WO2022158672A1 - 리튬 전이 금속 산화물, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 전이 금속 산화물, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium transition metal oxide, a cathode additive for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.
- a positive electrode active material of 80% or more Ni is applied to the positive electrode of a lithium secondary battery as a positive electrode material
- a metal or metal-based negative active material such as SiO, Si or SiC is applied to the negative electrode as a carbon-based negative active material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite Techniques to be applied together have been proposed.
- a metal and metal oxide-based negative active material enables the expression of a higher capacity than a carbon-based negative active material.
- metals and metal oxides are added to the negative electrode, an irreversible reaction occurs during initial charge and discharge, so that the loss of lithium is greater than when a carbon-based negative electrode active material is applied. Therefore, when a negative active material based on metal and metal oxide is applied, the amount of lithium lost increases as the capacity of the battery increases, resulting in a large decrease in the initial capacity.
- the lithiated anode is very unstable in the atmosphere, and the electrochemical lithiation method is difficult to scale-up the process.
- a material suitable for preliminary lithiation of a battery in the positive electrode should have an irreversible characteristic that lithium is desorbed at least twice as much as the conventional positive electrode material during the first charge, and does not react with lithium during subsequent discharge. Additives satisfying these conditions are called sacrificial positive electrode materials.
- a formation process of first performing a charge/discharge operation is performed.
- an SEI layer formation reaction occurs on the cathode, and gas is generated due to the decomposition of the electrolyte.
- the sacrificial cathode material reacts with the electrolyte while releasing lithium and decomposing, and gases such as N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 generated in the process are recovered through the gas pocket removal process.
- over-lithiated positive electrode materials which are lithium-rich metal oxides
- over-lithiated positive electrode materials anti-fluorite structures such as Li 6 CoO 4 , Li 5 FeO 4 and Li 6 MnO 4 are well known. Their theoretical capacity is 977 mAh/g for Li 6 CoO 4 , 867 mAh/g for Li 5 FeO 4 , and 1001 mAh/g for Li 6 MnO 4 , which has sufficient capacity to be used as a sacrificial cathode material.
- Li 6 CoO 4 has the best electrical conductivity and has good electrochemical properties for use as a sacrificial cathode material.
- Li 6 CoO 4 is desorbed and decomposed step by step in the formation process, and the crystal phase is collapsed, and in this process, O 2 gas is inevitably generated.
- Li 6 CoO 4 should not generate additional gas during the charge/discharge cycle after the formation process. If gas is continuously generated during charging and discharging, the pressure inside the battery increases, the distance between the electrodes increases, and the battery capacity and energy density may decrease. In severe cases, the battery cannot withstand the pressure and may explode, resulting in an explosion.
- Patent Document 1 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2013-0079109 (2013.07.10)
- Patent Document 2 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0066048 (2020.06.09)
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lithium transition metal oxide capable of suppressing a side reaction with an electrolyte to alleviate gas generation in a positive electrode of a lithium secondary battery.
- the present invention is to provide a method for producing the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the present invention is to provide a positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery comprising the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the present invention is to provide a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery including the transition metal oxide.
- the present invention is to provide a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery.
- the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode for the secondary battery.
- a lithium cobalt oxide containing a heterogeneous element comprising:
- the heterogeneous element is a 4th period transition metal; and at least one selected from the group consisting of a group 2 element, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a 5th period transition metal, and a 6th period transition metal,
- a lithium transition metal oxide is provided.
- a first step of solid-state mixing lithium oxide, cobalt oxide, and hetero-element oxide A first step of solid-state mixing lithium oxide, cobalt oxide, and hetero-element oxide.
- the second step of obtaining the lithium transition metal oxide by calcining the mixture obtained in the first step under an inert atmosphere and a temperature of 550 °C to 750 °C
- a positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery comprising the lithium transition metal oxide.
- a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising a positive active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the lithium transition metal oxide.
- a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery.
- a positive electrode for the lithium secondary battery cathode; separator; and an electrolyte, a lithium secondary battery is provided.
- the lithium transition metal oxide the method for preparing the lithium transition metal oxide, the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery, the positive electrode for the lithium secondary battery, and the lithium secondary battery according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail.
- the term “positive electrode additive” refers to a material having an irreversible characteristic that lithium is desorbed at least twice as much as that of a conventional positive electrode material during initial charging of a battery and does not react with lithium during subsequent discharge.
- the positive electrode additive may be referred to as sacrificial positive electrode materials. Since the positive electrode additive compensates for the loss of lithium, as a result, the capacity of the battery is restored by restoring the lost capacity of the battery, and the capacity of the battery is increased. can be improved
- the term “stabilization of the crystalline phase” refers to suppressing oxidation of amorphous CoO 2 that occurs after initial charging of a lithium secondary battery including a lithium cobalt oxide-based positive electrode additive into which a heterogeneous element is introduced. By suppressing oxidation of the amorphous CoO 2 , a side reaction between CoO 2 and the electrolyte may be prevented, thereby suppressing the generation of gas.
- a lithium cobalt oxide containing a heterogeneous element comprising:
- the heterogeneous element is a 4th period transition metal; and at least one selected from the group consisting of a group 2 element, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a 5th period transition metal, and a 6th period transition metal,
- a lithium transition metal oxide is provided.
- lithium transition metal oxide satisfying the composition and particle size distribution as described above minimizes side reactions with the electrolyte, thereby suppressing gas generation at the positive electrode during charging and discharging of a lithium secondary battery, and excellent battery performance It has been confirmed that it is possible to secure This is expected as the heterogeneous elements of the composition are introduced into the lithium transition metal oxide and the particle size distribution is satisfied, thereby maintaining a more stable crystal phase and minimizing the decrease in the initial charge capacity. Accordingly, the lithium transition metal oxide enables the improvement of safety and lifespan characteristics of a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium transition metal oxide includes two or more heterogeneous elements satisfying the above composition, it is possible to stabilize the crystal phase compared to lithium cobalt oxide such as Li 6 CoO 4 .
- the stabilization of the crystalline phase means suppressing oxidation of amorphous CoO 2 formed after the initial charging of the lithium secondary battery including the lithium cobalt oxide.
- Li 6 CoO 4 is initially oxidized to Co 2+ cations to Co 4+ cations, and then O 2 -anions are oxidized to generate gas.
- the charge is completed, it becomes a composition of CoO 2 (Co 4+ ), which does not show crystallinity in the composition, so that no pattern is observed.
- an effect of lowering the average oxidation number of Co 4+ cations can be expected by introducing a heterogeneous element capable of having a fixed oxidation number during charging and discharging of the battery. Accordingly, oxidation of Co 4+ cations may be suppressed, and generation of gas due to the side reaction may be suppressed.
- the introduction amount of the heterogeneous element capable of having a fixed oxidation number increases during charging and discharging of the battery, the initial charging capacity may relatively decrease and the electrical conductivity may tend to decrease. Therefore, by introducing a four-period transition metal as the main element of the heterogeneous element, but also introducing a sub element capable of supplementing the electrochemical properties of the main element, it is possible to secure excellent battery performance while expressing the crystal phase stabilization effect. It may be possible.
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a composition introduced by alloying or doping two or more heterogeneous elements in Li 6 CoO 4 .
- the heterogeneous element means that the heterogeneous element is introduced in an amount of 10 mol% or more based on the entire metal element excluding lithium among lithium transition metal oxides.
- the “doping” means that the heterogeneous element is introduced in less than 10 mol% based on the entire metal element except lithium among lithium transition metal oxides.
- the lithium transition metal compound includes a 4th period transition metal as a main element among the heterogeneous elements.
- the lithium transition metal compound includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of a Group 2 element, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a 5th period transition metal, and a 6th period transition metal as a sub-element among the heterogeneous elements.
- the 4-period transition metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.
- the Group 2 element includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; the group 13 element includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and In; the group 14 element includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, and Sn; the 5-period transition metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, and Cd; The 6-period transition metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au.
- Zn which is a 4th period transition metal
- the sub-element may include at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, and W.
- Zn, Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, and W are well substituted for Co sites in the lattice structure of anti-fluorite, which is a crystal phase of Li 6 CoO 4 , but their oxidation numbers do not change.
- Zn has a Li 6 ZnO 4 crystal phase
- an alloy with Li 6 CoO 4 can be easily formed, and its oxidation number does not change at 2+, it can effectively suppress the oxidation of Co 4+ cations after initial charge.
- the heterogeneous element may be selected in consideration of whether it can exist in the anti-fluorite lattice structure of lithium cobalt oxide and whether it has a fixed oxidation number during charging and discharging of the battery.
- Zn has a Li 6 ZnO 4 crystal phase
- an alloy with Li 6 CoO 4 can be easily formed, and since the oxidation number does not change from 2+, after the initial charge, the amount of Co 4+ cations Oxidation can be effectively suppressed.
- an anti-fluorite lattice structure may be formed.
- Mn has a plurality of oxidation numbers of 2+, 3+, 4+, and 7+
- Fe has a plurality of oxidation numbers of 2+ and 3+.
- CoO, MnO, Fe 2 O 3 , etc. which are the raw materials of the lithium cobalt oxide, are mixed and calcined
- Mn or Fe is oxidized and Co 2+ cations are reduced to reduce the single crystalline anti-fluorite lattice structure, but Co 0 , that is, a Co metal may be produced.
- the heterogeneous element may be included in an amount of 5 mol% to 80 mol% based on the entire metal element except lithium.
- the content of the heterogeneous element is preferably 5 mol% or more based on the entire metal element excluding lithium.
- the content of the heterogeneous element is preferably 80 mol% or less based on the entire metal element except lithium.
- the content of the heterogeneous element is 5 mol% or more, or 10 mol% or more, or 15 mol% or more, based on the total metal element except lithium; and 80 mol% or less, or 70 mol% or less, or 60 mol% or less.
- the content of the heterogeneous element is from 10 mol% to 80 mol%, or from 10 mol% to 70 mol%, or from 15 mol% to 70 mol%, or from 15 mol% to the total metal element except lithium. 60 mole %.
- the content ratio of one or more selected elements can be determined.
- the 4th period transition metal among the heterogeneous elements may be included in an amount of 10 mol% to 70 mol% based on the entire metal element excluding lithium in the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the content of the 4th period transition metal in the lithium transition metal oxide is preferably 10 mol% or more based on the entire metal element excluding lithium.
- the content of the 4th period transition metal in the lithium transition metal oxide is preferably 70 mol% or less based on the entire metal element except lithium.
- the content of the 4th period transition metal in the lithium transition metal oxide is 10 mol% or more, or 15 mol% or more, or 20 mol% or more, based on all metal elements excluding lithium; and 70 mol% or less, or 50 mol% or less, or 30 mol% or less.
- the content of the 4th period transition metal in the lithium transition metal oxide is 10 mol% to 70 mol%, or 15 mol% to 70 mol%, or 15 mol% to 50 mol% based on the total metal element except lithium. %, or from 20 mol% to 50 mol%, or from 20 mol% to 30 mol%.
- the stabilizing effect of the crystalline phase of the lithium transition metal oxide may be expected to be proportional to the content of the heterogeneous element.
- the initial charge capacity may relatively decrease and the electrical conductivity may tend to decrease.
- the content of the sub-element among the heterogeneous elements is preferably 1 mol% or more based on the total amount of the metal element excluding lithium.
- the content of the sub-element in the lithium transition metal oxide is preferably 20 mol% or less based on the entire metal element except lithium.
- the content of the sub-element in the lithium transition metal oxide is 1 mol% or more, or 2 mol% or more, or 3 mol% or more, based on the entire metal element except lithium; and 20 mol% or less, or 17 mol% or less, or 15 mol% or less.
- the content of the sub-element in the lithium transition metal oxide is 1 mol% to 20 mol%, or 2 mol% to 20 mol%, or 2 mol% to 17 mol% based on the entire metal element except lithium. , or 3 mol% to 17 mol%, or 3 mol% to 15 mol%.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:
- M is a group 2 element, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a 5th period transition metal, or a 6th period transition metal,
- x is 0.1 to 0.7
- y 0.01 to 0.2.
- M in Formula 1 may be at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, and W.
- x is 0.1 to 0.7, and y is 0.01 to 0.2.
- x is 0.1 or more, or 0.15 or more, or 0.2 or more; and 0.7 or less, or 0.5 or less, or 0.3 or less.
- x may be 0.1 to 0.7, or 0.15 to 0.7, or 0.15 to 0.5, or 0.2 to 0.5, or 0.2 to 0.3.
- y is 0.01 or more, or 0.02 or more, or 0.03 or more; and 0.2 or less, or 0.17 or less, or 0.15 or less.
- y may be 0.01 to 0.2, or 0.02 to 0.2, or 0.02 to 0.17, or 0.03 to 0.17, or 0.03 to 0.15.
- the x+y value is 0.05 or more, or 0.10 or more, or 0.15 or more, or 0.20 or more; and 0.80 or less, or 0.70 or less, or 0.60 or less, or 0.50 or less.
- the x+y value in Formula 1 is preferably 0.05 or more, or 0.10 or more, or 0.15 or more, or 0.20 or more.
- the x+y value is preferably 0.80 or less, or 0.70 or less, or 0.60 or less, or 0.50 or less.
- the x+y value may be 0.05 to 0.80, or 0.10 to 0.80, or 0.15 to 0.80, or 0.15 to 0.70, or 0.15 to 0.60, or 0.20 to 0.60, or 0.20 to 0.50.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Al 0.03 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.76 Zn 0.2 Al 0.04 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.75 Zn 0.2 Al 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Al 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.65 Zn 0.25 Al 0.1 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.67 Zn 0.3 Al 0.03 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.66 Zn 0.3 Al 0.04 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.65 Zn 0.3 Al 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.6 Zn 0.3 Al 0.1 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.03 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.76 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.04 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.75 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Mg 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.67 Zn 0.3 Mg 0.03 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.66 Zn 0.3 Mg 0.04 O 4 , Li 6
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a cumulative 50% particle diameter (D50) of 10.0 ⁇ m to 25.0 ⁇ m by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement, and a maximum particle diameter (D max ) and a minimum particle diameter (D min ) of 10.0 to 60.0. It has a ratio (D max /D min ).
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a cumulative 5% particle diameter (D5) of 3.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m and a cumulative 95% particle diameter (D95) of 20.0 ⁇ m to 45.0 ⁇ m by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- the laser diffraction and scattering particle size distribution measurement is a method of obtaining a particle size distribution from a diffraction image obtained by dispersing the lithium transition metal oxide in a dispersion medium, irradiating laser light thereto, and condensing the generated scattered light (forward scattered light).
- the laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measurement is relatively simple, rapid, and can obtain a particle size distribution with excellent measurement accuracy.
- the cumulative 50% particle size means a particle size from the smallest particle size measured using a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution analyzer to a cumulative 50% particle size based on mass.
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a cumulative 50% particle diameter (D50) of 10.0 ⁇ m to 25.0 ⁇ m.
- the D50 value is preferably 10.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the D50 value is preferably 25.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 10.0 ⁇ m or more, or 10.5 ⁇ m or more, or 11.0 ⁇ m or more, or 11.5 ⁇ m or more;
- the D50 value may be 25.0 ⁇ m or less, or 24.0 ⁇ m or less, or 23.0 ⁇ m or less, or 22.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 10.5 ⁇ m to 25.0 ⁇ m, or 10.5 ⁇ m to 24.0 ⁇ m, or 11.0 ⁇ m to 24.0 ⁇ m, or 11.0 ⁇ m to 23.0 ⁇ m, or 11.5 ⁇ m to 23.0 ⁇ m, or 11.5 ⁇ m to 22.0 ⁇ m may have the D50 value of .
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a ratio (D max /D min ) of a maximum particle diameter (D max ) to a minimum particle diameter (D min ) of 10.0 to 60.0.
- the D max /D min value may be smaller.
- the D max /D min value is preferably 10.0 or more.
- the D max /D min value is preferably 60.0 or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 10.0 or more, or 11.0 or more, or 12.0 or more, or 13.0 or more, or 14.0 or more, or 15.0 or more;
- the D max /D min value may be 60.0 or less, or 59.0 or less, or 58.0 or less, or 57.0 or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 11.0 to 60.0, or 11.0 to 59.0, or 12.0 to 59.0, or 12.0 to 58.0, or 13.0 to 58.0, or 13.0 to 57.0, or 14.0 to 57.0, or 15.0 to 57.0. It may have a value of D max /D min .
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a maximum particle diameter (D max ) of 30.0 ⁇ m to 90.0 ⁇ m and a minimum particle diameter (D min ) of 1.0 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 30.0 ⁇ m or more, or 32.0 ⁇ m or more, or 34.0 ⁇ m or more, or 36.0 ⁇ m or more, or 38.0 ⁇ m or more;
- the D max value may be 90.0 ⁇ m or less, or 89.5 ⁇ m or less, or 89.0 ⁇ m or less, or 88.5 ⁇ m or less, or 88.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 32.0 ⁇ m to 90.0 ⁇ m, or 32.0 ⁇ m to 89.5 ⁇ m, or 34.0 ⁇ m to 89.5 ⁇ m, or 34.0 ⁇ m to 89.0 ⁇ m, or 36.0 ⁇ m to 89.0 ⁇ m, or 36.0 ⁇ m to 88.5 ⁇ m , or 38.0 ⁇ m to 88.5 ⁇ m, or 38.0 ⁇ m to 88.0 ⁇ m, may have the D max value.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 1.0 ⁇ m or more, or 1.1 ⁇ m or more, or 1.2 ⁇ m or more;
- the D min value may be 5.0 ⁇ m or less, or 4.5 ⁇ m or less, or 4.0 ⁇ m or less, or 3.5 ⁇ m or less, or 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 1.0 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m, or 1.1 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m, or 1.1 ⁇ m to 4.0 ⁇ m, or 1.1 ⁇ m to 3.5 ⁇ m, or 1.2 ⁇ m to 3.5 ⁇ m, or 1.2 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m. It may have the above D min value.
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a cumulative 5% particle diameter (D5) of 3.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m and a cumulative 95% particle diameter (D95) of 20.0 ⁇ m to 45.0 ⁇ m.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 3.0 ⁇ m or more, or 3.5 ⁇ m or more, or 4.0 ⁇ m or more, or 4.5 ⁇ m or more, or 5.0 ⁇ m or more;
- the D5 value may be 10.0 ⁇ m or less, or 9.9 ⁇ m or less, or 9.8 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is from 3.5 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m, or from 4.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m, or from 4.0 ⁇ m to 9.9 ⁇ m, or from 4.5 ⁇ m to 9.9 ⁇ m, or from 4.5 ⁇ m to 9.8 ⁇ m, or from 5.0 ⁇ m to 9.8 ⁇ m. It may have the above D5 value.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is 20.0 ⁇ m or more, or 20.5 ⁇ m or more, or 21.0 ⁇ m or more; And it may have the D95 value of 45.0 ⁇ m or less, or 44.0 ⁇ m or less, or 43.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may have a D95 value of 20.5 ⁇ m to 45.0 ⁇ m, or 20.5 ⁇ m to 44.0 ⁇ m, or 21.0 ⁇ m to 44.0 ⁇ m, or 21.0 ⁇ m to 43.0 ⁇ m.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may have the D max value of 30.0 ⁇ m to 70.0 ⁇ m and the D max /D min value of 10.0 to 30.0.
- the lithium transition metal oxide satisfying the D max value and the D max /D min value may be a compound in which M in Formula 1 is a group 13 element, preferably Al.
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a characteristic of irreversibly releasing lithium during charging and discharging of a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium transition metal oxide suppresses a side reaction with the electrolyte, thereby improving safety and lifespan characteristics of a lithium secondary battery.
- a first step of solid-state mixing lithium oxide, cobalt oxide, and hetero-element oxide A first step of solid-state mixing lithium oxide, cobalt oxide, and hetero-element oxide.
- a second step of obtaining the lithium transition metal oxide by calcining the mixture obtained in the first step under an inert atmosphere and a temperature of 550 °C to 750 °C
- a raw material mixture including lithium oxide, cobalt oxide and hetero-element oxide is prepared.
- lithium oxide an oxide containing lithium such as Li 2 O may be used without particular limitation.
- cobalt oxide an oxide containing cobalt such as CoO may be used without particular limitation.
- Lithium Transition Metal Oxide is replaced with the content described in the section.
- hetero-element oxide examples include a 4-period transition metal oxide; and an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of a Group 2 element, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a 5th period transition metal, and a 6th period transition metal.
- a Group 2 element a Group 13 element
- a Group 14 element a 5th period transition metal
- a 6th period transition metal a 6th period transition metal.
- the heterogeneous element oxide an oxide including the heterogeneous element such as ZnO, Mg, Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , and WO 3 may be used without particular limitation. .
- the raw material mixture is the "I.
- Lithium transition metal oxide is prepared by solid-state mixing of the lithium oxide, the cobalt oxide, and the heterogeneous element oxide to meet the stoichiometric ratio described in '.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is obtained by calcining the raw material mixture obtained in the first step under an inert atmosphere and a temperature of 550 °C to 750 °C.
- the second step may be performed under an inert atmosphere formed using an inert gas such as Ar, N 2 , Ne, and He.
- an inert gas such as Ar, N 2 , Ne, and He.
- the second step it is preferable to heat the mixture obtained in the first step at a temperature increase rate of 1.4 °C/min to 2.0 °C/min in an inert atmosphere to reach the sintering temperature.
- the temperature increase rate is 1.4 °C/min or more.
- the temperature increase rate is 2.0 °C/min or less.
- the temperature increase rate is 1.40 °C/min or more, or 1.45 °C/min or more, or 1.50 °C/min or more; and less than or equal to 2.00 °C/min, or less than or equal to 1.95 °C/min, or less than or equal to 1.90 °C/min.
- the temperature increase rate is 1.40 °C/min to 2.00 °C/min, or 1.45 °C/min to 2.00 °C/min, or 1.45 °C/min to 1.95 °C/min, or 1.50 °C /min to 1.95 °C/min, or 1.50 °C/min to 1.90 °C/min.
- the calcination may be performed under a temperature of 550 °C to 750 °C.
- the firing temperature is preferably 550 °C or higher.
- the firing temperature is preferably 750 °C or less.
- the firing temperature is 550 °C or more, or 580 °C or more, or 600 °C or more; and below 750 °C, or below 720 °C, or below 700 °C.
- the firing temperature may be 580 °C to 750 °C, or 580 °C to 720 °C, or 600 °C to 720 °C, or 600 °C to 700 °C.
- the calcination may be performed for 2 hours to 20 hours under the calcination temperature.
- the sintering time may be adjusted in consideration of the time it takes for a heterogeneous element to be introduced into the lithium cobalt oxide in the form of an alloy or doping to stabilize the crystal.
- the firing time is 2 hours or more, or 3 hours or more, or 4 hours or more; and 20 hours or less, or 19 hours or less, or 18 hours or less.
- the firing time may be 3 hours to 20 hours, or 3 hours to 19 hours, or 4 hours to 19 hours, or 4 hours to 18 hours.
- the lithium transition metal oxide obtained in the second step has a cumulative 50% particle diameter (D50) of 10.0 ⁇ m to 25.0 ⁇ m by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement, and a maximum particle diameter (D max ) and a minimum particle diameter (D max ) of 10.0 to 60.0 ( D min ) may have a ratio (D max /D min ). If necessary, pulverizing and classifying the lithium transition metal oxide may be performed so that the lithium transition metal oxide falls within the range of the D50 value.
- washing and drying the compound represented by Formula 1 obtained in the second step may be performed.
- the washing process may be performed by mixing and stirring the compound of Formula 1 and the washing solution in a weight ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 10. Distilled water, ammonia water, etc. may be used as the washing liquid.
- the drying may be performed by heat treatment at a temperature of 100 °C to 200 °C or 100 °C to 180 °C for 1 hour to 10 hours.
- a positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery comprising the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may minimize a side reaction with the electrolyte to suppress gas generation at the positive electrode during charging and discharging of the lithium secondary battery. Therefore, the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery including the lithium transition metal oxide enables the improvement of safety and lifespan characteristics of the lithium secondary battery.
- the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery including the lithium transition metal oxide has a characteristic of irreversibly releasing lithium during charging and discharging of the lithium secondary battery. Therefore, the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery may be included in the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery to serve as a sacrificial positive electrode material for preliminary lithiation.
- Lithium Transition Metal Oxide is replaced with the content described in the section.
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a composition introduced by alloying or doping two or more heterogeneous elements in Li 6 CoO 4 .
- the lithium transition metal compound includes a 4th period transition metal as a main element among the heterogeneous elements.
- the lithium transition metal compound includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of a Group 2 element, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a 5th period transition metal, and a 6th period transition metal as a sub-element among the heterogeneous elements.
- the 4-period transition metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.
- the Group 2 element includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; the group 13 element includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and In; the group 14 element includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, and Sn; the 5-period transition metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, and Cd; The 6-period transition metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au.
- Zn which is a 4th period transition metal
- the sub-element may include at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, and W.
- the heterogeneous element may be included in an amount of 5 mol% to 80 mol% based on the entire metal element except lithium.
- the 4th period transition metal may be included in an amount of 10 mol% to 70 mol% based on the total amount of metal elements excluding lithium in the lithium transition metal oxide.
- One or more heterogeneous elements selected from the group consisting of a group 2 element, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a 5th period transition metal, and a 6th period transition metal among the heteroelements include all metal elements except lithium in the lithium transition metal oxide. It may be included in an amount of 1 mol% to 20 mol% as a basis.
- the lithium transition metal oxide may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:
- M is a group 2 element, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a 5th period transition metal, or a 6th period transition metal,
- x is 0.1 to 0.7
- y 0.01 to 0.2.
- M in Formula 1 may be at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, and W.
- the lithium transition metal oxide is Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Al 0.03 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.76 Zn 0.2 Al 0.04 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.75 Zn 0.2 Al 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Al 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.65 Zn 0.25 Al 0.1 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.67 Zn 0.3 Al 0.03 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.66 Zn 0.3 Al 0.04 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.65 Zn 0.3 Al 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.6 Zn 0.3 Al 0.1 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.03 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.76 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.04 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.75 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Mg 0.05 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.67 Zn 0.3 Mg 0.03 O 4 , Li 6 Co 0.66 Zn 0.3 Mg 0.04 O 4 , Li 6
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a cumulative 50% particle diameter (D50) of 10.0 ⁇ m to 25.0 ⁇ m by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement, and a maximum particle diameter (D max ) and minimum particle diameter (D min ) of 10.0 to 60.0 ( D max /D min ).
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a maximum particle diameter (D max ) of 30.0 ⁇ m to 90.0 ⁇ m and a minimum particle diameter (D min ) of 1.0 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- the lithium transition metal oxide has a cumulative 5% particle diameter (D5) of 3.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m and a cumulative 95% particle diameter (D95) of 20.0 ⁇ m to 45.0 ⁇ m by laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery is provided.
- the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery may include a positive active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery may include a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium transition metal oxide and the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery have a characteristic of irreversibly releasing lithium during charging and discharging of a lithium secondary battery. Therefore, the lithium transition metal oxide and the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery may be included in a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery to serve as a sacrificial positive electrode material for prelithiation.
- the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode material including a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, the sacrificial positive electrode material, and a binder; And, it includes a current collector for supporting the positive electrode material.
- the sacrificial cathode material is the lithium transition metal oxide or the cathode additive for a lithium secondary battery.
- the sacrificial cathode material refer to the above ⁇ I. Lithium Transition Metal Oxide” and “III. Additives for Cathode Additives for Lithium Secondary Batteries”
- the ratio of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode should be increased further as the battery goes to a high-capacity battery, and accordingly, the amount of lithium consumed in the SEI layer also increases. Therefore, after calculating the amount of lithium consumed in the SEI layer of the negative electrode, the design capacity of the battery can be determined by inversely calculating the amount of sacrificial positive electrode to be applied to the positive electrode.
- the sacrificial cathode material may be included in an amount of greater than 0 wt% and less than or equal to 15 wt% based on the total weight of the cathode material.
- the content of the sacrificial cathode material is preferably greater than 0 wt% based on the total weight of the cathode material.
- the content of the sacrificial cathode material is preferably 15% by weight or less based on the total weight of the cathode material.
- the content of the sacrificial cathode material is greater than 0 wt%, or 0.5 wt% or more, or 1 wt% or more, or 2 wt% or more, or 3 wt% or more, based on the total weight of the cathode material; And, it may be 15 wt% or less, or 12 wt% or less, or 10 wt% or less.
- the content of the sacrificial cathode material is 0.5 wt% to 15 wt%, or 1 wt% to 15 wt%, or 1 wt% to 12 wt%, or 2 wt% to 12 wt%, based on the total weight of the cathode material , or 2 wt% to 10 wt%, or 3 wt% to 10 wt%.
- cathode active material compounds known to be applicable to lithium secondary batteries in the art to which the present invention pertains may be used without particular limitation.
- One or a mixture of two or more of the above-described examples may be used as the cathode active material.
- the cathode active material may be included in an amount of 80 wt% to 95 wt% based on the total weight of the cathode material.
- the content of the positive active material is 80% by weight or more, or 82% by weight or more, or 85% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the positive electrode material; And, it may be 95 wt% or less, or 93 wt% or less, or 90 wt% or less.
- the content of the cathode active material is 82 wt% to 95 wt%, or 82 wt% to 93 wt%, or 85 wt% to 93 wt%, or 85 wt% to 90 wt%, based on the total weight of the cathode material can be
- the conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode.
- the conductive material may be used without any particular limitation as long as it has electronic conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
- the conductive material may include a carbon-based material such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or a conductive polymer such as a polyphenylene derivative.
- the conductive material one or a mixture of two or more of the above-described examples may be used.
- the content of the conductive material may be adjusted in a range that does not cause a decrease in the capacity of the battery while expressing an appropriate level of conductivity.
- the content of the conductive material may be 1 wt% to 10 wt% or 1 wt% to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the cathode material.
- the binder is used to adhere the positive electrode material well to the current collector.
- the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVdF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile (polyacrylonitrile), carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, and the like.
- the binder one or a mixture of two or more of the above-described examples may be used.
- the content of the binder may be adjusted in a range that does not cause a decrease in the capacity of the battery while expressing an appropriate level of adhesiveness.
- the content of the binder may be 1 wt% to 10 wt% or 1 wt% to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the positive electrode material.
- the current collector a material known to be applicable to the positive electrode of a lithium secondary battery in the art to which the present invention pertains may be used without particular limitation.
- the current collector may include stainless steel; aluminum; nickel; titanium; calcined carbon; Alternatively, aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. may be used.
- the current collector may have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the current collector may have fine irregularities formed on its surface.
- the current collector may have various forms, such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam body, a nonwoven body, and the like.
- the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery may be formed by stacking a positive electrode material including the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, the sacrificial positive electrode material, and a binder on the current collector.
- a positive electrode for the lithium secondary battery cathode; separator; and an electrolyte, a lithium secondary battery is provided.
- the lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode including the lithium transition metal oxide or a positive electrode additive for the lithium secondary battery. Accordingly, the lithium secondary battery may suppress gas generation at the positive electrode of the charge/discharge battery, and may exhibit improved safety and lifespan characteristics. In addition, the lithium secondary battery may exhibit a high discharge capacity, excellent output characteristics, and a capacity retention rate.
- the lithium secondary battery may be used in portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, tablet computers, mobile batteries, and digital cameras; And it can be used as an energy source having improved performance and safety in the field of transportation means such as electric vehicles, electric motorcycles, and personal mobility devices.
- the lithium secondary battery may include an electrode assembly wound with a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a case in which the electrode assembly is embedded.
- the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator may be impregnated with an electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery may have various shapes, such as a prismatic shape, a cylindrical shape, and a pouch shape.
- the negative electrode may include an anode material including an anode active material, a conductive material, and a binder; And it may include a current collector for supporting the negative electrode material.
- the negative active material includes a material capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, lithium metal, an alloy of lithium metal, a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium, and a transition metal oxide. may include
- Examples of the material capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating the lithium ions include crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a mixture thereof as a carbonaceous material.
- the carbonaceous material is natural graphite, artificial graphite, Kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, mesophase pitches, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber (mesophase pitch based carbon fiber), carbon microbeads, petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes, soft carbon, hard carbon, and the like.
- the lithium metal alloy includes Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al, Sn, Bi, Ga, and Cd. It may be an alloy of a metal and lithium selected from the group consisting of.
- the material capable of doping and dedoping lithium is Si, Si-C composite, SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Si-Q alloy (wherein Q is alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, group 13 element, group 14 element, group 15 an element selected from the group consisting of an element, a group 16 element, a transition metal, a rare earth element, and a combination thereof; except for Si), Sn, SnO 2 , a Sn-R alloy (wherein R is an alkali metal, an alkali It is an element selected from the group consisting of an earth metal, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a Group 15 element, a Group 16 element, a transition metal, a rare earth element, and a combination thereof; however, Sn is excluded.) and the like.
- Q and R are Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe , Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Tl, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S , Se, Te, Po, or the like.
- transition metal oxide may be vanadium oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, lithium titanium oxide, or the like.
- the negative electrode may include at least one negative electrode active material selected from the group consisting of a carbonaceous material and a silicon compound.
- the carbonaceous material is, as exemplified above, natural graphite, artificial graphite, quiche graphite, pyrolytic carbon, mesophase pitch, mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber, carbon microspheres, petroleum or coal-based coke, softened carbon, and hardened carbon It is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of.
- the silicon compound is a compound containing Si exemplified above, that is, Si, a Si-C composite, SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), the Si-Q alloy, a mixture thereof, or at least one of these and SiO It may be a mixture of 2 .
- the negative active material may be included in an amount of 85% to 98% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode material.
- the content of the negative active material is 85% by weight or more, or 87% by weight or more, or 90% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the negative electrode material; And, it may be 98 wt% or less, or 97 wt% or less, or 95 wt% or less.
- the content of the negative active material is 85% to 97% by weight, or 87% to 97% by weight, or 87% to 95% by weight, or 90% to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the negative electrode material can be
- the “IV. Anode for Lithium Secondary Battery” is replaced with the content described in the section.
- the separator separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move.
- the separator may be used without particular limitation as long as it is known in the art to which the present invention pertains to a separator of a lithium secondary battery. It is preferable that the separator has excellent wettability to the electrolyte while having low resistance to ion movement of the electrolyte.
- the separator may be a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin-based polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-methacrylate copolymer, and the like.
- the separator may be a multilayer film in which the porous polymer film is laminated in two or more layers.
- the separator may be a nonwoven fabric including glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like.
- the separator may be coated with a ceramic component or a polymer material in order to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength.
- the electrolyte may be used without any particular limitation as long as it is known in the art to which the present invention is applicable to a lithium secondary battery.
- the electrolyte may be an organic liquid electrolyte, an inorganic liquid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, a solid inorganic electrolyte, or a molten inorganic electrolyte.
- the electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent may include ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvents such as benzene, and fluorobenzene; dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and carbonate-based solvents such as propylene carbonate (PC); alcohol solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a C2 to C20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group, which may include a double bond aromatic ring or ether bond); amides such as R-
- a carbonate-based solvent may be preferably used as the non-aqueous organic solvent.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent includes a cyclic carbonate (eg, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate) having high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant and a low point
- a cyclic carbonate eg, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate
- linear carbonates eg, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate
- a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a volume ratio of 1-3: 1-9: 1 may be preferably used.
- the lithium salt contained in the electrolyte is dissolved in the non-aqueous organic solvent to act as a source of lithium ions in the battery to enable basic lithium secondary battery operation, and to promote the movement of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode play a role
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 F) 2 (LiFSI, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide), LiCl, LiI, and LiB(C 2 O4) 2 and so on.
- the lithium salt may be LiPF 6 , LiFSI, and mixtures thereof.
- the lithium salt may be included in the electrolyte at a concentration of 0.1 M to 2.0 M.
- the lithium salt included in the concentration range enables excellent electrolyte performance by imparting appropriate conductivity and viscosity to the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte may contain additives for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing reduction in battery capacity, and improving discharge capacity of the battery.
- the additive is a haloalkylene carbonate-based compound such as difluoro ethylene carbonate, pyridine, triethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, tria hexaphosphate. mide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imidazolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxyethanol, aluminum trichloride, etc. .
- the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the lithium transition metal oxide according to the present invention can maintain a stabilized lattice structure by introducing a heterogeneous element, it is possible to minimize the side reaction with the electrolyte to suppress gas generation during charging and discharging of the lithium secondary battery.
- the positive electrode additive for a lithium secondary battery including the lithium transition metal oxide enables improvement of safety and lifespan characteristics of a lithium secondary battery.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the correlation between the irreversible capacity of the lithium secondary batteries according to Examples 6 to 12 and the amount of gas generation.
- the raw material mixture was heated at a rate of 1.6 °C/min in an Ar atmosphere for 6 hours, and then calcined at 600 °C for 12 hours to obtain a lithium transition metal oxide containing Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.03 O 4 .
- the lithium transition metal oxide and distilled water were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:2 and stirred to wash the lithium transition metal oxide.
- the washed lithium transition metal oxide was dried by heat treatment at 180 °C for 1 hour.
- the positive electrode material slurry was applied to one surface of a current collector, which was an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and was rolled and dried to prepare a positive electrode.
- the positive electrode active material was not added to the positive electrode material.
- the addition of the positive active material is shown in Example 6 below.
- a negative electrode material slurry was prepared by mixing natural graphite as an anode active material, carbon black as a conductive material, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a binder in an organic solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone) in a weight ratio of 95:3:2.
- the negative electrode material slurry was applied to one surface of a current collector, which was a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and was rolled and dried to prepare a negative electrode.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 3: 4: 3 to prepare a non-aqueous organic solvent.
- An electrolyte was prepared by dissolving a lithium salt of 0.7 M concentration of LiPF 6 and 0.5 M concentration of LiFSI in the non-aqueous organic solvent.
- An electrode assembly was prepared by interposing porous polyethylene as a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrode assembly was placed inside the case.
- a lithium secondary battery in the form of a pouch cell was manufactured by injecting the electrolyte into the case.
- lithium transition metal oxide of Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Al 0.03 O 4 was prepared.
- lithium transition metal oxide of Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Nb 0.03 O 4 was prepared.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 6, except that a positive electrode active material was further added during the preparation of the positive electrode and the composition of the negative electrode active material was changed during the preparation of the negative electrode.
- NCMA Li[Ni,Co,Mn,Al]O 2 )-based compound, NTA-X12M, L&F
- the lithium transition metal oxide Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Al 0.05 O 4
- carbon black as a conductive material
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the positive electrode material slurry was applied to one surface of a current collector, which was an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and was rolled and dried to prepare a positive electrode.
- the negative electrode material slurry was applied to one surface of a current collector, which was a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and was rolled and dried to prepare a negative electrode.
- An electrode assembly was prepared by interposing porous polyethylene as a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrode assembly was placed inside the case.
- a lithium secondary battery in the form of a pouch cell was manufactured by injecting the electrolyte into the case.
- a lithium secondary battery including 0.3 O 4 lithium transition metal oxide and (2) it as a positive electrode additive was prepared.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 13, except that Li 6 CoO 4 obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used instead of Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Al 0.05 O 4 as a positive electrode additive during the preparation of the positive electrode.
- a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 13, except that Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.3 O 4 obtained in Comparative Example 2 was used instead of Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Al 0.05 O 4 as a positive electrode additive during the preparation of the positive electrode. prepared.
- NCMA Li[Ni,Co,Mn,Al]O 2 )-based compound, NTA-X12M, L&F
- the lithium transition metal oxide Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Al 0.05 O
- DN2O Li 2 NiO 2 , POSCO Chemical
- carbon black as a conductive material
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 13, except that the positive electrode additive was not added during the preparation of the positive electrode.
- the particle size distribution of the lithium transition metal oxides obtained in Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was measured using a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus (model name: Partica LA-960V2, manufacturer: HORIBA). At this time, the measurement was performed using N-methyl pyrrolidon (NMP) as a dispersion medium of the lithium transition metal oxide.
- NMP N-methyl pyrrolidon
- Example 1 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.03 O 4 ) 5.9 14.9 32.7 51.3 1.4 36.64
- Example 2 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Al 0.03 O 4 ) 7.5 15.3 27.8 47.4 2.6 18.23
- Example 3 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Ti 0.03 O 4 ) 8.1 18.1 40.0 73.2 2.1 34.86
- Example 4 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Zr 0.03 O 4 ) 6.5 15.4 32.5 47.3 1.2 39.42
- Example 5 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Nb 0.03 O 4 ) 7.1 17.4 41.5 62.8 1.5 41.87
- Example 6 (Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Al 0.05 O 4 ) 8.3 16.8 30.0 51.2 3.4 15.05
- Example 7 (Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Mg 0.05 O 4 )
- the lithium transition metal oxides of Examples simultaneously satisfy a D50 value of 10.0 ⁇ m to 25.0 ⁇ m and a D max /D min value of 10.0 to 60.0.
- the D min value tends to increase and the D max value to decrease.
- Examples 2, 6, 10, 11, and 12 in which Al was introduced show D max /D min values of less than 30 ⁇ m, which is Example 1 in which Mg, Ti, Zr, or Nb was introduced, It can be seen that it is small compared to the D max /D min values in 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9.
- Example 8 in which Ti was introduced showed a D max /D min value of less than 30 ⁇ m, but showed a relatively large D max value (87.7 ⁇ m) compared to other oxides.
- the accumulated gas generation according to the charge/discharge cycle accumulation was measured in the following manner, and the gas generation amount according to the measured accumulated charge capacity is shown in Table 2, FIG. 1 and 2 is shown.
- the accumulated gas generation according to the high temperature storage time is shown in Table 3.
- the pouch cell at the time point to measure the amount of gas generation was temporarily recovered from the discharged state.
- a hydrometer MATSUHAKU, TWD-150DM
- the difference between the original weight of the pouch cell and the weight in water was measured, and the change in volume in the pouch cell was calculated, and the change in volume was divided by the weight of the electrode active material per weight. The amount of gas generated was calculated.
- the pouch cell-type lithium secondary battery After charging the pouch cell-type lithium secondary battery at a constant current-full voltage to 4.25 V at 0.1 C at a temperature of 45 °C, collect it, measure the formation capacity, and store it in a 60 °C chamber.
- the lithium secondary battery was taken out from the chamber at intervals of one week, and the difference between the original weight of the pouch cell and the weight in water was measured using a hydrometer (MATSUHAKU, TWD-150DM), and the change in the volume in the pouch cell was calculated.
- the amount of gas generated per weight was calculated by dividing the amount of change by the weight of the electrode active material.
- Table 2 shows the cumulative gas generation amount after formation (0 th charge/discharge) after 1 st , 2 nd , 10 th , 30 th and 50 th cumulative cycles.
- Example 1 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Mg 0.03 O 4 ) 805.5 95.8 -0.22 -0.28 0.07 0.39 0.56
- Example 2 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Al 0.03 O 4 ) 746.6 85.1 -0.04 -0.14 -0.06 0.11 0.16
- Example 3 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Ti 0.03 O 4 ) 770.3 102.5 -0.08 -0.13 0.16 0.47 0.85
- Example 4 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Zr 0.03 O 4 ) 763.1 91.8 -0.23 -0.22 0.17 0.64 0.83
- Example 5 (Li 6 Co 0.77 Zn 0.2 Nb 0.03 O 4 ) 771.3 92.1 -0.33 -0.16 0.11 0.58 0.89
- Example 6 (Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.25 Al 0.05 O 4 ) 771.3 92.1 -0.33 -0.16 0.11 0.58 0.89
- Example 6 (
- Examples 1 to 5 had a smaller initial charging capacity than Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the cumulative gas generation amount after the 50th cycle was within 1 mL/g of Examples 1 to 5, indicating a remarkably excellent gas reduction effect.
- Example 1 had the largest initial charging capacity among the Examples, and the accumulated gas generation amount was also relatively small.
- Example 2 although the initial charging capacity was somewhat low, the accumulated gas generation amount was the lowest, and thus it was confirmed to have an excellent gas reduction effect.
- Table 3 shows the accumulated gas generation after formation (0 th charge and discharge) and stored at 60 °C after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks.
- Examples 1 to 5 were confirmed to have a significantly superior gas reduction effect compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 with the cumulative gas generation amount within 1 mL/g in high-temperature storage at 60 °C.
- the capacity retention rate and the cumulative gas generation according to the charge/discharge cycle accumulation were measured in the following manner.
- the capacity retention rate and the accumulated gas generation amount are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- a pouch cell-type lithium secondary battery was subjected to a cycle of constant current-constant voltage charging to 4.25 V at 0.1 C at 45 °C temperature, constant current discharge to 2.5 V, and a 20-minute break between charging and discharging, after which the formation capacity and 100 th cycle The charge/discharge capacity was measured.
- the pouch cell at the time of measuring the amount of gas generation was temporarily recovered in the discharged state.
- a hydrometer MATSUHAKU, TWD-150DM
- the difference between the original weight of the pouch cell and the weight in water was measured, and the change in volume in the pouch cell was calculated.
- the amount of gas generated was calculated.
- the pouch cell-type lithium secondary battery After charging the pouch cell-type lithium secondary battery at a constant current-full voltage to 4.25 V at 0.1 C at a temperature of 45 °C, collect it, measure the formation capacity, and store it in a 60 °C chamber.
- the lithium secondary battery was taken out from the chamber at intervals of one week, and the difference between the original weight of the pouch cell and the weight in water was measured using a hydrometer (MATSUHAKU, TWD-150DM), and the change in the volume in the pouch cell was calculated.
- the amount of gas generated per weight was calculated by dividing the amount of change by the weight of the electrode active material.
- Table 4 shows the formation (0 th charge/discharge) capacity, the cumulative gas generation amount after 50 th and 100 th cumulative cycle, and the discharge capacity retention rate after 100 th cycle.
- Example 13 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 were larger than that of Comparative Example 6 to which the positive electrode additive (sacrificial positive electrode material) was not applied. It can be seen that the sacrificial cathode material compensates for irreversible lithium consumed in the formation of the SEI layer in the anode.
- the cumulative gas generation amount in the 100 th cycle of Example 13 was 0.07 mL/g, which was less than 0.24 mL/g of Comparative Example 3 and 0.16 mL/g of Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 6 in which the sacrificial cathode material was not applied. It is less than 0.20 mL/g of In Example 13, by additionally introducing Al into Li 6 Co 0.7 Zn 0.3 O 4 into which Zn was introduced in Comparative Example 4 in Example 13, CoO 2 formed after initial charging was more effectively stabilized than when only Zn was introduced, thereby preventing a side reaction with the electrolyte. It can be seen that it is due to effective prevention and suppression of additional gas generation due to this.
- the cumulative gas generation amount in the 50th cycle of Comparative Example 5 was the smallest at 0.02 mL/g, but the increase in gas generation in the 50th cycle to the 100th cycle was 0.09 mL/g, and thereafter, the gas generation is likely to continuously increase There is this. This is also the same for Comparative Example 3.
- the increase in gas generation from the 50th cycle to the 100th cycle was 0.02 mL/g, and it can be seen that the gas generation was suppressed as the charge/discharge cycle continued.
- Example 13 Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 4 to which the Co-based sacrificial cathode material was applied, the capacity retention rate at 100 th cycle was 88.2% or more.
- Comparative Example 5 to which the Ni-based sacrificial cathode material was applied and Comparative Example 6 to which the sacrificial cathode material was not applied had capacity retention rates of 86.3% and 86.2%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of Example 13.
- the capacity retention rate was significantly improved to 91.7%. This is thought to be because, as seen in the accumulated gas generation amount, side reactions with the electrolyte are prevented by stabilizing the crystalline phase after the initial charge by the additional introduction of Al.
- Table 5 shows the cumulative amount of gas generated after formation (0 th charge) and stored at 72 °C after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks.
- Example 13 had the lowest cumulative gas generation amount of 0.15 mL/g after 4 weeks. This is because, like the result of the charge/discharge cycle, the heterogeneous element introduced into Li 6 CoO 4 effectively stabilizes CoO 2 formed after the initial charge to prevent a side reaction with the electrolyte, thereby suppressing additional gas generation.
- Example 13 generated less gas than Comparative Example 6 in which the sacrificial cathode material was not applied, which may be an experimental error, or the cathode additive included in the lithium secondary battery not only suppresses gas generation but also absorbs the generated gas. It is expected that there is a possibility that
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Abstract
Description
| D5 (㎛) |
D50 (㎛) |
D95 (㎛) |
Dmax
(㎛) |
Dmin
(㎛) |
Dmax/Dmin | |
| 실시예 1 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Mg0.03O4) |
5.9 | 14.9 | 32.7 | 51.3 | 1.4 | 36.64 |
| 실시예 2 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Al0.03O4) |
7.5 | 15.3 | 27.8 | 47.4 | 2.6 | 18.23 |
| 실시예 3 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Ti0.03O4) |
8.1 | 18.1 | 40.0 | 73.2 | 2.1 | 34.86 |
| 실시예 4 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Zr0.03O4) |
6.5 | 15.4 | 32.5 | 47.3 | 1.2 | 39.42 |
| 실시예 5 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Nb0.03O4) |
7.1 | 17.4 | 41.5 | 62.8 | 1.5 | 41.87 |
| 실시예 6 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Al0.05O4) |
8.3 | 16.8 | 30.0 | 51.2 | 3.4 | 15.05 |
| 실시예 7 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Mg0.05O4) |
6.7 | 16.1 | 31.3 | 56.0 | 1.8 | 31.11 |
| 실시예 8 (Li6Co0.72Zn0.25Ti0.03O4) |
9.8 | 21.9 | 42.9 | 87.7 | 3.0 | 29.23 |
| 실시예 9 (Li6Co0.72Zn0.25Zr0.03O4) |
6.0 | 15.5 | 28.6 | 51.1 | 0.9 | 56.78 |
| 실시예 10 (Li6Co0.65Zn0.3Al0.05O4) |
7.3 | 16.7 | 33.9 | 66.7 | 2.6 | 25.65 |
| 실시예 11 (Li6Co0.65Zn0.25Al0.1O4) |
5.3 | 11.6 | 21.3 | 38.3 | 2.3 | 16.65 |
| 실시예 12 (Li6Co0.6Zn0.3Al0.1O4) |
6.1 | 14.7 | 31.2 | 52.5 | 2.9 | 18.10 |
| 비교예 1 (Li6CoO4) |
5.6 | 11.9 | 22.8 | 44.6 | 2.6 | 17.15 |
| 비교예 2 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.3O4) |
6.1 | 14.2 | 28.7 | 58.3 | 2.0 | 29.15 |
| Formation | 누적 가스 발생량 (mL/g) | ||||||
| 용량 (mAh/g) |
가스 발생량 (mL/g) |
1st | 2nd | 10th | 30th | 50th | |
| 실시예 1 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Mg0.03O4) |
805.5 | 95.8 | -0.22 | -0.28 | 0.07 | 0.39 | 0.56 |
| 실시예 2 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Al0.03O4) |
746.6 | 85.1 | -0.04 | -0.14 | -0.06 | 0.11 | 0.16 |
| 실시예 3 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Ti0.03O4) |
770.3 | 102.5 | -0.08 | -0.13 | 0.16 | 0.47 | 0.85 |
| 실시예 4 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Zr0.03O4) |
763.1 | 91.8 | -0.23 | -0.22 | 0.17 | 0.64 | 0.83 |
| 실시예 5 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Nb0.03O4) |
771.3 | 92.1 | -0.33 | -0.16 | 0.11 | 0.58 | 0.89 |
| 실시예 6 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Al0.05O4) |
822.6 | 113.1 | -0.10 | -0.14 | -0.07 | 0.05 | 0.25 |
| 실시예 7 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Mg0.05O4) |
808.6 | 105.6 | -0.11 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.36 | 0.53 |
| 실시예 8 (Li6Co0.72Zn0.25Ti0.03O4) |
801.0 | 107.0 | -0.08 | -0.07 | 0.35 | 0.92 | 0.97 |
| 실시예 9 (Li6Co0.72Zn0.25Zr0.03O4) |
787.6 | 105.4 | -0.03 | -0.04 | 0.45 | 1.16 | 1.46 |
| 실시예 10 (Li6Co0.65Zn0.3Al0.05O4) |
813.7 | 98.4 | -0.35 | -0.49 | -0.16 | -0.41 | -0.28 |
| 실시예 11 (Li6Co0.65Zn0.25Al0.1O4) |
818.3 | 96.5 | -0.03 | -0.23 | 0.02 | -0.09 | -0.06 |
| 실시예 12 (Li6Co0.6Zn0.3Al0.1O4) |
807.2 | 96.2 | -0.25 | -0.19 | -0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| 비교예 1 (Li6CoO4) |
903.0 | 129.1 | 5.92 | 6.91 | 8.04 | 9.17 | 10.10 |
| 비교예 2 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.3O4) |
827.9 | 105.0 | -0.16 | -0.19 | 0.44 | 1.68 | 2.11 |
| 누적 가스 발생량 (mL/g) | ||||
| 1주 | 2주 | 3주 | 4주 | |
| 실시예 1 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Mg0.03O4) |
-0.46 | -0.38 | 0.35 | 0.42 |
| 실시예 2 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Al0.03O4) |
-0.04 | -0.04 | 0.69 | 0.56 |
| 실시예 3 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Ti0.03O4) |
-0.13 | -0.01 | 0.44 | 0.42 |
| 실시예 4 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Zr0.03O4) |
-0.27 | 0.31 | 0.67 | 0.72 |
| 실시예 5 (Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Nb0.03O4) |
-0.29 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.35 |
| 실시예 6 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Al0.05O4) |
-0.52 | -0.28 | -0.22 | -0.23 |
| 실시예 7 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Mg0.05O4) |
-0.35 | -0.23 | 0.25 | 0.26 |
| 실시예 8 (Li6Co0.72Zn0.25Ti0.03O4) |
-0.10 | 0.26 | 0.91 | 1.14 |
| 실시예 9 (Li6Co0.72Zn0.25Zr0.03O4) |
-0.11 | 0.27 | 1.00 | 1.23 |
| 실시예 10 (Li6Co0.65Zn0.3Al0.05O4) |
-0.80 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.21 |
| 실시예 11 (Li6Co0.65Zn0.25Al0.1O4) |
-0.60 | -0.45 | -0.69 | -0.08 |
| 실시예 12 (Li6Co0.6Zn0.3Al0.1O4) |
-0.58 | -0.23 | -0.17 | -0.21 |
| 비교예 1 (Li6CoO4) |
9.95 | 10.19 | 9.70 | 9.56 |
| 비교예 2 (Li6Co0.7Zn0.3O4) |
-0.15 | -0.12 | 0.50 | 1.04 |
| Formation 용량 (mAh/g) |
가스 발생량 (mL/g) |
용량 유지율 @ 100th cycle |
|||
| 충전용량 | 방전용량 | 50th | 100th | ||
| 실시예 13 (NCMA+Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Al0.05O4) |
243.5 | 214.8 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 91.7 |
| 비교예 3 (NCMA+Li6CoO4) |
243.3 | 215.4 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 88.5 |
| 비교예 4 (NCMA+Li6Co0.7Zn0.3O4) |
243.4 | 214.9 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 88.2 |
| 비교예 5 (NCMA+DN20) |
242.2 | 214.5 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 86.3 |
| 비교예 6 (NCMA) |
236.0 | 201.3 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 86.2 |
| 누적 가스 발생량 (mL/g) | ||||
| 1주 | 2주 | 3주 | 4주 | |
| 실시예 13 (NCMA+Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Al0.05O4) |
0.09 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
| 비교예 3 (NCMA+Li6CoO4) |
1.07 | 1.38 | 1.78 | 2.01 |
| 비교예 4 (NCMA+Li6Co0.7Zn0.3O4) |
0.11 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.22 |
| 비교예 5 (NCMA+DN20) |
0.54 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.82 |
| 비교예 6 (NCMA) |
0.21 | 0.29 | 0.53 | 0.55 |
Claims (16)
- 이종 원소를 포함한 리튬 코발트 산화물로서,상기 이종 원소는, 4주기 전이 금속; 및 2족 원소, 13족 원소, 14족 원소, 5주기 전이 금속, 및 6주기 전이 금속으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하고,레이저 회절 산란식 입도 분포 측정에 의한 10.0 ㎛ 내지 25.0 ㎛인 누적 50% 입경(D50), 및 10.0 내지 60.0인 최대 입경(Dmax)과 최소 입경(Dmin)의 비율(Dmax/Dmin)을 가지는,리튬 전이 금속 산화물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이 금속 산화물은 레이저 회절 산란식 입도 분포 측정에 의한 3.0 ㎛ 내지 10.0 ㎛인 누적 5% 입경(D5) 및 20.0 ㎛ 내지 45.0 ㎛인 누적 95% 입경(D95)을 가지는, 리튬 전이 금속 산화물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 4주기 전이 금속은 Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, 및 Zn으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하고,상기 2족 원소는 Mg, Ca, Sr, 및 Ba로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하고,상기 13족 원소는 Al, Ga 및 In으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하고,상기 14족 원소는 Si, Ge 및 Sn으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하고,상기 5주기 전이 금속은 Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, 및 Cd로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하고,상기 6주기 전이 금속은 Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, 및 Au로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는,리튬 전이 금속 산화물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 이종 원소는, Zn; 및 Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, 및 W로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는, 리튬 전이 금속 산화물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 이종 원소는 상기 리튬 전이 금속 산화물에서 리튬을 제외한 금속 원소 전체를 기준으로 5 몰% 내지 80 몰%로 포함되는, 리튬 전이 금속 산화물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 이종 원소 중 4주기 전이 금속은 상기 리튬 전이 금속 산화물에서 리튬을 제외한 금속 원소 전체를 기준으로 10 몰% 내지 70 몰%로 포함되고;상기 이종 원소 중 2족 원소, 13족 원소, 14족 원소, 5주기 전이 금속, 및 6주기 전이 금속으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상인 원소는 상기 리튬 전이 금속 산화물에서 리튬을 제외한 금속 원소 전체를 기준으로 1 몰% 내지 20 몰%로 포함되는,리튬 전이 금속 산화물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이 금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는, 리튬 전이 금속 산화물:[화학식 1]Li6Co1-x-yZnxMyO4상기 화학식 1에서,M은 2족 원소, 13족 원소, 14족 원소, 5주기 전이 금속, 또는 6주기 전이 금속이고,x는 0.1 내지 0.7 이고,y는 0.01 내지 0.2 이다.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 M은 Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, 및 W로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상인, 리튬 전이 금속 산화물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이 금속 산화물은 Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Al0.03O4, Li6Co0.76Zn0.2Al0.04O4, Li6Co0.75Zn0.2Al0.05O4, Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Al0.05O4, Li6Co0.65Zn0.25Al0.1O4, Li6Co0.67Zn0.3Al0.03O4, Li6Co0.66Zn0.3Al0.04O4, Li6Co0.65Zn0.3Al0.05O4, Li6Co0.6Zn0.3Al0.1O4, Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Mg0.03O4, Li6Co0.76Zn0.2Mg0.04O4, Li6Co0.75Zn0.2Mg0.05O4, Li6Co0.7Zn0.25Mg0.05O4, Li6Co0.67Zn0.3Mg0.03O4, Li6Co0.66Zn0.3Mg0.04O4, Li6Co0.65Zn0.3Mg0.05O4, Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Ti0.03O4, Li6Co0.76Zn0.2Ti0.04O4, Li6Co0.75Zn0.2Ti0.05O4, Li6Co0.72Zn0.25Ti0.03O4, Li6Co0.67Zn0.3Ti0.03O4, Li6Co0.66Zn0.3Ti0.04O4, Li6Co0.65Zn0.3Ti0.05O4, Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Zr0.03O4, Li6Co0.76Zn0.2Zr0.04O4, Li6Co0.75Zn0.2Zr0.05O4, Li6Co0.72Zn0.25Zr0.03O4, Li6Co0.67Zn0.3Zr0.03O4, Li6Co0.66Zn0.3Zr0.04O4, Li6Co0.65Zn0.3Zr0.05O4, Li6Co0.77Zn0.2Nb0.03O4, Li6Co0.76Zn0.2Nb0.04O4, Li6Co0.75Zn0.2Nb0.05O4, Li6Co0.67Zn0.3Nb0.03O4, Li6Co0.66Zn0.3Nb0.04O4, Li6Co0.65Zn0.3Nb0.05O4, Li6Co0.77Zn0.2W0.03O4, Li6Co0.76Zn0.2W0.04O4, Li6Co0.75Zn0.2W0.05O4, Li6Co0.67Zn0.3W0.03O4, Li6Co0.66Zn0.3W0.04O4, 및 Li6Co0.65Zn0.3W0.05O4 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 화합물을 포함하는, 리튬 전이 금속 산화물.
- 리튬 산화물, 코발트 산화물 및 이종 원소 산화물을 고상 혼합하는 제1 단계; 및상기 제1 단계에서 얻어진 혼합물을 불활성 분위기 및 550 °C 내지 750 °C의 온도 하에서 소성하여 제 1 항에 따른 리튬 전이 금속 산화물을 얻는 제2 단계를 포함하는, 리튬 전이 금속 산화물의 제조 방법.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 제2 단계는, 상기 제1 단계에서 얻어진 혼합물을 불활성 분위기 하에서 1.4 °C/min 내지 2.0 °C/min의 승온 속도로 가열하여 550 °C 내지 750 °C의 온도 하에서 2 시간 내지 20 시간 동안 소성을 수행하는, 리튬 전이 금속 산화물의 제조 방법.
- 제 1 항에 따른 리튬 전이 금속 산화물을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 첨가제.
- 양극 활물질, 바인더, 도전재, 및 제 1 항에 따른 리튬 전이 금속 산화물을 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 양극 활물질, 바인더, 도전재, 및 제 12 항에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 첨가제를 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극.
- 제 13 항 또는 제 14 항에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 양극; 음극; 분리막; 및 전해질을 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제 15 항에 있어서,상기 음극은 탄소질 물질 및 규소 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 음극 활물질을 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지.
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| CN202180012566.4A CN115119528B (zh) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-08-17 | 锂过渡金属氧化物、锂二次电池用正极添加剂以及包含其的锂二次电池 |
| JP2022544814A JP7708493B2 (ja) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-08-17 | リチウム遷移金属酸化物、リチウム二次電池用正極添加剤およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
| EP21920099.5A EP4084150B1 (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-08-17 | Lithium transition metal oxide, cathode additive for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
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| KR1020210106775A KR102604921B1 (ko) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-08-12 | 리튬 전이 금속 산화물, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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| EP4084150A4 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
| JP7708493B2 (ja) | 2025-07-15 |
| JP7712021B2 (ja) | 2025-07-23 |
| EP4084150A1 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
| CN115119528B (zh) | 2025-04-04 |
| EP4084152A1 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
| EP4084152A4 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
| EP4084151A1 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
| CN115119527A (zh) | 2022-09-27 |
| US12466743B2 (en) | 2025-11-11 |
| US20230094905A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
| JP2024503160A (ja) | 2024-01-25 |
| EP4084151B1 (en) | 2026-01-28 |
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