WO2024200068A1 - Procédé, appareil et programme informatique pour l'identification et la commande de composants électromécaniques - Google Patents

Procédé, appareil et programme informatique pour l'identification et la commande de composants électromécaniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024200068A1
WO2024200068A1 PCT/EP2024/057142 EP2024057142W WO2024200068A1 WO 2024200068 A1 WO2024200068 A1 WO 2024200068A1 EP 2024057142 W EP2024057142 W EP 2024057142W WO 2024200068 A1 WO2024200068 A1 WO 2024200068A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electromechanical component
current profile
current
determined
electromechanical
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2024/057142
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fabian WINKEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP24712049.6A priority Critical patent/EP4689682A1/fr
Publication of WO2024200068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024200068A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
    • G01R31/3278—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches of relays, solenoids or reed switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a technology for identifying, testing and controlling electromechanical components.
  • the invention preferably relates to smaller designs of the electromechanical components, for example in the form of relays, which often experience heavy wear. In particular, current-carrying contacts of the electromechanical components wear out.
  • electromechanical components In general, the use of electromechanical components is still widespread today. They are particularly useful for high currents and/or weak signal sources. They are also used for high continuous currents and in potentially explosive areas.
  • Today's designs of electromechanical components have compact dimensions, which can be around 13 mm x 30 mm x 25 mm when designed as relays, for example.
  • the properties of the electromechanical components can also be standardized, so that different manufacturers can be used, especially for components that are subject to high levels of wear. Different functional types of electromechanical components can also be plugged into the same socket. This advantageously reduces the number of different sockets, but in return increases the risk of incorrect assembly.
  • Identification devices are generally known for components in electrical systems or devices that are to be replaced regularly. These check the type and often also the manufacturer of the new component. Depending on the test result, the system or device can react to the identification.
  • identification elements chip, optical code
  • These can be read and evaluated using appropriate optical, electrical or other devices.
  • the identification elements in the components being replaced and the corresponding devices in the associated devices and systems take up space, consume electricity and incur costs in development and production. Furthermore, such identification elements on miniaturized electromechanical components are impractical and therefore unusual due to a lack of space and in order to avoid additional costs.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a technology which enables the identification of electromechanical components without the need for independent identification elements.
  • a key idea of the invention is the identification of an electromechanical component (also called an actuator), for example in the form of a relay, based on electrical parameters and their curves. These are determined using suitable measuring technology. The determined data is then compared with known data, each of which can be assigned to different designs of the electromechanical components. The different designs can in turn be assigned to specific manufacturers of electromechanical actuators.
  • type identification of the actuators is possible, which includes, for example, identification of the level of the supply voltage. The system or device can automatically set the supply voltage and other parameters, for example for predictive maintenance. Finally, a functional check of the actuators is possible. According to the invention, separate identification means are dispensed with.
  • a first aspect relates to a device for testing an electromechanical component.
  • This comprises a control for determining a current profile of the electromechanical component, wherein the current profile has a temporally determined local maximum based on an armature return movement when a coil current of the electromechanical component is switched off.
  • the control further comprises a classification of the determined current profile based on predetermined current profiles. The classification comprises determining a first match between the determined current profile and one of the predetermined current profiles, taking into account the armature return movement.
  • Electromechanical components are used to generate mechanical processes using electrical energy.
  • Typical electromechanical components include switches and relays, which are used in switch cabinet construction, among other things. These are often operated with low voltage that does not exceed 60 volts. Typical voltages can also include 12V and 24V.
  • a relay as an embodiment of the electromechanical component is a remotely operated switch operated by electrical current, usually with two switching positions. The relay is activated via a control circuit and can switch additional circuits.
  • Classification can include a selection from several groups, sets or categories, which together form a classification.
  • the classification of electromechanical components can include different types, which can be divided, for example, according to different electrical functions, current and/or voltage levels, service life, etc. Within a group, set or category, further subdivisions can occur, for example according to different manufacturers of the same type of electromechanical component. Classification is made possible by the different mechanical designs of electromechanical components of the same type by different manufacturers. Different types of electromechanical components also have characteristic but different features per manufacturer.
  • An armature of an electromechanical component is a movable, ferromagnetic component that is fixed in a rest position by a spring. Due to the force of a magnetic flux, the armature moves in an armature forward movement into a working position in which it switches electrical contacts. After the magnetic flux is switched off, the armature returns to its rest position in an armature return movement, which simultaneously ends the switching of the electrical contacts.
  • the magnetic flux is generated by a coil. The current is measured during the armature forward movement or during the armature return movement.
  • this allows the electromechanical component to be determined without recourse to identification elements, which may include both the type of component and, optionally, the manufacturer of the type of component.
  • the electromechanical component can be designed as a relay.
  • the relay can be suitable for use in a relay socket of a programmable logic controller (PLC).
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • the external relay design i.e. housing dimensions and design
  • the external relay design i.e. housing dimensions and design
  • Various manufacturers offer suitable relays for such a socket.
  • the design includes the determination of the geometry and the electrical connections of the relay, including their placement and design. Easy interchangeability is ensured by using different manufacturers.
  • the device can be a programmable logic controller or a (different) mounting rail module.
  • At least one switching cycle can be carried out to determine the current profile of the electromechanical component.
  • the switching cycle can include an armature movement when a coil current of the electromechanical component is switched on.
  • the armature forward movement moves the armature from the spring-supported rest position into the working position caused by the magnetic flux, while simultaneously switching the electrical contacts.
  • the armature returns to its rest position in an armature return movement. Accordingly, the armature forward movement and armature return movement form a switching cycle.
  • a current curve of the armature movement can also be advantageously evaluated.
  • the switching cycle in the current flow may have a time-determined local minimum based on the armature movement of the electromechanical component.
  • the advantage is that a minimum in the current curve is easy to determine. At the same time, it differs significantly from the current curve maximum, which reduces the risk of confusion between the two measurements. This is further improved by determining the respective timing. This means that both armature movements can be identified and their current curve characteristics recorded using a simple measuring arrangement.
  • a type of electromechanical component can be determined based on the first match between the determined current profile and one of the predefined current profiles.
  • the predefined current profiles are assigned to the groups or categories of the classification.
  • a first error message can be generated if the determined current profile does not match one of the predefined current profiles for the first time.
  • Determining the agreement involves checking the temporally determined course. This includes comparing the start, development and end of the corresponding current course section over time. The absolute current level is also recorded and compared with the specified current courses.
  • An error message can include an electrical signal that is transmitted to a central processing unit. It can also be signaled optically or acoustically. This is an advantageous way to ensure that a correct electromechanical component is being used. At the same time, its functionality can be confirmed.
  • a manufacturer of the type of electromechanical component can be determined based on the first match. This can be done after determining the type of component in a subcategory, so that the match of the current profiles is particularly meaningful in this case.
  • a message can be signaled that includes the manufacturer and the type of electromechanical component.
  • a parameter can be reported for further work steps, which can be used, for example, in predictive maintenance or for a specific control of the electromechanical component.
  • a check of the type and optionally the manufacturer of the electromechanical component can be carried out based on a second match of the determined current profile with one of the predetermined current profiles that has the first match. This can also include the temporal course of the corresponding current profile, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the supply voltage to be applied.
  • a second error message can be generated in the event of a mismatch.
  • the second match may include a check of the above-mentioned minimum of the current waveform characteristic of the armature movement.
  • Each agreement has a target value and a tolerated deviation from the target value, referred to below as tolerance. As long as the deviations between the determined current profile and the specified current profile are within the tolerance, agreement is detected. Otherwise, the first or second error message is generated, although other error messages are also possible.
  • determining the first match or second match may include determining the required supply voltage of the electromechanical component. This may be based on the measurement of the current profile, wherein an assignment of the required supply voltage may be based on reference values or a machine learning method.
  • the device may automatically set the required supply voltage based on the determination. The temporal progression of the corresponding current curve can be halved when twice the supply voltage is applied to the electromechanical component.
  • the measurement can be repeated with the supply voltage halved to identify the correct supply voltage. If the supply voltage is half, a malfunction of the electromechanical component can be determined. In this case, the supply voltage can be doubled and the measurement repeated. In this way, the correct supply voltage can be automatically determined and then automatically set.
  • the machine learning process is a general term for the "artificial" generation of knowledge from experience: an artificial system learns from examples and can generalize them after the learning phase has ended. To do this, machine learning algorithms build a statistical model based on training data and which is tested against the test data.
  • the first coincidence may, for example, comprise the time-determined local maximum of the armature return movement and the second coincidence may comprise the time-determined local minimum of the armature forward movement.
  • the detection and adjustment of the supply voltage of the electromechanical component can be carried out automatically.
  • measurement series of the determined current profile and the specified current profile can be taken into account directly in the machine learning process.
  • measurement series from the determined current profile and the specified current profiles can be taken into account in the form of extracted features as input data for the machine learning process.
  • a Euclidean distance between the determined current profile and the specified current profile can be taken into account based on the reference measurement series.
  • Measurement series of the determined current curve can be designed as value series that record and document the current power consumption at specified time intervals. Typical time intervals can be 1ms or 0.1ms. Extracted features as input data can be formed depending on the temperature, especially since the temperature has a significant influence on the armature movements.
  • the applied voltage can be taken into account.
  • the Euclidean distance or Euclidean distance is the concept of distance in Euclidean geometry.
  • the Euclidean distance between two points in the plane or in space is the length of a line segment that connects these two points, measured for example with a ruler.
  • digital processing can be carried out based on the series of measurements, the comparability of which is improved by taking into account other influencing factors.
  • the controller can initiate the activation of predictive maintenance.
  • the controller can initiate a gentle switching.
  • the controller can initiate a self-healing process of the electromechanical component.
  • the activation of predictive maintenance can include parameterization of predictive maintenance.
  • the degree of conformity is also referred to above as tolerance and has a target value and a tolerated deviation from the target value.
  • Activating proactive maintenance is also known as predictive maintenance.
  • the aim of predictive maintenance is to obtain information about the condition of an electromechanical switching element of an electromechanical component. Actions can be carried out on the basis of this information, for example replacing the electromechanical component.
  • This can be designed as a relay.
  • machine learning methods First, a data set is recorded that contains measured variables for a number of relays over their service life and thus maps the degradation. A machine learning method, e.g. an artificial neural network, is then trained with this data set, learning an association between the measured data and the age of the respective relay. After training, the machine learning method can be carried out in a product, for example via a cloud connection, so that information about the condition of the switching element and thus of the electromechanical component can be obtained from the measured variables.
  • the aim of soft switching is to increase the service life of an electromechanical component with electromechanical switching elements.
  • Various phenomena influence the degradation of electromechanical switching elements, one of which is so-called "bounce". Contacts hit each other several times when closing, causing wear.
  • By optimizing the control of the switching element it is possible to reduce the "bounce". To do this, the supply voltage of the switching element is briefly switched off or on during the switching process, so that the contacts hit each other at a lower speed and therefore "bounce" less.
  • the challenge with this process lies in the choice of Time and duration of switching on or off. An optimization element is recommended for this, which adjusts the time and duration based on the "bouncing".
  • Self-healing describes at least a partial repair of the electromechanical component.
  • the aim of self-healing is to reverse degradation processes in order to extend the service life of electromechanical switching elements. This is possible because some of the degradation processes are reversible.
  • One example of this is material migration, as a result of which material accumulations form on the contact surfaces.
  • By specifically controlling the switching element it is possible to cause friction between the contacts, which in turn causes the material accumulations to be rubbed off.
  • the overstroke of a switching element is of great importance for control: When switched on, the contact pair first touches, then it is bent (the overstroke occurs) and finally the armature hits the coil core. The friction is triggered by switching the supply voltage on and off in such a way that the overstroke is built up and reduced.
  • the contacts are therefore constantly touching, but the armature repeatedly detaches itself from the coil core.
  • targeted maintenance, repair or servicing measures can be planned or carried out to improve the reliable service life of the electromechanical component.
  • the current flow of the electromechanical component can be determined taking into account the prevailing temperature.
  • the current flow may depend on the installation position of the armature. Taking the installation position into account improves the accuracy of the measurement.
  • the determination of the first correspondence between the determined current curve and one of the predetermined current curves can be carried out taking into account the curve of the coil current during the armature return movement.
  • the coil current is to be understood as the current that flows through a coil of the electromechanical component. This is a direct current that generates the magnetic flux in the coil, which in turn attracts the armature. The character of this direct current during the armature's forward and backward movement serves to determine the type and, if applicable, manufacturer of the electromechanical component.
  • the type and, if applicable, manufacturer of the electromechanical component can be determined with just one measurement.
  • a second aspect relates to a method for testing an electromechanical component according to the device of the first aspect and optionally according to one or more of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect.
  • a type comparison of the identified electromechanical component can be made with one of the intended types of electromechanical component.
  • the output of an approval signal for the operation of the electromechanical component can be made if the type of the identified electromechanical component matches one of the intended types of electromechanical component. Otherwise, an error signal can be output with respect to the electromechanical component.
  • the predictive maintenance and/or the soft switching and/or the self-healing process of the electromechanical component can be deactivated.
  • the type comparison compares the identified electromechanical component with the permitted electromechanical component types.
  • the approval signal can be used to activate predictive maintenance and, in addition or alternatively, soft switching and, in addition or alternatively, the self-healing process of the electromechanical component.
  • the error signal can be used to deactivate the operation of a system in which the electromechanical component is integrated. Predictive maintenance, soft switching and self-healing processes have already been explained in more detail above.
  • the execution of the method is not coupled to a specific device.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product comprising program code sections for carrying out the steps according to the second aspect of the invention when the computer program product is executed on one or more computer devices.
  • the computer program product can be stored on a computer-readable recording medium.
  • the computer program product is a suitable embodiment of the method according to the second aspect of the invention, which can run on a computer suitable for this purpose.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device of a first aspect
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a method of a second aspect
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a device in a first embodiment
  • Fig. 4 shows current curves when switching on and off an electromechanical component
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a type-manufacturer matrix
  • Fig. 6 shows a device with a PLC relay socket in a first embodiment in different views
  • Fig. 7 shows a device with a PLC relay socket in a first embodiment in a perspective view
  • Fig. 8 shows a device with a PLC relay socket in a second embodiment in different views
  • Fig. 9 shows a device with a PLC relay socket in a second embodiment in a perspective view
  • Fig. 10 shows an electromechanical component in different views
  • Fig. 11 shows an electromechanical component in a perspective view.
  • Fig. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of a device 100 of a first aspect.
  • the device 100 is used to test an electromechanical component 150. It comprises a controller 102 for determining a current profile 104 (not shown) of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the current profile 104 has a temporally determined local maximum 106 (not shown) based on an armature return movement 108 (not shown) when switching off a coil current 110 (not shown) of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the controller 102 is designed to classify the determined current profile 104 based on predetermined current profiles 114, 116. The classification includes determining a first match between the determined current profile 104 and one of the predetermined current profiles, taking into account the armature return movement 108.
  • Device 100 also has a unit 101 for voltage supply and current measurement. This is electrically connected to the controller 102. There is also a connection to an interface (not shown) for the electromechanical component 150.
  • the controller 102 also includes a signaling and/or communication interface.
  • Fig. 2 shows a basic circuit diagram of a method 200 of a second aspect.
  • the method 200 is used to test an electromechanical component 150. It includes determining 202, with a controller, a current profile 104 (not shown) of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the current profile 104 has a temporally determined local maximum 106 (not shown) based on an armature return movement 108 when a coil current 110 (not shown) of the electromechanical component 150 is switched off.
  • the method further comprises classifying 202, with the controller 102, the determined current profile 104 based on a plurality of predetermined current profiles 114/116, wherein the classification 202 comprises determining a first match of the determined current profile 104 with one of the predetermined current profiles 114/116 taking into account the armature return movement 108 (not shown).
  • the method 200 further comprises a type comparison 202 of the identified electromechanical component 150 with one of the intended types 114 of the electromechanical component.
  • the method 200 comprises an output of an approval signal 206 for the operation of the electromechanical component 150 if the type 114 of the identified electromechanical component 150 matches one of the intended types 114 of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the method 200 comprises an output of an error signal 208 with respect to the electromechanical component 150.
  • the error signal 208 is output, the predictive maintenance and/or the soft switching and/or the self-healing process of the electromechanical component (not shown) is deactivated.
  • the determination 202, classification 202 and type comparison 202 of the electromechanical component 150 can also be referred to as '1. Actuator identified?'.
  • Fig. 3 shows a basic circuit diagram of a device 100 in a first embodiment.
  • the device 100 receives the electromechanical component 150 via an interface designed as a socket.
  • the device 100 also comprises a component for voltage supply and current measurement 101, which is coupled to a controller 102 and to a power supply for generating the coil current 110 of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the electromechanical component 150 is supplied with the coil current 110 via the connections A1 and A2 and a rectifier.
  • the interface of the electromechanical component 150 also has contacts 11, 12, 14, 21, 22 and 24, which are also routed via sockets and establish an electrical connection to the switchable contacts of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the interface is also designed as a PLC relay socket 112 with corresponding mechanical receptacles.
  • the electromechanical component 150 is plugged with its plug contacts 152 into the corresponding sockets of the device 100.
  • the electromechanical component 150 is designed as a relay.
  • the relay 150 can be suitable for use in a PLC relay socket 112.
  • Fig. 4 shows current profiles 104 when switching on and switching off an electromechanical component 150 in the device 100. At least one switching cycle is carried out to determine the current profile 104 of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the switching cycle includes not only the armature return movement 108 but also an armature forward movement when switching on a coil current 110 of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the switching cycle for the current profile 104 can have a time-determined local minimum 107 based on the armature forward movement of the electromechanical component 150.
  • the armature return movement 108 has a time-determined local maximum 106, as already explained in Fig. 1.
  • Different types 114 of the electromechanical component 150 each exhibit significant deviations when switching on the coil current 110 or when switching off the coil current 110 in relation to the time determination of the maximum or minimum, in relation to the current level and possibly also in relation to the curve. Furthermore, different manufacturers 116 (manufacturer A, manufacturer B) of the same type 114 also exhibit significant deviations from one another. Accordingly, both a type It is possible to differentiate between manufacturers based on the breaking currents, possibly supplemented by the making currents.
  • the type determination of the electromechanical component 150 is based on a first match between the determined current profile 104 and a current profile from a plurality of predefined current profiles (not shown).
  • a plurality of types 114 are kept available for the type determination, with which the determined current profile 104 is compared.
  • a first error message (not shown) can be generated in the event of a first mismatch between the determined current profile 104 and one of the predefined current profiles.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a type 114 - manufacturer 116 matrix.
  • the measured current profile 104 is compared with the current consumption stored in a memory of the various types 114 to be identified.
  • the measured current profile 104 is compared with the various manufacturers 116. In this way, a determination of type 114 and manufacturer 116 can be made.
  • a manufacturer 116 of the type 114 of the electromechanical component 150 can be determined based on the first match that occurs when the coil current is switched off and the associated armature return movement.
  • a message can be generated that signals the manufacturer 16 and the type 114 of the electromechanical component 150.
  • a check of the type 114 and optionally the manufacturer 116 of the electromechanical component 150 can be carried out based on a second match of the determined current profile 104 with one of the predetermined current profiles that has the second match.
  • a second error message can be generated in the event of a mismatch.
  • determining the first match or the second match may include determining the required supply voltage of the electromechanical component based on the measurement of the current waveform (not shown). Assigning the required supply voltage may be based on reference values or a machine learning method.
  • the device 100 may also automatically set the required supply voltage based on the determination (not shown). This is based on the temporal course of the current waveforms, as explained in more detail above.
  • measurement series of the determined current profile 104 and the specified current profile can be taken into account directly.
  • measurement series from extracted features of the determined current profile and the specified current profile are taken into account as input data for the machine learning process.
  • a Euclidean distance between the determined current profile 104 and the specified current profile can be taken into account based on the reference measurement series.
  • the controller can initiate the activation of predictive maintenance (technically known as predictive maintenance) and/or a soft switching and/or a self-healing process of the electromechanical component 150.
  • predictive maintenance technically known as predictive maintenance
  • the activation of predictive maintenance can include parameterization of predictive maintenance, which can, for example, take into account different maintenance levels.
  • the current profile of the electromechanical component 150 can be determined taking into account the prevailing temperature (not shown).
  • the current flow of the electromechanical component 150 can be determined taking into account the installation position (not shown).
  • the determination of the first correspondence between the determined current profile and one of the specified current profiles can be carried out by taking into account only the course of the coil current 110 during the armature return movement 108. However, it can also additionally include the current course of the armature forward movement.
  • the first match between the determined current curve and one of the predetermined current curves can be determined by taking into account the curve of the coil current 110 during the armature return movement 108.
  • Fig. 6 shows the device 100 in a first embodiment in various views.
  • the device 100 comprises the PLC relay base 112 with the electromechanical component 150 inserted.
  • the device 100 also comprises the controller 102 and various connection terminals for electrical connection on both sides. These are arranged as individual terminals in two or three rows, as can be seen from the left and right side views, respectively, with two rows of individual terminals also having a slotted terminal. Dimensions for mounting on a terminal block for control cabinets and with regard to the overall height are added as examples.
  • Fig. 7 shows a device 100 with a PLC relay socket 112 in a first embodiment in a perspective view according to Figure 6.
  • Fig. 8 shows a device 100 with a PLC relay socket 112 in a second embodiment in various views.
  • the device 100 comprises the PLC relay socket 112 without the electromechanical component 150 inserted.
  • the device 100 also comprises the controller 102 and various connection terminals for electrical connection on both sides. These are arranged as individual terminals in two or three rows, as can be seen from the left and right side views, respectively, with paired slotted terminals being present in two rows of individual terminals. Dimensions for mounting on a terminal block for control cabinets and with regard to the overall height are also added here as examples.
  • Fig. 9 shows a device 100 with a PLC relay socket 112 in a second embodiment in a perspective view according to Figure 8.
  • Fig. 10 shows an electromechanical component 150 in its front view, its side view and its top view.
  • the geometric dimensions and electrical connections are designed according to the PLC relay socket 112 so that the electromechanical component 150 can be used without any problems.
  • Corresponding dimensions and the shape of the connector face with cross and longitudinal connectors in knife form are also included in Fig. 9.
  • FIG. 11 shows an electromechanical component according to Figure 10 in a perspective view.
  • electromechanical actuators 150 electromechanical component 150
  • manufacturer 116 or type 114 based on the coil current 104 The prior art is silent on such a distinction for electromechanical actuators 150.
  • electromechanical actuators 150 goes beyond the previously described methods: No change or addition to the components 150 is necessary, since the characteristics can be used for identification due to the functional mechanical structure.
  • the prior art only shows teachings that include an additional identification element for replaceable components, for example in the form of a storage medium or bar code or other optical or electrical recognition methods.
  • the invention aims to provide a device 100 (in which replaceable electromechanical actuators 150 - i.e. electromechanical components - are used) which identifies these actuators 150.
  • a device 100 in which replaceable electromechanical actuators 150 - i.e. electromechanical components - are used
  • One possible device is a PLC relay socket, which is widely used in control cabinet construction and is used to insert relays in control cabinets. In such devices, the actuators 150 often have to be changed, which is why the connections are standardized and several manufacturers 116 manufacture products of one type 114.
  • Changing the electromechanical actuator 150 brings with it a number of problems in practice. Firstly, it is possible that the user swaps an actuator 150 due to standardization when changing, i.e. uses the wrong actuator 150. In this case, the device 100 can probably no longer be used properly and a complex troubleshooting process must be started. By identifying the actuator 150, such an error could be reported fully automatically.
  • Another source of error is product counterfeiting or the use of an untested actuator 150, where it cannot be guaranteed that the original specification of the manufacturer 116 can be met.
  • the identification of the actuator 150 could give the user an indication of a possible product counterfeit or the use of an untested actuator 150.
  • the features of the invention can be used in particular to identify non-certified spare parts, to identify incorrect spare parts and, additionally or alternatively, to deactivate component-dependent functions.
  • the identification of actuators with different supply voltage designs is already possible via the coil current, since the coil resistance and thus also the currents in the switched-on state are different due to the different number of windings.
  • the voltage must be measured or known.
  • the resistance can then be calculated using Ohm's law, which in turn can be assigned to a supply voltage design. The assignment can be made using reference values or a machine learning process.
  • the identification of the electromechanical actuators is also possible on the basis of the course of the coil current when switching on and off.
  • the curves of the coil currents therefore depend significantly on the geometry of the actuator 150, which is characteristic for each manufacturer 116.
  • the manufacturer 116 can thus be determined from the shapes of the current curves 104. This is possible with machine learning methods, but also with metrics and reference values.
  • the measurement series or features extracted from the measurement series can be used as input data to carry out a classification of the actuator 150.
  • a machine learning process can be used to learn how to distinguish between known manufacturers 116 and supply voltage designs - i.e., to determine the correct supply voltage.
  • the recorded measurement series can be evaluated in terms of their similarity to the reference measurement series 114, 116. Since the manufacturer 116 and supply voltage designs are known for the reference measurement series, identification can take place in this way.
  • Fig. 1 shows the necessary component groups for implementing the invention.
  • the electromechanical actuator 150 is connected to the device 100 via a supply line.
  • at least one assembly 102/101 is required, through which at least one external voltage supply signal can be passed on and through which the coil current 104 can be measured at the same time.
  • the recorded series of measurements are then evaluated in a controller 102 (not shown), which can be implemented by a microcontroller.
  • the controller 102 can be arranged either in the device 100 or alternatively outside the device 100.
  • Fig. 2 shows a possible structure of an algorithm for identifying the actuators.
  • Four functional blocks are distinguished.
  • a machine learning method in the form of an artificial neural network is used.
  • Other methods or a comparison using metrics are also conceivable.
  • a first step 202 (“I. Actuator identified?”) the actuator 150 (for example the electromechanical component) is identified.
  • this function block 202 a Classification of the actuator 150 takes place using artificial neural networks. This must have been trained in advance with a reference data set of the actuator 150. If identification is successful, a function block 204 can be used to check whether the actuator 150 is working correctly ("II. Actuator correct?"). If identification of the actuator 150 is not possible, this can be output and additional functionalities, such as predictive maintenance, can be blocked. A corresponding signal can be initiated by function block 208 ("IV. Output error & deactivate function").
  • function block 204 (II. Actuator correct?") can be used to check whether the actuator is working correctly. For example, it can be checked whether the appropriate supply voltage is present. If not, an error signal is output by function block 208 ("IV. Output error & deactivate function"), after which additional functionalities such as predictive maintenance can be blocked.
  • a signal can be sent to a higher-level controller 102 via the function block 208 (IV. Output errors & deactivate functions) via a communication interface or can be output by a display on the device 100, for example by means of an optical signal.
  • the identification requires at least one switching cycle of the actuator 150. However, in order to increase the reliability of the prediction, it is recommended to use several switching cycles.
  • the availability of relays can advantageously be increased by cognitive systems, i.e. systems with neural networks.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un appareil (100), à un procédé (200) et à un produit-programme informatique permettant de tester un composant électromécanique (150), comprenant : un dispositif de commande (102) permettant de déterminer un profil de courant (104) du composant électromécanique (150), le profil de courant (104) présentant un maximum local (106), défini dans le temps, fondé sur un mouvement de retour d'induit (108) lorsqu'un courant de bobine (110) du composant électromécanique (150) est mis hors tension ; le dispositif de commande (102) est conçu pour classifier le profil de courant déterminé (104) en fonction de profils de courant spécifiés ; et la classification consiste à identifier une première correspondance entre le profil de courant déterminé (104) et l'un des profils de courant spécifiés, en tenant compte du mouvement de retour d'induit (108).
PCT/EP2024/057142 2023-03-29 2024-03-18 Procédé, appareil et programme informatique pour l'identification et la commande de composants électromécaniques Ceased WO2024200068A1 (fr)

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LU503757A LU503757B1 (de) 2023-03-29 2023-03-29 Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Computerprogramm zur Identifizierung und Ansteuerung elektromechanischer Bauteile

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022229274A1 (fr) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif et procédé permettant de détecter de l'usure dans un appareil électromécanique
DE102021111192A1 (de) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erkennen einer Abnutzung einer elektromechanischen Einrichtung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022229274A1 (fr) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif et procédé permettant de détecter de l'usure dans un appareil électromécanique
DE102021111192A1 (de) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erkennen einer Abnutzung einer elektromechanischen Einrichtung

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