WO2024136522A1 - 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024136522A1 WO2024136522A1 PCT/KR2023/021251 KR2023021251W WO2024136522A1 WO 2024136522 A1 WO2024136522 A1 WO 2024136522A1 KR 2023021251 W KR2023021251 W KR 2023021251W WO 2024136522 A1 WO2024136522 A1 WO 2024136522A1
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- active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a positive electrode containing the same, and a lithium secondary battery.
- a lithium secondary battery generally consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode contain an active material capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions.
- lithium cobalt oxide As cathode active materials for lithium secondary batteries, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 or LiMnO 4 , etc.), and lithium iron phosphate compounds (LiFePO 4 ) have been used.
- lithium cobalt oxide has the advantage of high operating voltage and excellent capacity characteristics, but the price of cobalt, which is a raw material, is high and its supply is unstable, making it difficult to apply commercially to large-capacity batteries.
- Lithium nickel oxide has poor structural stability, making it difficult to achieve sufficient lifespan characteristics.
- lithium manganese oxide has excellent stability, but has the problem of poor capacity characteristics.
- lithium nickel-based transition metal oxides containing two or more types of transition metals have been developed to compensate for the problems of lithium transition metal oxides containing only Ni, Co, or Mn, including Ni, Co, and Mn.
- Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is widely used in the field of electric vehicle batteries.
- the nickel content in the positive electrode active material increases, the initial capacity characteristics are improved, but during electrode rolling or charge/discharge, a large amount of highly reactive Ni +4 ions are generated, causing structural collapse of the positive electrode active material, which increases surface side reactions.
- the deterioration rate of the positive electrode active material increases, resulting in poor lifespan characteristics and reduced battery safety.
- Perlithium manganese-based active materials have a high theoretical capacity, but in order to implement this, the driving voltage must be raised to 4.4V or higher. However, such high driving voltages impair battery life and high-temperature storage characteristics, making commercialization difficult. The situation is not easy.
- Another method to achieve high theoretical capacity is to increase rolling density.
- Increasing the rolling density increases the amount of active material per unit volume, making it possible to increase capacity.
- the pores inside the secondary particles must be minimized and the density between particles must be high. Since the degree can only be confirmed indirectly and quantitative analysis is difficult, it is impossible to identify the characteristics of the active material that has maximum energy density and no particle breakage.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and is a positive electrode active material that can achieve optimization of inter-particle density through the volume of the unit cell derived by analyzing the crystal characteristics of the positive electrode active material particles and the rolling density at low pressure. We would like to provide.
- the present invention aims to provide a positive electrode and lithium secondary battery with excellent capacity characteristics and improved lifespan characteristics by including the positive electrode active material, which maximizes energy density by optimizing rolling density and significantly reduces the incidence of side reactions due to no particle breakage. .
- a positive electrode active material which includes a perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide and has a density (P) of 42 to 50, which is derived by the following equation 1.
- V unit-cell is the volume of the unit cell ( ⁇ 3 ), derived through Equation 2 below, and d 400 is the rolling density (g/cm 3 ) when rolling at 400 kgf,
- Equation 2 a and c are crystal lattice parameters ( ⁇ ) derived from XRD measurement of the positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material according to the present invention is provided.
- a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode according to the present invention is provided.
- a “single particle” is a particle consisting of one single nodule.
- a “nodule” is a single crystal lacking a crystalline grain boundary, or a grain boundary when observed at a field of view of 5,000 to 20,000 times using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It refers to a particle unit that may be polycrystalline and does not exist.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- quadsi-single particle refers to a particle that is a composite formed of 30 or less nodules.
- secondary particles refer to particles formed by agglomerating tens to hundreds of primary particles. More specifically, secondary particles are aggregates of 50 or more primary particles.
- particle used in the present invention may include any or all of single particles, quasi-single particles, primary particles, nodules, and secondary particles.
- D 50 refers to the particle size based on 50% of the cumulative volumetric particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material powder.
- the average particle diameter D 50 can be measured using a laser diffraction method. For example, after dispersing the positive electrode active material powder in a dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g. Microtrac MT 3000), irradiated with ultrasonic waves at about 28 kHz with an output of 60 W, and then a volume cumulative particle size distribution graph is drawn. After obtaining, it can be measured by determining the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume accumulation.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g. Microtrac MT 3000
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention contains perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide and has a density (P) of 42 to 50, which is derived by Equation 1 below.
- V unit-cell is the volume of the unit cell ( ⁇ 3 ), which is derived through Equation 2 below, and d 400 is the rolling density (g/cm 3 ) when rolling at 400 kgf.
- Equation 2 a and c are the lattice parameters ( ⁇ ) of the unit cell in the crystal structure derived from XRD measurement of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material includes a perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide with a density of 42 to 50.
- the density may express the extent to which particles can be packed without breaking, that is, the extent to which particles can be well packed without damage.
- the density may be 43 or more, or 44 or more, and 49 or less, or 48 or less. If the density is less than 42, it means that the unit cell volume is small compared to the same rolling density.
- the volume of the unit cell is determined by the lattice parameter, and the lattice parameter is determined by the conditions of the firing process, the molar ratio of transition metal, and lithium and transition metal. It can change due to factors such as molar ratio, doping or coating, and the lattice parameter is reduced due to certain factors, indicating that the mobility of lithium ions is relatively poor.
- the rolling density is small compared to the unit cell volume due to an imbalance in the ratio between the volume of the unit cell and the rolling density, causing various problems.
- it may mean that it has a structure and particle size characteristics that cannot be well concentrated due to problems such as voids, shape, and particle size within the secondary particles. In this case, even if rolled at an appropriate pressure, it may not be packed well, resulting in low capacity due to low energy density or reduced lifespan due to particle breakage.
- the density of such particles is determined by deriving a value similar to the rolling density of actual particles, i.e., the true density of actual particles, and specifying the ratio of this to the volume of the unit cell existing in the crystal structure, even before going through the actual rolling process. , it has the advantage of being able to maximize energy density and provide an active material with high capacity characteristics.
- the lattice parameters a and c are lattice parameters indicating one side of a unit cell in the crystal structure.
- the positive electrode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention usually has a layered structure (R-3m) and a rock salt phase. It has an ejaculatory structure (C2/m), and in this structure, the sides existing on the x and y axes can be expressed as a, and the sides existing on the z axis can be expressed as c.
- Equation 2 the above lattice parameters were applied assuming that the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material was all layered.
- the a may be 2.83 to 2.90
- the c may be 14.21 to 14.31.
- d 400 in Equation 1 is the density of perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide when rolled at 400 kgf, which may be close to the true density of actual particles.
- the d 400 may be 2.00 g/cm 3 to 2.40 g/cm 3 , preferably 2.03 g/cm 3 or more, 2.05 g/cm 3 or more, 2.07 g/cm 3 or more, 2.10 g/cm 3 or more, or It may be 2.12 g/cm 3 or more, preferably 2.37 g/cm 3 or less, 2.35 g/cm 3 or less, 2.33 g/cm 3 or less, and 2.30 g/cm 3 or less.
- the ratio with the volume of the unit cell can be appropriately adjusted. Even if the volume of the unit cell is derived from a lattice parameter that is determined to some extent, considering that the lattice parameter itself can change by a relatively large amount, the limited range of d 400 may be meaningful. In other words, the density range of d 400 may be a basic condition for optimizing the energy density depending on whether the volume of the unit cell is satisfied.
- the rolling density of the perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide may be 2.30 g/cm 3 or more, and at this time, the pressure during rolling may be 2000 kgf.
- the rolling density may be 2.35 g/cm 3 or more, 2.37 g/cm 3 or more, 2.40 g/cm 3 or more, 2.42 g/cm 3 or more, or 2.43 g/cm 3 or more. This range has the advantage that the energy density of the anode can be maximized.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention may include a perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide, and specifically, it may include a perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide having the composition shown in Chemical Formula 1 below.
- M1 and M2 are each independently Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Zn, Ti, Al, Mg, B, W, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, Ta, Y and It contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, A contains at least one selected from the group consisting of N, P, S, F and Cl, and a, b and c are each independent atomic fraction of elements. , 0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.6, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.5, and 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.05.
- M1 includes Co, Al or a combination thereof, preferably Co or a combination of Co and Al
- M2 includes Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Zn, Ti, Al, Mg, B, Contains at least one selected from the group consisting of W, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, Ta, Y and Zr, preferably selected from the group consisting of W, Zr, Y, Mg, and Ti. It may include one or more types, more preferably W, Zr, Y, Ti, or a combination thereof.
- the M2 element is not necessarily included, but when included in an appropriate amount, it can play a role in promoting the growth of particles during firing or improving the stability of the crystal structure.
- A is an anion substituted for the oxygen site and may include N, P, S, F, or Cl.
- the 1+a represents the molar ratio of lithium in the perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide, and may be 0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.6, 0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.5, or 0.2 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.5.
- the b represents the molar ratio of nickel to all metals except lithium in the perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.50, 0.05 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.50, 0.10 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.50, or 0.10 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.45. .
- the c represents the molar ratio of the M1 element among all metals excluding lithium in the perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.50, 0.05 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.50, 0.10 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.50 or 0.10 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.45. there is.
- the d represents the molar ratio of the M2 element among all metals excluding lithium in the perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.02, or 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.01.
- the sum of the molar ratios of metals other than manganese, nickel, M1, and M2 metals among all metals except lithium in the perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide, that is, b+c+d, is 0 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ It may be 0.5, 0.05 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.50, 0.10 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.50 or 0.10 ⁇ b+c+d ⁇ 0.45, and therefore, the molar ratio of Mn may always be 0.5 or more.
- the perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide is Al, Ti, W, B, F, P, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb on the particle surface. It may further include a coating layer containing one or more coating elements selected from the group consisting of Mo, Sr, Sb, Bi, Si, and S.
- the coating layer inhibits contact between the electrolyte and the perlithium manganese transition metal oxide, thereby reducing transition metal elution or gas generation due to side reactions with the electrolyte solution. You can get the effect.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material powder according to the present invention is (S1) a transition metal-containing solution containing cations of nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and M1, a basic aqueous solution, and an ammonium solution are added and a coprecipitation reaction is performed to produce a positive electrode active material precursor. and (S2) mixing the positive electrode active material precursor and lithium raw material and heat-treating them to prepare positive electrode active material powder.
- the manufactured positive electrode active material is in the form of secondary particles in which tens to hundreds of primary particles are gathered together to form an aggregate, or single particles consisting of one nodule that can be formed through coarsening of crystal grains, and less than 30 nodules. It includes a perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide in the form of at least one of the pseudo-single particles that are a complex of these, or a mixture of the two forms.
- the transition metal-containing solution may include a nickel-containing raw material, a manganese-containing raw material, and an M1-containing raw material, and the M1-containing raw material may be a cobalt-containing raw material, and/or an aluminum-containing raw material.
- a positive electrode active material precursor can be prepared by adding an ammonium cation-containing complex forming agent and a basic aqueous solution to the transition metal solution and performing a coprecipitation reaction.
- Nickel-containing raw materials may be, for example, nickel-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide or oxyhydroxide, and specifically, Ni(OH) 2 , NiO, NiOOH, NiCO 3 ⁇ 2Ni (OH) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O, NiC 2 O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, NiSO 4 , NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O, fatty acid nickel salt, nickel halide, or a combination thereof. It may be, but is not limited to this.
- Manganese-containing raw materials may be, for example, manganese-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, oxyhydroxide, or a combination thereof, specifically Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mn 3 O manganese oxides such as 4 ; Manganese salts such as MnCO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , MnSO 4 , manganese acetate, dicarboxylic acid manganese salt, manganese citrate, fatty acid manganese salt; It may be manganese oxyhydroxide, manganese chloride, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- Cobalt-containing raw materials may be cobalt-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide or oxyhydroxide, and specifically, Co(OH) 2 , CoOOH, Co(OCOCH 3 ) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O, It may be Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, CoSO 4 , Co(SO 4 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- Aluminum-containing raw materials include, for example, Al 2 O 3 , Al(OH) 3 , Al(NO 3 ) 3 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , (HO) 2 AlCH 3 CO 2 , HOAl(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 , Al(CH 3 CO 2 ) 3 aluminum halide, or a combination thereof.
- the transition metal-containing solution is a mixture of nickel-containing raw materials, manganese-containing raw materials, and M1-containing raw materials in a solvent, specifically water, or an organic solvent that can be uniformly mixed with water (e.g., alcohol, etc.). It may be manufactured by adding a nickel-containing raw material, an aqueous solution of a manganese-containing raw material, and an M1-containing raw material.
- the ammonium cation-containing complex forming agent may be, for example, NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl, CH 3 COONH 4 , NH 4 CO 3 or a combination thereof. It is not limited. Meanwhile, the ammonium cation-containing complex former may be used in the form of an aqueous solution, and the solvent may be water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent (specifically, alcohol, etc.) that is uniformly miscible with water.
- the basic compound may be a hydroxide of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, such as NaOH, KOH, or Ca(OH) 2 , a hydrate thereof, or a combination thereof.
- Basic compounds may also be used in the form of an aqueous solution, and in this case, the solvent may be water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent (specifically, alcohol, etc.) that is uniformly miscible with water.
- the basic compound is added to adjust the pH of the reaction solution, and may be added in an amount such that the pH of the metal solution is 8 to 12.
- the coprecipitation reaction may be performed in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, at a temperature ranging from 35°C to 80°C.
- a positive electrode active material precursor containing cations of nickel, manganese, and M1 can be manufactured.
- positive electrode active material precursor particles of nickel-manganese-M1 hydroxide are produced and precipitated in the reaction solution.
- the content of manganese (Mn) in the total metal content is 50 mol% or more, 55 mol% or more, preferably 60 mol% or more, more preferably
- a positive electrode active material precursor containing preferably 63 mol%, more preferably 65 mol%, even more preferably 66 mol%, and even more preferably 67 mol% or more can be produced.
- the precipitated positive electrode active material precursor particles can be separated and dried according to a conventional method to produce a positive electrode active material precursor.
- the positive electrode active material precursor and lithium raw material are mixed and heat treated.
- Lithium raw materials include lithium-containing sulfate, nitrate, acetate, carbonate, oxalate, citrate, halide, hydroxide, or oxyhydroxide, and are not particularly limited as long as they are soluble in water.
- the lithium raw materials include Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , LiOH, LiOH ⁇ H2O, LiH, LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, CH 3 COOLi, Li 2 O, Li 2 SO4, CH 3 COOLi, Or it may be Li 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 , and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- the positive electrode active material precursor and the lithium raw material may be mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.1.
- the positive electrode active material precursor and the lithium raw material may be mixed at a molar ratio of, for example, about 1:1, about 1:1.02, about 1:1.05, about 1:1.07, or about 1:1.10, but are not limited thereto. .
- Heat treatment may be performed in a temperature range of 750°C to 1000°C in the case of permanganese perlithium manganese-based transition metal complex oxide with a manganese (Mn) content of 50 mol% or more. Heat treatment may be preferably performed, for example, in a temperature range of 800°C to 975°C, and more preferably in a temperature range of 850°C to 950°C.
- the manufactured cathode active material can have reduced particle breakage and strain within the crystal structure during the rolling process or charging and discharging of a lithium secondary battery containing the same, and the initial resistance characteristics can be improved.
- Heat treatment may be performed under an air or oxygen atmosphere, for example, for 4 to 12 hours. Specifically, heat treatment may be performed for, for example, 4 hours or more, 6 hours or more, 8 hours or more, 10 hours or more, and may be performed for 12 hours or less, 10 hours or less, 8 hours or less, and 6 hours or less.
- M2 metal-containing raw materials can be additionally mixed during the coprecipitation reaction or in the sintering step.
- the M2 metal-containing raw material may be an acetate, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, or oxide of the M2 metal.
- a further step of heat treatment is performed after mixing the perlithium manganese-based transition metal oxide prepared through heat treatment with the coating raw material. can do.
- the mixing may be accomplished by solid-phase mixing or liquid-phase mixing, and the heat treatment may be performed at an appropriate temperature depending on the coating raw material.
- the heat treatment of the coating process may be performed at a temperature ranging from 200°C to 700°C, or 300°C to 600°C, but is not limited thereto.
- the positive electrode active material powder of the present invention it is preferable not to perform a water washing process after the heat treatment.
- a water washing process it was common to perform a water washing process after heat treatment to reduce the content of lithium by-products.
- the surface properties of the lithium transition metal oxide deteriorate during the water washing process, thereby increasing resistance. Therefore, when manufacturing the positive electrode active material of the present invention, it is preferable not to perform water washing, but to consume the remaining lithium on the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide through the coating layer formation process. In this way, when the positive electrode active material is manufactured without washing the lithium transition metal oxide, an increase in resistance due to surface defects can be suppressed.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes the positive electrode active material powder of the present invention described above.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer includes the positive electrode active material powder according to the present invention. Since the positive electrode active material powder has been described above, detailed description will be omitted, and only the remaining components will be described in detail below.
- the positive electrode current collector may contain a highly conductive metal, and the positive electrode active material layer is easily adhered, but is not particularly limited as long as it is non-reactive within the voltage range of the battery.
- the positive electrode current collector may be, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, heat-treated carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. Additionally, the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material. For example, it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the positive electrode active material layer may optionally include a conductive material and a binder, along with the positive electrode active material powder, if necessary.
- the positive electrode active material powder may be included in an amount of 80 to 99% by weight, more specifically 85 to 98.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer, and can exhibit excellent capacity characteristics when included in the above content range.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity in the battery being constructed.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, and carbon fiber; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive tubes such as carbon nanotubes; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Alternatively, conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive active material and the current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and polymethylmethane.
- Crylate polymethymethaxrylate
- carboxymethylcellulose CMC
- starch hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene- Diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, polyacrylic acid, and polymers in which hydrogen thereof is substituted with Li, Na, or Ca, or various copolymers thereof Combinations, etc. may be mentioned, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method except for using the positive electrode active material powder described above.
- the positive electrode slurry composition prepared by dissolving or dispersing the above-described positive electrode active material powder and optionally a binder, a conductive material, and a dispersant in a solvent can be prepared by applying the positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling. there is.
- the solvent may be a solvent commonly used in the art, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and dimethylformamide (dimethyl formamide, DMF), acetone, or water, among which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- DMF dimethylformamide
- acetone acetone
- the amount of the solvent used is to dissolve or disperse the positive electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and dispersant in consideration of the application thickness and manufacturing yield of the slurry, and to have a viscosity capable of exhibiting excellent thickness uniformity when applied for subsequent positive electrode production. That's enough.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by casting the positive electrode slurry composition on a separate support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from this support onto the positive electrode current collector.
- the electrochemical device according to the present invention includes the positive electrode of the present invention described above.
- the electrochemical device may specifically be a battery, a capacitor, etc., and more specifically, may be a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery specifically includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode positioned opposite the positive electrode, and a separator and electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Since the positive electrode is the same as described above, detailed description is omitted, Hereinafter, only the remaining components will be described in detail.
- the lithium secondary battery may optionally further include a battery container that accommodates the electrode assembly of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator, and a sealing member that seals the battery container.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer located on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- it can be used on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, heat-treated carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the negative electrode active material layer optionally includes a binder and a conductive material along with the negative electrode active material.
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon;
- Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy;
- a composite containing the above-described metallic compound and a carbonaceous material such as a Si-C composite or Sn-C composite, may be used, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- a metallic lithium thin film may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- both low-crystalline carbon and high-crystalline carbon can be used.
- low-crystalline carbon include soft carbon and hard carbon
- high-crystalline carbon includes amorphous, plate-shaped, flaky, spherical, or fibrous natural graphite, artificial graphite, and Kish graphite.
- Representative examples include high-temperature heat-treated carbon such as derived cokes.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and is usually added in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polytetra.
- Examples include fluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- sulfonated-EPDM styrene-butadiene rubber
- nitrile-butadiene rubber fluorine rubber
- the conductive material is a component to further improve the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- These conductive materials are not particularly limited as long as they have conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; fluorinated carbon; Metal powders such as aluminum and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the negative electrode active material layer is prepared by applying and drying a negative electrode slurry composition prepared by dissolving or dispersing the negative electrode active material and optionally a binder and a conductive material in a solvent on a negative electrode current collector and drying it, or the negative electrode slurry composition is applied on a separate support. It can be manufactured by casting on and then peeling from this support and laminating the obtained film onto the negative electrode current collector.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery, especially for ion movement in the electrolyte. It is desirable to have low resistance and excellent electrolyte moisturizing ability.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these. A laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- electrolytes used in the present invention include organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in the production of lithium secondary batteries, and are limited to these. It doesn't work.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate carbonate-based solvents such as PC); Alcohol-based solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a straight-chain, branched or ring-structured hydro
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charge/discharge performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- the lithium salt can be used without particular limitations as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the anions of the lithium salt include F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C - , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 SO 3 - , CF 3 CO 2 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , SCN - , and (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N - It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of,
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- concentration of the lithium salt is preferably used within the range of 0.1 to 2.0M.
- the electrolyte has appropriate conductivity and viscosity, so excellent electrolyte performance can be achieved and lithium ions can move effectively.
- the electrolyte includes, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- Ni 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 (OH) 2 precursor synthesized through a coprecipitation reaction was mixed with LiOH and Li/Me (Ni+Mn) at a molar ratio of 1.38, and calcined in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a product having the composition of Li 1.38 Ni 0.37 Mn 0.63 O 2
- a positive electrode active material was prepared.
- Rolling density when rolling at 400 kgf The rolling density of the positive electrode active material was measured using a density meter (Caver Pellet Press). Specifically, 5 g of the positive electrode active material was divided into small portions and filled into a cylindrical holder with a diameter of 13 mm without any gaps, and then a pressure of 400 kgf was applied to measure the rolling density.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing the positive electrode active material, carbon black conductive material, and PVDF binder prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, respectively, in N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 95:2:3.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to one side of an aluminum current collector, dried at 130°C, and rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
- An anode slurry was prepared by mixing graphite as an anode active material, super C as a conductive material, and SBR/CMC as a binder at a weight ratio of 95.6:1.0:3.4. This was applied to one side of a copper current collector, dried at 130°C, and rolled to form an anode. was manufactured.
- An electrode assembly was manufactured with a separator between the anode and the cathode, placed inside a battery case, and an electrolyte solution was injected into the case to manufacture a lithium secondary battery.
- the electrolyte solution is prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1M in a mixed organic solvent of ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/diethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 1:2:1 and adding 2% by weight of vinylene carbonate (VC). did.
- Capacity characteristics During activation, measurements were made under the conditions of electrode loading of 0.35 g/25cm 2 , upper limit voltage of 4.6V, lower limit voltage of 2.0V, temperature of 40°C, and current of 20 mA, and the results are listed in Table 2 below.
- Rate characteristics The discharge capacity was measured by changing only the current to 0.33C in the above capacity characteristics, and the ratio value (%) obtained by dividing the measured value by the discharge capacity in the above capacity characteristics is listed in Table 2 below.
- the positive active material for lithium secondary batteries according to the present invention can improve energy density by identifying the characteristics of the active material in which inter-particle density is maximized by optimizing the ratio of the volume of the unit cell and the rolling density at low pressure.
- the cathode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has no particle breakage, significantly reduces the incidence of side reactions, has a high energy density, and can exhibit excellent lifespan characteristics and high capacity characteristics.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 단위셀 부피(Å3) | 압연밀도(@400kgf) | 치밀도 (P) | |
| 실시예 1 | 101.51 | 2.29 | 44.33 |
| 실시예 2 | 101.23 | 2.14 | 47.30 |
| 실시예 3 | 101.7 | 2.32 | 43.84 |
| 실시예 4 | 100.8 | 2.04 | 49.41 |
| 비교예 1 | 101.79 | 1.85 | 55.02 |
| 비교예 2 | 101.86 | 1.9 | 53.61 |
| 비교예 3 | 101.4 | 1.98 | 51.21 |
| 비교예 4 | 102.4 | 2.03 | 50.44 |
| 비교예 5 | 101.5 | 2.42 | 41.94 |
| 압연 밀도 (g/cm3) |
초기 방전 용량 (mAh) |
율 특성(%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 2.46 | 277 | 70 |
| 실시예 2 | 2.43 | 293 | 67.2 |
| 실시예 3 | 2.46 | 282 | 72.3 |
| 실시예 4 | 2.37 | 281 | 67.6 |
| 비교예 1 | 2.15 | 268 | 66.8 |
| 비교예 2 | 2.25 | 273 | 66.3 |
| 비교예 3 | 2.23 | 272 | 66.1 |
| 비교예 4 | 2.25 | 262 | 66.5 |
| 비교예 5 | 2.47 | 270 | 64.2 |
Claims (10)
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 치밀도(P)가 43 내지 49인 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 치밀도(P)가 44 내지 48인 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 a는 2.85 Å 내지 2.88 Å이고, 상기 c는 14.23 Å 내지 14.29 Å인 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 d400은 2.00 g/cm3 내지 2.40 g/cm3인 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 과리튬 망간계 전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 것인 양극 활물질:[화학식 1]Li1+a[Mn1-b-c-dNibM1cM2d]O2-dAd상기 화학식 1에서,M1 및 M2는 각각 독립적으로 Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Zn, Ti, Al, Mg, B, W, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr 및 Zr로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상을 포함하고,A는 N, P, S, F 및 Cl로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상을 포함하며,0.1≤a≤0.6, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.5, 0≤d≤0.05, 0<b+c+d≤0.5 및 0≤e≤0.05이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 2000 kgf으로 압연시의 압연 밀도가 2.42 g/cm3 이상인 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제8항의 양극; 음극; 및 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막;을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 음극은 실리콘계 음극 활물질을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23907805.8A EP4621880A4 (en) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-21 | ACTIVE CATHODE MATERIAL, AS WELL AS CATHODE AND RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY INCLUDING IT |
| CN202380086657.1A CN120380609A (zh) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-21 | 正极活性材料、包含其的正极以及锂二次电池 |
| JP2025536095A JP2025541014A (ja) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-21 | 正極活物質、これを含む正極およびリチウム二次電池 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| KR20220183709 | 2022-12-23 | ||
| KR10-2022-0183709 | 2022-12-23 | ||
| KR1020230187698A KR20240101445A (ko) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-20 | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR10-2023-0187698 | 2023-12-20 |
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| WO2024136522A1 true WO2024136522A1 (ko) | 2024-06-27 |
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| EP (1) | EP4621880A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2025541014A (ko) |
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| WO (1) | WO2024136522A1 (ko) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12597606B2 (en) | 2022-08-02 | 2026-04-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Lithium and manganese rich positive active material compositions |
| US12597602B2 (en) | 2023-02-03 | 2026-04-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Lithium and manganese rich positive active material compositions |
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| JP2005089225A (ja) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-04-07 | Seimi Chem Co Ltd | リチウム−ニッケル−コバルト−マンガン−アルミニウム含有複合酸化物の製造方法 |
| JP2006253119A (ja) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-09-21 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | リチウム二次電池正極材料用リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物粉体及びその製造方法、並びにそれを用いたリチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池 |
| JP2007184145A (ja) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-19 | Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
| JP2008293988A (ja) * | 2001-04-20 | 2008-12-04 | Gs Yuasa Corporation:Kk | 正極活物質およびその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用正極、並びに、非水電解質二次電池 |
| KR20220089243A (ko) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-28 | 주식회사 포스코 | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3238290B1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2024-05-01 | QuantumScape Battery, Inc. | Lithium rich nickel manganese cobalt oxide (lr-nmc) |
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2023
- 2023-12-21 JP JP2025536095A patent/JP2025541014A/ja active Pending
- 2023-12-21 CN CN202380086657.1A patent/CN120380609A/zh active Pending
- 2023-12-21 WO PCT/KR2023/021251 patent/WO2024136522A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-12-21 EP EP23907805.8A patent/EP4621880A4/en active Pending
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| JP2008293988A (ja) * | 2001-04-20 | 2008-12-04 | Gs Yuasa Corporation:Kk | 正極活物質およびその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用正極、並びに、非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP2005089225A (ja) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-04-07 | Seimi Chem Co Ltd | リチウム−ニッケル−コバルト−マンガン−アルミニウム含有複合酸化物の製造方法 |
| JP2006253119A (ja) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-09-21 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | リチウム二次電池正極材料用リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物粉体及びその製造方法、並びにそれを用いたリチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池 |
| JP2007184145A (ja) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-19 | Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
| KR20220089243A (ko) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-28 | 주식회사 포스코 | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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| See also references of EP4621880A1 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12597606B2 (en) | 2022-08-02 | 2026-04-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Lithium and manganese rich positive active material compositions |
| US12597602B2 (en) | 2023-02-03 | 2026-04-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Lithium and manganese rich positive active material compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4621880A1 (en) | 2025-09-24 |
| CN120380609A (zh) | 2025-07-25 |
| JP2025541014A (ja) | 2025-12-17 |
| EP4621880A4 (en) | 2026-04-15 |
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