WO2024155009A1 - 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조방법 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
- C01G53/502—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2 containing lithium and cobalt
- C01G53/504—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2 containing lithium and cobalt with the molar ratio of nickel with respect to all the metals other than alkali metals higher than or equal to 0.5, e.g. Li(MzNixCoyMn1-x-y-z)O2 with x ≥ 0.5
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention provides a positive electrode slurry for a lithium secondary battery that can contribute to improving performance in a high temperature and high voltage operating environment while using a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle that does not undergo a water washing process or a boron coating process during the synthesis process, and It relates to a method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery manufactured by the manufacturing method, and a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.
- a lithium secondary battery generally consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode contain an active material capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions.
- lithium cobalt oxide As cathode active materials for lithium secondary batteries, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 or LiMnO 4 , etc.), and lithium iron phosphate compounds (LiFePO 4 ) have been used.
- lithium cobalt oxide has the advantage of high operating voltage and excellent capacity characteristics, but the price of cobalt, which is a raw material, is high and its supply is unstable, making it difficult to apply commercially to large-capacity batteries.
- Lithium nickel oxide has poor structural stability, making it difficult to achieve sufficient lifespan characteristics.
- lithium manganese oxide has excellent stability, but has the problem of poor capacity characteristics.
- lithium composite transition metal oxides containing two or more transition metals were developed to compensate for the problems of lithium transition metal oxides containing Ni, Co, or Mn alone.
- lithium composite transition metal oxides containing Ni, Co, and Mn were developed.
- Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is widely used in the field of electric vehicle batteries.
- lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide was generally in the form of spherical secondary particles in which dozens to hundreds of primary particles were aggregated.
- particle breakage in which primary particles fall off, is likely to occur during the rolling process during anode production, and internal particles are formed during the charging and discharging process.
- cracks There is a problem with cracks occurring. When particles of the positive electrode active material break or crack occur, the contact area with the electrolyte increases, which increases gas generation and active material deterioration due to side reactions with the electrolyte, which causes a problem in that lifespan characteristics are reduced.
- the demand for high-output, high-capacity batteries such as batteries for electric vehicles has recently increased, and accordingly, the nickel content in the positive electrode active material is gradually increasing.
- the nickel content in the positive electrode active material increases, the initial capacity characteristics are improved, but when charging and discharging are repeated, the structure of the positive electrode active material collapses, which increases the deterioration rate of the positive electrode active material, leading to a decrease in life characteristics and battery safety. .
- a technology has been proposed to manufacture a positive electrode active material in the form of single particles rather than secondary particles by increasing the sintering temperature when manufacturing lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide.
- the contact area with the electrolyte is small compared to the positive active material in the form of conventional secondary particles, so side reactions with the electrolyte are small, and the particle strength is excellent, so there is less particle breakage during electrode manufacturing. Therefore, when a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle is applied, there is an advantage in that it has excellent gas generation and lifespan characteristics.
- the interface between primary particles, which serves as a passage for lithium ions inside the particle is small, resulting in low lithium mobility, and because it is manufactured at a relatively high sintering temperature, lithium by-products are formed on the surface. It exists in excess. If there is an excessive amount of lithium by-products on the surface of the positive electrode active material, the amount of gas generated increases due to a side reaction between the lithium by-products and the electrolyte during high temperature storage. The amount of gas generated can be reduced by removing lithium by-products through water washing, but there is a problem in that the surface structure of the positive electrode active material is damaged during water washing, resulting in increased resistance.
- the present invention seeks to provide a positive electrode slurry that can contribute to improving cycle characteristics under high temperature and high voltage driving conditions, a positive electrode and a method of manufacturing the positive electrode using the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.
- the present invention has a composition with a nickel content of 50 mol% or more among all metals excluding lithium, and at least one of single particles or quasi-single particles that are secondary particles in which 30 or less primary particles are aggregated.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, including a positive electrode active material layer formed by coating the positive electrode slurry on at least one surface of a positive electrode current collector.
- the present invention has a composition having a nickel content of 50 mol% or more among all metals excluding lithium, and at least one of single particles or quasi-single particles that are secondary particles in which 30 or less primary particles are aggregated.
- a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery is provided, which includes a positive electrode active material including lithium nickel-based oxide in the form of and includes a lithium borate-based compound.
- the present invention has a composition having a nickel content of 50 mol% or more among all metals excluding lithium, and at least one of single particles or quasi-single particles that are secondary particles in which 30 or less primary particles are aggregated.
- the present invention includes the anode; A negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material; A separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and a lithium secondary battery containing an electrolyte.
- the particle surface can be stabilized and the capacity development rate can be increased without performing the boron coating and water washing process during the lithium nickel-based oxide synthesis process, and ultimately, the lithium secondary battery The effect of improving performance at high temperature and high voltage can be achieved.
- a method of forming a boron coating layer on the surface of the particle has been mainly used.
- a high-temperature sintering process is necessary, and since boron grows in a plate shape, the hardness of the particle increases, which increases the hardness of the particle in the future.
- the difficulty may increase during rolling, and the boron coating layer may cause another problem of increasing particle surface resistance due to its amorphous nature.
- a positive active material in the form of single particles not only is the initial resistance high due to relatively low lithium mobility compared to that in the form of secondary particles, but also it easily changes into the electrochemically inactive rock salt phase when the sintering temperature is increased to form single particles. Surface resistance may increase further.
- a lithium borate-based compound was introduced into the positive electrode slurry, and it was confirmed that the effect of boron coating can be realized without introducing a boron coating process and a water washing process in the positive electrode active material manufacturing process.
- effects such as stabilization of the particle surface, suppression of side reactions, and improvement of capacity can be achieved without experiencing the problems of increased surface resistance due to boron coating and surface damage due to the water washing process.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the room temperature lifespan evaluation results of batteries to which the positive electrodes of Examples and Comparative Examples were applied.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the results of high temperature lifespan evaluation of batteries to which the positive electrodes of Examples and Comparative Examples were applied.
- primary particle refers to a particle unit in which no apparent grain boundary exists when observed at a 5,000 to 20,000 times field of view using a scanning electron microscope
- secondary particle refers to a particle unit consisting of a plurality of primary particles. It refers to particles formed by agglomeration.
- average particle size of primary particles refers to the arithmetic average value of the particle sizes of at least 20 primary particles observed in a scanning electron microscope image, and then calculated. At this time, the particle diameter refers to the diameter of the longest axis of the primary particle.
- secondary particles are particles formed by agglomerating a plurality of primary particles.
- secondary particles in which 30 or less primary particles are aggregated are referred to as pseudo-single particles in order to distinguish them from conventional secondary particles that are formed by agglomerating dozens to hundreds of primary particles.
- D50 refers to the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume cumulative particle size distribution of the corresponding particle powder, and can be measured using a laser diffraction method.
- a laser diffraction particle size measurement device e.g., Microtrac's S-3500
- the volume cumulative particle size distribution is measured. It can be measured by obtaining a graph and determining the particle size at the point where the volume accumulation is 50% from the obtained volume cumulative particle size distribution graph.
- the positive electrode slurry according to the present invention includes a positive electrode active material; Lithium borate-based compounds; bookbinder; It includes a conductive material and a solvent, and the positive electrode active material is a lithium nickel-based oxide having a composition where the nickel content of all metals excluding lithium is 50 mol% or more, and is in the form of at least one of single particles or quasi-single particles, Quasi-single particles are secondary particles in which 30 or less primary particles are aggregated.
- the lithium borate-based compound may be lithium tetraborate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ).
- Lithium tetraborate has lower reactivity with moisture than other lithium salt compounds such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiNO 3 , and LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2. It is advantageous in terms of preventing the elution of the anode transition metal, current collector corrosion, and electrolyte decomposition reaction due to side reactions.
- the lithium borate-based compound is contained in an amount of 0.005 parts by weight to 0.5 parts by weight, preferably 0.005 parts by weight to 0.1 parts by weight, more preferably 0.007 parts by weight to 0.05 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the lithium nickel-based oxide. Can be included in quantity.
- the lithium borate-based compound is included in an amount of 0.005 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the lithium nickel-based oxide, the effect of adding the lithium borate-based compound can be sufficiently realized, but if it is included in an amount of 0.5 parts by weight or less due to boron. This is desirable in terms of preventing hardness from increasing and making rolling difficult.
- the lithium nickel-based oxide may have a nickel content of 55 mol% or more, preferably 60 mol% or more, of all metals excluding lithium.
- the lithium nickel-based oxide may have the composition of Formula 1 below.
- M 1 is Mn, Al or a combination thereof
- M 2 is W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B and Mo It is one or more selected from the group consisting of,
- the 1+x represents the molar ratio of lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be -0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, or 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2. When the molar ratio of lithium satisfies the above range, the crystal structure of lithium nickel-based oxide can be stably formed.
- the a represents the molar ratio of nickel to all metals excluding lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be 0.50 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0.55 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, or 0.60 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.
- the molar ratio of nickel satisfies the above range, it exhibits high energy density, enabling high capacity implementation and stable operation at high voltage.
- the b represents the molar ratio of cobalt to all metals excluding lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.40, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.25, or 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.15.
- the molar ratio of cobalt satisfies the above range, good resistance characteristics and output characteristics can be achieved.
- the c represents the molar ratio of M 1 to all metals excluding lithium in the lithium nickel-based oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.40, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.35, or 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.30.
- M 1 is Mn
- the structural stability of the positive electrode active material is excellent.
- the d represents the molar ratio of the M 2 element among all metals excluding lithium of lithium nickel-based oxide, and d may be 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.08, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.05, or 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.03.
- M 1 in Formula 1 may be Mn. That is, the lithium nickel-based oxide may be lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide.
- the lithium nickel-based oxide may include a coating layer containing one or more elements of Al and W on the particle surface, and preferably may include a coating layer containing Al and W on the particle surface.
- the residual amount of lithium by-products can be reduced by reacting with the lithium by-products remaining on the surface to form LiAlO 2 , LiWO 3 , etc., which has the effect of reducing the amount of gas generated.
- the coating element may exist in the form of an oxide within the coating layer, and may be formed through methods such as dry coating, wet coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Among these, it is preferable to form it through atomic layer deposition because the coating layer can be formed with a large area.
- the formation area of the coating layer may be 10% to 100%, preferably 30% to 100%, and more preferably 50% to 100%, based on the total surface area of the lithium nickel-based oxide particles.
- the coating layer formation area satisfies the above range, the effect of reducing gas generation and improving lifespan characteristics is excellent.
- the Al content in the coating layer is 5% by weight or less, preferably 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the lithium nickel-based oxide. % to 1% by weight.
- the content of W in the coating layer is 5% by weight or less, preferably 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the lithium nickel-based oxide. It may be 1% by weight.
- the lithium nickel-based oxide may contain more Li 2 CO 3 than LiOH when measuring the weight of the lithium compound remaining on the particle surface. Considering that Li 2 CO 3 is more easily removed than LiOH by surface water washing, the fact that there is more Li 2 CO 3 than LiOH means that the water washing process has not been introduced, which has the effect of lowering the initial resistance. There is.
- the content of Li 2 CO 3 may be 0.1% to 0.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the lithium nickel-based oxide, and the content of LiOH may be 0.01% to 0.05% by weight relative to the total weight of the lithium nickel-based oxide. It may be weight percent.
- the contents of LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 can be confirmed through pH titration of lithium nickel-based oxide.
- D 50 of the lithium nickel-based oxide may be 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80% to 99% by weight, specifically 90% to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of solids in the positive electrode slurry. At this time, if the content of the positive electrode active material is 80% by weight or less, the energy density may be lowered and the capacity may be reduced.
- the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- polyvinyl alcohol polyacrylonitrile
- carboxymethyl cellulose carboxymethyl cellulose
- CMC starch
- hydroxypropylcellulose regenerated cellulose
- polyvinylpyrrolidone polytetrafluoroethylene
- polyethylene polypropylene
- EPDM rubber ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- fluororubber and various copolymers thereof, and may preferably be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the binder may be included in an amount of 0.5% to 2.5% by weight, preferably 0.5% to 2% by weight, and more preferably 1% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of solids in the positive electrode slurry. .
- the binder content is within the above range, sufficient adhesion to the current collector and bonding between particles can be secured to improve the durability of the positive electrode while maintaining a low initial resistance.
- the conductive material includes graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black; Carbon-based materials such as carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; and conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and may be preferably carbon black.
- graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
- Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black
- Carbon-based materials such as carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes
- Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver
- Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and may be preferably carbon
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.5% to 2.5% by weight, preferably 0.5% to 2% by weight, and more preferably 1% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of solids in the positive electrode slurry. .
- the content of the conductive material is within the above range, it is preferable in that dead volume can be reduced while maintaining conductivity between active materials.
- the solvent of the positive electrode slurry may be an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and may be used in an amount that achieves a desirable viscosity.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the solid content in the positive electrode slurry is 40% by weight to 90% by weight, preferably 50% by weight to 85% by weight, and more preferably 60% by weight to 70% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode slurry. May be included.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer formed by coating a positive electrode slurry on at least one surface of a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon, nickel, titanium on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , surface treated with silver, etc. may be used. Additionally, the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material. For example, it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer may be 19% to 25%, preferably 20% to 24%, and more preferably 21% to 23%. As described above, as the lithium borate-based compound flows into the electrolyte solution, such porosity may appear.
- porosity means the value calculated by [Equation 1] below.
- Porosity of the positive electrode active material layer (%) ((true density of the positive electrode active material - positive electrode density)/true density of the positive electrode active material) ⁇ 100
- Equation 1 the anode density is a value calculated by Equation 2 below.
- Anode density (Weight of anode - Weight of anode current collector)/(a ⁇ b)
- Equation 2 a is the area of the positive electrode, and b is the thickness of the positive electrode minus the thickness of the positive electrode current collector.
- It has a composition with a nickel content of 50 mol% or more among all metals excluding lithium, but contains lithium nickel-based oxide in the form of at least one of single particles or quasi-single particles, which are secondary particles in which 30 or less primary particles are aggregated.
- positive electrode active material Lithium borate-based compounds; bookbinder; conductive material; and mixing solvents to prepare a positive electrode slurry, and
- the method for producing a positive electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention further includes preparing the lithium nickel-based oxide by calcining a mixture of a nickel transition metal precursor having a nickel content of 50 mol% or more and a lithium raw material, wherein the lithium
- the step of preparing nickel-based oxide may not include the water washing step after firing.
- the nickel transition metal precursor can be used by purchasing a commercially available precursor, or can be manufactured according to a precursor manufacturing method known in the art.
- the nickel transition metal precursor may be a nickel transition metal hydroxide having a nickel content of 50 mol% or more among all transition metals, and more preferably, a nickel transition metal precursor having a nickel content of 55 mol% or more, or 60 mol% or more. It may be a transition metal hydroxide.
- the nickel content in the nickel transition metal precursor satisfies the above range, high capacity characteristics can be achieved.
- the precursor may be prepared by forming an ammonium cation complex with a transition metal aqueous solution and performing a coprecipitation reaction while adding a basic compound to a reactor and stirring.
- the transition metal aqueous solution can be prepared by dissolving transition metal-containing raw materials in a solvent such as water.
- a solvent such as water.
- it can be prepared by dissolving nickel-containing raw materials, cobalt-containing raw materials, and M 1- containing raw materials in water. there is.
- the transition metal-containing raw material may be acetate, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, halite, sulfide, or oxide of a transition metal.
- the nickel-containing raw materials include, for example, NiO, NiCO 3 ⁇ 2Ni(OH) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O, NiC 2 O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, It may be NiSO 4 , NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O, nickel halide, or a combination thereof.
- the cobalt-containing raw material may be, for example, CoSO 4, Co(OCOCH 3 ) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O, Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, or a combination thereof.
- the M 1 -containing raw material in the case where M 1 is manganese, is, for example, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mn 3 O 4 MnCO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O, manganese acetate. , manganese halide, or a combination thereof.
- the input amount of each transition metal-containing raw material can be determined by considering the molar ratio of the transition metal in the positive electrode active material to be finally produced.
- the ammonium cation complex forming agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl, CH 3 COONH 4 , and NH 4 CO 3 It may contain a compound, and the compound may be added into the reactor in the form of a solution dissolved in a solvent.
- the solvent may be water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent (specifically, alcohol, etc.) that is uniformly miscible with water.
- the basic compound may be at least one compound selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH) 2 , and may be introduced into the reactor in the form of a solution obtained by dissolving the compound in a solvent.
- a solvent water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent (specifically, alcohol, etc.) that is uniformly miscible with water may be used as the solvent.
- transition metal aqueous solution When the transition metal aqueous solution, the ammonium cation complex former, and the basic compound are added to the reactor and stirred as described above, the transition metals in the transition metal aqueous solution co-precipitate to generate precursor particles in the form of transition metal hydroxide.
- the transition metal aqueous solution, ammonium cation complex former, and basic compound are added in an amount such that the pH of the reaction solution is in the desired range.
- precursor particles are formed in the same manner as above, they are separated from the reaction solution to obtain the precursor.
- the precursor may be separated from the reaction solution by filtering the reaction solution, and then the separated precursor may be washed and dried to obtain the precursor.
- processes such as grinding and/or classification may be performed as needed.
- the nickel transition metal precursor prepared in this way is mixed with a lithium raw material and then fired to produce lithium nickel-based oxide. At this time, if necessary, M 2 metal-containing raw materials can be mixed together and fired.
- the lithium raw material may include lithium-containing sulfate, nitrate, acetate, carbonate, oxalate, citrate, halide, hydroxide, or oxyhydroxide, for example, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , LiOH, LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, LiH, LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, CH 3 COOLi, Li 2 O, Li 2 SO 4 , CH 3 COOLi, Li 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 or mixtures thereof may be used. You can.
- the lithium raw material and the nickel transition metal precursor may be mixed so that the molar ratio of Li:total metal in the precursor is 1:1 to 1.2:1, preferably 1:1 to 1.1:1.
- the mixing ratio of the lithium raw material and the metal in the precursor satisfies the above range, the layered crystal structure of the lithium nickel-based oxide is well developed, and a positive electrode active material with excellent capacity characteristics and structural stability can be manufactured.
- the firing is performed at a temperature that can form single particles or quasi-single particles.
- sintering must be performed at a higher temperature than when producing lithium composite transition metal oxides in the form of conventional secondary particles.
- calcination in the form of conventional secondary particles must be performed. It must be fired at a temperature approximately 30°C to 100°C higher than when manufacturing lithium composite transition metal oxide.
- the firing in the step of preparing the lithium nickel-based oxide may be performed at 700°C to 1,050°C, preferably at 750°C to 1,000°C, and more preferably at 800°C to 900°C. there is.
- the sintering temperature satisfies the above range, a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle with excellent electrochemical properties can be manufactured.
- the sintering temperature is 700°C or higher to prevent the formation of secondary particles, but because excessive sintering may cause the layered crystal structure to not be properly formed and electrochemical properties may deteriorate, the sintering temperature is 1,050°C or lower. It is desirable.
- the firing may be performed for 5 to 35 hours under an oxygen atmosphere.
- the oxygen atmosphere means an atmosphere containing sufficient oxygen for calcination, including an atmospheric atmosphere.
- the method for producing a positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention may not include the step of coating boron on the lithium nickel-based oxide between the step of preparing the lithium nickel-based oxide and the step of preparing the positive electrode slurry. there is.
- the boron coating layer increases surface resistance, it is preferable not to include a separate boron coating layer forming process by introducing the anode slurry according to the present invention.
- the loading amount of the positive electrode slurry is 14 mg/cm 2 to 24 mg/cm 2 , preferably 16 mg/cm 2 to 22 mg/cm 2 , more preferably 18 mg/cm 2 to 18 mg/cm 2 It may be 20mg/cm 2 .
- the method of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include the step of rolling a laminate of the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the rolling may be performed through the process of cutting the laminate, placing it between two rolling rolls, and compressing it by adjusting the spacing of the rolling rolls.
- Each component of the method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may refer to the description of each component of the positive electrode slurry described above.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes the above-mentioned positive electrode for lithium secondary battery; A negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material; A separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and electrolytes.
- the lithium secondary battery may have a driving voltage of 4.3V or more, specifically 4.3V to 4.5V, and more specifically 4.35V to 4.45V.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes a B coating, it reduces contact with the electrolyte and suppresses side reactions such as metal elution, and thus exhibits excellent characteristics at high voltage. Therefore, the lithium secondary battery containing this is operated at high voltage. This is possible.
- the lithium secondary battery may optionally further include a battery container that accommodates the electrode assembly of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator, and a sealing member that seals the battery container.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer located on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- it can be used on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the negative electrode active material layer optionally includes a binder and a conductive material along with the negative electrode active material.
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon;
- Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy;
- a composite containing the above-described metallic compound and a carbonaceous material such as a Si-C composite or Sn-C composite, may be used, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- the conductive material of the negative electrode active material layer is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular restrictions in the battery being constructed as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Alternatively, conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the binder of the negative electrode active material layer serves to improve adhesion between negative electrode active material particles and adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- the negative electrode active material layer is formed by applying a negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode active material and optionally a binder and a conductive material on a negative electrode current collector and drying it, or by casting the negative electrode slurry on a separate support and then removing it from this support. It can also be manufactured by laminating the film obtained by peeling onto the negative electrode current collector.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery, and in particular, it can be used for ion movement in the electrolyte. It is desirable to have low resistance and excellent electrolyte moisturizing ability.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these. A laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the electrolyte included in the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may be an organic liquid electrolyte, an inorganic liquid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel-type polymer electrolyte, a solid inorganic electrolyte, or a molten inorganic electrolyte, but is not limited to these.
- the electrolyte is an organic liquid electrolyte and may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate Carbonate-based solvents such as PC); Alcohol-based solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a C2 to C20 straight-chain, branched or
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charge/discharge performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- the lithium salt can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is preferably used within the range of 0.1 to 5.0M, preferably 0.1 to 3.0M. When the concentration of lithium salt is within the above range, the electrolyte has appropriate conductivity and viscosity, so excellent electrolyte performance can be achieved and lithium ions can move effectively.
- the electrolyte may further include additives for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- the additives include carbonate-based compounds, sultone-based compounds, sulfate-based compounds, pyridine, triethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexamethyl phosphate triamide, Nitrobenzene derivatives, sulfur, quinone imine dyes, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imidazolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol and aluminum trichloride, etc., alone or in combination. It can be used, but is not limited to this.
- the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive
- the lithium secondary battery containing the positive electrode according to the present invention has excellent initial resistance and high temperature storage characteristics, and is therefore useful in the field of portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, etc., and electric vehicles.
- a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module or battery pack is a power tool; Electric Vehicle (EV); Alternatively, it can be used as a power source for one or more mid- to large-sized devices among power storage systems.
- EV Electric Vehicle
- Cobalt manganese-based oxide was prepared. Afterwards, a coating layer containing Al and W was formed on the surface. As a result of observing the prepared lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide using a scanning electron microscope, it was confirmed that it had the form of a single particle.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide, carbon black conductive material, and PVDF binder are mixed in N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 97.3:1.43:1.27, and 0.01 parts by weight of Li 2 is added to 100 parts by weight of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide.
- B 4 O 7 was added to prepare a positive electrode slurry with a solid content of 74% by weight.
- the prepared positive electrode slurry was applied at a loading amount of 20 mg/cm 2 to one side of a 10 ⁇ m thick aluminum current collector and then dried at 130°C to prepare a positive electrode active material layer.
- the laminate having the positive electrode active material layer formed on the current collector was cut, placed between two rolling rolls, and rolled at 25°C.
- the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer obtained by Equation 1 above after rolling was 22%.
- Li 2 B 4 O 7 was not added, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide, carbon black conductive material, and PVDF binder were mixed in N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 97.3:1.43:1.27 to prepare the positive electrode slurry.
- a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that it was manufactured.
- An electrode assembly was manufactured by interposing a 15 ⁇ m thick polyethylene separator between each positive electrode and the lithium metal negative electrode prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples, then placed inside the battery case, and then injected into the case. After being sealed and going through an activation step, a half-cell was manufactured.
- the electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1M in a mixed organic solvent of ethylene carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate at a volume ratio of 3:7 to prepare an organic solution, and then mixing 0.2 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC). was used.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- 리튬을 제외한 전체 금속 중 니켈의 함량이 50몰% 이상인 조성을 갖되 단입자 또는 30개 이하의 1차 입자가 응집된 2차 입자인 유사-단입자 중 적어도 하나의 형태인 리튬 니켈계 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질; 리튬 보레이트계 화합물; 바인더; 도전재 및 용매를 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 보레이트계 화합물은 리튬 테트라보레이트(Li2B4O7)인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 보레이트계 화합물은 상기 리튬 니켈계 산화물 100 중량부에 대하여, 0.005 중량부 내지 0.5 중량부의 양으로 포함되는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 바인더는 상기 양극 슬러리 중 고형분의 전체 중량을 기준으로, 0.5 중량% 내지 2.5 중량%의 양으로 포함되는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 도전재는 상기 양극 슬러리 중 고형분의 전체 중량을 기준으로, 0.5 중량% 내지 2.5 중량%의 양으로 포함되는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 양극 슬러리 중 고형분은 상기 양극 슬러리 전체 중량을 기준으로 40 중량% 내지 90 중량%의 양으로 포함되는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 니켈계 산화물은, 하기 화학식 1의 조성을 갖는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리:[화학식 1]Li1+x(NiaCobM1 cM2 d)O2상기 화학식 1에서,M1은 Mn, Al 또는 이들의 조합이고,M2는 W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B 및 Mo로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상이고,1+x, a, b, c 및 d는 각각 독립적인 원소들의 원자분율로서,-0.2≤x≤0.2, 0.50≤a<1, 0<b<0.50, 0<c<0.50, 0≤d≤0.10, a+b+c+d=1이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 니켈계 산화물은, 입자 표면에 Al 및 W 중 하나 이상의 원소를 포함하는 코팅층을 포함하는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 니켈계 산화물의 D50은 2㎛ 내지 8㎛인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 니켈계 산화물은, 입자 표면에 잔류하는 리튬 화합물의 중량 측정 시, Li2CO3가 LiOH에 비해 더 많은 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극 슬러리.
- 청구항 1에 따른 양극 슬러리를 양극 집전체의 적어도 일면에 코팅하여 형성된 양극 활물질층을 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 11에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층의 기공도는 19% 내지 25%인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 리튬을 제외한 전체 금속 중 니켈의 함량이 50몰% 이상인 조성을 갖되 단입자 또는 30개 이하의 1차 입자가 응집된 2차 입자인 유사-단입자 중 적어도 하나의 형태인 리튬 니켈계 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질을 포함하며,리튬 보레이트계 화합물을 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 리튬을 제외한 전체 금속 중 니켈의 함량이 50몰% 이상인 조성을 갖되 단입자 또는 30개 이하의 1차 입자가 응집된 2차 입자인 유사-단입자 중 적어도 하나의 형태인 리튬 니켈계 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질; 리튬 보레이트계 화합물; 바인더; 도전재; 및 용매를 혼합하여 양극 슬러리를 제조하는 단계, 및상기 양극 슬러리를 양극 집전체의 적어도 일면에 코팅하여 양극 활물질층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,니켈 함량이 50몰% 이상인 니켈 전이금속 전구체와 리튬 원료 물질의 혼합물을 소성하여 상기 리튬 니켈계 산화물을 준비하는 단계를 더 포함하며,상기 리튬 니켈계 산화물을 준비하는 단계는 상기 소성 후 수세 단계를 포함하지 않는 것인, 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 리튬 니켈계 산화물을 준비하는 단계와 상기 양극 슬러리를 제조하는 단계 사이에 리튬 니켈계 산화물 상에 보론 코팅하는 단계를 포함하지 않는, 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 11 또는 13에 따른 양극;음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극;상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막; 및전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 청구항 17에 있어서,구동 전압이 4.3V 이상인 리튬 이차전지.
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| JP2025541852A JP2026504291A (ja) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-01-09 | リチウム二次電池用正極スラリーおよびこれを用いたリチウム二次電池用正極の製造方法 |
| EP24744790.7A EP4654290A4 (en) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-01-09 | Positive electrode slurry for lithium secondary battery and method for manufacturing positive electrode for lithium secondary battery using same |
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| KR20120019229A (ko) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지의 양극용 조성물 및 상기 양극을 포함하는 이차 전지 |
| KR20190056093A (ko) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 및 전지모듈 |
| KR20190059115A (ko) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극재에 포함되는 비가역 첨가제, 이의 제조방법, 및 이 및 포함하는 양극재 |
| KR20210007808A (ko) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-20 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 리튬이차전지용 양극활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지 |
| KR20220099802A (ko) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-07-14 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20230009079A (ko) | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-17 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 저장고 |
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2023
- 2023-01-20 KR KR1020230009079A patent/KR20240116301A/ko active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-09 JP JP2025541852A patent/JP2026504291A/ja active Pending
- 2024-01-09 CN CN202480006501.2A patent/CN120418985A/zh active Pending
- 2024-01-09 WO PCT/KR2024/000426 patent/WO2024155009A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-09 EP EP24744790.7A patent/EP4654290A4/en active Pending
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| KR20120019229A (ko) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지의 양극용 조성물 및 상기 양극을 포함하는 이차 전지 |
| KR20190056093A (ko) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 및 전지모듈 |
| KR20190059115A (ko) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극재에 포함되는 비가역 첨가제, 이의 제조방법, 및 이 및 포함하는 양극재 |
| KR20210007808A (ko) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-20 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | 리튬이차전지용 양극활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지 |
| KR20220099802A (ko) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-07-14 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20230009079A (ko) | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-17 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 저장고 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2026504291A (ja) | 2026-02-04 |
| KR20240116301A (ko) | 2024-07-29 |
| EP4654290A1 (en) | 2025-11-26 |
| EP4654290A4 (en) | 2026-05-06 |
| CN120418985A (zh) | 2025-08-01 |
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