WO2023145238A1 - 検査装置および検査方法 - Google Patents
検査装置および検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023145238A1 WO2023145238A1 PCT/JP2022/043908 JP2022043908W WO2023145238A1 WO 2023145238 A1 WO2023145238 A1 WO 2023145238A1 JP 2022043908 W JP2022043908 W JP 2022043908W WO 2023145238 A1 WO2023145238 A1 WO 2023145238A1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/18—Investigating the presence of flaws defects or foreign matter
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/20008—Constructional details of analysers, e.g. characterised by X-ray source, detector or optical system; Accessories therefor; Preparing specimens therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
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- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/2206—Combination of two or more measurements, at least one measurement being that of secondary emission, e.g. combination of secondary electron [SE] measurement and back-scattered electron [BSE] measurement
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- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
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- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K7/00—Gamma- or X-ray microscopes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/14—Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray
- H01J35/153—Spot position control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
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- H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
- H01J35/18—Windows
- H01J35/186—Windows used as targets or X-ray converters
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- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
- G01N2223/04—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission and measuring absorption
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- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/05—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection
- G01N2223/052—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection reflection
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- G01N2223/07—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission
- G01N2223/071—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission combination of measurements, at least 1 secondary emission
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- G01N2223/07—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation secondary emission
- G01N2223/076—X-ray fluorescence
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
- G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
- G01N2223/1016—X-ray
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/20—Sources of radiation
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- G01N2223/20—Sources of radiation
- G01N2223/204—Sources of radiation source created from radiated target
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- G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
- G01N2223/32—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features adjustments of elements during operation
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- G01N2223/643—Specific applications or type of materials object on conveyor
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- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/652—Specific applications or type of materials impurities, foreign matter, trace amounts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inspection device and an inspection method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a detector for detecting fluorescent X-rays generated from a sample by focusing an electron beam on a target for generating X-rays with an objective lens and irradiating the sample with the X-rays generated from the target; A high-resolution X-ray microscope with a fluorescent X-ray analysis function is described, which has an analysis unit for analyzing fluorescent X-rays from the detection result of the instrument. Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-200000 describes incorporating all or part of the detector into the magnetic circuit of the objective lens.
- the vibration of the foreign matter may break the separator that maintains the insulation inside the battery after the battery is shipped. In such cases, the battery may become short-circuited and catch fire or explode.
- Fluorescent X-ray method also known as XRF
- oblique incident fluorescent X-ray method also known as TXRF
- TXRF oblique incident fluorescent X-ray method
- An object of the present invention is to provide an advantageous technology for detecting foreign matter present on an inspection target surface with high sensitivity.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to an inspection apparatus for inspecting a surface to be inspected arranged on an inspection surface, the inspection apparatus including an X-ray generator that generates X-rays by being irradiated with an electron beam. and an X-ray generating tube that emits X-rays toward the inspection surface; an X-ray detector for detecting totally reflected X-rays, said X-ray detector having an energy resolution of 1 keV or more, or said X-ray detector having no energy analysis function.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to an inspection method for inspecting a surface to be inspected arranged on an inspection surface, the inspection method radiating X-rays toward the inspection surface and generating X-rays existing on the surface to be inspected.
- an advantageous technique is provided for detecting foreign matter present on the inspection target surface with high sensitivity.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of an inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration example of an X-ray generating tube
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram enlarging a part of the inspection apparatus in FIG. 2
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram enlarging a part of the inspection apparatus in FIG. 2
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the distance D xs (horizontal axis) and the number of foreign particles detected by the X-ray detector (vertical axis);
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of an inspection apparatus IA according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the inspection apparatus IA can be configured, for example, as an inspection apparatus that inspects the inspection target surface TS arranged on the inspection surface IP.
- the inspection plane IP is a plane on which the inspection target plane TS is to be arranged
- the inspection target plane TS is one plane of the inspection target IT.
- the inspection apparatus IA may comprise an X-ray generator tube 101 .
- the X-ray generating tube 101 has a target (not shown) including an X-ray generator XG that generates X-rays by being irradiated with an electron beam, and emits X-rays XR toward the inspection plane IP.
- the foreign object FS irradiated with the X-rays XR from the X-ray generating part XG generates X-rays corresponding to the substances forming the foreign object FS, and such X-rays are also called fluorescent X-rays or characteristic X-rays.
- Part of the X-rays generated by the foreign matter FS irradiated with the X-rays XR is totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS.
- the X-rays emitted from the foreign object FS and totally reflected by the surface TS to be inspected are shown as X-rays XF.
- Inspection apparatus IA may comprise an X-ray detector 120 .
- Inspection apparatus IA may further include a processor that performs processing for detecting foreign matter FS based on the output from X-ray detector 120 .
- the processor may further perform processing to identify the material that constitutes the foreign object FS based on the output from the X-ray detector 120 .
- the processor can be implemented, for example, by a control unit that controls the operation of inspection apparatus IA.
- FIG. 2 shows a more specific configuration example of the inspection apparatus IA shown in FIG.
- the inspection apparatus IA can include an X-ray generator 100 , an X-ray detector 120 and a controller 140 .
- the X-ray generator 100 can include an X-ray generator tube 101 and a drive circuit 103 that drives the X-ray generator tube 101 .
- the X-ray generator 100 can further include a booster circuit 102 that supplies a boosted voltage to the drive circuit 103 .
- the X-ray generator 100 further includes a storage container (not shown) that stores the X-ray generation tube 101, the drive circuit 103, and the booster circuit 102, and the storage container can be filled with an insulating fluid such as insulating oil. .
- Controller 140 may be configured to control X-ray generator 100 and X-ray detector 120 .
- the controller 140 may also include the functionality of the processor described above. More specifically, control unit 140 can perform processing for detecting foreign matter FS based on the output from X-ray detector 120 . In addition, the control unit 140 can further perform a process of identifying substances that constitute the foreign matter FS based on the output from the X-ray detector 120 .
- the control unit 140 is, for example, PLD (abbreviation of Programmable Logic Device) such as FPGA (abbreviation of Field Programmable Gate Array), or ASIC (abbreviation of Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or a general-purpose device in which a program is incorporated. or a dedicated computer, or a combination of all or part of these.
- PLD abbreviation of Programmable Logic Device
- FPGA abbreviation of Field Programmable Gate Array
- ASIC abbreviation of Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- the inspection apparatus IA may further include an X-ray detection panel 130 that detects X-rays emitted from the X-ray generator XG and transmitted through the inspection object IT having the inspection object surface TS. Based on the output from the X-ray detection panel 130, the control unit 140 generates an image of X-rays transmitted through the inspection object IT (transmission image of the inspection object IT), and based on the image, detects the surface of the inspection object. It can be configured to detect a foreign object FS present in the TS. By using the X-ray detection panel 130, it is also possible to detect foreign matter present inside the inspection object IT and foreign matter existing on the surface opposite to the inspection object surface TS.
- the controller 140 can be configured to detect the presence of a foreign object FS as well as the position and/or size of the foreign object FS.
- the X-ray detection panel 130 in addition to the X-ray detector 120, the foreign matter FS that cannot be detected by the X-ray detector 120 can be detected by the X-ray detection panel 130, so the accuracy of detecting the foreign matter FS is improved.
- the inspection apparatus IA which acquires a transmission image and detects foreign matter using X-rays emitted from one X-ray generating tube, is composed of two devices that separately acquire a transmission image and detect foreign matter. It is advantageous in terms of miniaturization and cost reduction compared to systems with
- the inspection apparatus IA may further include a display unit 150, and the control unit 140 causes the display unit 150 to display information indicating the constituent materials of the foreign matter FS identified based on the output of the X-ray detector 120. can be configured.
- the control unit 140 can also be configured to cause the display unit 150 to display a transmitted image of the inspection object IT generated based on the output from the X-ray detection panel 130 .
- the control unit 140 can also be configured to cause the display unit 150 to display information indicating the position and/or size of the detected foreign object based on the output from the X-ray detection panel 130 .
- the control unit 140 may be configured as a single unit, or may be configured by being divided into a plurality of units.
- the X-ray generating tube 101 can include an electron gun EG, an anode 93 having a target 933 including an X-ray generating portion XG that generates X-rays by being struck by electrons from the electron gun EG, and an insulating tube 92 .
- an anode 93 is arranged so as to block one of the two open ends of the insulating tube 92, and a block containing the electron gun EG is arranged so as to block the other of the two open ends of the insulating tube 92.
- a member 91 may be arranged.
- a deflector 94 that deflects the flow of electrons (electron beam) from the electron gun EG may be arranged outside the insulating tube 92 .
- the X-ray generating tube 101 shown in FIG. 3 is a closed transmission type X-ray generating tube in which the inner space of the insulating tube 92 is maintained in a vacuum state and X-rays pass through a target 933 and a target holding plate 932, which will be described later.
- a non-sealed open type or a non-transmissive reflecting type X-ray generating tube may be employed as the X-ray generating tube 101.
- the deflector 94 can be arranged outside the X-ray generating tube 101 .
- the deflector 94 can be provided between the anode 93 and the cathode (not shown).
- the deflector 94 is provided between the electron gun EG and the target 933 .
- a virtual plane 97 that intersects the deflector 94 can be positioned in a space sandwiched between a virtual plane 95 contacting the tip of the electron gun EG and a virtual plane 96 contacting a portion of the target 933 .
- a virtual plane 95 , a virtual plane 96 , and a virtual plane 97 are planes perpendicular to the axis AX of the X-ray generating tube 101 .
- the anode 93 can include a target 933 , a target holding plate 932 holding the target 933 , and an electrode 931 holding the target holding plate 932 .
- the electrode 931 is electrically connected to the target 933 and can apply an electric potential to the target 933 .
- the target 933 generates X-rays when electrons (electron beams) emitted from the electron gun EG collide with the target 933 .
- the X-ray generator XG is a portion of the surface of the target 933 that is hit by electrons (electron beams).
- the X-rays generated by the X-ray generator XG pass through the target holding plate 932 and are emitted to the outside of the X-ray generating tube 101 .
- Anode 93 may be maintained at, for example, ground potential, but may be maintained at other potentials.
- the target 933 is made of a metal material.
- the target 933 is desirably made of a material with a high melting point, such as tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, or the like, which contributes to the improvement of X-ray generation efficiency.
- the target holding plate 932 can be made of a material that is highly transparent to X-rays, such as beryllium or diamond.
- the target holding plate 932 is desirably made of diamond, so that the thickness of the target holding plate 932 can be reduced while maintaining the strength thereof. The distance to the line generator XG) can be shortened. It is desirable that the thickness of the target holding plate 932 is thin.
- the thickness of the target holding plate 932 is desirably 4 mm or less, and more desirably 2 mm or less, 1 mm or less, or 0.3 mm or less.
- the thickness of these target holding plates 932 can be set with reference to the distance from the X-ray generation unit XG to the inspection plane IP, which is necessary for identifying elements contained in foreign matter, which will be described later. In order to identify the elements contained in the foreign matter, it is desirable that the target holding plate 932 is as thin as possible. From the viewpoint of strength, etc., it is desirable that the thickness is large. Therefore, it is desirable to use an optimum target holding plate 932 thickness. Note that FIG. 3 is not intended to show the relationship between the thickness of the target 933 and the thickness of the target holding plate 932 .
- the thickness of the target 933 may be several ⁇ m
- the thickness of the target holding plate 932 may be several hundred ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram enlarging a part of the inspection apparatus IA of FIG.
- a foreign matter FS may exist on the inspection target surface TS.
- the X-ray capturing unit 121 of the X-ray detector 120 arranged to detect the X-rays (characteristic X-rays) XF is irradiated with the X-rays XR from the X-ray generating unit XG, and the inspection object IT Fluorescent X-rays that can be generated by itself hardly enter. Therefore, the ratio of the fluorescent X-rays emitted from the inspection object IT itself and detected by the X-ray detector 120 to the X-rays (characteristic X-rays) XF emitted from the foreign object FS and detected by the X-ray detector 120 is extremely small. can do.
- the X-ray detector 120 may be a silicon drift detector (SDD), a CdTe detector or a CdZnTe detector.
- X-ray detector 120 may be an energy dispersive detector. If the X-ray detector 120 is an energy dispersive detector, the controller (or processor) 140 can determine the substances or elements that make up the foreign matter FS from the energy dispersive element profile (count value for each energy). can.
- Commercially available software may be installed in the controller (or processor) 140 to determine the substances or elements that make up the foreign matter FS. Examples of such software include AMETEK's "XRS-FP Quantitative XRF Analysis Software" and Unique's software.
- the specifications of the X-ray detector 120 can be determined according to the energy resolution required for foreign matter detection.
- detectors with low energy resolution include detectors using scintillators, Si pin photodiodes, or CCDs.
- An example of a detector with higher energy resolution is a detector using a proportional counter.
- detectors with higher energy resolution include CdTe direct transition crystals and detectors to which energy dispersive detection methods such as Si drift detectors are applied.
- An example of a detector with a higher energy resolution is a detector to which a wavelength-dispersive detection method is applied, in which energy is obtained from an angle using an analyzing crystal.
- the incident angle of the fluorescent X-rays from the foreign matter FS to the inspection target surface TS must be the total reflection critical angle ⁇ c or less.
- ⁇ c Critical angle of total reflection
- r e Classical radius of electron (2.818 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 m)
- N 0 Avogadro's number
- ⁇ X-ray wavelength
- ⁇ Density (g/cm 3 )
- Mi xi: atomic number, atomic weight and atomic number ratio (molar ratio) of the i-th atom
- f′ i atomic scattering factor of i-th atom (anomalous dispersion term)
- the critical angle of total reflection when the surface TS to be inspected is metal is approximately 1° or less. In many cases, the critical angle of reflection is different from the theoretical value.
- the inspection object surface TS is irradiated with X-rays XR and the total reflection condition is satisfied, the inspection object surface TS and the characteristic X-ray XF emitted from the foreign matter FS and totally reflected by the inspection object surface TS It was confirmed through experiments that the angle between and (the critical angle for total reflection) is 5° or less.
- the position where the radiation from the foreign matter FS is totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS is , the positions at which the X-rays XR from the X-ray generator XG are incident on the inspection surface IP.
- the inspection surface IP inspection target surface TS
- the position where the foreign object FS radiates and is totally reflected by the inspection object surface TS can be regarded as a position where the X-ray XR from the X-ray generator XG is perpendicularly incident on the inspection plane IP.
- the critical angle of total reflection is 5° or less
- the angle ⁇ formed with the plane IP can be 5° or less, preferably 2° or less, and more preferably 1° or less.
- the smaller the angle ⁇ the more the fluorescent X-rays emitted from the inspection object IT itself and detected by the X-ray detector 120 relative to the X-rays (characteristic X-rays) XF emitted from the foreign object FS and detected by the X-ray detector 120. You can reduce the ratio.
- the X-ray detector 120 can be arranged at a position where the extended plane of the inspection plane IP intersects the X-ray detector 120 .
- the X-ray capturing section 121 can include a window section 122 that transmits X-rays XF, as schematically shown in FIG.
- the window 122 can have a diameter of several mm and a thickness of several hundred ⁇ m, for example.
- the window part 122 can be made of beryllium or the like, for example.
- the inspection apparatus IA has a virtual plane connecting the position where the X-ray XR from the X-ray generator XG is incident on the inspection surface IP and the X-ray capturing section 121 of the X-ray detector 120 .
- a slit member 125 having slits (openings) above the line may be provided.
- the size of the slit provided in the slit member 125 and the arrangement position of the X-ray detector 120 are determined according to the range of the surface to be inspected TS hit by the X-ray XR, the material that can constitute the surface to be inspected TS and the foreign matter FS, and the like. can be As schematically shown in FIG. 7, foreign matter FS1 and FS3 are present at both ends of width Y on inspection target surface TS with which X-ray XR hits, and distance Z from the center of width Y to X-ray capturing unit 121 is is as long as the width Y.
- the lower limit of the width Ws of the slit is Y ⁇ tan ⁇
- the distance X2 between the center of the X-ray capturing portion 121 and the inspection surface IP is also Y ⁇ tan ⁇ . It is possible to detect all foreign objects within the hit range.
- FIG. 6 shows experimentally obtained results of the relationship between the distance D xs (horizontal axis) and the count number (vertical axis) of the foreign matter FS detected by the X-ray detector 120 .
- the count number is the total count number (peak count) of the energy corresponding to the position of the fluorescent X-ray (for example, the K ⁇ ray of Ni) emitted from the specific element contained in the foreign matter per certain time.
- the distance Dxs from the X-ray generation unit XG to the inspection surface IP is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 4 mm or less, and 3 mm or less. It is even more desirable to have As the X-ray generating tube 101, for example, transparent closed microfocus X-ray sources manufactured by Canon Anelva, specifically G series, more specifically G-511 series and G-311 series are useful.
- the distance D sf from the inspection plane IP to the X-ray detection panel 130 needs to be sufficiently larger than D xs . .
- D sf /D xs is desirably 20 or more, and more desirably 200 or more.
- the inspection device IA is useful, for example, in the production process of lithium-ion batteries to detect relics attached to the material, but this is only an example and it is also useful for other purposes.
- the inspection device IA may be used, for example, to measure and analyze airborne particles such as PM2.5 that affect the environment and health.
- the inspection apparatus IA is used to measure the number and size of particles as well as configure particles. Since it is possible to simultaneously identify the substances or elements that are affected, more advanced environmental and health measures can be taken.
- X-rays are emitted toward an inspection surface IP (inspection target surface TS), and X-rays XF emitted from a foreign substance FS present on the inspection target surface TS and totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS are converted into X-rays.
- It may include an x-ray detection step for detection by the detector 120 and a processing step for processing the output of the x-ray detector 120 .
- the processing step may include a step of detecting foreign matter FS and/or a step of identifying substances that constitute foreign matter FS.
- the inspection method can further include a step of detecting, with the X-ray detection panel 130, X-rays transmitted through the inspection object IT having the inspection object surface TS.
- the output of the x-ray detection panel 130 may be processed.
- the processing steps may include detecting the presence of the foreign object FS and the position of the foreign object FS based on the output of the X-ray detection panel 130 .
- the processing may include detecting the presence of the foreign object FS, the location of the foreign object FS, and the size of the foreign object FS based on the output of the x-ray detection panel 130 .
- the inspection device having the function of identifying the substance that constitutes the foreign matter has been described, but the inspection device does not have to have the function of identifying the substance that constitutes the foreign matter.
- the inspection device does not have to have the function of identifying the substance that constitutes the foreign matter.
- the detectable amount of X-rays emitted from a foreign object and totally reflected may be limited.
- sufficient foreign matter identification accuracy cannot be obtained, and foreign matter on the object to be inspected may be overlooked, resulting in a decrease in manufacturing yield.
- high-speed inspection can be realized by constructing an inspection apparatus that detects only the presence or absence of foreign matter without specifying the substance that constitutes the foreign matter.
- an inexpensive X-ray detector for example, a proportional counter or NaI scintillator
- inexpensive X-ray detectors such as PIN and CCD photodiodes, which have a high energy resolution of several eV but do not have an energy analysis function. These inexpensive X-ray detectors have high detection efficiency for low energy X-rays (50 eV to 50 keV).
- the X-ray detector 120 may be an X-ray detector that detects X-rays having energies within the range of 50 eV to 50 keV.
- a plurality of detectors may be provided in order to detect X-rays radiated from a foreign object and totally reflected by irradiation of X-rays from one X-ray generator. By providing a plurality of detectors, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting the X-rays emitted from the foreign object and totally reflected.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows the configuration of the inspection apparatus IA of the second embodiment. Matters not described in the second embodiment may follow the first embodiment.
- the inspection apparatus IA of the second embodiment can include multiple X-ray detectors, for example, a first X-ray detector 1201 and a second X-ray detector 1202 .
- the first X-ray detector 1201 and the second X-ray detector 1202 can be arranged to face each other across the axis AX of the X-ray generating tube 101 .
- the first X-ray detector 1201 and the second X-ray detector 1202 can be arranged to face each other.
- the first X-ray detector 1201 and the second X-ray detector 1202 can be composed of inexpensive X-ray detectors such as PIN photodiodes, for example.
- the inspection apparatus IA of the second embodiment can include slit members 1251 and 1252 similar to the slit member 125 in the inspection apparatus IA of the first embodiment. Slit members 1251 and 1252 can be provided for the first X-ray detector 1201 and the second X-ray detector 1202, respectively.
- X-rays are emitted radially (for example, in all directions of 360 degrees) from the foreign matter FS1 irradiated with the X-rays XR from the X-ray generation unit XG, and part of the X-rays are totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS.
- the X-rays totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS can include, for example, the X-rays XF11 incident on the first X-ray detector 1201 and the X-rays XF12 incident on the second X-ray detector 1202 .
- the illustrated X-rays XF11 and XF12 can also be understood as trajectory vectors of X-ray photons.
- Foreign matter other than the foreign matter FS1 may exist on the surface TS to be inspected. Therefore, the X-ray emitted from the foreign object FS1 and totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS may be blocked by another foreign object and may not enter one of the plurality of X-ray detectors. .
- the plurality of X-ray detectors there is a possibility that one of the plurality of X-ray detectors can detect the X-ray emitted from the foreign object FS1 and totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS. increase.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the configuration of the inspection apparatus IA of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is an oblique view of the inspection apparatus IA. Matters not described in the third embodiment may follow the first or second embodiment. Although the description of the slit member is omitted in FIG. 9, the slit member may be provided as in the second embodiment.
- the inspection apparatus IA can include a transport mechanism CV that transports the inspection object IT along the transport direction DIR.
- the first X-ray detector 1201 and the second X-ray detector 1202 can be arranged at positions separated from each other in a direction parallel to the transport direction DIR or a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the inspection object IT.
- FIG. 9 shows an X-ray XF11 (X-ray photon trajectory vector) and an X-ray XF12 (X ray photon trajectory vectors) are shown.
- the X-rays XF11 enter the first X-ray detector 1201 and the X-rays XF12 enter the second X-ray detector 1202 .
- a foreign substance FS2 different from the foreign substance FS1 may exist on the inspection target surface TS.
- the foreign object FS2 exists between the foreign object FS1 and the first X-ray detector 1201.
- the X-ray XF11 cannot be detected by the first X-ray detector 1201.
- second X-ray detector 1202 can detect X-rays XF12 from foreign object FS1. As a result, the possibility of overlooking the foreign matter on the inspection surface TS of the inspection object IT is reduced, and a decrease in manufacturing yield can be prevented.
- the position of the foreign object can be estimated from the positional relationship between the second detector 1202 that detected the foreign object and the first detector 1201 that failed to detect the foreign object. For example, in the example of FIG. 9, it can be estimated that a foreign object FS2 exists between the foreign object FS1 and the second X-ray detector 1202.
- FIG. 9 it can be estimated that a foreign object FS2 exists between the foreign object FS1 and the second X-ray detector 1202.
- the inspection apparatus IA may include an additional X-ray detector arranged to detect X-rays totally reflected from foreign matter present on the opposite side of the inspection target surface TS.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows the configuration of the inspection apparatus IA of the fourth embodiment. Matters not described in the fourth embodiment can follow the first to third embodiments.
- FIG. 10 shows X-rays XF11 and XF12 emitted from the foreign matter FS1 and totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS.
- the inspection apparatus IA of the fourth embodiment can include an X-ray detector 1205 having an elongated X-ray capturing portion 1206 extending in a certain direction.
- the X-ray detector 1205 may consist of inexpensive X-ray detectors such as PIN photodiodes.
- the X-ray capturing portion 1206 extends in a direction parallel to a plane parallel to the inspection target surface TS.
- the X-ray capturing section 1206 extends in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the inspection object IT. From a further point of view, the X-ray capturing section 1206 extends in a direction parallel to the transport direction DIR.
- the X-ray capturing portion 1206 can have a rectangular shape with short sides and long sides, the longitudinal direction being the direction parallel to the long sides.
- the long sides can, for example, have a length that is three or more times the length of the short sides.
- inspection apparatus IA may have a slit member having a slit, and the slit member may have a rectangular shape extending along the longitudinal direction of X-ray capturing section 1206 . .
- the slit may be divided into a plurality of partial slits and arranged.
- the slit member is advantageous for improving foreign matter detection accuracy. Also, by providing the slit member, the position of the foreign matter can be identified based on the positional relationship between the X-ray receiving portion 1206 and the slit.
- the elongated X-ray capturing unit 1206 detects the foreign object FS1 even when part of the X-rays emitted from the foreign object FS1 and totally reflected by the inspection target surface TS are blocked by another foreign object FS2. It is advantageous to In the example of FIG. 10, the X-ray XF11 emitted from the foreign object FS1 and totally reflected by the inspection value front TS can be blocked by the foreign object FS2, but the X-ray XF12 emitted from the foreign object FS1 and totally reflected by the inspection value front TS It can be incident on the X-ray capturing portion 1206 .
- Inspection apparatus IA may comprise two or more X-ray detectors 1205 .
- Such two or more X-ray detectors 1205 can be arranged such that their longitudinal direction coincides with a direction parallel to the transport direction DIR. In addition, two or more such X-ray detectors 1205 can be stacked in a direction orthogonal to the transport direction DIR.
- the inspection apparatus IA may further include an X-ray detector having an X-ray receiving portion having a longitudinal direction extending along a direction that intersects the transport direction DIR, for example, a direction perpendicular to the transport direction DIR.
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Abstract
Description
θc:全反射臨界角
re:電子の古典半径(2.818×10-15m)
N0:アボガドロ数
λ:X線の波長
ρ:密度(g/cm3)
Zi,Mi,xi:i番目の原子の原子番号,原子量および原子数比(モル比)
f’i:i番目の原子の原子散乱因子(異常分散項)
Claims (20)
- 検査面に配置された検査対象面を検査する検査装置であって、
電子線が照射されることによってX線を発生するX線発生部を含むターゲットを有し、前記検査面に向けてX線を放射するX線発生管と、
前記X線発生部からのX線が照射された前記検査対象面に存在する異物から放射され前記検査対象面で全反射されたX線を検出するX線検出器と、を備え、
前記X線検出器は1keV以上のエネルギー分解能を有し、又は、前記X線検出器はエネルギー分析機能を有しない、
ことを特徴とする検査装置。 - 前記X線検出器からの出力に基づいて前記異物を検出する処理を行うプロセッサを更に備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線検出器は、50eV~50keVの範囲内のエネルギーを有するX線を検出可能である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の検査装置。 - 前記検査面と前記X線発生部との距離が5mm以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の検査装置。 - 前記検査面と前記X線発生部との距離が3mm以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線発生部からのX線が前記検査面に入射する位置と前記X線検出器のX線取込部を結ぶ仮想線と前記検査面とがなす角度が5°以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線発生部からのX線が前記検査面に入射する位置と前記X線検出器のX線取込部を結ぶ仮想線と前記検査面とがなす角度が2°以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の検査装置。 - 前記仮想線の上にスリットを有するスリット部材を更に備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線発生部から放射され、前記検査対象面を有する検査対象物を透過したX線を検出するX線検出パネルを更に備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線発生管は、密閉透過型である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線発生管は、前記ターゲットを保持するターゲット保持板を備え、前記ターゲット保持板の厚さは、4mm以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の検査装置。 - 前記ターゲット保持板は、ダイヤモンドを含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の検査装置。 - 前記検査対象面を有する検査対象物を搬送する搬送機構を更に備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線検出器の他に、前記X線発生部からのX線が照射された前記検査対象面に存在する異物から放射され前記検査対象面で全反射されたX線を検出する少なくとも1つのX線検出器を更に備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線検出器および前記少なくとも1つのX線検出器は、前記搬送機構による前記検査対象物の搬送方向に平行な方向に互いに離隔して配置されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線検出器は、長尺状のX線取込部を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の検査装置。 - 前記X線取込部の長手方向は、前記搬送機構による前記検査対象物の搬送方向に平行な方向に平行である、
ことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の検査装置。 - 検査面に配置された検査対象面を検査する検査方法であって、
前記検査面に向けてX線を放射し、前記検査対象面に存在する異物から放射され前記検査対象面で全反射されたX線をX線検出器によって検出するX線検出工程と、
前記X線検出器の出力を処理する処理工程と、を含み、
前記X線検出器は1keV以上のエネルギー分解能を有し、又は、前記X線検出器はエネルギー分析機能を有しない、
ことを特徴とする検査方法。 - 前記処理工程は、前記異物を検出する工程を含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の検査方法。 - 前記X線検出器は、50eV~50keVの範囲内のエネルギーを有するX線を検出可能である、
ことを特徴とする請求項18又は19に記載の検査方法。
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