WO2024203379A1 - Station de base, dispositif terminal, procédé de communication, et système de communication - Google Patents

Station de base, dispositif terminal, procédé de communication, et système de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024203379A1
WO2024203379A1 PCT/JP2024/009939 JP2024009939W WO2024203379A1 WO 2024203379 A1 WO2024203379 A1 WO 2024203379A1 JP 2024009939 W JP2024009939 W JP 2024009939W WO 2024203379 A1 WO2024203379 A1 WO 2024203379A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal device
base station
cell
point
information
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2024/009939
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
大輝 松田
光貴 高橋
博允 内山
亮太 木村
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Sony Group Corp
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Sony Group Corp
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Priority to CN202480020654.2A priority Critical patent/CN120958863A/zh
Publication of WO2024203379A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024203379A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/30—Special cell shapes, e.g. doughnuts or ring cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a base station, a terminal device, a communication method, and a communication system.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 One technique for improving frequency utilization efficiency is a technique that uses near-field phase differences to concentrate power at a specific point (e.g., Non-Patent Document 1).
  • this disclosure proposes a base station, a terminal device, a communication method, and a communication system that can achieve high communication performance.
  • a base station includes a forming unit that forms a point cell by concentrating power at a specific point through coordinated control of multiple antennas, and a tracking unit that executes processing to make the point cell track a terminal device.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a power concentration technique (point forming).
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a near field and a far field.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the Fraunhofer distance, which is the boundary between the near field and the far field.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of point forming using distributed antennas.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining processing related to Type 1.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining processing related to Type 2.
  • 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a management device according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a base station according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a power concentration technique (point forming).
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a near field and a far field.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the Fraunhofer
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a relay station according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a terminal device according to the present embodiment.
  • 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an initial connection process. A diagram showing a collision-based random access procedure. A diagram showing a non-collision based random access procedure. A diagram showing a two-step random access procedure.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a terminal tracking cell forming means according to Type 1.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a terminal tracking cell forming means according to Type 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a conventional arrangement of reference signals.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement of reference signals according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another example of an arrangement of reference signals according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of a point cell determination means using a synchronization signal.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining another example of a point cell determination means using a synchronization signal.
  • multiple components having substantially the same functional configuration may be distinguished by adding different letters or numbers after the same reference numeral.
  • multiple components having substantially the same functional configuration may be distinguished as necessary, such as terminal devices 40 1 , 40 2 , and 40 3 .
  • terminal devices 40 1 , 40 2 , and 40 3 when there is no particular need to distinguish between multiple components having substantially the same functional configuration, only the same reference numeral may be used.
  • terminal devices 40 1 , 40 2 , and 40 3 they will simply be referred to as terminal device 40.
  • One or more of the embodiments (including examples and variations) described below can be implemented independently. However, at least a portion of the embodiments described below may be implemented in appropriate combination with at least a portion of another embodiment. These embodiments may include novel features that are different from one another. Thus, these embodiments may contribute to solving different purposes or problems and may provide different effects.
  • base stations form planar or beam-shaped cells.
  • power concentration technology applied to wireless communication networks, it is expected that base stations will form small, point-shaped cells.
  • conventional technology even a slight movement of the terminal device will trigger conventional handover procedures, and it is expected that significant communication delays will occur.
  • the power concentration technique is sometimes referred to as pointforming.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram for explaining power concentration technology (point forming).
  • a base station e.g., eNB (eNodeB), gNB (gNodeB), or RAN node (including EUTRAN and NGRAN)
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • gNodeB gNodeB
  • RAN node including EUTRAN and NGRAN
  • the diagram on the left shows how the base station forms a planar cell
  • the diagram in the center shows how the base station forms a beam-shaped cell.
  • the base station provides communications to terminal devices (e.g., UE (User Equipment)).
  • terminal devices e.g., UE (User Equipment)
  • UE User Equipment
  • Point forming is a technology that maximizes the received power at a specific point by taking into account the phase difference between the radio waves transmitted from multiple transmitting antennas and coordinating the operation of multiple transmitting antennas so that the radio waves are combined in phase at the specific point. Outside the specific point, the radio waves transmitted from the multiple transmitting antennas are received with random phases, so the received power is suppressed by averaging. This realizes point forming, which forms a cell at a specific point.
  • the control device may, for example, control the initial phase of each transmitting antenna, or may control the amplitude of each transmitting antenna.
  • FIG 2 is a diagram for explaining the near field and far field.
  • a base station communicates with a distant terminal device such as a smartphone. Therefore, traditionally, studies have been conducted on the premise of a far field as shown on the right side of Figure 2. However, in the future, communications using even larger transmitting panels are expected. Therefore, it may become possible to communicate taking into account the phase difference, which is a characteristic of the near field region. Point forming may be used in this near field region.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram showing the Fraunhofer distance, which is the boundary between the near field and the far field.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of point forming using distributed antennas.
  • the base station has a control unit (CU (Central Unit) in the example of Figure 4) that controls multiple antennas and controls the transmitting antenna.
  • the CU and the transmitting antenna are optically connected, but this does not necessarily have to be optically connected.
  • Each of the multiple transmitting points (transmitting antennas) may be one base station.
  • multiple transmitting points (transmitting antennas) may be controlled by one or multiple base stations.
  • the multiple antennas (multiple transmitting points) may be one or multiple transmitting panels equipped with multiple transmitting antennas (antenna elements).
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining an overview of the solution of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first example of the solution of this embodiment (hereinafter referred to as Type 1)
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a second example of the solution of this embodiment (hereinafter referred to as Type 2).
  • the communication system of this embodiment includes a base station and a terminal device.
  • a transmission point indicates a transmitting antenna provided by the base station or controlled by the base station.
  • a reception point indicates a receiving antenna provided by the terminal device.
  • the base station forms a point cell using power concentration technology (point forming).
  • the base station includes a control unit that controls multiple antennas.
  • the base station then forms a point cell by concentrating power at a specific point through coordinated control of multiple antennas.
  • the base station executes a process to make the point cell track the terminal device.
  • the base station acquires information about the terminal device.
  • the base station acquires at least one of information about the moving direction of the terminal device, information about the moving speed of the terminal device, and location information of the terminal device, as the information about the terminal device.
  • the base station may acquire information about the interference power received by the terminal device, or information about the movement schedule of the terminal device, as the information about the terminal device.
  • the base station executes a process to make the point cell track the terminal device based on the information about the terminal device.
  • the process to make the point cell track the terminal device may be Type 1 or Type 2 shown below.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the processing related to Type 1.
  • the base station forms a plurality of point cells PC that cover an area surrounded by a transmission antenna. Then, the base station performs processing for switching the point cell PC to which the terminal device is connected by following the terminal device moving within the area.
  • the terminal device is configured to be connectable to two or more point cells PCs among the plurality of point cells PCs.
  • the base station notifies the terminal device of information regarding the point cell to which the terminal device will connect in the future among the two or more point cells PCs to which the terminal device is attached.
  • the base station notifies information regarding the connection order of the point cells as information regarding the point cell to which the terminal device will connect in the future.
  • the terminal device connects to one or more point cells PCs in advance based on the information notified from the base station. For example, the terminal device connects to the point cell PC to be used for communication in addition to the point cell PC currently used for communication.
  • Type 2 is a diagram for explaining processing related to Type 2.
  • the base station dynamically changes the settings related to the generation of the point cell PC so as to follow the moving direction of the terminal device. That is, in Type 2, the base station dynamically moves the point cell PC so as to follow the movement of the terminal device. At this time, the base station may dynamically move the point cell PC based on the movement information of the terminal device transmitted by the terminal device in accordance with its movement.
  • the base station executes processing to make the point cell follow the terminal device. Therefore, even if the terminal device moves, it can connect to the point cell without interruption.
  • the terminal device can connect to one or more point cell PCs in advance, allowing for smooth switching of point cells.
  • the point cell PC moves in accordance with the movement of the terminal device, so the terminal device can maintain its connection to the point cell even if it moves.
  • the communication system can achieve high communication performance.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of a communication system 1 according to this embodiment.
  • the communication system 1 includes a management device 10, a base station 20, a relay station 30, and a terminal device 40.
  • the communication system 1 provides a wireless network that enables mobile communication for users by having each wireless communication device that constitutes the communication system 1 work in cooperation with each other.
  • the wireless network of this embodiment is composed of a radio access network RAN and a core network CN.
  • a wireless communication device is a device that has a wireless communication function, and in the example of FIG. 7, this corresponds to the base station 20, the relay station 30, and the terminal device 40.
  • the communication system 1 may include a plurality of management devices 10, base stations 20, relay stations 30, and terminal devices 40.
  • the communication system 1 includes management devices 10-1 and 10-2 as the management devices 10, and includes base stations 20-1 , 20-2 , and 20-3 as the base stations 20.
  • the communication system 1 also includes relay stations 30-1 and 30-2 as the relay stations 30, and includes terminal devices 40-1 , 40-2 , and 40-3 as the terminal devices 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may be configured to connect to a network using a radio access technology (RAT: Radio Access Technology) such as LTE (Long Term Evolution), NR (New Radio), 6G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth (registered trademark), etc.
  • RAT Radio Access Technology
  • the terminal device 40 may be configured to be able to use different radio access technologies (wireless communication methods).
  • the terminal device 40 may be configured to be able to use NR and Wi-Fi.
  • the terminal device 40 may also be configured to be able to use different cellular communication technologies (for example, LTE, NR, or 6G).
  • LTE and NR are types of cellular communication technologies that enable mobile communication of terminal devices by arranging multiple areas covered by base stations in a cell-like manner.
  • 6G is also a type of cellular communication technology that enables mobile communication of terminal devices by arranging multiple areas covered by base stations in a cell-like manner.
  • LTE includes LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), LTE-A Pro (LTE-Advanced Pro), and EUTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access).
  • NR includes NRAT (New Radio Access Technology) and FEUTRA (Further EUTRA).
  • a single base station 20 may manage multiple cells.
  • a cell that supports LTE is referred to as an LTE cell
  • a cell that supports NR is referred to as an NR cell.
  • NR is the next generation (5th generation) wireless access technology after LTE (4th generation communication including LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro).
  • LTE 4th generation communication including LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro
  • NR is a wireless access technology that can support various use cases including eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband), mMTC (Massive Machine Type Communications) and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications).
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mMTC Massive Machine Type Communications
  • URLLC User-Reliable and Low Latency Communications
  • 6G is the next generation of cellular communication technology after NR and 5GS (5G system), which are the fifth generation mobile communications, and includes radio access technology and network technology between base stations, core networks, and data networks.
  • 6G may include the sophistication of eMBB, mMTC, and URLLC (Extreme connectivity), which were the main use cases or requirements in NR, as well as new technologies in new aspects.
  • New technologies are expected to include, for example, AI (Cognitive network, AI native Air Interface), sensing (including Radar sensing, network as a sensor), and terahertz communication.
  • the wireless network may be compatible with radio access technologies (RATs) such as LTE (Long Term Evolution), NR (New Radio), and 6G.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • LTE, NR, and 6G are types of cellular communication technologies that enable mobile communication for terminal devices by arranging multiple areas covered by base stations in the form of cells.
  • the wireless access method used by the communication system 1 is not limited to LTE, NR, and 6G, and may be other wireless access methods such as W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and cdma2000 (Code Division Multiple Access 2000).
  • the base station 20 and the relay station 30 may be terrestrial stations or non-terrestrial stations.
  • the non-terrestrial stations may be satellite stations or aircraft stations. If the non-terrestrial stations are satellite stations, the wireless network may be a bent-pipe (transparent) type mobile satellite communication system.
  • the terrestrial station and terrestrial base station refer to base stations and relay stations installed on the ground.
  • “terrestrial” has a broad definition of terrestrial, including not only land but also underground, on water, and underwater.
  • the term “terrestrial station” may be replaced with "gateway.”
  • LTE base stations are sometimes referred to as eNodeB (Evolved Node B) or eNB.
  • NR base stations are sometimes referred to as gNodeB or gNB.
  • 6G base stations are sometimes referred to as 6G NodeB (6GNB).
  • terminal devices also called mobile stations or terminals
  • UE User Equipment
  • terminal devices are a type of communication device and are also called mobile stations or terminals.
  • the terminal device 40 may be able to connect to the network using a wireless access technology (wireless communication method) other than LTE, NR, 6G, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
  • a wireless access technology wireless communication method
  • the terminal device 40 may be able to connect to the network using LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) communication.
  • LPWA Low Power Wide Area
  • the terminal device 40 may be able to connect to the network using a proprietary wireless communication standard.
  • LPWA communication refers to wireless communication that enables wide-range communication with low power.
  • LPWA wireless refers to IoT (Internet of Things) wireless communication that uses specific low-power radio (e.g., 920 MHz band) or ISM (Industry-Science-Medical) band.
  • the LPWA communication used by terminal device 40 may be compliant with the LPWA standard.
  • LPWA standards include ELTRES, ZETA, SIGFOX, LoRaWAN, and NB-IoT.
  • the LPWA standard is not limited to these, and other LPWA standards may also be used.
  • Each wireless communication device in FIG. 7 may be considered as a device in a logical sense. That is, a part of each wireless communication device may be realized by a virtual machine (VM), a container, a docker, or the like, and they may be implemented on the same physical hardware.
  • VM virtual machine
  • container a container
  • docker a docker
  • the concept of a wireless communication device includes not only portable mobile devices (terminal devices) such as mobile terminals, but also devices installed in structures or mobile objects.
  • the structures or mobile objects themselves may be considered wireless communication devices.
  • the concept of a wireless communication device also includes not only terminal devices 40, but also base stations 20 and relay stations 30.
  • a wireless communication device is a type of processing device or information processing device.
  • a wireless communication device can also be referred to as a transmitting device or a receiving device.
  • resources represent, for example, Frequency, Time, Resource Element (including REG, CCE, and CORESET), Resource Block, Bandwidth Part, Component Carrier, Symbol, Sub-Symbol, Slot, Mini-Slot, Subslot, Subframe, Frame, PRACH occasion, Occasion, Code, Multi-access physical resource, Multi-access signature, Subcarrier Spacing (Numerology), etc.
  • each wireless communication device that constitutes communication system 1 will be specifically described. Note that the configuration of each wireless communication device shown below is merely an example. The configuration of each wireless communication device may be different from the configuration shown below.
  • the management device 10 is an information processing device (computer) that manages a wireless network.
  • the management device 10 is an information processing device that manages communication of a base station 20.
  • the management device 10 may be, for example, a device having a function as an MME (Mobility Management Entity).
  • the management device 10 may be a device having a function as an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) and/or an SMF (Session Management Function).
  • the MME, AMF, and SMF are control plane network function nodes in a core network.
  • the management device 10 may be a device having a function as a control plane network function (6G CPNF) in 6G.
  • the 6G CPNF may be composed of one or more logical nodes.
  • the functions of the management device 10 are not limited to MME, AMF, SMF, and 6G CPNF.
  • the management device 10 may be a device having functions as NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function), AUSF (Authentication Server Function), PCF (Policy Control Function), and UDM (Unified Data Management).
  • NSSF Network Slice Selection Function
  • AUSF Authentication Server Function
  • PCF Policy Control Function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • the management device 10 may also be a device having functions as HSS (Home Subscriber Server).
  • the management device 10 may also have a gateway function.
  • the management device 10 may have a function as an S-GW (Serving Gateway) or a P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway).
  • the management device 10 may also have a UPF (User Plane Function) function. In this case, the management device 10 may have multiple UPFs.
  • the management device 10 may also be a device that has a function as a User Plane Network Function (6G UPNF) in 6G.
  • 6G UPNF User Plane Network Function
  • the core network is composed of multiple network functions, and each network function may be consolidated into one physical device or distributed across multiple physical devices.
  • the management device 10 may be distributed across multiple devices. Furthermore, this distributed arrangement may be controlled so that it is executed dynamically.
  • the base station 20 and the management device 10 form a single network, and provide wireless communication services to the terminal device 40.
  • the management device 10 is connected to the Internet, and the terminal device 40 can use various services provided via the Internet via the base station 20.
  • the management device 10 does not necessarily have to be a device that constitutes a core network.
  • the core network may be a W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) or cdma2000 (Code Division Multiple Access 2000) core network.
  • the management device 10 may be a device that functions as an RNC (Radio Network Controller).
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management device 10 according to this embodiment.
  • the management device 10 includes a communication unit 11, a storage unit 12, and a control unit 13.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 8 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different.
  • the functions of the management device 10 may be statically or dynamically distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated components.
  • the management device 10 may be composed of multiple server devices.
  • the communication unit 11 is a communication interface for communicating with a wireless communication device (e.g., the base station 20 or the relay station 30).
  • the communication unit 11 may be a network interface or a device connection interface.
  • the communication unit 11 may be a LAN (Local Area Network) interface such as a NIC (Network Interface Card), or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface configured by a USB host controller or a USB port.
  • the communication unit 11 may be a wired interface or a wireless interface.
  • the communication unit 11 functions as a communication means for the management device 10.
  • the communication unit 11 is controlled by the control unit 13.
  • the memory unit 12 is a readable and writable storage device such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a flash memory, or a hard disk.
  • the memory unit 12 functions as a storage means of the management device 10.
  • the memory unit 12 stores, for example, the connection state of the terminal device 40.
  • the memory unit 12 stores the state of the RRC (Radio Resource Control) of the terminal device 40 and the state of the ECM (EPS Connection Management), or the 5G System CM (Connection Management).
  • the memory unit 12 may function as a home memory that stores the location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the control unit 13 is a controller that controls each part of the management device 10.
  • the control unit 13 may be realized by a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or an MPU (Micro Processing Unit).
  • the control unit 13 may be realized by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the management device 10 using a RAM (Random Access Memory) or the like as a working area.
  • the control unit 13 may be realized by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
  • the control unit 13 may also be realized by a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit).
  • the CPU, MPU, ASIC, FPGA, and GPU can all be considered as controllers.
  • the control unit 13 may be composed of multiple physically separated objects.
  • the control unit 13 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.
  • the base station 20 is a wireless communication device that performs wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., a relay station 30, a terminal device 40, or another base station 20).
  • the base station 20 may perform wireless communication with the terminal device 40 via the relay station 30, or may perform wireless communication directly with the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 is a device equivalent to a wireless base station (Base Station, Node B, eNB, gNB, 6GNB, etc.) or a wireless access point (Access Point).
  • the base station 20 may be a wireless relay station.
  • the base station 20 may be an optical extension device called an RRH (Remote Radio Head).
  • the base station 20 may be a receiving station such as an FPU (Field Pickup Unit).
  • the base station 20 may be an IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) donor node or an IAB relay node that provides wireless access lines and wireless backhaul lines by time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, or space division multiplexing.
  • IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul
  • the wireless access technology used by the base station 20 may be cellular communication technology.
  • the wireless access technology used by the base station 20 may be wireless LAN technology.
  • the wireless access technology used by the base station 20 may be LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) communication technology.
  • the wireless access technology used by the base station 20 is not limited to these, and may be other wireless access technologies.
  • the wireless communication used by the base station 20 may be wireless communication using millimeter waves, or wireless communication using terahertz waves.
  • the wireless communication used by the base station 20 may be wireless communication using radio waves, or wireless communication using infrared or visible light (optical wireless).
  • the base station 20 may be capable of NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) communication with the terminal device 40.
  • NOMA communication refers to communication (transmission, reception, or both) using non-orthogonal resources.
  • the base station 20 may be capable of NOMA communication with other base stations 20.
  • the base stations 20 may be able to communicate with each other via a base station-core network interface (e.g., NG Interface, S1 Interface, etc.). This interface may be either wired or wireless.
  • the base stations may be able to communicate with each other via a base station-to-base station interface (e.g., Xn Interface, X2 Interface, F1 Interface, etc.). This interface may be either wired or wireless.
  • base station also called “base station equipment”
  • relay base stations also called “relay stations”
  • a relay base station may be any one of the following: RF Repeater, Smart Repeater, or Intelligent Surface.
  • the concept of a base station includes not only a structure with base station functions, but also equipment installed in the structure.
  • Structures include, for example, skyscrapers, houses, steel towers, station facilities, airport facilities, port facilities, office buildings, school buildings, hospitals, factories, commercial facilities, stadiums, and other buildings.
  • the concept of a structure includes not only buildings, but also non-building structures such as tunnels, bridges, dams, fences, and steel pillars, as well as equipment such as cranes, gates, and windmills.
  • the concept of a structure includes not only land (ground in the narrow sense) or underground structures, but also structures on water such as piers or megafloats, and underwater structures such as marine observation facilities.
  • a base station can also be referred to as an information processing device.
  • the base station 20 may be a donor station or a relay station (relay station).
  • the base station 20 may be a fixed station or a mobile station.
  • a mobile station is a wireless communication device (e.g., a base station) that is configured to be mobile.
  • the base station 20 may be a device installed on a mobile body, or may be the mobile body itself.
  • a relay station with mobility can be considered as the base station 20 as a mobile station.
  • UAVs Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
  • the moving body may be a mobile terminal such as a smartphone or a mobile phone.
  • the moving body may be a moving body that moves on land (ground in the narrow sense) (e.g., a vehicle such as an automobile, bicycle, bus, truck, motorcycle, train, or linear motor car), or a moving body that moves underground (e.g., inside a tunnel) (e.g., a subway).
  • the moving body may also be a moving body that moves on water (e.g., a ship such as a passenger ship, cargo ship, or hovercraft), or a moving body that moves underwater (e.g., a submarine such as a submarine, submarine, or unmanned submersible).
  • the moving body may also be a moving body that moves within the atmosphere (e.g., an aircraft such as an airplane, airship, or drone).
  • the base station 20 may be a terrestrial base station (ground station) installed on the ground.
  • the base station 20 may be a base station located on a structure on the ground, or a base station installed on a mobile object moving on the ground.
  • the base station 20 may be an antenna installed on a structure such as a building and a signal processing device connected to that antenna.
  • the base station 20 may be the structure or the mobile object itself. "Ground” refers not only to land (ground in the narrow sense) but also to ground, on water, and underwater in a broad sense.
  • the base station 20 is not limited to a terrestrial base station. If the communication system 1 is a satellite communication system, the base station 20 may be an aircraft station. From the perspective of the satellite station, an aircraft station located on the earth is a ground station.
  • the base station 20 is not limited to a ground station.
  • the base station 20 may be a non-terrestrial base station device (non-terrestrial station) that can float in the air or space.
  • the base station 20 may be an aircraft station or a satellite station.
  • the satellite station is a satellite station capable of floating outside the atmosphere.
  • the satellite station may be a device mounted on a space vehicle such as an artificial satellite, or may be the space vehicle itself.
  • the space vehicle is a vehicle that moves outside the atmosphere. Examples of space vehicles include artificial celestial bodies such as artificial satellites, spacecraft, space stations, and probes.
  • a satellite that becomes a satellite station may be any of a low earth orbit (LEO: Low Earth Orbiting) satellite, a medium earth orbit (MEO: Medium Earth Orbiting) satellite, a geostationary (GEO: Geostationary Earth Orbiting) satellite, or a highly elliptical orbit (HEO: Highly Elliptical Orbiting) satellite.
  • the satellite station may be a device mounted on a low earth orbit satellite, a medium earth orbit satellite, a geostationary satellite, or a highly elliptical orbit satellite.
  • An aircraft station is a wireless communication device capable of floating in the atmosphere of an aircraft or the like.
  • An aircraft station may be a device mounted on an aircraft or the like, or it may be the aircraft itself.
  • the concept of an aircraft includes not only heavier than air vehicles such as airplanes or gliders, but also lighter than air vehicles such as balloons or airships.
  • the concept of an aircraft includes not only heavier than air vehicles or lighter than air vehicles, but also rotorcraft such as helicopters or autogyros.
  • An aircraft station, or an aircraft equipped with an aircraft station may be an unmanned aerial vehicle such as a drone.
  • unmanned aerial vehicles also includes unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and tethered unmanned aerial systems (UAS).
  • UAS unmanned aerial systems
  • UAS tethered unmanned aerial systems
  • LTA lighter than air UAS
  • HTA heavy unmanned aerial systems
  • HAPs high altitude UAS platforms
  • the size of the coverage of the base station 20 may be relatively large, such as a macrocell, or relatively small, such as a picocell.
  • the size of the coverage of the base station 20 may be extremely small, such as a femtocell.
  • the base station 20 may have a beamforming function. In this case, the base station 20 may form a cell or service area for each beam.
  • the base station 20 may also have a point forming function. Point forming is a technology (power concentration technology) that uses a phase difference in the near field to concentrate power at a specific point. In this case, the base station 20 may form a cell or service area for each point.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the configuration of a base station 20 according to this embodiment.
  • the base station 20 includes a wireless communication unit 21, a storage unit 22, and a control unit 23.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 9 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different.
  • the functions of the base station 20 may be distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated components.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 is a signal processing unit for wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., relay station 30, terminal device 40, or other base station 20).
  • the wireless communication unit 21 is controlled by the control unit 23.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 supports one or more wireless access methods.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may support at least one of NR, LTE, and 6G. In addition to NR, LTE, and 6G, the wireless communication unit 21 may support W-CDMA, cdma2000, etc.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may support automatic retransmission technology such as HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request).
  • HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
  • the wireless communication unit 21 includes a transmission processing unit 211, a reception processing unit 212, and an antenna 213.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may include a plurality of transmission processing units 211, reception processing units 212, and antennas 213.
  • each unit of the wireless communication unit 21 may be configured separately for each wireless access method.
  • the transmission processing unit 211 and the reception processing unit 212 may be configured separately for LTE, NR, and 6G.
  • the antenna 213 may be configured with a plurality of antenna elements, for example, a plurality of patch antennas.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may have a beamforming function.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may have a polarized beamforming function using vertical polarization (V polarization) and horizontal polarization (H polarization) (or a polarized beamforming function using dual polarization in polarization directions of 45 degrees and -45 degrees from the vertical direction).
  • V polarization vertical polarization
  • H polarization horizontal polarization
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may also have a point forming function.
  • the transmission processing unit 211 performs transmission processing of the downlink control information and the downlink data.
  • the transmission processing unit 211 performs encoding of the downlink control information and the downlink data input from the control unit 23 using an encoding method such as block encoding, convolutional encoding, turbo encoding, or the like.
  • the encoding may be performed using a polar code or a low density parity check code (LDPC code).
  • the transmission processing unit 211 modulates the encoded bits using a predetermined modulation method such as BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, or the like. In this case, the signal points on the constellation do not necessarily have to be equidistant.
  • the constellation may be a non-uniform constellation (NUC: Non Uniform Constellation).
  • NUC Non Uniform Constellation
  • the transmission processing unit 211 multiplexes the modulation symbols of each channel and the downlink reference signal, and places them in a predetermined resource element. Then, the transmission processing unit 211 performs various signal processing on the multiplexed signal. For example, the transmission processing unit 211 performs processes such as conversion to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform, addition of a guard interval (cyclic prefix), generation of a baseband digital signal, conversion to an analog signal, quadrature modulation, up-conversion, removal of unnecessary frequency components, and power amplification.
  • the signal generated by the transmission processing unit 211 is transmitted from an antenna 213.
  • the reception processing unit 212 processes the uplink signal received via the antenna 213. For example, the reception processing unit 212 performs down-conversion, removal of unnecessary frequency components, control of amplification level, orthogonal demodulation, conversion to a digital signal, removal of guard intervals (cyclic prefixes), extraction of frequency domain signals by fast Fourier transform, etc., on the uplink signal. Then, the reception processing unit 212 separates uplink channels such as PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and uplink reference signals from the signal that has been subjected to these processes.
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • the reception processing unit 212 demodulates the received signal using a modulation method such as BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) and QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) for the modulation symbols of the uplink channel.
  • the modulation method used for demodulation may be 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64QAM, or 256QAM.
  • the signal points on the constellation do not necessarily have to be equidistant.
  • the constellation may be a non-uniform constellation (NUC).
  • the reception processing unit 212 performs a decoding process on the coded bits of the demodulated uplink channel.
  • the decoded uplink data and uplink control information are output to the control unit 23.
  • the antenna 213 is an antenna device that converts electric current and radio waves into each other.
  • the antenna 213 may be configured with one antenna element, for example, one patch antenna.
  • the antenna 213 may be configured with multiple antenna elements, for example, multiple patch antennas.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may have a beam forming function. In this case, the wireless communication unit 21 may be configured to generate a directional beam by controlling the directivity of the wireless signal using the multiple antenna elements.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may have a point forming function. In this case, the wireless communication unit 21 may be configured to form a point-like cell by cooperatively controlling the multiple antenna elements.
  • the antenna 213 may be a dual polarized antenna.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may use vertical polarization (V polarization) and horizontal polarization (H polarization) (or dual polarization with polarization directions of 45 degrees and -45 degrees from the vertical direction) when transmitting a wireless signal.
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may control the directivity of the wireless signal transmitted using vertical polarization and horizontal polarization (or dual polarization with polarization directions of 45 degrees and -45 degrees from the vertical direction).
  • the wireless communication unit 21 may also transmit and receive spatially multiplexed signals via multiple layers composed of multiple antenna elements.
  • the memory unit 22 is a readable and writable storage device such as a DRAM, an SRAM, a flash memory, or a hard disk.
  • the memory unit 22 functions as a storage means for the base station 20.
  • the control unit 23 is a controller that controls each unit of the base station 20.
  • the control unit 23 controls the wireless communication unit so as to perform wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the relay station 30, the terminal device 40, or another base station 20).
  • the control unit 23 may be realized by a processor such as a CPU or an MPU. Specifically, the control unit 23 may be realized by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the base station 20 using a RAM or the like as a working area.
  • the control unit 23 may be realized by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC or an FPGA.
  • the control unit 23 may also be realized by a GPU.
  • the CPU, MPU, ASIC, FPGA, and GPU can all be considered as controllers.
  • the control unit 23 may be composed of multiple physically separated objects. For example, the control unit 23 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.
  • the control unit 23 includes an acquisition unit 231, a formation unit 232, a tracking unit 233, a fallback unit 234, and a scheduling unit 235.
  • Each block constituting the control unit 23 is a functional block indicating a function of the control unit 23.
  • These functional blocks may be software blocks or hardware blocks.
  • each of the above-mentioned functional blocks may be a software module realized by software (including a microprogram), or may be a circuit block on a semiconductor chip (die).
  • each functional block may be a processor or an integrated circuit.
  • the control unit 23 may be configured in functional units different from the above-mentioned functional blocks. The method of configuring the functional blocks is arbitrary.
  • the base station 20 may be configured as a collection of multiple physical or logical devices.
  • the base station 20 of this embodiment may be divided into multiple devices such as a BBU (Baseband Unit) and an RU (Radio Unit).
  • the base station 20 may be interpreted as a collection of these multiple devices.
  • the base station may be either a BBU or an RU, or both.
  • the BBU and the RU may be connected by a specified interface, such as eCPRI (enhanced Common Public Radio Interface).
  • the RU may be referred to as an RRU (Remote Radio Unit) or an RD (Radio DoT).
  • the RU may correspond to a gNB-DU (gNB Distributed Unit) described later.
  • the BBU may correspond to a gNB-CU (gNB Central Unit) described later.
  • the RU may be a device formed integrally with an antenna.
  • the antenna of the base station 20, for example an antenna formed integrally with the RU may employ an Advanced Antenna System and support, for example, MIMO such as FD-MIMO or beamforming.
  • the antenna of the base station 20 may also support point forming.
  • the antenna of the base station 20 may have, for example, 64 transmitting antenna ports and 64 receiving antenna ports.
  • the antenna mounted on the RU may be an antenna panel composed of one or more antenna elements, and the RU may be equipped with one or more antenna panels.
  • the RU may be equipped with two types of antenna panels, a horizontally polarized antenna panel and a vertically polarized antenna panel.
  • the RU may be equipped with two types of antenna panels, a right-hand circularly polarized antenna panel and a left-hand circularly polarized antenna panel, or an antenna panel with a polarization direction of 45 degrees from the vertical direction and an antenna panel with a polarization direction of -45 degrees.
  • Multiple antennas with these multiple polarization directions may be mounted on a single antenna panel.
  • the RU may form and control an independent beam for each antenna panel.
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • the base station 20 may be simply referred to as a RAN, a RAN node, an AN (Access Network), or an AN node.
  • the RAN in LTE may be called EUTRAN (Enhanced Universal Terrestrial RAN).
  • the RAN in NR may be called NGRAN.
  • the RAN in 6G may be called 6GRAN.
  • the RAN in W-CDMA (UMTS) may be called UTRAN.
  • the LTE base station 20 may be referred to as an eNodeB (Evolved Node B) or eNB.
  • the EUTRAN includes one or more eNodeBs (eNBs).
  • the NR base station 20 may be referred to as a gNodeB or gNB.
  • the NGRAN includes one or more gNBs.
  • the 6G base station may be referred to as a 6GNodeB, 6gNodeB, 6GNB, or 6gNB.
  • the 6GRAN includes one or more 6GNBs.
  • the EUTRAN may include a gNB (en-gNB) connected to a core network (EPC) in the LTE communication system (EPS).
  • the NGRAN may include an ng-eNB connected to a core network 5GC in the 5G communication system (5GS).
  • the base station 20 When the base station 20 is an eNB, gNB, 6GNB, etc., the base station 20 may be referred to as a 3GPP access. When the base station 20 is a wireless access point, the base station 20 may be referred to as a non-3GPP access.
  • the base station 20 may be a radio extension device called an RRH (Remote Radio Head).
  • RRH Remote Radio Head
  • the base station 20 is a gNB
  • the base station 20 may be a combination of the gNB-CU and gNB-DU described above, or may be either a gNB-CU or a gNB-DU.
  • the gNB-CU hosts multiple upper layers (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control), SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol)) in the access stratum for communication with the UE.
  • the gNB-DU hosts multiple lower layers (e.g., RLC (Radio Link Control), MAC (Medium Access Control), PHY (Physical Access Control)) in the access stratum. That is, among the messages/information described below, RRC signaling (semi-static notification) may be generated by the gNB-CU, while MAC CE and DCI (dynamic notification) may be generated by the gNB-DU.
  • some configurations such as IE:cellGroupConfig may be generated by the gNB-DU, and the remaining configurations may be generated by the gNB-CU. These configurations may be transmitted and received over the F1 interface described below.
  • the base station 20 may be configured to be able to communicate with other base stations.
  • the base stations 20 may be connected to each other via an X2 interface.
  • the base stations 20 may be connected to each other via an Xn interface.
  • the base stations 20 may be connected to each other via the F1 interface described above.
  • Messages/information (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE (MAC Control Element), or DCI (Downlink Control Information), etc.) described later may be transmitted between the multiple base stations 20, for example, via an X2 interface, an Xn interface, or an F1 interface.
  • RRC signaling e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE (MAC Control Element), or DCI (Downlink Control Information), etc.
  • MAC CE MAC Control Element
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • the cell provided by the base station 20 may be called a serving cell.
  • the concept of a serving cell includes a PCell (Primary Cell) and a SCell (Secondary Cell).
  • the PCell and zero or more SCells provided by the MN may be called a master cell group.
  • dual connectivity include EUTRA-EUTRA Dual Connectivity, EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (ENDC), EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity with 5GC, NR-EUTRA Dual Connectivity (NEDC), and NR-NR Dual Connectivity.
  • Further examples of dual connectivity include NR-6G Dual Connectivity and 6G-NR Dual Connectivity.
  • the serving cell may include a PSCell (Primary Secondary Cell, or Primary SCG Cell).
  • PSCell Primary Secondary Cell, or Primary SCG Cell
  • the PSCell and zero or more SCells provided by the SN may be referred to as a SCG (Secondary Cell Group).
  • SCG Secondary Cell Group
  • PUCCH physical uplink control channel
  • Radio link failure is detected by the PCell and PSCell but not (does not need to be detected by) the SCell.
  • the PCell and PSCell are also called SpCells (Special Cells) because they play a special role among the serving cells.
  • One cell may be associated with one downlink component carrier and one uplink component carrier.
  • the system bandwidth corresponding to one cell may be divided into multiple BWPs (Bandwidth Parts).
  • BWPs Bandwidth Parts
  • one or multiple BWPs may be set in the terminal device 40, and one BWP may be used by the terminal device 40 as an active BWP.
  • Radio resources that the terminal device 40 can use such as frequency bands, numerology (subcarrier spacing), or slot formats, may differ for each cell, component carrier, or BWP.
  • the relay station 30 is a wireless communication device that serves as a repeater for the base station 20.
  • the relay station 30 is a type of base station.
  • the relay station 30 is a type of information processing device.
  • the relay station 30 can also be called a relay base station.
  • the relay station 30 may be a device called a repeater (e.g., RF Repeater, Smart Repeater, Intelligent Surface).
  • the relay station 30 is a wireless communication device that performs wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the base station 20, another relay station 30, or a terminal device 40).
  • the relay station 30 may be capable of NOMA communication with the terminal device 40.
  • the relay station 30 relays communication between the base station 20 and the terminal device 40.
  • the relay station 30 may be capable of wireless communication with other relay stations 30 and the base station 20.
  • the relay station 30 may be a terrestrial station device or a non-terrestrial station device.
  • the relay station 30, together with the base station 20, constitutes a radio access network RAN.
  • the relay station 30 may be a fixed device, a mobile device, or a floating device.
  • the size of the coverage of the relay station 30 is not limited to a specific size.
  • the cell covered by the relay station 30 may be a macrocell, a microcell, or a small cell.
  • the relay station 30 may be mounted on a terminal device such as a smartphone, or on a car, train, or rickshaw, or on a balloon, airplane, or drone, or on home appliances such as a television, game console, air conditioner, refrigerator, or lighting fixture.
  • a terminal device such as a smartphone, or on a car, train, or rickshaw, or on a balloon, airplane, or drone, or on home appliances such as a television, game console, air conditioner, refrigerator, or lighting fixture.
  • the configuration of the relay station 30 may be the same as that of the base station 20 described above.
  • the relay station 30 may be a device installed in a mobile body, like the base station 20 described above, or may be the mobile body itself.
  • the mobile body may be a mobile terminal such as a smartphone or a mobile phone.
  • the mobile body may be a mobile body that moves on land (ground in the narrow sense) or may be a mobile body that moves underground.
  • the mobile body may be a mobile body that moves on water or may be a mobile body that moves underwater.
  • the mobile body may be a mobile body that moves within the atmosphere or may be a mobile body that moves outside the atmosphere.
  • the relay station 30 may be a ground station device or a non-ground station device.
  • the relay station 30 may be an aircraft station, a satellite station, or the like.
  • the size of coverage of the relay station 30 may be as large as a macrocell or as small as a picocell, similar to the base station 20.
  • the size of coverage of the relay station 30 may be extremely small, such as a femtocell.
  • the relay station 30 may have a beamforming function. In this case, the relay station 30 may form a cell or service area for each beam.
  • the relay station 30 may also have a pointforming function. In this case, the relay station 30 may form a cell or service area for each point.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of a relay station 30 according to this embodiment.
  • the relay station 30 includes a wireless communication unit 31, a storage unit 32, and a control unit 33.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 10 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different.
  • the functions of the relay station 30 may be distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated components.
  • the wireless communication unit 31 is a signal processing unit for wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., base station 20, terminal device 40, or other relay station 30).
  • the wireless communication unit 31 supports one or more wireless access methods.
  • the wireless communication unit 31 may support at least one of NR, LTE, and 6G. In addition to NR, LTE, and 6G, the wireless communication unit 31 may also support W-CDMA, cdma3000, etc.
  • the wireless communication unit 31 includes a transmission processing unit 311, a reception processing unit 312, and an antenna 313.
  • the wireless communication unit 31 may include a plurality of transmission processing units 311, reception processing units 312, and antennas 313.
  • each unit of the wireless communication unit 31 may be configured separately for each wireless access method.
  • the transmission processing unit 311 and the reception processing unit 312 may be configured separately for LTE, NR, and 6G.
  • the configurations of the transmission processing unit 311, the reception processing unit 312, and the antenna 313 may be the same as the configurations of the transmission processing unit 211, the reception processing unit 212, and the antenna 213 of the base station 20 described above.
  • the wireless communication unit 31 may have a beam forming function, similar to the wireless communication unit 21 of the base station 20.
  • the wireless communication unit 31 may have a point forming function, similar to the wireless communication unit 21 of the base station 20.
  • the memory unit 32 is a readable and writable storage device such as a DRAM, an SRAM, a flash memory, or a hard disk.
  • the memory unit 32 functions as a storage means of the relay station 30.
  • the configuration and functions of the memory unit 32 may be similar to the configuration and functions of the memory unit 22 of the base station 20 described above.
  • the control unit 33 is a controller that controls each unit of the relay station 30.
  • the control unit 33 may be realized by a processor such as a CPU or MPU.
  • the control unit 33 may be realized by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the relay station 30 using a RAM or the like as a working area.
  • the control unit 33 may be realized by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC or FPGA.
  • the CPU, MPU, ASIC, and FPGA can all be considered as controllers.
  • the control unit 33 may also be realized by a GPU.
  • the CPU, MPU, ASIC, FPGA, and GPU can all be considered as controllers.
  • the control unit 33 may be composed of multiple physically separated objects.
  • the control unit 33 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.
  • the configuration and function of the control unit 33 may be similar to the configuration and function of the control unit 23 of the base station 20 described above.
  • the control unit 33 includes an acquisition unit 331, a formation unit 332, a tracking unit 333, a fallback unit 334, and a scheduling unit 335.
  • Each block constituting the control unit 33 is a functional block indicating a function of the control unit 33.
  • These functional blocks may be software blocks or hardware blocks.
  • each of the above-mentioned functional blocks may be a software module realized by software (including a microprogram), or may be a circuit block on a semiconductor chip (die).
  • each functional block may be a processor or an integrated circuit.
  • the control unit 33 may be configured in functional units different from the above-mentioned functional blocks. The method of configuring the functional blocks is arbitrary.
  • the relay station 30 may be an IAB relay node.
  • the relay station 30 operates as an IAB-MT (Mobile Termination) for the IAB donor node that provides the backhaul, and operates as an IAB-DU (Distributed Unit) for the terminal device 40 that provides access.
  • the IAB donor node may be, for example, a base station 20, and operates as an IAB-CU (Central Unit).
  • the terminal device 40 is a wireless communication device that performs wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (for example, the base station 20, the relay station 30, or other terminal devices 40, etc.). Any type of information processing device (computer) can be adopted for the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may be a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, a smart device (smartphone or tablet), a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), or a notebook PC.
  • the terminal device 40 may also be an imaging device (for example, a camcorder) equipped with a communication function.
  • the terminal device 40 may also be a motorcycle or a mobile relay vehicle equipped with a communication device such as an FPU (Field Pickup Unit).
  • the terminal device 40 may also be an M2M (Machine to Machine) device or an IoT (Internet of Things) device.
  • the terminal device 40 may also be a wearable device such as a smart watch.
  • the terminal device 40 may also be an xR device such as an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, or an MR (Mixed Reality) device.
  • the xR device may be a glasses-type device such as AR glasses or MR glasses, or a head-mounted device such as a VR head-mounted display.
  • the terminal device 40 may be a standalone device consisting only of a part worn by the user (e.g., a glasses part).
  • the terminal device 40 may also be a terminal-linked device consisting of a part worn by the user (e.g., a glasses part) and a terminal part linked to the part (e.g., a smart device).
  • the terminal device 40 may be capable of NOMA communication with the base station 20.
  • the terminal device 40 may be able to use an automatic repeat technique such as HARQ when communicating with the base station 20.
  • the terminal device 40 may be capable of sidelink communication with other terminal devices 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may be able to use an automatic repeat technique such as HARQ when performing sidelink communication.
  • the terminal device 40 may be capable of NOMA communication when performing sidelink communication with other terminal devices 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may be capable of LPWA communication with other wireless communication devices such as the base station 20.
  • the wireless communication used by the terminal device 40 may be wireless communication using millimeter waves.
  • the wireless communication used by the terminal device 40, including sidelink communication may be wireless communication using radio waves, or wireless communication using infrared rays or visible light, i.e., optical wireless.
  • the terminal device 40 may be a wireless communication device that can be moved, that is, a mobile device.
  • the terminal device 40 may be a wireless communication device installed in a mobile device, or may be the mobile device itself.
  • the terminal device 40 may be a vehicle that moves on a road, such as an automobile, a bus, a truck, or a motorcycle, or may be a wireless communication device mounted on the vehicle.
  • the mobile device may be a mobile terminal, or may be a mobile device that moves on land (ground in the narrow sense), underground, on water, or underwater.
  • the mobile device may also be a mobile device that moves within the atmosphere, such as an airplane, an airship, a balloon, or a helicopter, or may be a mobile device that moves outside the atmosphere, such as an artificial satellite.
  • the mobile device may be a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) such as a drone.
  • the terminal device 40 may also be a wireless communication device mounted on a mobile device.
  • the terminal device 40 may be capable of connecting to and communicating with multiple base stations 20 or multiple cells at the same time.
  • one base station 20 supports a communication area through multiple cells (e.g., pCell or sCell)
  • the multiple cells can be bundled together and communication can be performed between the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 using carrier aggregation (CA) technology, dual connectivity (DC) technology, multi-connectivity (MC) technology, or the like.
  • CA carrier aggregation
  • DC dual connectivity
  • MC multi-connectivity
  • communication can be performed between the terminal device 40 and the multiple base stations 20 through the cells of different base stations 20 using coordinated multi-point transmission and reception (CoMP) technology.
  • CoMP coordinated multi-point transmission and reception
  • the terminal device 40 may be a relay terminal that relays communication to a remote terminal.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of a terminal device 40 according to this embodiment.
  • the terminal device 40 includes a wireless communication unit 41, a storage unit 42, and a control unit 33.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 11 is a functional configuration, and the hardware configuration may be different.
  • the functions of the terminal device 40 may be distributed and implemented in multiple physically separated components.
  • the wireless communication unit 41 is a signal processing unit for wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the base station 20, the relay station 30, or other terminal devices 40).
  • the wireless communication unit 41 is controlled by the control unit 43.
  • the wireless communication unit 41 supports one or more wireless access methods.
  • the wireless communication unit 41 may support at least one of NR, LTE, and 6G. In addition to NR, LTE, and 6G, the wireless communication unit 41 may support W-CDMA, cdma2000, etc.
  • the wireless communication unit 41 may support automatic retransmission technology such as HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request).
  • HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
  • the wireless communication unit 41 includes a transmission processing unit 411, a reception processing unit 412, and an antenna 413.
  • the wireless communication unit 41 may include a plurality of transmission processing units 411, reception processing units 412, and antennas 413.
  • each unit of the wireless communication unit 41 may be configured separately for each wireless access method.
  • the transmission processing unit 411 and the reception processing unit 412 may be configured separately for LTE, NR, and 6G.
  • the antenna 413 may be configured with a plurality of antenna elements, for example, a plurality of patch antennas.
  • the wireless communication unit 41 may have a beamforming function.
  • the wireless communication unit 41 may have a polarized beamforming function using vertical polarization (V polarization) and horizontal polarization (H polarization) (or a polarized beamforming function using dual polarization in polarization directions of 45 degrees and -45 degrees from the vertical direction).
  • V polarization vertical polarization
  • H polarization horizontal polarization
  • the wireless communication unit 41 may also have a point forming function.
  • the memory unit 42 is a readable and writable storage device such as a DRAM, an SRAM, a flash memory, or a hard disk.
  • the memory unit 42 functions as a storage means for the terminal device 40.
  • the control unit 43 is a controller that controls each unit of the terminal device 40.
  • the control unit 43 controls the wireless communication unit so as to perform wireless communication with other wireless communication devices (e.g., the base station 20, the relay station 30, or other terminal devices 40).
  • the control unit 43 may be realized by a processor such as a CPU or an MPU.
  • the control unit 43 may be realized by a processor executing various programs stored in a storage device inside the terminal device 40 using a RAM or the like as a working area.
  • the control unit 43 may be realized by an integrated circuit such as an ASIC or an FPGA.
  • the CPU, the MPU, the ASIC, and the FPGA can all be considered as controllers.
  • the control unit 43 may be realized by a GPU.
  • the CPU, the MPU, the ASIC, the FPGA, and the GPU can all be considered as controllers.
  • the control unit 43 may be composed of multiple physically separated objects. For example, the control unit 43 may be composed of multiple semiconductor chips.
  • the control unit 43 includes an acquisition unit 431, a transmission unit 432, and a communication control unit 433.
  • Each block constituting the control unit 43 is a functional block indicating a function of the control unit 43.
  • These functional blocks may be software blocks or hardware blocks.
  • each of the above-mentioned functional blocks may be a software module realized by software (including a microprogram), or may be a circuit block on a semiconductor chip (die).
  • each functional block may be a processor or an integrated circuit.
  • the control unit 43 may be configured in functional units different from the above-mentioned functional blocks. The method of configuring the functional blocks is arbitrary.
  • the base station 20 can be read as a gateway.
  • the base station 20 can also be read as a relay station 30.
  • the initial connection process is a process for transitioning the wireless connection state of the terminal device 40 from an unconnected state (unconnected state) to a connected state (connected state).
  • the unconnected state is, for example, RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
  • RRC_IDLE is an idle state in which the terminal device is not connected to any cell, and is also called the idle mode.
  • RRC_INACTIVE is a wireless connection state indicating an inactive state newly defined in NR, and is also called the inactive mode. In RRC_INACTIVE, the RRC connection itself is not established between the terminal device 40 and the base station, but the terminal device 40 and the base station may keep some UE contexts held by each other.
  • the terminal device 40 and the base station may use the UE contexts held to speed up the transition of the terminal device 40 to the connected state again.
  • the unconnected state may include the Lightning mode.
  • the connected state is, for example, RRC_CONNECTED.
  • RRC_CONNECTED is a connection state in which the terminal device has established a connection with a specific cell (e.g., the Primary Cell), and is also called the CONNECTED mode.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of the initial connection process.
  • the initial connection process will be described below with reference to FIG. 12.
  • the initial connection process shown below is executed, for example, when the terminal device 40 is powered on.
  • the terminal device 40 in an unconnected state performs a cell selection procedure (cell search).
  • the cell selection procedure (cell search) is a procedure for the UE (User Equipment) to detect the PCI (Physical Cell ID) of a cell and obtain time and frequency synchronization.
  • the cell search in this embodiment includes the steps of detecting a synchronization signal and decoding the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel).
  • the terminal device 40 detects the cell synchronization signal (step S11).
  • the terminal device 40 synchronizes with the cell on the downlink based on the detected synchronization signal. After downlink synchronization is established, the terminal device 40 attempts to decode the PBCH and acquires the MIB (Master Information Block), which is part of the system information (step S12).
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • the system information is information that reports the settings in the cell that transmits the system information.
  • the system information may be information common to all terminal devices (including terminal device 40) that belong to the cell.
  • the system information may be information specific to the cell.
  • the system information includes, for example, information on access to the cell, information on cell selection, information on other RATs and other systems, etc.
  • the system information includes the MIB and SIB (System Information Block).
  • the MIB is information necessary to receive the SIB, etc., and is information on a fixed payload size that is reported by the PBCH.
  • the MIB includes a part of the system frame number, at least SIB1 and Msg.
  • the SIB is system information other than the MIB, and is reported by the PDSCH.
  • the system information can be classified into first system information, second system information, and third system information.
  • the first system information and second system information include information on access to the cell, information on obtaining other system information, and information on cell selection.
  • the information included in the MIB is the first system information.
  • the information included in SIB1 of the SIBs is the second system information (e.g., Remaining Minimum SI).
  • the remaining system information is the third system information (e.g., Other SI).
  • system information is broadcast from an NR cell.
  • the physical channel carrying the system information may be transmitted in a slot or a minislot.
  • a minislot is defined as a number of symbols less than the number of symbols in a slot.
  • the terminal device 40 acquires the second system information based on the MIB (i.e., the first system information) (step S13).
  • the second system information is composed of SIB1 and SIB2.
  • SIB1 is cell access restriction information and scheduling information of system information other than SIB1.
  • SIB1 includes information on cell selection (e.g., cellSelectionInfo), information related to cell access (e.g., cellAccessRelatedInfo), information on connection establishment failure control (e.g., connEstFailureControl), scheduling information of system information other than SIB1 (e.g., si-SchedulingInfo), serving cell settings, etc.
  • the serving cell settings include cell-specific parameters, such as downlink settings, uplink settings, and TDD setting information.
  • the uplink settings include RACH settings, etc.
  • SIB1 includes cell access information, cell selection information, maximum uplink transmission power information, TDD setting information, system information period, system information mapping information, SI (System Information) window length, etc.
  • SIB2 includes cell reselection information (e.g., cellReselectionInfoCommon) and cell reselection serving frequency information (e.g., cellReselectionServingFreqInfo).
  • SIB2 includes connection prohibition information, cell-common radio resource setting information (radioResourceConfigCommon), uplink carrier information, etc.
  • the cell-common radio resource setting information includes setting information for the cell-common PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) and RACH (Random Access Channel).
  • the terminal device 40 determines that access to the cell is prohibited. For example, if the terminal device 40 is unable to acquire the first system information, the terminal device 40 determines that access to the cell is prohibited. In this case, the terminal device 40 ends the initial connection process.
  • the terminal device 40 executes a random access procedure based on the first system information and/or the second system information (steps S14 to S17).
  • the random access procedure is sometimes called a Random Access Channel Procedure (RACH procedure) or an RA procedure.
  • the random access procedure includes the steps of transmitting a random access preamble (step S14), receiving a random access response (step S15), transmitting Message 3 (step S16), and receiving contention resolution (step S17).
  • the terminal device 40 selects a predetermined PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) preamble and transmits it to the base station 20 (step S14).
  • the terminal device 40 receives a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) including a random access response corresponding to the PRACH preamble (step S15).
  • the terminal device 40 transmits a PUSCH including a message 3 using resources scheduled by the random access response grant included in the random access response (step S16).
  • the terminal device 40 receives a PDSCH including a collision resolution corresponding to the PUSCH (step S17).
  • Message 3 includes an RRC (Radio Resource Control) message for an RRC connection request.
  • Collision resolution includes an RRC message for RRC connection setup.
  • the terminal device 40 receives the RRC message for RRC connection setup, it performs an RRC connection operation and transitions from the RRC idle state to the RRC connected state. After transitioning to the RRC connected state, the terminal device 40 transmits an RRC message for RRC connection setup completion to the base station 20. Through this series of operations, the terminal device 40 can connect to the base station 20.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the random access preamble is sometimes called message 1
  • the random access response is called message 2
  • collision resolution is called message 4
  • the RRC connection setup completion message is called message 5.
  • the terminal device 40 can transition to a state in which it is connected to the cell (connected state).
  • the random access procedure in FIG. 12 is sometimes referred to as a four-step random access procedure (four-step RACH procedure).
  • a random access procedure in which the terminal device 40 transmits a message 3 in addition to transmitting the random access preamble, and the base station 20 transmits a random access response and contention resolution in response to these is sometimes referred to as a two-step random access procedure (two-step RACH procedure).
  • the random access procedure is executed for purposes such as "RRC connection setup” from an idle state to a connected state (or an inactive state), and “state transition request” from an inactive state to a connected state.
  • the random access procedure is also used for the purposes of "scheduling request” to request resources for uplink data transmission, and “timing advance adjustment” to adjust uplink synchronization.
  • the random access procedure is executed in cases such as “on-demand SI request” to request system information that has not been transmitted, “beam recovery” to restore an interrupted beam connection, and “handover” to switch connected cells.
  • RRC connection setup is an operation executed when the terminal device 40 connects to the base station 20 in response to traffic generation, etc. Specifically, it is an operation in which the base station 20 passes connection-related information (e.g., UE context) to the terminal device 40.
  • the UE context is managed by predetermined communication device identification information (e.g., C-RNTI) instructed by the base station 20.
  • C-RNTI predetermined communication device identification information
  • State transition request is an operation in which the terminal device 40 requests a state transition from an inactive state to a connected state in response to traffic generation, etc. By transitioning to the connected state, the terminal device 40 can transmit and receive unicast data with the base station 20.
  • a “scheduling request” is an operation in which the terminal device 40 requests resources for uplink data transmission in response to traffic generation, etc. After successfully receiving this scheduling request, the base station 20 assigns PUSCH resources to the communication device. Note that scheduling requests are also made via the PUCCH.
  • Timing advance adjustment is an operation for adjusting the error between downlink and uplink frames caused by propagation delay.
  • the terminal device 40 transmits a PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) at the timing adjusted to the downlink frame. This allows the base station 20 to recognize the propagation delay with the terminal device 40, and to instruct the terminal device 40 on the timing advance value using a message 2 or the like.
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • An "on-demand SI request” is an operation that requests the base station 20 to transmit system information when the terminal device 40 requires system information that has not been transmitted for purposes such as system information overhead.
  • Beam recovery is an operation that requests recovery when communication quality deteriorates after a beam is established due to the movement of the terminal device 40 or the interruption of the communication path by another object.
  • the base station 20 receives this request, it attempts to connect to the terminal device 40 using a different beam.
  • Handover is an operation to switch the connection from the connected cell (serving cell) to the adjacent cell (neighbor cell) due to a change in the radio wave environment, such as the movement of the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 receives a handover command from the base station 20, it makes a connection request to the neighbor cell specified by the handover command.
  • contention-based random access procedures There are two types of random access procedures: contention-based random access procedures and non-contention-based random access procedures.
  • the random access procedure described below is a random access procedure that assumes that the RAT supported by communication system 1 is LTE. However, the random access procedure described below can also be applied when the RAT supported by communication system 1 is a RAT other than LTE.
  • the collision-based random access procedure is a random access procedure initiated by the terminal device 40.
  • Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the collision-based random access procedure. As shown in Fig. 13, the collision-based random access procedure is a four-step procedure starting with the transmission of a random access preamble from the terminal device 40.
  • the collision-based random access procedure includes the steps of transmitting a random access preamble (Message 1), receiving a random access response (Message 2), transmitting a message (Message 3), and receiving a contention resolution message (Message 4).
  • the terminal device 40 randomly selects a preamble sequence to be used from a number of predefined preamble sequences. Then, the terminal device 40 transmits a message (Message 1: Random Access Preamble) including the selected preamble sequence to the connected base station 20 (step S21). The random access preamble is transmitted via the PRACH.
  • Message 1 Random Access Preamble
  • the base station 20 When the base station 20 receives the random access preamble, it transmits a random access response (Message 2: Random Access Response) to the terminal device 40.
  • This random access response is transmitted, for example, using the PDSCH.
  • the terminal device 40 receives the random access response (Message 2) transmitted from the base station 20 (step S22).
  • the random access response includes one or more random access preambles that the base station 20 was able to receive, and UL (Up Link) resources (hereinafter referred to as uplink grants) corresponding to the random access preambles.
  • the random access response also includes a TC-RNTI (Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier), which is an identifier unique to the terminal device 40 that is temporarily assigned to the terminal device 40 by the base station 20.
  • TC-RNTI Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • the terminal device 40 When the terminal device 40 receives a random access response from the base station 20, it determines whether or not the received information includes the random access preamble transmitted in step S21. If the random access preamble is included, the terminal device 40 extracts an uplink grant corresponding to the random access preamble transmitted in step S21 from the uplink grants included in the random access response. Then, the terminal device 40 transmits a UL message (Message 3: Scheduled Transmission) using resources scheduled by the extracted uplink grant (step S23). The message (Message 3) is transmitted using the PUSCH. The message (Message 3) includes an RRC message for an RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection request. The message (Message 3) also includes an identifier of the terminal device 40. The message (Message 3) may be written as "Msg3".
  • a random access preamble randomly selected by the terminal device 40 is used in the procedure. Therefore, it may happen that, at the same time that the terminal device 40 transmits a random access preamble, another terminal device 40 transmits the same random access preamble to the base station 20. Therefore, by receiving the identifier transmitted by the terminal device 40 in step S23, the base station 20 recognizes which terminal device has generated a preamble conflict and resolves the conflict.
  • the base station 20 transmits a contention resolution (Message 4: Contention Resolution) to the terminal device 40 selected by the contention resolution.
  • the contention resolution (Message 4) includes the identifier transmitted by the terminal device 40 in step S23.
  • the contention resolution (Message 4) also includes an RRC message for RRC connection setup.
  • the terminal device 40 receives the contention resolution message (Message 4) transmitted from the base station 20 (step S24).
  • the terminal device 40 compares the identifier transmitted in step S23 with the identifier received in step S24. If the identifiers do not match, the terminal device 40 repeats the random access procedure from step S21. If the identifiers match, the terminal device 40 performs an RRC connection operation and transitions from an idle state (RRC_IDLE) to a connected state (RRC_CONNECTED). The terminal device 40 uses the TC-RNTI acquired in step S22 as a C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier) in subsequent communications. After transitioning to the connected state, the terminal device 40 transmits an RRC message of RRC connection setup completion to the base station 20. The RRC connection setup completion message is also referred to as message 5. Through this series of operations, the terminal device 40 connects to the base station 20.
  • RRC connection setup completion message is also referred to as message 5.
  • the collision-based random access procedure shown in FIG. 13 is a four-step random access procedure (4-step RACH).
  • the communication system 1 can also support a two-step random access procedure (2-step RACH) as a collision-based random access procedure.
  • the terminal device 40 transmits the random access preamble as well as the message (Message 3) shown in step S23. Then, the base station 20 transmits a random access response (Message 2) and a contention resolution (Message 4) in response to these. Since the random access procedure is completed in two steps, the terminal device 40 can quickly connect to the base station 20.
  • the non-contention based random access procedure is a random access procedure initiated by the base station.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the non-contention based random access procedure.
  • the non-contention based random access procedure is a three-step procedure that begins with the transmission of a random access preamble allocation from the base station 20.
  • the non-contention based random access procedure includes the steps of receiving a random access preamble allocation (Message 0), transmitting a random access preamble (Message 1), and receiving a random access response (Message 2).
  • the terminal device 40 randomly selects a preamble sequence. However, in a non-collision-based random access procedure, the base station 20 assigns an individual random access preamble to the terminal device 40. The terminal device 40 receives a random access preamble assignment (Message 0: RA Preamble Assignment) from the base station 20 (step S31).
  • a random access preamble assignment (Message 0: RA Preamble Assignment) from the base station 20 (step S31).
  • the terminal device 40 executes random access to the base station 20 using the random access preamble assigned in step S31. That is, the terminal device 40 transmits the assigned random access preamble (Message 1: Random Access Preamble) to the base station 20 via the PRACH (step S32).
  • Message 1 Random Access Preamble
  • the base station 20 receives a random access preamble (Message 1) from the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 transmits a random access response (Message 2: Random Access Response) to the random access preamble to the terminal device 40 (step S33).
  • the random access response includes, for example, information on the uplink grant corresponding to the received random access preamble.
  • the terminal device 40 Upon receiving the random access response (Message 2), the terminal device 40 performs an RRC connection operation and transitions from an idle state (RRC_IDLE) to a connected state (RRC_CONNECTED).
  • the base station 20 schedules the random access preamble, making preamble collisions less likely to occur.
  • the random access procedure assuming that the RAT supported by the communication system 1 is LTE has been described above.
  • the above random access procedure is also applicable to RATs other than LTE.
  • the random access procedure assuming that the RAT supported by the communication system 1 is NR will be described in detail below.
  • the four steps related to Message 1 to Message 4 shown in FIG. 13 or FIG. 14 will be described in detail.
  • the step of Message 1 corresponds to step S21 shown in FIG. 13 and step S32 shown in FIG. 14.
  • the step of Message 2 corresponds to step S22 shown in FIG. 13 and step S33 shown in FIG. 14.
  • the step of Message 3 corresponds to step S23 shown in FIG. 13.
  • the step of Message 4 corresponds to step S24 shown in FIG. 13.
  • NR-PRACH NR Physical Random Access Channel
  • NR-PRACH is configured using a Zadoff-Chu sequence.
  • multiple preamble formats are defined as the format of NR-PRACH.
  • the preamble format is defined by a combination of parameters such as the subcarrier spacing of PRACH, the transmission bandwidth, the sequence length, the number of symbols used for transmission, the number of transmission repetitions, the CP (Cyclic Prefix) length, and the guard period length.
  • the types of preamble sequences of NR-PRACH are numbered. The number of the type of preamble sequence is called the preamble index.
  • NR-PRACH settings are made for terminal devices 40 in an idle state by system information. Furthermore, NR-PRACH settings are made for terminal devices 40 in a connected state by dedicated RRC signaling.
  • the terminal device 40 transmits the NR-PRACH using physical resources (NR-PRACH occasions) on which the NR-PRACH can be transmitted.
  • the physical resources are indicated by the settings for the NR-PRACH.
  • the terminal device 40 selects one of the physical resources to transmit the NR-PRACH.
  • the terminal device 40 transmits the NR-PRACH using the NR-PRACH resources.
  • the NR-PRACH resources are a combination of the NR-PRACH preamble and its physical resources.
  • the base station 20 can indicate the NR-PRACH resources to the terminal device 40.
  • NR-PRACH is also transmitted when the random access procedure fails.
  • the terminal device 40 waits to transmit NR-PRACH for a waiting period calculated from the backoff value (backoff indicator, BI).
  • the backoff value may differ depending on the terminal category of the terminal device 40 and the priority of the generated traffic. At that time, multiple backoff values are notified, and the terminal device 40 selects the backoff value to use depending on the priority.
  • the terminal device 40 increases the transmission power of NR-PRACH compared to the initial transmission. This procedure is called power ramping.
  • the NR random access response is transmitted using the NR Physical Downlink Shared Channel (NR-PDSCH).
  • the NR-PDSCH including the random access response is scheduled by the NR Physical Downlink Control Channel (NR-PDCCH) with the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) scrambled by the RA-RNTI.
  • the NR-PDCCH is transmitted in the Control Resource Set (CORESET).
  • the NR-PDCCH with the CRC scrambled by the RA-RNTI is placed in the Common Search Space (CSS) of the Type1-PDCCH CSS set.
  • CRC Common Search Space
  • the value of the Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier is determined based on the transmission resource of the NR-PRACH corresponding to the random access response.
  • the transmission resource of the NR-PRACH is, for example, a time resource (slot or subframe) and a frequency resource (resource block).
  • the NR-PDCCH may be placed in a search space associated with the NR-PRACH associated with the random access response. Specifically, the search space in which the NR-PDCCH is placed is set in association with the preamble of the NR-PRACH and/or the physical resource in which the NR-PRACH is transmitted.
  • the search space in which the NR-PDCCH is placed is set in association with the preamble index and/or the physical resource index.
  • the NR-PDCCH is an NR Synchronization signal (NR-SS) and a Quasi co-location (QCL).
  • the NR random access response is MAC (Medium Access Control) information.
  • the NR random access response includes at least an uplink grant for transmitting NR message 3, a timing advance value used to adjust uplink frame synchronization, and a TC-RNTI value.
  • the NR random access response also includes the PRACH index used for the NR-PRACH transmission corresponding to that random access response.
  • the NR random access response also includes information regarding the backoff used to wait for the PRACH transmission.
  • the base station 20 transmits a random access response on the NR-PDSCH.
  • the terminal device 40 determines whether or not the transmission of the random access preamble was successful based on the information included in the random access response. If it is determined that the transmission of the random access preamble was successful, the terminal device 40 performs a transmission process of NR Message 3 in accordance with the information included in the random access response. On the other hand, if the transmission of the random access preamble has failed, the terminal device 40 determines that the random access procedure has failed, and performs a retransmission process on the NR-PRACH.
  • the NR random access response may include multiple uplink grants for transmitting NR Message 3.
  • the terminal device 40 can select one resource for transmitting Message 3 from the multiple uplink grants. This can mitigate collisions in the transmission of NR Message 3 when different terminal devices 40 receive the same NR random access response. As a result, the communication system 1 can provide a more stable random access procedure.
  • NR message 3 is transmitted by NR-PUSCH (NR Physical Uplink Shared Channel).
  • NR-PUSCH is transmitted using resources indicated by the random access response.
  • NR message 3 includes an RRC connection request message.
  • the format of NR-PUSCH is indicated by a parameter included in the system information. For example, the parameter determines whether to use OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM) as the format of NR-PUSCH.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • DFT-s-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM
  • base station 20 proceeds to the contention resolution (Message 4) transmission process. On the other hand, if NR message 3 is not received successfully, base station 20 attempts to receive NR message 3 again for at least a specified period of time.
  • Another example of an instruction and transmission resource for retransmitting message 3 is an instruction by the NR-PDCCH used to instruct the retransmission of message 3.
  • the NR-PDCCH is an uplink grant.
  • the DCI (Downlink Control Information) of the NR-PDCCH instructs the resource for retransmitting message 3.
  • the terminal device 40 retransmits message 3 based on the instruction of the uplink grant.
  • the terminal device 40 If the NR contention resolution is not successfully received within a specified period of time, the terminal device 40 considers the random access procedure to have failed and performs NR-PRACH retransmission processing.
  • the transmission beam of the terminal device 40 used to retransmit the NR message 3 may be different from the transmission beam of the terminal device 40 used for the initial transmission of the message 3. If neither the NR contention resolution nor an instruction to retransmit the message 3 is received within a specified period of time, the terminal device 40 considers the random access procedure to have failed and performs NR-PRACH retransmission processing.
  • the specified period of time is set, for example, by system information.
  • NR conflict resolution (Message 4) NR contention resolution is transmitted using NR-PDSCH.
  • NR-PDSCH including contention resolution is scheduled by NR-PDCCH with CRC scrambled by TC-RNTI or C-RNTI.
  • NR-PDCCH with CRC scrambled by TC-RNTI is placed in CSS of Type1-PDCCH CSS set.
  • NR-PDCCH may be placed in USS (User equipment specific Search Space).
  • NR-PDCCH may be placed in other CSS.
  • the terminal device 40 If the terminal device 40 successfully receives the NR-PDSCH including the contention resolution, it transmits an acknowledgement (ACK) to the base station 20. Thereafter, the terminal device 40 considers the random access procedure to be successful and transitions to a connected state (RRC_CONNECTED). On the other hand, if the base station 20 receives a negative acknowledgement (NACK) to the NR-PDSCH from the terminal device 40, or if there is no response, it retransmits the NR-PDSCH including the contention resolution. If the terminal device 40 does not receive the NR contention resolution (Message 4) within a specified period of time, it considers the random access procedure to have failed and performs a retransmission process of the random access preamble (Message 1).
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • NACK negative acknowledgement
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the 2-step random access procedure.
  • the 2-step random access procedure is composed of two steps, message A (step S41) and message B (step S42).
  • message A includes message 1 (preamble) and message 3 of the conventional 4-step random access procedure (4-STEP RACH procedure)
  • message B includes message 2 and message 4 of the conventional 4-step random access procedure.
  • message A is composed of a preamble (also called PRACH) and a PUSCH
  • message B is composed of a PDSCH.
  • the two-step random access procedure makes it possible to complete the random access procedure with less delay than the conventional four-step random access procedure.
  • the preamble and PUSCH included in message A may be configured with associated transmission resources, or may be configured as independent resources.
  • the transmission resource of the PUSCH is determined uniquely or as multiple candidates.
  • the time and frequency offset between the preamble of the PRACH occasion and the PUSCH occasion is determined by one value.
  • the time and frequency offset between the preamble of the PRACH occasion and the PUSCH occasion is determined by a different value for each preamble.
  • the offset value may be determined by the specifications, or may be set quasi-statically by the base station 20.
  • the value of the time and frequency offset for example, it is defined by a predetermined frequency. For example, in an unlicensed band (e.g., 5 GHz band, band 45), the time offset value can be set to 0 or a value close to 0. This makes it possible to omit LBT (Listen Before Talk) before transmitting PUSCH.
  • LBT Listen Before Talk
  • the transmission resources of the preamble and PUSCH may be determined by the specifications, the base station 20 may set the resources quasi-statically, or they may be determined from other information.
  • other information include slot format information (e.g., Slot Format Indicator, etc.), BWP (Band Width Part) information, preamble transmission resource information, slot index, resource block index, etc.
  • the link between the preamble and PUSCH constituting one message A may be notified to the base station by the PUSCH payload or UCI included in the PUSCH, or may be notified to the base station 20 by the transmission physical parameters of the PUSCH (e.g., the PUSCH scrambling sequence, the DMRS sequence and/or pattern, and the PUSCH transmission antenna port).
  • the PUSCH payload or UCI included in the PUSCH may be notified to the base station 20 by the transmission physical parameters of the PUSCH (e.g., the PUSCH scrambling sequence, the DMRS sequence and/or pattern, and the PUSCH transmission antenna port).
  • the method of setting the transmission resources for the preamble and PUSCH may be switched between linking and setting them as independent resources. For example, the case where they are set as independent resources may be applied in a licensed band, and the case where the transmission resources are linked and set may be applied in an unlicensed band.
  • the base station 20 in the following embodiments may be not only a terrestrial station (terrestrial base station), but also a non-terrestrial station (non-terrestrial base station) that operates as a communication device, such as a satellite station, drone, balloon, or airplane.
  • a terrestrial station such as a satellite station, drone, balloon, or airplane.
  • non-terrestrial base station such as a satellite station, drone, balloon, or airplane.
  • resources represent Frequency, Time, Resource Element (including REG, CCE, and CORESET), Resource Block, Bandwidth Part, Component Carrier, Symbol, Sub-Symbol, Slot, Mini-Slot, Subslot, Subframe, Frame, PRACH occasion, Occasion, Code, Multi-access physical resource, Multi-access signature, Subcarrier Spacing (Numerology), etc.
  • point forming the technology for forming cells locally is called point forming, but the terminology is not limited to this.
  • the communication area formed by point forming is called a point cell, but the terminology is not limited to this.
  • a point cell that switches to follow the terminal device 40, or a point cell that moves to follow the terminal device 40 is called a terminal-following cell, but the method of naming is not limited to this.
  • the base station 20 can form a point cell by concentrating power at a specific location through coordinated control of multiple antennas. In other words, the base station 20 can form a point cell using the point-forming function.
  • Pointforming may be characterized in that the initial phases are different between transmitting antenna elements when concentrating power at a specific point.
  • beamforming may be characterized in that the initial phase offset is the same between transmitting antenna elements when forming a beam in a specific direction.
  • a base station 20 forms a pre-designed cell and communicates with a terminal device 40 within it. That is, conventional cells are designed with cell coverage in mind to provide communications to a specific area. However, when advanced spatial multiplexing is achieved with point forming, the cell coverage differs from conventional cell coverage. In this case, if conventional cell switching procedures (e.g., conventional handover procedures) are used, it is expected that various problems will occur, such as communication delays due to frequent switching procedures.
  • conventional cell switching procedures e.g., conventional handover procedures
  • the base station 20 forms a cell that follows the terminal device 40 as a new cell that supports point forming.
  • the terminal tracking cell is a cell that is dynamically generated to provide communications to a specific terminal device 40.
  • the terminal tracking cell may be a cell that is dedicated to the specific terminal device 40 (hereinafter also referred to as a dedicated cell).
  • the communication system 1 becomes able to provide communications specialized for the specific terminal device 40.
  • the terminal tracking cell forming means may be the following type 1 or type 2. Of course, the terminal tracking cell forming means may be a means other than type 1 and type 2.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a terminal tracking cell forming means according to Type 1.
  • the base station 20 forms a plurality of point cells PC that cover an area surrounded by a transmission antenna.
  • the base station 20 forms m ⁇ m point cells PC (point cells PC 11 to PC mn ) that cover an area surrounded by a transmission antenna.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 switch the point cell PC to which the terminal device 40 is connected by following the terminal device 40 moving within the area.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a terminal tracking cell forming means according to Type 1.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 switch the point cell PC to which the terminal device 40 is connected in the order of point cell PC 65 , point cell PC 75 , point cell PC 93 , and point cell PC 94 in accordance with the movement of the terminal device 40.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a terminal tracking cell forming means according to Type 2.
  • the base station 20 dynamically changes the setting value of the point cell PC so as to follow the movement of the terminal device 40. That is, in Type 2, the base station 20 dynamically moves the point cell PC by following the movement of the terminal device 40. For example, if the terminal device 40 is connected to the point cell PC1 , the base station 20 moves the point cell PC1 by following the movement of the terminal device 40. If the terminal device 40 is connected to the point cell PC2 , the base station 20 moves the point cell PC2 by following the movement of the terminal device 40. In Type 2, after the terminal device 40 makes an initial connection with the base station 20, the point cell PC moves in accordance with the movement of the terminal device 40. Therefore, the terminal device 40 does not need to re-perform the initial connection due to the movement.
  • the base station 20 may obtain information about the terminal device 40. Then, the base station 20 may execute a process (type 1 or type 2 process) for making the point cell PC track the terminal device based on the information about the terminal device.
  • the information about the terminal device may include at least one of the following pieces of information (A1) to (A7).
  • A1 Direction of movement of the terminal device 40
  • A2) Speed of movement of the terminal device 40 A3) Absolute position information of the terminal device 40
  • A4) Relative position information of the terminal device 40 A5) Interference power information received by the terminal device 40 belonging to the terminal tracking cell
  • A6) Information related to the near field or far field A7) Movement schedule information of the terminal device 40 (including route information)
  • the reference position (the position opposite to the position of the terminal device 40) that is the basis for calculating the relative position may be the position at which the connection with the base station 20 starts, the position of a specific base station 20, or a reference position provided by the base station 20.
  • the reference position may be a position other than these.
  • the terminal device 40 may assume that the terminal tracking cell once set is always available until a specific condition is satisfied. Examples of the specific condition include the following (B1) to (B3).
  • the terminal device 40 may perform initial access again and attempt to connect to the base station 20. Also, if the state of the terminal device 40 changes from a state in which the terminal tracking cell is available to a state in which it is unavailable, the base station 20 may fall back from the terminal tracking cell to a conventional cell and reconnect with the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 (for example, the transmission unit 432 of the terminal device 40) may periodically or dynamically notify the base station 20 of information required for terminal tracking (information used to form a terminal tracking cell).
  • the information required for terminal tracking may be the information shown in (A1) to (A7) above.
  • the terminal device 40 may acquire such information (information required for terminal tracking) through measurement. At this time, the measurement of the terminal device 40 may be performed periodically or aperiodically.
  • the terminal device 40 may perform the measurement at a predetermined timing.
  • the measurement period may be a combination of a plurality of periods.
  • the terminal device 40 may continue to perform the measurement at regular intervals.
  • the terminal device 40 may perform measurement on an event trigger basis. For example, the terminal device 40 may perform measurement at the timing when a measurement request is received from the base station 20. The terminal device 40 may also measure a measurement execution trigger notified or determined in advance, and perform measurement at the timing when the trigger occurs.
  • the trigger may be any of the following (C1) to (C4).
  • C1 A timing at which a predetermined time has arrived.
  • C2 A timing at which the communication quality of the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs falls below a reference value (for example, a predetermined threshold).
  • C3) A timing at which the moving speed of the terminal device 40 has increased.
  • C4 A timing at which the terminal device 40 has started to move.
  • the communication quality shown in (C2) may be RSRP (Reference Signals Received Power), RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), or SINR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio).
  • RSRP Reference Signals Received Power
  • RSSI Receiveived Signal Strength Indicator
  • SINR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  • the terminal device 40 notifies the base station 20 of the measurement result. At this time, the terminal device 40 may notify the measurement result periodically (periodic) or aperiodically (aperiodic).
  • the terminal device 40 may transmit the measurement result to the base station 20 at a predetermined timing.
  • the measurement execution period may be a combination of a plurality of periods.
  • the terminal device 40 may continue to transmit the measurement result at a constant interval.
  • the terminal device 40 may perform notification on an event trigger basis. For example, the terminal device 40 may transmit the measurement result to the base station 20 at the timing when a notification request for the measurement result is received from the base station 20. The terminal device 40 may also measure a notification execution trigger that has been notified or determined in advance, and transmit the measurement result to the base station 20 at the timing when the trigger is activated.
  • the trigger may be any of the following (D1) to (D9).
  • D1 The timing when the communication quality of the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs becomes equal to or higher than a reference (e.g., a predetermined threshold).
  • D2 The timing when the communication quality of the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs becomes equal to or lower than a reference (e.g., a predetermined threshold).
  • D3 The timing when the communication quality of the adjacent point cell becomes better than the communication quality of the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs by an offset or more.
  • D4 The timing when the communication quality of the adjacent point cell becomes a cell with better reception quality than the communication quality of the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs.
  • the timing when the quality of the reference signal resource becomes better than a reference e.g., a predetermined threshold.
  • the timing when the moving speed of the terminal device 40 becomes equal to or higher than a reference e.g., a predetermined threshold.
  • the communication quality shown in (D2) to (D5) may be RSRP (Reference Signals Received Power), RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), or SINR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio).
  • the reference signal shown in (D6) to (D7) may be, for example, CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal).
  • the base station 20 (e.g., the acquisition unit 331 of the base station 20) acquires information required for terminal tracking from the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 (e.g., the formation unit 332 of the base station 20) forms a terminal tracking cell based on the information received from the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 (for example, the tracking unit 333 of the base station 20) executes processing to make the point cell follow the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may transmit to the terminal device 40 information for making the point cell follow the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may transmit to the terminal device 40 information regarding the point cell that the terminal device 40 will next connect to.
  • the base station 20 may transmit to the terminal device 40 information regarding the area in which the point cell to which the terminal device 40 currently belongs can follow the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 (e.g., the acquisition unit 431 of the terminal device 40) acquires information from the base station 20 for making the point cell follow the terminal device 40. Then, the terminal device 40 (e.g., the communication control unit 433 of the terminal device 40) connects to the point cell based on the information from the base station 20.
  • Type 1 the base station 20 forms a plurality of point cells PC that cover a predetermined area, for example, as shown in Fig. 16. For example, in Type 1, the base station 20 arranges the point cells in advance so that there are no spatial gaps. Then, the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 switch the point cell PC to which the terminal device 40 is connected by having it follow the terminal device 40 moving within the area.
  • Type 1 since the terminal device 40 attaches to an appropriate point cell, there is a possibility that the point cell will be frequently switched due to the movement of the terminal device 40. Therefore, the terminal device 40 may be connected to multiple point cells in advance.
  • the terminal device 40 may be configured to be able to connect to two or more point cells among the multiple point cells within the area. The terminal device 40 may then be attached to multiple point cells in advance. For example, if the terminal device 40 is able to grasp movement information in advance, the terminal device 40 notifies the base station 20 of the movement information.
  • the movement information may include at least one of the movement route, movement direction, movement speed, and location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 determines the point cell to which the terminal device 40 will connect in the future based on the movement information received from the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 notifies the terminal device 40 of information regarding the point cell to which the terminal device 40 will connect in the future, as information for making the point cell follow the terminal device 40.
  • the number of point cells that the base station 20 notifies the terminal device 40 of as the point cell to which the terminal device 40 will connect in the future is not limited to one, and there may be multiple point cells.
  • the base station 20 may notify the terminal device 40 of not only the information of the point cell to which the terminal device will connect next, but also the information of the point cell to which it will connect next.
  • the base station 20 may also notify the terminal device 40 of the information of the next point cell.
  • the terminal device 40 Based on the information received from the base station 20 (information regarding the point cell to be connected in the future), the terminal device 40 connects in advance to a point cell to be used for future communication, separate from the point cell with which it is currently communicating. Then, the terminal device 40 switches the point cell to be used for communication to one of the multiple point cells to which it has previously connected, depending on its movement.
  • the information about the point cell to be connected in the future may include at least one of the following pieces of information (E1) to (E13).
  • the information about the point cell to be connected in the future may also include information other than the following.
  • E1 Point cell ID (E2) Point cell connection order (E3) Information regarding point cell initial access (E4) PRACH transmission resource of point cell (E5) PRACH transmission preamble sequence of point cell (E6) Uplink/downlink carrier frequency of point cell (E7) Bandwidth of point cell (E8) Terminal unique ID after point cell switching (C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier)) (E9) Radio Resource Configuration after Point Cell Switching (E10) Trigger information for performing point cell switching; (E11) Timing advance information after point cell switching; (E12) Propagation delay information after point cell switching; (E13) Information regarding two-step initial access.
  • PRACH transmission resource of point cell E5) PRACH transmission preamble sequence of point cell (E6) Uplink/downlink carrier frequency of point cell (E7) Bandwidth of point cell (E8) Terminal unique ID after point cell switching (C-RNTI (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier))
  • C-RNTI Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • the communication system 1 can achieve high communication performance.
  • the terminal device 40 connects in advance to the point cell to which it will connect in the future. Therefore, even if point forming is applied to the wireless access network, communication delays due to switching of point cells do not occur very often.
  • the communication system 1 can achieve high-speed, low-latency communication while achieving a large number of high-density wireless communications.
  • Type 2 the base station 20 dynamically changes the setting value of the point cell PC so as to follow the movement of the terminal device 40. Unlike the conventional cell, in Type 2, the point cell dynamically moves according to the position of the terminal device 40. That is, in Type 2, the base station 20 needs to dynamically move the point cell PC so as to follow the movement of the terminal device 40, for example, as shown in FIG.
  • the terminal device 40 may notify the base station 20 of the movement information of the terminal device 40.
  • the movement information may include at least one of the movement route, movement direction, movement speed, and location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may dynamically move the point cell based on the movement information received from the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may notify the base station 20 of its movement information at an appropriate timing, rather than the terminal device 40 notifying the base station 20 of its movement information at a predetermined timing.
  • the terminal device 40 may then notify the base station 20 of the movement information of the terminal device on demand in accordance with the movement of the terminal device. At this time, the terminal device 40 may notify the movement information using the uplink resource set in the Configured grant. The base station 20 may then dynamically move the point cell based on the movement information transmitted by the terminal device 40 in accordance with the movement.
  • the communication system 1 can achieve high communication performance. For example, with Type 2, after the terminal device 40 makes an initial connection with the base station 20, the point cell PC moves in accordance with the movement of the terminal device 40. Therefore, the terminal device 40 does not need to re-establish the initial connection due to movement, and no communication delay occurs due to switching of the point cell. As a result, the communication system 1 can achieve high-density wireless communication with a large number of users while achieving high-speed, low-latency communication.
  • the terminal device 40 needs to fall back to a wide cell (e.g., a conventional cell) while communicating in a terminal tracking cell.
  • a wide cell e.g., a conventional cell
  • the terminal device 40 needs to fall back to the wide cell.
  • the wide cell is a cell with a wider area than the point cell.
  • the wide cell may be a classic cell or a cell formed by beamforming.
  • the wide cell may be a cell formed by a point forming function.
  • the terminal tracking cell can be called a small point cell, and the wide cell can be called a wide point cell.
  • the base station 20 When fallback becomes necessary, for example, when the base station 20 (e.g., the fallback unit 334 of the base station 20) is unable to make the point cell (or small point cell) follow the terminal device 40, the base station 20 may fall back the cell to which the terminal device 40 is connected from the terminal following cell to a wide cell (or wide point cell).
  • the base station 20 e.g., the fallback unit 334 of the base station 20
  • the base station 20 may fall back the cell to which the terminal device 40 is connected from the terminal following cell to a wide cell (or wide point cell).
  • FIG. 18 shows an example of a conventional reference signal arrangement.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of reference signals in this embodiment.
  • reference signals may be arranged in all subcarriers of one symbol. This can improve communication quality.
  • Figure 20 is a diagram showing another example of the placement of reference signals in this embodiment.
  • the reference signals are sparsely placed.
  • a portion of one symbol is allocated to the data signal transmission area. This makes it possible to increase data transmission resources.
  • the base station 20 may not need to perform some or all of the conventional scheduling processing.
  • the base station 20 may perform a predetermined scheduling for a wide cell (wide point cell) that has a larger area than a point cell, and may not need to perform some or all of the scheduling performed by the wide cell for a point cell (small point cell).
  • the base station 20 when the base station 20 implements point forming (or when only one terminal device 40 uses one point cell), the base station 20 does not need to perform at least one of scheduling of communication resources in the frequency direction and scheduling of communication resources in the time direction. Also, when the base station 20 implements point forming (or when only one terminal device 40 uses one point cell), the base station 20 does not need to perform cross-carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation or dual connectivity.
  • the specific terminal device 40 can always use all of the assigned frequency bands. Therefore, scheduling in the frequency direction is not required. In this case, the terminal device 40 may always use all of the frequency bands to communicate.
  • the terminal device 40 can basically communicate without being bound by time.
  • the uplink and downlink are not synchronized between the terminal tracking cells, for example, the uplink signal of the first terminal tracking cell may interfere with the downlink signal of the second terminal tracking cell.
  • the base station 20 and/or the terminal device 40 may synchronize the communication directions, such as uplink and downlink, between the terminal tracking cells between the terminal tracking cells.
  • the base station 20 may notify the terminal device 40 of information regarding the communication directions, such as uplink and downlink.
  • this information may be set by semi-static advance notification or may be set by dynamic notification.
  • Cross-Carrier Scheduling When only one terminal device 40 uses one point cell (for example, one terminal tracking cell), cross-carrier scheduling in carrier aggregation or dual connectivity is not required.
  • the assigned communication band is a terminal-specific communication resource, the terminal device 40 can communicate without cross-carrier scheduling.
  • the point cell determination means may be any of the following (M1) to (M3). Of course, the point cell determination means may be means other than (M1) to (M3).
  • M1 Point cell determination means using a synchronization signal
  • M2 Point cell determination means using location information
  • M3 Point cell determination means using an anchor cell
  • the terminal device 40 performs initial access based on any one of the above means (M1) to (M3).
  • the administrator of the communication system 1 may decide which of the above means (M1) to (M3) the base station 20 and/or the terminal device 40 will use to determine the point cell.
  • Point cell determination means based on a synchronization signal The point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs may be determined based on a synchronization signal transmitted by the base station 20. For example, the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs may be determined based on a synchronization signal transmitted by the base station 20.
  • the point cell determination means based on a synchronization signal may be either of the following types A and B. Of course, the point cell determination means based on a synchronization signal may be a means other than type A and type B.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining an example of a point cell determination means by a synchronization signal.
  • the base station 20 forms a plurality of point cells PC covering a predetermined area.
  • the base station 20 executes a process for determining a point cell PC to which the terminal device 40 belongs.
  • the base station 20 transmits a plurality of synchronization signals to the terminal device 40 for the terminal device 40 to identify the point cell PC.
  • the terminal device 40 determines a point cell PC to connect to based on the received synchronization signal.
  • the terminal device 40 holds in advance information for linking predetermined information related to the synchronization signal (for example, at least one information of a sequence, a frequency resource, and a time resource) with a point cell ID.
  • the terminal device 40 identifies a point cell PC to connect to based on the information held in advance and the received synchronization signal. After identification, the terminal device 40 connects to the identified point cell PC.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining another example of the point cell determination means by the synchronization signal.
  • the base station 20 can form a wide cell WC, which is a cell with a wider area than the point cell PC.
  • the wide cell WC can also be called a wide point cell.
  • the point cell PC can also be called a small point cell.
  • the wide cell WC is not limited to a cell formed by the point forming function.
  • the wide cell WC may be a conventional communication cell (classic cell) or a cell formed by the beam forming function.
  • the names of these cells are not limited to wide cell/wide point cell and point cell/small point cell.
  • the base station 20 forms one or more wide cells WC covering a specified area and multiple point cells PC covering the wide cells WC.
  • the terminal device 40 selects the wide cell WC to connect to. Then, the terminal device 40 connects (e.g., attaches) to the base station 20. After the terminal device 40 connects to the wide cell WC, the base station 20 transmits multiple synchronization signals to the terminal device 40 for the terminal device 40 to identify the point cell PC included in the wide cell WC to which the terminal device 40 belongs. Then, the terminal device 40 determines the point cell PC to connect to based on the received synchronization signal.
  • the terminal device 40 holds in advance information for linking predetermined information related to the synchronization signal (e.g., at least one of information on the sequence, frequency resource, and time resource) with the point cell ID. Then, the terminal device 40 identifies the point cell PC to connect to based on the previously held information and the received synchronization signal. After identification, the terminal device 40 connects to the identified point cell PC.
  • predetermined information related to the synchronization signal e.g., at least one of information on the sequence, frequency resource, and time resource
  • the base station 20 can form a cell different from the point cell PC.
  • the base station 20 can form a wide cell WC, which is a cell with a wider area than the point cell PC.
  • the terminal device 40 selects a cell to connect to (for example, the wide cell WC). Then, the terminal device 40 connects to the base station 20.
  • the base station 20 acquires location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may acquire location information from the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may also measure the location of the terminal device 40 and acquire the measurement information as location information of the terminal device 40. Then, the base station 20 determines the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on the location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 can determine an appropriate point cell based on the location information of the terminal device 40. Therefore, it is not necessary to link the synchronization signal with the point cell, as described above in the point cell determination means using a synchronization signal.
  • the terminal device 40 may connect to a conventional base station (another base station) that does not implement point forming. For example, if there is an anchor cell formed by a conventional base station, the terminal device 40 may connect to the anchor cell. After the connection, the base station 20 and/or the terminal device 40 may determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on information from the other base station 20. For example, the terminal device 40 may determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs by communication in the anchor cell.
  • point cell determination means The outline of the point cell determining means has been explained above, and the point cell determining means will be explained in detail below.
  • Point cell determination means using synchronization signal First, the point cell determining means using the synchronous signal will be described in detail.
  • the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs may be determined based on a synchronization signal transmitted by the base station 20.
  • the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs may be determined based on the power of the synchronization signal transmitted by the base station 20.
  • the point cell determination means using the synchronization signal may be either Type A or Type B. Types A and B are described in detail below.
  • the base station 20 forms a plurality of point cells (for example, point cell PC shown in FIG. 21) that cover the entirety of a predetermined area (for example, a support area for point forming) in advance. Then, the base station 20 transmits a plurality of synchronization signals to the terminal device 40 for the terminal device 40 to identify the point cells. Then, the terminal device 40 determines the point cell to attach to based on the received synchronization signals.
  • point cell PC shown in FIG. 21
  • a predetermined area for example, a support area for point forming
  • the base station 20 forms point cells throughout a specified area in advance.
  • the terminal device 40 receives a synchronization signal from the point cell to which it belongs.
  • the terminal device 40 then transmits message 1 for the initial access procedure (random access procedure) using resources corresponding to the synchronization signal.
  • the base station 20 that receives this message can determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs, based on which point cell it received message 1 for the initial access procedure (random access procedure).
  • the base station 20 may transmit multiple synchronization signals at the same time. For example, the base station 20 may transmit multiple synchronization signals at the same time for each of multiple point cells that cover a specified area.
  • the transmission power is distributed by the number of point cells, which may degrade the reception quality within the point cells.
  • spatial multiplexing efficiency is maximized.
  • the base station 20 may transmit multiple synchronization signals distributed at different times.
  • synchronization signals distributed at different times there will be times when communication is not possible in each point cell, and this may result in a decrease in spatial multiplexing efficiency compared to transmitting synchronization signals at the same time.
  • synchronization signals are transmitted distributed at different times, the reception quality within the point cells is improved.
  • the base station 20 forms one or more wide point cells (e.g., wide cell WC shown in FIG. 22) that cover a predetermined area in advance, and the terminal device 40 selects a wide point cell to attach to. After attaching to the wide point cell, the base station 20 and/or the terminal device 40 performs a procedure for selecting a suitable small point cell from among the small point cells (e.g., point cell PC shown in FIG. 22) that belong to the selected wide point cell.
  • the base station 20 and/or the terminal device 40 After attaching to the wide point cell, the base station 20 and/or the terminal device 40 performs a procedure for selecting a suitable small point cell from among the small point cells (e.g., point cell PC shown in FIG. 22) that belong to the selected wide point cell.
  • wide cells e.g., wide cell WC shown in FIG. 22
  • point cells e.g., point cell PC shown in FIG. 22
  • wide point cells can be referred to as wide cells
  • small point cells can be referred to as point cells.
  • the base station 20 forms one or more wide point cells in a specified area (e.g., a support area for point forming) in advance. Then, the base station 20 transmits multiple synchronization signals to the terminal device 40 so that the terminal device 40 can identify the wide cell.
  • the terminal device 40 receives the synchronization signal of the wide point cell to which it belongs. Then, the terminal device 40 transmits message 1 of the initial access procedure (random access procedure) using the resource corresponding to the synchronization signal.
  • the base station 20 that receives this message can determine the wide point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs, based on which wide point cell it received message 1 for the initial access procedure (random access procedure).
  • the base station 20 may transmit multiple synchronization signals at the same time. For example, the base station 20 may transmit multiple synchronization signals at the same time for each of multiple wide point cells covering a specified area.
  • the transmission power is distributed by the number of wide point cells, which may degrade the reception quality within the wide point cells.
  • spatial multiplexing efficiency is maximized.
  • the base station 20 may transmit multiple synchronization signals distributed at different times.
  • transmitting synchronization signals distributed at different times there will be times when communication is not possible in each point cell, and this may result in a decrease in spatial multiplexing efficiency compared to transmitting synchronization signals at the same time.
  • the reception quality within the point cells will improve.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 communicate in the wide point cell to which they belong.
  • the base station 20 may transmit a number of synchronization signals to the terminal device 40 for the terminal device 40 to identify the small point cells included in the wide point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs.
  • the terminal device 40 may then determine the small point cell to connect to based on the received synchronization signals.
  • the base station 20 may perform processing to change the cell to which the terminal device 40 is connected from the wide point cell to a small point cell. For example, the base station 20 may transmit to the terminal device 40 multiple different reference signals linked to multiple small point cells. For example, the terminal device 40 may measure the reception quality of the received reference signal and provide feedback to the base station 20. The base station 20 that receives the feedback may determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on the feedback information from the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may perform random access with the small point cell determined by the base station 20.
  • the terminal device 40 has already completed connection to the wide point cell. Therefore, the base station 20 may transmit only a synchronization signal of a small point cell that belongs to the area of the wide point cell.
  • the synchronization signal of the small point cell may be linked to the small point cell ID. The terminal device 40 may then determine the small point cell ID to connect to from the synchronization signal.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 may be configured to be able to bundle multiple bands using carrier aggregation or dual connectivity.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 may communicate using at least one of the multiple bands as a band that provides a point cell.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 may apply a wide point cell and a small point cell in combination with a mechanism such as carrier aggregation or dual connectivity.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 may communicate by using at least one band of multiple bands as a band that provides a wide point cell and at least one other band as a band that provides a small point cell.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 may set band A used in carrier aggregation as a band that provides wide point cells, and band B used in carrier aggregation as a band that provides small point cells.
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 may also set band A used in dual connectivity as a band that provides wide point cells, and band B used in dual connectivity as a band that provides small point cells.
  • the terminal device 40 may also set base station A used in dual connectivity as a band that provides wide point cells, and base station B used in dual connectivity as a band that provides small point cells.
  • Point cell determination means based on location information ⁇ 5-2-2.
  • Point cell determination means based on location information Next, the point cell determining means based on the location information will be described in detail.
  • the base station 20 forms one or more cells covering a specified area in advance.
  • the cell formed by the base station 20 may be a cell different from a point cell (small point cell).
  • the cell formed by the base station 20 may be a wide cell.
  • the terminal device 40 selects a cell to attach to and attaches to the cell.
  • the base station 20 acquires location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may acquire location information from the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may also measure the location of the terminal device 40 and acquire the measurement information as location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 determines the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on the location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 forms one or more cells (e.g., wide cells) in a predetermined area (e.g., a support area for point forming) in advance.
  • the base station 20 transmits multiple synchronization signals to the terminal device 40 so that the terminal device 40 can identify the cell.
  • the terminal device 40 receives the synchronization signal of the cell to which it belongs.
  • the terminal device 40 transmits message 1 of the initial access procedure (random access procedure) using resources corresponding to the synchronization signals.
  • the base station 20 that receives this message can determine the cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs, based on the cell in which it received message 1 for the initial access procedure (random access procedure).
  • the base station 20 acquires location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may acquire location information from the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may measure the location of the terminal device 40 based on information from a location measurement device or the like that the terminal device 40 possesses.
  • the terminal device 40 may then notify the base station 20 of the measured location.
  • the base station 20 may acquire the information notified from the terminal device 40 as location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may also measure the position of the terminal device 40. The base station 20 may then acquire the measurement information as position information of the terminal device 40. In this regard, the base station 20 may transmit a reference signal for position measurement (e.g., a Positioning Reference Signal) to the terminal device 40, and the terminal device 40 may feed back the measurement results to the base station 20.
  • a reference signal for position measurement e.g., a Positioning Reference Signal
  • the base station 20 may also obtain location information of the terminal device 40 using a zone ID used in V2X (Vehicle to X) and the like.
  • the base station 20 may determine the point cell (small point cell) to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on the location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may notify the terminal device 40 of information required for communication in the point cell.
  • the terminal device 40 performs communication in the point cell to which it belongs.
  • the terminal device 40 may attach to an anchor cell formed by a conventional base station (another base station) that does not implement point forming. After attaching, the base station 20 and/or the terminal device 40 may determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on information from the other base station 20.
  • the terminal device 40 receives a synchronization signal from an anchor cell formed by a conventional base station. Then, the terminal device 40 transmits message 1 of the initial access procedure (random access procedure) using resources corresponding to the synchronization signal.
  • the base station 20 that receives this message can determine the anchor cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs, based on which cell it received message 1 for the initial access procedure (random access procedure).
  • the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 communicate in the anchor cell.
  • the base station 20 may perform processing to add a point cell (small point cell) (hereinafter referred to as a point cell addition processing).
  • the point cell addition processing may be any of the following (G1) to (G3).
  • the base station 20 may notify the terminal device 40 of information required for communication with the point cell by communication in the anchor cell.
  • the base station 20 may also transmit multiple different reference signals associated with the point cells to the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may measure the reception quality of the received reference signal and provide feedback to the base station 20.
  • the base station 20 that receives the feedback may determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on the feedback information from the terminal device 40. Then, the terminal device 40 may start communication with the determined point cell.
  • the terminal device 40 may use the random access information of the point cell to perform random access with the point cell.
  • the base station 20 may acquire location information of the terminal device 40 .
  • the base station 20 may acquire location information from the terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 may measure the location of the terminal device 40 based on information from a location measurement device or the like that the terminal device 40 possesses.
  • the terminal device 40 may then notify the base station 20 of the measured location.
  • the base station 20 may acquire the information notified from the terminal device 40 as location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may also measure the position of the terminal device 40. The base station 20 may then acquire the measurement information as position information of the terminal device 40. In this regard, the base station 20 may transmit a reference signal for position measurement (e.g., a Positioning Reference Signal) to the terminal device 40, and the terminal device 40 may feed back the measurement results to the base station 20.
  • a reference signal for position measurement e.g., a Positioning Reference Signal
  • the base station 20 may determine the point cell (small point cell) to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on the location information of the terminal device 40.
  • the base station 20 may notify the terminal device 40 of information required for communication in the point cell by communication in the anchor cell.
  • the terminal device 40 performs communication in the point cell to which it belongs.
  • the base station 20 may obtain information about the terminal device 40 from a conventional base station (another base station) that provides an anchor cell to the terminal device 40. Then, the base station 20 may determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on the information from the conventional base station (another base station).
  • the conventional base station (other base station) that provides the anchor cell to the terminal device 40 may be configured to be able to determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs.
  • the base station 20 may obtain determination information for the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs from the conventional base station (other base station). Then, the base station 20 may determine the point cell to which the terminal device 40 belongs based on the determination information from the conventional base station (other base station).
  • the synchronization signal transmitted from the base station 20 may be any one of the following (H1) to (H3).
  • H1 PSS Primary Synchronization Signal
  • H2 SSS Secondary Synchronization signal
  • H3 TSS Tecondary Synchronization signal
  • the system information transmitted from the base station 20 may be transmitted in any of the following ways (I1) to (I2).
  • I1 Physical Broadcast channel
  • I2 Physical Downlink Shared channel
  • At least one of the following pieces of information (J1) to (J3) may be notified from the terminal device 40 to the base station 20.
  • the terminal device 40 receives a reference signal transmitted from the base station 20 and measures the channel matrix between each antenna element and the terminal device 40. The terminal device 40 then notifies the base station 20 of the measurement result as channel information. The terminal device 40 may also notify the base station 20 of the measurement result as is as channel information. The terminal device 40 may also perform eigenvalue decomposition on the channel matrix to obtain an eigenvalue vector, and notify the base station 20 of the eigenvalue vector as channel information.
  • the functions of the base station 20 in this embodiment may be separated into a plurality of functions such as a Central Unit (CU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Radio Unit (RU).
  • the remote control unit may include some or all of the functions known under names such as RRH (Radio Remote Head), RRU (Remote Radio Unit), and RU (Radio Unit), as used to be called in the past.
  • a central control entity e.g., CU or DU
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • PHY Physical
  • a central control entity may process the SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol)/PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol)/RLC (Radio Link Control)/MAC layers, and each transmission point may process the PHY layer/RF (Radio Frequency) layer.
  • SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • the wireless communication using the technology (power concentration technology) of concentrating power at a specific point by utilizing the phase difference in the near field has been described.
  • the wireless communication related to the point forming of the present embodiment may be near field communication.
  • the near field communication may be communication at a distance shorter than the Fraunhofer distance determined by the frequency band and the aperture length of the transmission panel.
  • one base station 20 executes processing related to point forming
  • multiple base stations 20 may execute processing related to point forming in cooperation with each other.
  • multiple base stations 20 may form point cells by controlling their respective transmitting antennas in cooperation with other base stations 20.
  • the base station 20 may also perform cooperative control with the relay station 30.
  • the technology of the present disclosure has been described by taking the communication process between the base station 20 and the terminal device 40 as an example.
  • the scope of application of the present embodiment is not limited to this.
  • the technology of the present disclosure can also be applied to communication between a plurality of communication devices selected from the management device 10, the base station 20, the relay station 30, and the terminal device 40.
  • the technology of the present disclosure can also be applied to communication between management devices 10, between base stations 20, between relay stations 30, or between terminal devices 40.
  • the control device that controls the management device 10, base station 20, relay station 30, or terminal device 40 in this embodiment may be realized by a dedicated computer system or a general-purpose computer system.
  • a communication program for executing the above-mentioned operations is stored in a computer-readable recording medium such as an optical disk, a semiconductor memory, a magnetic tape, or a flexible disk and distributed. Then, for example, the program is installed in a computer and the above-mentioned processing is executed to configure a control device.
  • the control device may be a device external to the management device 10, the base station 20, the relay station 30, or the terminal device 40 (for example, a personal computer).
  • the control device may also be a device internal to the management device 10, the base station 20, the relay station 30, or the terminal device 40 (for example, the control unit 13, the control unit 23, the control unit 33, or the control unit 43).
  • the above-mentioned communication program may also be stored on a disk device provided in a server on a network such as the Internet, so that it can be downloaded to a computer.
  • the above-mentioned functions may also be realized by cooperation between an OS (Operating System) and application software.
  • OS Operating System
  • the parts other than the OS may be stored on a medium and distributed, or the parts other than the OS may be stored on a server so that they can be downloaded to a computer.
  • each component of each device shown in the figure is a functional concept, and does not necessarily have to be physically configured as shown in the figure.
  • the specific form of distribution/integration of each device is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or part of the devices can be functionally or physically distributed or integrated in any unit depending on various loads, usage conditions, etc. This distribution or integration configuration may also be performed dynamically.
  • this embodiment can be implemented as any configuration that constitutes an apparatus or system, such as a processor as a system LSI (Large Scale Integration), a module using multiple processors, a unit using multiple modules, a set in which a unit is further enhanced with other functions, etc. (i.e., a configuration that constitutes part of an apparatus).
  • a processor as a system LSI (Large Scale Integration)
  • a module using multiple processors a unit using multiple modules, a set in which a unit is further enhanced with other functions, etc.
  • a system refers to a collection of multiple components (devices, modules (parts), etc.), regardless of whether all the components are in the same housing. Therefore, multiple devices housed in separate housings and connected via a network, and a single device in which multiple modules are housed in a single housing, are both systems.
  • this embodiment can be configured as a cloud computing system in which a single function is shared and processed collaboratively by multiple devices via a network.
  • the base station 20 forms a point cell by a power concentration technique (point forming). For example, the base station 20 forms a point cell by concentrating power at a specific point through cooperative control of multiple antennas. Then, the base station 20 executes a process to make the point cell follow the terminal device 40. For example, the base station 20 acquires information about the terminal device 40. Then, the base station 20 executes a process to make the point cell follow the terminal device 40 based on the information about the terminal device 40.
  • point forming point a power concentration technique
  • the base station 20 performs processing to make the point cell follow the terminal device 40. Therefore, even if the terminal device 40 moves, the terminal device 40 can connect to the point cell without interruption. As a result, high communication performance can be achieved.
  • the communication system 1 can achieve high-speed, low-latency communication while achieving a large number of high-density wireless communications.
  • the present technology can also be configured as follows.
  • a base station comprising: (2) An acquisition unit that acquires information regarding the terminal device, The tracking unit executes a process for causing the point cell to track the terminal device based on information about the terminal device.
  • the base station described in (1) (3)
  • the acquisition unit acquires, as the information related to the terminal device, at least one of information on a moving direction of the terminal device, information on a moving speed of the terminal device, and location information of the terminal device.
  • the acquisition unit acquires, as the information on the terminal device, information on interference power received by the terminal device.
  • a base station as described in (2) or (3).
  • the acquisition unit acquires information regarding a near field or a far field as information regarding the terminal device.
  • the acquisition unit acquires information regarding a movement schedule of the terminal device as the information regarding the terminal device.
  • the forming unit forms a plurality of point cells within a predetermined area, The tracking unit performs a process for switching the point cell to which the terminal device is connected, by tracking the terminal device moving within the specified area.
  • a base station according to any one of (1) to (6).
  • the terminal device is configured to be connectable to two or more point cells among the plurality of point cells,
  • the tracking unit notifies the terminal device of information regarding a point cell to which the terminal device will connect in the future.
  • the following unit notifies information regarding a connection order of the point cells as information regarding the point cells to which the terminal device will connect in the future.
  • the following unit notifies information regarding two-step initial access as information regarding a point cell to which the terminal device will connect in the future.
  • (11) The tracking unit dynamically moves the point cell to follow the movement of the terminal device.
  • the tracking unit dynamically moves the point cell based on movement information transmitted by the terminal device in accordance with the movement.
  • a fallback unit that, when the point cell cannot be made to follow the terminal device, causes the cell to which the terminal device is connected to fall back to a wide cell that is a cell with a wider area than the point cell.
  • a terminal device that can be connected to a base station that can form a point cell by concentrating power at a specific point through cooperative control of multiple antennas, an acquisition unit that acquires information for causing the terminal device to follow the point cell from a base station; A communication control unit that connects to the point cell based on information for causing the point cell to follow the terminal device; A terminal device comprising: (16) A number of point cells are formed within a given area, The acquisition unit acquires information regarding a point cell to which the terminal device will connect in the future as information for causing the terminal device to follow the point cell, The communication control unit switches the point cell used by the terminal device based on information about a point cell to which the terminal device will connect in the future.
  • a transmission unit that transmits movement information of the terminal device to the base station that dynamically moves the point cell in accordance with the movement of the terminal device, The terminal device described in (15).
  • (18) By concentrating power at a specific location through the cooperative control of multiple antennas, a point cell is formed. Executing a process for making the terminal device follow the point cell; Communication methods.
  • (19) A communication method executed by a terminal device that can be connected to a base station that can form a point cell by concentrating power at a specific point through cooperative control of a plurality of antennas, comprising: acquiring information for causing the point cell to follow the terminal device from a base station; Connecting to the point cell based on information for making the point cell follow the terminal device; Communication methods.
  • a communication system including a base station and a terminal device, The base station, a forming unit that forms a point cell by concentrating power at a specific point through cooperative control of a plurality of antennas; a tracking unit that executes a process for making a terminal device follow the point cell; an acquisition unit that acquires information for causing the terminal device to follow the point cell from the base station; A communication control unit that connects to the point cell based on information for causing the point cell to follow the terminal device; Communication systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une station de base comprenant : une unité de formation qui forme une cellule de type point par concentration d'énergie sur un emplacement spécifique par l'intermédiaire d'une commande coopérative pour une pluralité d'antennes ; et une unité de suivi qui met en œuvre un traitement pour amener un dispositif terminal à suivre la cellule de type point.
PCT/JP2024/009939 2023-03-29 2024-03-14 Station de base, dispositif terminal, procédé de communication, et système de communication Ceased WO2024203379A1 (fr)

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JP2023053843 2023-03-29

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WO2025204980A1 (fr) * 2024-03-29 2025-10-02 ソニーグループ株式会社 Dispositif de communication, procédé de communication et programme

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