WO2023152019A1 - Installation de séparation des composants d'un mélange de fibres et granules par battage du mélange au moyen d'un champ électrique alternatif - Google Patents
Installation de séparation des composants d'un mélange de fibres et granules par battage du mélange au moyen d'un champ électrique alternatif Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023152019A1 WO2023152019A1 PCT/EP2023/052538 EP2023052538W WO2023152019A1 WO 2023152019 A1 WO2023152019 A1 WO 2023152019A1 EP 2023052538 W EP2023052538 W EP 2023052538W WO 2023152019 A1 WO2023152019 A1 WO 2023152019A1
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- components
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- sieve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/023—Non-uniform field separators
- B03C7/026—Non-uniform field separators using travelling or oscillating electric fields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/006—Charging without electricity supply, e.g. by tribo-electricity or pyroelectricity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/06—Separators with cylindrical material carriers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the general field of installations and separation processes intended to separate the various components of a mixture containing at least a first family of components and a second family of components.
- the present invention finds particular application in the treatment of industrial waste which is in the form of a mixture containing at least two families of components, and in particular in the treatment of a mixture containing on the one hand fibers and on the other hand, granules, with a view to recycling the constituent materials of these components.
- the invention finds more particular application in the treatment of mixtures which result from the grinding of pneumatic tires and which contain textile fibers, in particular polyethylene terephthalate, and granules of rubber-based material.
- the present invention is particularly applicable to the treatment of mixtures whose components are of millimeter and sub-millimeter size, that is to say in particular to the treatment of mixtures which contain fibers whose diameter is between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm for a length comprised between 1 mm and 10 mm, and granules whose equivalent diameter is comprised between 125 ⁇ m and 5 mm.
- Such known methods may in particular have limited effectiveness, in particular when they treat mixtures of very heterogeneous composition which contain on the one hand granules and on the other hand fibers, because a certain number of fibers and granules tend to stick together.
- the energy efficiency of known separation installations is sometimes mediocre, insofar as it is necessary, to process a given quantity of mixture, to implement a relatively high quantity of energy.
- a significant part of the incoming energy is dissipated by the drive mechanism of the sieve, and even the kinetic energy actually acquired by the sieve is in turn not not fully converted into a stirring and agitating action capable of individually agitating the various components of the mixture relative to each other, so that ultimately only part of the incoming energy actually contributes to the action of dissociation of agglomerates of components.
- the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a new separation installation which has increased efficiency, in particular for the treatment of mixtures composed of fibers and granules.
- the objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a separation installation intended to receive a mixture containing at least a first family of components, preferably fibers, and a second family of components, preferably granules , in order to separate the components belonging to the first family from the components belonging to the second family, said installation being characterized in that it comprises an electric threshing chamber which comprises:
- receptacle which is arranged to receive the mixture and which is provided with a sieve
- the invention makes it possible to replace mechanically induced threshing, typical of known installations using vibrating screens, with electrically induced threshing.
- the alternating nature of the electric agitation field makes it possible to agitate the mixture in all directions, by exerting on the components of the mixture, and more particularly on each individual component of the mixture, electrical forces which are oriented alternately in one direction and then in the opposite direction, at the rhythm of the frequency of the alternating electric field of agitation.
- Such agitation makes it possible to multiply the number, intensity and frequency of the mechanical shocks to which the components are subjected when the said components, under the effect of the alternating agitation movements induced by the electric agitation field, come into collision between them or strike any obstacle present in their path, such as one or the other of the first and second electrodes, a wall of the receptacle, or more particularly the sieve.
- Such a multiplication of the impacts facilitates the dislocation of the agglomerates of components, in particular when one is in the presence of agglomerates where fibers and granules intermingle and/or adhere to each other.
- the multiplication of impacts causes and promotes the dissociation of the mixture into separate components, which consequently improves the efficiency of the sieving action.
- the inventors have observed that, unlike known electrostatic separation installations which require the components to be first given a sufficient electrostatic charge, for example by means of a tribocharger, before being able to then extract the components charged by means of a fixed electric field, the excitation by an alternating electric field according to the invention makes it possible to obtain an immediate agitation of the components, which react as soon as one or the other of the components considered is either polarized, that is to say that said component has a globally neutral charge but has within it an imbalance in the local distribution of charges which gives it the properties of a dipole, either charged, that is to say that said component has its own non-zero, positive or negative electric charge.
- the reaction of the component to the alternating electric field occurs even if this polarization or this charge of the component is slight.
- the alternating electric field of agitation is sufficient by itself to cause the components to move almost instantaneously, according to repeated and relatively disordered movements sufficiently powerful to dissociate the components from each other. , and this even from a mixture whose components are initially weakly polarized or even non-polarized and/or weakly charged or even non-charged.
- Figure 1 illustrates, in an overall perspective view, an example of installation according to the invention, in which the receptacle receiving the mixture is formed by a cylindrical sieving drum whose side wall forms both the first electrode and the sieve.
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the installation of Figure 1, with tearing of material along a vertical section plane transverse to the central axis of the sieving drum.
- Figure 3 is a detail view, in front section in the vertical section plane of Figure 2, of the electric threshing chamber of the installation of Figures 1 and 2.
- Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view, in a vertical section plane containing the central axis of the sieving drum, of the installation of Figures 1 to 3.
- Figure 5 illustrates, in a schematic front view, the principle of adjusting the azimuthal orientation of the second electrode depending on the direction of rotation of the sieving drum.
- Figure 6 illustrates, in a perspective view, an example of a second electrode used by the installation of Figures 1 to 5.
- the present invention relates to a separation installation 100, such as that illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, which is intended to receive a mixture 1 containing at least a first family of components 2 and a second family of components 3, in order to to separate the components 2 belonging to the first family from the components 3 belonging to the second family.
- the components 2 of the first family are preferably solid components, and more preferably fibers 2, as shown schematically in Figure 3.
- the components 3 of the second family are preferably also solid components, and more preferably granules 3, as shown schematically in Figure 3.
- the invention remains potentially applicable to very varied mixtures of components 2, 3, and could for example be used for the separation of the components of a mixture which would contain two families of granules having structures or shapes distinct, and/or distinct dielectric constants, and/or distinct chemical compositions, and/or distinct densities.
- the components of the first family will be fibers 2.
- Said fibers 2 will have a thin and elongated shape, preferably substantially cylindrical.
- the components 2 of the first family can therefore be likened to fibers 2 in what follows.
- At least a part, preferably the majority of said fibers 2 present in the mixture 1 (that is to say more than 50% of the total number of fibers present), and more preferably all (100% of the number total fibers present) of said fibers 2 which are present in the mixture 1, will have a length of between 1 mm and 10 mm, while the largest of their transverse dimensions, that is to say the largest of the dimensions considered perpendicular to their length, that is to say typically the diameter in the case of a fiber of cylindrical shape, will be between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm.
- the installation 100 will preferably be designed to be able to separate and recover (at least) fibers of such dimensions.
- the fibers 2 will have a dimension, called length, which is significantly greater than the other two dimensions, called transverse dimensions, and more particularly will have a length at least 5 times, preferably at least 10 times, at least 20 times, or even at least 50 times or even 100 times greater than the larger of these two transverse dimensions, that is to say, typically, in the case of a fiber 2 of cylindrical shape, a length at least 5 times , preferably at least 10 times, at least 20 times, even at least 50 times or even 100 times greater than the diameter of the fiber 2 concerned.
- the fibers 2 may consist of a natural or synthetic textile material, and more preferably of a polymer or a combination of polymers from (non-exhaustive list): polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE ), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PS polystyrene
- the components of the second family will be granules 3.
- the components 3 of the second family can therefore be likened to granules 3 in what follows.
- At least some of the granules 3 present in mixture 1, preferably the majority of granules 3 present in mixture 1 (more than 50% of the total number of granules present), and more preferably all of said granules 3 present in mixture 1 (100% of the total number of granules present), will preferably have an equivalent diameter of between 125 ⁇ m and 5 mm, and, preferably, a form factor of between 1 and 2.
- equivalent diameter is meant the diameter that would have a fictitious sphere that would occupy the same volume as the volume occupied by the granule 3 considered.
- shape factor denotes the ratio between, on the one hand, the maximum Féret diameter, that is to say the maximum distance, observable for the granule 3 considered, between two straight lines which are parallel between they are tangent respectively to opposite sides of said granule 3 considered, and on the other hand the minimum Féret diameter, that is to say the minimum distance, observable for the granule 3 considered, between two straight lines which are parallel to each other and tangent respectively to opposite sides of said considered granule.
- This form factor makes it possible to give a good indication of the slenderness of the granules 3. For information, it is recalled that a form factor equal to 1 corresponds to a sphere, and that a form factor equal to the root square of 2 is a cube.
- the installation 100 will preferably be designed to be able to separate and recover (at least) fibers 2 having the aforementioned dimensions, and more particularly to be able to sort, by separating them, on the one hand fibers 2 of such dimensions and on the other hand granules 3 having the dimensions mentioned above, which are initially mixed with each other in the mixture 1.
- the installation 100 will make it possible in particular to treat mixtures 1 whose proportion by weight of the fibers 2, relative to the total weight of the mixture 1, represents between 5% and 75%, and preferably more than 60% while the proportion by weight of the granules 3, relative to the total weight of the mixture 1, represents between 25% and 95%, and preferably less than 40%.
- the installation 100 comprises a chamber 4 of electric threshing.
- Said chamber 4 is intended to subject the mixture 1 to a beating operation, that is to say to subject the mixture 1 to successive shocks, here facing a sieve 6, to separate the components 2 of the first family from the components 3 of the second family.
- This beating operation advantageously takes place by a dry process, that is to say without it being necessary to add any liquid additive to mixture 1, in particular a liquid solvent, or to immerse said mixture 1 in any solution.
- the operation can advantageously take place under a gaseous atmosphere, for example under an ambient atmosphere (air), or optionally under a gaseous atmosphere of controlled composition and/or hygrometry, such as an atmosphere of dry nitrogen.
- the electric threshing chamber 4 comprises:
- receptacle 5 which is arranged to receive the mixture 1 and which is provided with a sieve 6,
- a generator 10 making it possible to apply between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 an alternating voltage so as to generate between said first and second electrodes 7, 8 an alternating electric field 11, called "electric field of agitation 11, capable of alternately projecting all or part of the components 2, 3 of the mixture 1 contained in the receptacle 5 towards or against the first electrode 7 then towards or against the second electrode 8, in order to generate shocks on said components 2, 3 mechanisms contributing to dislocate the mixture 1 within the receptacle 5 and to facilitate the passage of components 3 belonging to the second family through the sieve 6, while said sieve 6 ensures retention in the receptacle 5 of components 2 belonging to the first family.
- the receptacle 5 is arranged so that at least part of the mixture 1 contained in the receptacle 5, and preferably all of the mixture 1 contained in said receptacle 5, is located between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8, in the air gap 9 defined between them by said first and second electrodes 7, 8.
- the alternating electric stirring field 11 when activated, excites the components 2, 3 present in the air gap 9 and exerts on said components 2, 3 electrical forces which are directed in directions which periodically reverse, at the frequency of the alternating electric field, so that said electric forces point alternately towards the first electrode 7 then towards the second electrode 8 and so on, which has the effect of tossing the components 2, 3 in the receptacle 5, by imposing on said components multiple and repeated changes of direction, according to the alternations of the electric agitation field 11, but also according to the rebounds of the components 2, 3, when the said components 2, 3 thus set in motion collide with each other or reach any obstacle within the receptacle 5.
- the beating operation makes it possible to promote the passage through the sieve 6 of the components 3 of the second family, here granules 3, because said beating operation makes it possible to shake the mixture 1, and therefore especially the components 3 of the second family, in contact with the sieve 6, after said components 3 of the second family have been dissociated from the components 2 of the second family, here an entanglement of fibers 2, which initially prevented the components 3 of the first family from pass through mesh M6 of sieve 6.
- the receptacle 5 containing the mixture 1, and more preferably the sieve 6, will preferably form a wall which is closed on itself around, at least, the second electrode 8.
- the mixture 1 will advantageously be beaten inside a confined space, in the enclosure delimited by the receptacle 5 and containing the second electrode 8, without risk of the mixture dispersing outside the receptacle 5, in particular as long as said mixture 1 will not have been dissociated by the threshing action and subjected to the sieving operation.
- the sieve 6 will form at least a portion, or even all, of the wall of the receptacle 5 surrounding the second electrode 8.
- the second electrode 8 will of course be at a distance from the wall of the receptacle 5, so as to preserve an available space between said wall of the receptacle 5 and said second electrode 8, to accommodate the mixture 1 and stir it.
- a first electrode 7 and a second electrode 8 can be used, which are both separate from the sieve 6. According to one possible arrangement, it is then possible to place inside the receptacle 5, and more particularly inside the screen 6, forming a cage, both the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8. components can then alternately strike the first electrode 7 then the second electrode 8, and fall back, or be projected by rebound, against the sieve 6 which surrounds the air gap 9, and more particularly which extends at least partly below said air gap 9 in order to be able to collect the components 2, 3 by gravity.
- the first electrode 7 can be placed outside the receptacle 5, the second electrode 8 inside the receptacle 5, preferably vertically plumb with the first electrode 7 , so that the wall of the receptacle 5, and more particularly the sieve 6, will extend partly between the two electrodes 7, 8, in the air gap 9.
- the components 2, 3 subjected to the electric field stirrer 11 will alternately strike the second electrode 8 then the wall of the receptacle 5, and more particularly the sieve 6.
- the sieve 6 itself forms the first electrode 7.
- the first electrode 7 is preferably integrated into the structure of the sieve 6, and more preferably merged with the structure of the sieve 6.
- the air gap 9 then corresponds to the empty space which extends between the second electrode 8 and the sieve 6, and therefore more particularly between the second electrode 8 and the wall of the receptacle 5 which incorporates the sieve 6.
- Such an arrangement is advantageously particularly simple and compact. It is also relatively insensitive to fouling, and advantageously makes it possible to treat a large volume of mixture 1 with great efficiency.
- Such an arrangement also makes it possible to precipitate and strike the components 2, 3 of the mixture 1 against the sieve 6, thanks to the action of the electric stirring field 11, and to stir in direct contact with the sieve 6 the mixture 1 subjected to electric stirring, which promotes the sieving action which makes it possible to selectively let out the components 3 of the second family, here the granules 3, out of the receptacle 5, through the sieve 6, while the components 2 of the first family, here the fibers 2, are retained by the sieve 6 inside the receptacle 5.
- the wall of the receptacle 5, and more particularly the sieve 6, preferably has a concave shape vis-à-vis the second electrode 8, more preferably a curved concave shape, preferably a cylindrical shape whose base forms an arc of a circle or even a complete circle, so as to favor the redirection towards the second electrode 8 of the components 2, 3 subjected to agitation by the alternating electric field 11, in particular when the said components 2, 3 rebound against the surface inside the wall of the receptacle 5, oriented towards the second electrode 8.
- such a hollow shape of the wall of the receptacle 5, and more particularly of the sieve 6, makes it possible, when said wall, respectively said sieve 6, extends below the second electrode 8, to keep , by simple effect of gravity, the mixture 1 in the air gap 9, substantially vertically plumb with the second electrode 8.
- the length of the air gap 9, that is to say the distance which separates the first electrode 7 from the second electrode 8 in the portion of the receptacle 5 receiving the mixture 1, here more particularly the vertical distance which separates the screen 6 from the second electrode 8, is preferably between 30 mm and 200 mm, or between 30 mm and 150 mm, for example between 30 mm and 60 mm.
- Such a distance range makes it possible both on the one hand to provide a reception and travel volume which is spacious enough to treat a significant quantity of mixture 1 and on the other hand to apply an electric field of agitation 11 which is of sufficient intensity to animate the components 2, 3 of the desired threshing movement.
- the electric threshing chamber 4 is preferably delimited by casing panels 12 which separate said chamber 4, and therefore in particular the receptacle 5 and the electrodes 7, 8, from the external environment of the installation 100, in particular to contain within the installation 100 the components 2, 3 of the treated mixture 1, and thus avoid the dispersion of said components 2, 3 in the environment.
- the casing panels 12 may in particular comprise side panels as well as an upper cover (the latter having been removed in the figures for greater visibility).
- the first electrode 7, and more particularly the sieve 6 forming said first electrode 7, is connected to the same ground as the generator 10, and more preferably connected to earth.
- Such an assembly is particularly simple and reliable, and makes it possible to apply to the second electrode 8 a voltage whose sign changes from positive to negative (then vice versa) at each alternation, with respect to the first electrode 7 which represents the reference potential, here a zero potential. It is thus possible to easily generate in the air gap 9, with respect to the first electrode 7 and therefore more preferably with respect to the sieve 6, an electric stirring field 11 whose sign alternates with the frequency of the voltage delivered by the generator 10 .
- the first electrode 7, and more particularly the sieve 6 forming said first electrode 7, is covered with a layer of electrically insulating material.
- electrically insulating material is meant here a material which has a resistivity equal to or greater than 10 10 ⁇ m at a temperature of 300 Kelvin.
- the insulating layer may for example take the form of a coating, for example of PTFE or PET, preferably with a thickness of between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, which will be deposited on the core of the electrode 7, itself made of metal, for example copper alloy, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.
- the insulating layer makes it possible to prevent the formation of electric arcs between the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8, and more particularly between the screen 6 and the second electrode 8, which makes it possible to apply a field electric stirrer 11 of high intensity without risk of damaging the installation 100 or the components 2, 3 of the mixture 1.
- the insulating layer makes it possible to avoid an exchange of charges between said first electrode 7 and the components 2, 3 which come into contact with the surface of said first electrode 7 during the beating action. A depolarization or loss of charge of the components 2, 3 is thus avoided when these touch the first electrode 7, and more particularly the sieve 6. In this way, the effectiveness of the action of the electric stirring field 11 on said components 2, 3 is preserved and optimized.
- the second electrode 8 may optionally be coated with a layer of electrically insulating material.
- the receptacle 5 is formed, as can be seen in Figures 1 to 4, by a sieving drum 13 of cylindrical shape, preferably of circular base section, said sieving drum 13 being delimited by a tubular side wall 13L which extends along and around a central axis XI 3.
- the internal diameter of the screening drum 13 may preferably be between 200 mm and 1000 mm, for example between 200 mm and 400 mm.
- At least a portion of the side wall 13L of the sieving drum 13 forms the sieve 6.
- the sieve 6 may be formed by a grid, or a set of grids, integrated into the side wall 13L, or even, as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 4, by a series of holes 14 drilled through the radial thickness of the side wall 13L.
- the sieve 6 occupies, in azimuth around the central axis X13, a cumulative angular sector of at least 120 degrees, so as to extend over at least one third of the circumference of the side wall 13L , preferably at least 240 degrees, or even 360 degrees so as to extend over the entire periphery of the side wall 13L.
- the first electrode 7 is preferably integrated into the side wall 13L of the sieving drum 13.
- the second electrode 8 is then for its part preferably housed inside the sieving drum 13, at a radial distance from the side wall 13L which surrounds said second electrode 8.
- the side wall 13L thus delimits a closed enclosure around the central axis X13, and therefore around the second electrode 8, which makes it possible in particular to keep the mixture 1 captive in said enclosure during the beating action, as already indicated above.
- axial is meant a direction parallel to the direction of the axis considered, here the central axis XI 3.
- radial is meant a direction perpendicular to the axis considered, here the central axis XI 3.
- the second electrode 8 can preferably be in the form of a cylindrical section, obtained by scanning a base section 8A along a segment right, called "generator segment" X8, which is normal to said base section 8A.
- the second electrode 8 is positioned within the sieving drum 13 parallel to central axis X13, that is to say so that its generator segment X8 is parallel to central axis XI 3.
- the overall dimensions of the base section 8A of the second electrode 8 are such that said second electrode 8 is contained inside a fictitious gauge cylinder whose central axis coincides with the generating segment.
- the second electrode 8 is, when it is positioned within the installation 100, contained inside a fictitious gauge cylinder which is centered on central axis X13 and whose radius is included between 30% and 75% of the internal radius of the screening drum 13, for example between 50% and 65% of the internal radius of the screening drum 13, so that said second electrode 8 is substantially centered on the base section of the screening drum screen 13, at a distance from any point on the side wall 13L of the screen drum 13.
- the second electrode 8, and therefore the air gap 9 defined radially plumb (here vertically plumb) of said second electrode 8 and allowing the electric beating action can thus be preferably extend over an axial range which represents at least 25%, preferably at least 50%, or even at least 65% of the total axial length of the screening drum 13.
- the installation 100 may comprise a drive system 15 arranged to drive the sieving drum 13 in rotation RI 3 on itself, around its central axis XI 3.
- This drive system 15 is driven by a motor 16, preferably an electric motor 16.
- the rotation RI 3 of the sieving drum 13 relative to the frame of the installation 100, and therefore relative to the second electrode 8 which is itself preferably fixed, relative to the frame of the installation 100, provides several useful effects.
- the first effect is to provide additional mechanical mixing of the components 2, 3 in contact with the sieve 6, in addition to the beating movements induced by the electric stirring field 11, additional mechanical mixing which promotes the action of sieving.
- a second possible effect is a tribo-charging effect, which makes it possible to confer on the components 2, 3, by friction, depending on the nature of the components 2, 3, an electrostatic charge which will reinforce the electrical forces exerted by the field stirrer 11 on the components 2, 3 concerned, and therefore the stirring effect of said components 2, 3.
- a third possible effect is to promote the transport of the mixture along the central axis X13, to allow the evacuation of the first product PI retained by the sieve 6, and, more generally, to allow the treatment of a continuous flow of incoming mixture 1.
- the central axis X13 of the sieving drum 13 is preferably inclined with respect to the horizontal according to a slope with a non-zero angle and less than 30 degrees, so that the drum screen 13 can gradually convey the mixture 1 along the central axis X13 in an upstream-downstream direction which corresponds to the direction of the downward slope.
- the slope angle can preferably be adjusted by means of a tilt adjustment mechanism 17, of the rocker plate 17 type.
- the sieve 6 is located in an upstream section 13A of the sieving drum 13, while the sieving drum 13 has an outlet 20 in a downstream section 13B.
- the outlet 20 will be intended to discharge out of the sieving drum 13 the components retained by the sieve 6.
- Said outlet 20 may for example comprise, as can be seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, windows cut out at through the radial thickness of the side wall 13L, in the downstream section 13B. These windows will of course be strictly wider than the mesh M6 of the sieve 6 which precedes them along the central axis X13.
- the installation 100 will preferably comprise a supply device (not shown), of the hopper or Archimedes screw type, which makes it possible to supply the electric threshing chamber 4 with mixture 1, and more particularly to pour said mixture 1 continuously, or in successive batches, into the receptacle 5, here in the upstream portion 13 A of the sieving drum 13.
- the installation 100 comprises on the one hand a first collector 21 arranged opposite the outlet 20 of the sieving drum 13 to collect a first product PI resulting from the mixture and whose content of components 2 of the first family, here the content of fibers 2, is higher than that of the mixture 1, and on the other hand a second collector 22 arranged vis-à-vis the sieve 6, here below said sieve 6, in order to collect a second product P2 from the mixture and whose content of components 3 of the second family, here the content of granules 3, is greater than that of mixture 1.
- the first and second collectors 21, 22 will preferably be arranged under the receptacle 5, preferably here under the screening drum 13, respectively under the downstream section 13B and under the upstream section 13A of said screening drum 13, so to be able to collect by gravity the components 2, 3 coming from the receptacle 5.
- the first and second collectors 21, 22 may take the form of bins, arranged under the sieving drum 13.
- the first and second collectors 21, 22 may each be associated with an extraction conveyor (not shown), such as a belt conveyor, which is arranged to evacuate the product P1, P2 collected by the collector 21, 22 considered outside the chamber 4, and more generally outside the installation 100.
- an extraction conveyor such as a belt conveyor, which is arranged to evacuate the product P1, P2 collected by the collector 21, 22 considered outside the chamber 4, and more generally outside the installation 100.
- Such conveyors will advantageously allow continuous operation of the installation 100.
- the second electrode 8 has, vis-à-vis the first electrode 7, or more particularly vis-à-vis the sieve 6, a shape not plane comprising at least one concave portion formed by an indentation 30, re-entrant, bordered by two lobes 31, protruding.
- the second electrode 8 may have, as is clearly visible in Figures 2, 3 and 6, two concave portions formed by two adjacent indentations 30 delimited by a succession of three lobes 31.
- a non-planar, substantially undulating shape of the second electrode and more particularly a concave shape of the base section 8A alternating one or more recesses (the indentations 30) with projecting elements (The lobes 31) favored the multiplication of the impacts and rebounds of the components 2, 3 in multiple directions, and therefore favored the dislocation of the agglomerates.
- the inventors have also found that, during the treatment of a mixture of fibers 2 and granules 3, such a shape of the second electrode 8 favors an accumulation, in the hollow of the indentations 30, of particularly pure fibers 2, under the action of the electric stirring field 11, which facilitated the evacuation of the granules 3 through the sieve and the formation in the receptacle 5 of a first particularly well purified product PI, very rich in fibers 2.
- the installation 100 will include one or more adjustment mechanisms making it possible to modify the (fixed) position of the second electrode 8 with respect to the first electrode 7, and more particularly to modify the (fixed) position of the second electrode 8 with respect to the central axis X13 of the screening drum 13.
- the installation 100 may in particular comprise a position adjustment mechanism 32 which will make it possible to modify, in translation in a plane normal to the central axis X13, the position of the second electrode 8 with respect to the origin that forms the central axis X13, that is to say the eccentricity, positive or zero, of the second electrode 8 with respect to the sieving drum 13, and more particularly which will make it possible to modify the height of the second electrode 8 with respect to the sieving drum 13, in particular relative to the portion forming the low point of the radially inner face of the sieving drum 13 in the plane considered, and therefore relative to the surface of the sieve 6 retaining the components.
- a position adjustment mechanism 32 which will make it possible to modify, in translation in a plane normal to the central axis X13, the position of the second electrode 8 with respect to the origin that forms the central axis X13, that is to say the eccentricity, positive or zero, of the second electrode 8 with respect to the sieving drum 13, and more particularly which will make it possible to modify the height of the second electrode 8
- the installation comprises an orientation adjustment mechanism 33 which makes it possible to modify the azimuthal orientation A8 of the second electrode 8 in roll around an axis parallel to the central axis X13 of the sieving drum 13 , and more preferably around said central axis X13 of the sieving drum 13, in order to orient the indentation(s) 30 of the second electrode 8 in a direction oblique with respect to the vertical, in the direction which corresponds to the direction of rotation RI 3 of the sieving drum 13, as shown in Figure 5.
- an orientation adjustment mechanism 33 which makes it possible to modify the azimuthal orientation A8 of the second electrode 8 in roll around an axis parallel to the central axis X13 of the sieving drum 13 , and more preferably around said central axis X13 of the sieving drum 13, in order to orient the indentation(s) 30 of the second electrode 8 in a direction oblique with respect to the vertical, in the direction which corresponds to the direction of rotation RI 3 of the sieving drum 13, as shown in Figure 5.
- the corrugated surface of the electrode 8, and more particularly the indentation(s) 30, can thus point, with respect to a vertical reference plane PO containing the central axis X13, on one side of said vertical plane of reference PO which corresponds to the side where the mixture 1 contained in the receptacle 5 tends to accumulate under the effect of the rotation R13 of the sieving drum 13, which makes it possible to direct the electric field of agitation 11 towards the zone where, potentially, one encounters the greatest thickness of mixture 1 on the sieve 6.
- This makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of the electric threshing, and more generally the combination of the electric threshing and the rotary mechanical stirring.
- the second electrode 8 has a sagittal plane containing the generator segment X8, and with respect to which the lobes 31, and the indentation(s) 30, have a symmetrical arrangement.
- the orientation adjustment mechanism 33 will then preferably make it possible to tilt this sagittal plane with respect to the vertical reference plane PO containing the central axis XI 3 of the sieving drum 13, as can be seen in FIG. , preferably using a pivot axis which coincides with said central axis XI 3 of the screening drum 13.
- the frequency of the alternating voltage applied by the generator 10, and therefore the frequency of the electric stirring field 11 is chosen equal to or greater than 5 Hz, and preferably between 7 Hz and 200 Hz.
- a relatively high frequency causes frequent changes of direction of the electrical forces exerted on the components 2, 3, and therefore an acceleration and an at the same time very jerky and rapid agitation of the components 2, 3, which on the one hand increases the frequency of the mechanical shocks undergone by the components 2, 3, and on the other hand increases the speed and therefore the kinetic energy of the components 2, 3, and consequently the intensity of said shocks, which leads to dissociation very effectively agglomerates.
- the peak intensity of the alternations of the stirring electric field 11, considered at a point located on a virtual line segment corresponding to the shortest distance separating the first electrode 7 from the second electrode 8, here at a point of the air gap 9 in which the mixture 1 is exposed to the beating action is between 200 kV/m and 1000 kV/m.
- the generator 10 will preferably deliver an alternating voltage so the peak value is between 10 kV and 60 kV.
- the M6 mesh of the sieve will of course be adapted to the shapes and dimensions of the components 2, 3.
- the mesh M6 of the sieve (6) is between 1 mm and 10 mm, and more preferably between 2 mm and 5 mm
- the invention also relates as such to a method of separation implementing an operation of beating a mixture 1 of components 2, 3 by an alternating electric field 11.
- the invention relates to a separation process allowing, from a mixture 1 containing at least a first family of components 2, preferably fibers 2, and a second family of components 3, preferably granules 3, to separate the components 2 belonging to the first family from the components 3 belonging to the second family, said method comprising for this purpose a supply step (SI), during which the mixture 1 is brought into a receptacle 5 provided of a sieve 6, a step (S2) of electric beating, during which the components 2, 3 of the mixture 1 contained in the receptacle 5 are stirred by means of an alternating electric field, called "electric stirring field 11, so as to subject said components 2, 3 to mechanical shocks to dissociate them from each other, and a sieving step (S3) during which the mixture 1 subjected to the step (S2) of electric beating in order to retain in the receptacle 5 a first product PI resulting from the mixture 1, which first product PI has a content of components 2 of the first family greater than that of the mixture 1, while through sieve 6
- this separation process takes place by a dry process, and aims more specifically to separate from each other the components 2, 3 which are located in the solid state.
- the stirring electric field 11 is produced by applying an alternating voltage between on the one hand the sieve 6, forming a first electrode 7, and on the other leaves a second electrode 8 which is placed inside the receptacle 5, at a distance from the sieve 6.
- the method applies to a mixture comprising as first family of components fibers 2, preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate, and as second family of components granules 3, preferably made of rubber-based material.
- At least a part of the fibers 2 have a length equal to or greater than a first predetermined reference value L2, while at least a part of the granules 3 have an equivalent diameter which is equal to or less than a second predetermined reference value L3, strictly lower than the first reference value L2.
- the invention relates to a process for recycling a tire, said process comprising a grinding step, during which at least a portion of said tire is reduced, for example all or part of the tread of said tire, made of a mixture 1 containing textile fibers 2 and granules 3 of rubber-based material, then a sorting step during which a separation process according to the invention is applied to said mixture 1, in accordance with what has been described above.
Landscapes
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/833,239 US12478981B2 (en) | 2022-02-09 | 2023-02-02 | Apparatus for separating the components of a mixture of fibres and granules by beating the mixture by means of an alternating electric field |
| EP23702466.6A EP4475995A1 (fr) | 2022-02-09 | 2023-02-02 | Installation de séparation des composants d'un mélange de fibres et granules par battage du mélange au moyen d'un champ électrique alternatif |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2201128A FR3132448B1 (fr) | 2022-02-09 | 2022-02-09 | Installation de séparation des composants d’un mélange de fibres et granules par battage du mélange au moyen d’un champ électrique alternatif |
| FRFR2201128 | 2022-02-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023152019A1 true WO2023152019A1 (fr) | 2023-08-17 |
Family
ID=81448430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/052538 Ceased WO2023152019A1 (fr) | 2022-02-09 | 2023-02-02 | Installation de séparation des composants d'un mélange de fibres et granules par battage du mélange au moyen d'un champ électrique alternatif |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12478981B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4475995A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3132448B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023152019A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3132448B1 (fr) * | 2022-02-09 | 2024-01-19 | Michelin & Cie | Installation de séparation des composants d’un mélange de fibres et granules par battage du mélange au moyen d’un champ électrique alternatif |
| CN121451251A (zh) * | 2026-01-05 | 2026-02-03 | 北方中鑫安泰新材料(内蒙古)有限公司 | 一种用于稀土电解的自动上料装置及电解系统 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR962212A (fr) * | 1950-06-07 | |||
| JP2009233538A (ja) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 選別装置および選別方法 |
| FR2943561A1 (fr) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-01 | Apr2 | Procede de separation electrostatique d'un melange de granules de materiaux differents et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
| EP2937200A1 (fr) | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-28 | Gestion Medioambiental De Neumaticos S.L. | Procédé pour séparer des fibres textiles à partir d'une masse comprenant des fibres textiles et des fragments de caoutchouc et dispositif de séparation correspondant |
| JP2016209796A (ja) * | 2015-05-01 | 2016-12-15 | 学校法人 芝浦工業大学 | 静電選別装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3132448B1 (fr) * | 2022-02-09 | 2024-01-19 | Michelin & Cie | Installation de séparation des composants d’un mélange de fibres et granules par battage du mélange au moyen d’un champ électrique alternatif |
| CN114734555A (zh) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-12 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种报废乘用车塑料粒子分选设备 |
-
2022
- 2022-02-09 FR FR2201128A patent/FR3132448B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-02-02 WO PCT/EP2023/052538 patent/WO2023152019A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-02 EP EP23702466.6A patent/EP4475995A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-02-02 US US18/833,239 patent/US12478981B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR962212A (fr) * | 1950-06-07 | |||
| JP2009233538A (ja) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 選別装置および選別方法 |
| FR2943561A1 (fr) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-01 | Apr2 | Procede de separation electrostatique d'un melange de granules de materiaux differents et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
| EP2937200A1 (fr) | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-28 | Gestion Medioambiental De Neumaticos S.L. | Procédé pour séparer des fibres textiles à partir d'une masse comprenant des fibres textiles et des fragments de caoutchouc et dispositif de séparation correspondant |
| JP2016209796A (ja) * | 2015-05-01 | 2016-12-15 | 学校法人 芝浦工業大学 | 静電選別装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12478981B2 (en) | 2025-11-25 |
| FR3132448B1 (fr) | 2024-01-19 |
| FR3132448A1 (fr) | 2023-08-11 |
| US20250108385A1 (en) | 2025-04-03 |
| EP4475995A1 (fr) | 2024-12-18 |
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