求項7に記載のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材の製造方法。
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| WO2025215886A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-08 | 2025-10-16 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼材及びその製造方法、並びにマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼の焼入れ又は焼入れ焼戻し材 |
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