WO2024251066A1 - 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池 - Google Patents

一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024251066A1
WO2024251066A1 PCT/CN2024/096991 CN2024096991W WO2024251066A1 WO 2024251066 A1 WO2024251066 A1 WO 2024251066A1 CN 2024096991 W CN2024096991 W CN 2024096991W WO 2024251066 A1 WO2024251066 A1 WO 2024251066A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
cover assembly
shell
upper cover
single cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/096991
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈孟奇
雷政军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D Aus Energy Storage Technology Xian Co Ltd
Original Assignee
D Aus Energy Storage Technology Xian Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by D Aus Energy Storage Technology Xian Co Ltd filed Critical D Aus Energy Storage Technology Xian Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024251066A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024251066A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of batteries, and specifically relates to an upper cover assembly, a single cell and a large-capacity battery.
  • the related art proposes a large-capacity battery, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the large-capacity battery includes a shell 1 and a plurality of single cells 2; the plurality of single cells are placed in parallel in the shell 1, and a first through hole 3 for the single cell pole to extend out of the shell 1 is provided on the top plate of the shell 1 corresponding to the pole of each single cell 2; the shell 1 is provided with at least one shared chamber 4 communicating with the inner cavity of each single cell 2;
  • the electrolyte of each single cell can be shared; as shown in FIG. 2 , when it is used to communicate with the gas area in the inner cavity of each single cell, it can be used to achieve gas balance of each single cell.
  • the shared chamber 4 allows each single cell to be in at least one of a unified electrolyte environment and a gas balance environment, thereby ensuring the uniformity of each single cell and improving the performance and cycle life of large-capacity batteries.
  • the sealing performance of the housing 1 is particularly important.
  • each first through hole 3 on the housing 1 and the corresponding upper cover assembly of the single cell 2 need to be sealed and welded to ensure the sealing at this position.
  • the current method is to weld the housing and the upper cover assembly of the single cell by laser welding in the surrounding area corresponding to each first through hole 3 (the circle at A in Figure 1 is the welding track).
  • the present application provides an upper cover assembly on the one hand.
  • the upper cover assembly comprises two poles and a gas port located between the two poles; the improvement thereof is that it also comprises a cover body and two hollow components arranged on the cover body;
  • Both ends of the hollow member are open;
  • the two poles are both insulated from the cover plate body and are passed through the corresponding hollow components, and insulation is maintained between the poles and the hollow components.
  • the present application arranges two hollow components on the cover body of the single cell.
  • a plurality of single cells are grouped and placed in a large-capacity battery casing, no matter whether there is a gap between the casing and the upper cover components of each single cell, or whether the gap sizes are different, during operation, it is only necessary to seal and connect the portion of the hollow component on each single cell away from the cover body and the area corresponding to the first through hole on the casing corresponding thereto, thereby ensuring the sealing of the large-capacity battery casing and solving the problem of cold welding or even failure to weld that may occur when the casing and the upper cover of the single cell are directly laser welded in the existing solution.
  • the above-mentioned hollow component is integrally formed on the cover body.
  • a through groove for clamping the heat transfer tube is provided on the pole.
  • a portion of the hollow component away from the cover body can be bent for welding and sealing with the peripheral area of the first through hole on the large-capacity battery shell.
  • a buffer deformation groove is provided on the side wall of the hollow component.
  • the buffer deformation groove not only provides a certain deformation margin for sealing and fixing, which can be used to compensate for the problem of too large or too small gap between the shell and the single battery, but also can compensate for the coaxiality deviation between the single battery pole and the first through hole corresponding thereto; at the same time, when the large-capacity battery is subjected to external force or self-vibration, the buffer deformation groove itself has a certain buffering effect, ensuring the reliability of sealing and fixing.
  • the outer surface of the pole is engraved with knurling.
  • the purpose of the knurling is to ensure that when the insulating glue is poured between the pole and the cover body, or between the pole and the hollow component, the insulating glue can be stably attached and solidified therein.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a single cell battery, comprising an outer cylinder, an upper cover assembly, a lower cover assembly and an electrode assembly; the improvement is that the upper cover assembly adopts the upper cover assembly provided in the first aspect.
  • the purpose of adopting the upper cover assembly is to ensure good sealing between the single cell in the outer shell and the external environment through the hollow components of the upper cover assembly in each single cell when assembling a large-capacity battery with a shared chamber.
  • a sealing mechanism is provided on the lower cover assembly, and the sealing mechanism can be opened under the action of electrolyte or external force.
  • the lower cover assembly with a sealing mechanism is used so that when a large-capacity battery is not assembled, the single cell itself has good sealing performance.
  • the sealing mechanism can be opened so that the electrolyte areas in the inner cavities of each single cell are connected.
  • the gas port in the upper cover assembly is an explosion venting portion, so after forming a large-capacity battery, the shared chamber can be used as an explosion venting channel.
  • the gas port in the above-mentioned upper cover assembly is a sealing mechanism, which can be opened under the action of electrolyte or external force.
  • the upper cover assembly with a sealing mechanism is designed to ensure that the single cell itself has good sealing properties when a large-capacity battery is not assembled.
  • the sealing mechanism can be opened, and the shared chamber can connect the gas areas in the inner cavities of each single cell, so that each single cell is in a gas balance state.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides a large-capacity battery, comprising a housing and a plurality of single cells; the plurality of single cells are arranged side by side and are integrally arranged inside the housing; a shared chamber is arranged on the top of the housing;
  • the portion of the hollow component on the single battery away from the cover plate body is sealed and connected to the area corresponding to the first through hole on the shell; the pole of the single battery extends out of the shell.
  • the present application installs each single cell side by side in the shell, ensuring that the pole of each single cell can extend out of the first through hole on the corresponding shell, and seals the shell and the upper cover assembly of the single cell through a hollow component, thereby ensuring the sealing of the large-capacity battery.
  • each single cell is placed in a unified electrolyte environment or gas balance environment, thereby ensuring the uniformity of each single cell and improving the performance and cycle life of the large-capacity battery.
  • the shared chamber is integrally formed on the top of the shell, and the shared chamber is connected to the gas area of each single cell through the through hole of each single cell.
  • the shared chamber is integrally formed at the top of the shell, and the shared chamber covers the explosion venting part of each single cell to ensure that the smoke from thermal runaway of the single cell breaks through the explosion venting part and is discharged through the gas chamber.
  • the fourth aspect of the present application provides a large-capacity battery, comprising a housing and a plurality of single cells; the plurality of single cells are arranged side by side and are integrally arranged inside the housing; a shared chamber is arranged at the bottom of the housing for connecting the electrolyte areas of the single cells;
  • the portion of the hollow component on the single battery away from the cover plate body is sealed and connected to the area corresponding to the first through hole on the shell; the pole of the single battery extends out of the shell.
  • the fifth aspect of the present application provides a large-capacity battery, comprising a housing and a plurality of single cells; the plurality of single cells are arranged side by side and are integrally arranged inside the housing; the gas port in the upper cover assembly of the single cell is a through hole;
  • the housing is provided with two shared chambers, one of which is integrally formed at the bottom of the housing and is used to connect the electrolyte areas of the inner cavities of the individual cells; the other shared chamber is integrally formed at the top of the housing and is used to connect the gas areas of the inner cavities of the individual cells;
  • the portion of the hollow component on the single battery away from the cover plate body is sealed and connected to the area corresponding to the first through hole on the shell; the pole of the single battery extends out of the shell.
  • the sixth aspect of the present application provides a large-capacity battery, comprising a housing and a plurality of single cells; the plurality of single cells are arranged side by side and are integrally arranged inside the housing; the gas opening on the single cell is an explosion venting part;
  • the shell is provided with two shared chambers, one of which is integrally formed at the bottom of the shell and is used to connect the electrolyte areas of the inner cavities of each single cell; the other shared chamber is integrally formed at the top of the shell and covers the explosion venting part of each single cell to ensure that the smoke from thermal runaway of the single cell breaks through the explosion venting part and is discharged through the shared chamber;
  • the portion of the hollow component on the single battery away from the cover plate body is sealed and connected to the area corresponding to the first through hole on the shell; the pole of the single battery extends out of the shell.
  • a heat transfer tube is mounted on the pole with the same polarity on each single cell in the large-capacity battery of the third to sixth aspects above.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a first structural form of a large-capacity battery proposed in the related art in the background art
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a large-capacity battery proposed in the related art in the background art
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a third structural form of a large-capacity battery proposed in the related art in the background art
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper cover assembly provided in Example 1;
  • FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow component provided with a buffer deformation groove
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a single cell structure in which an explosion relief portion is provided on an upper cover assembly in Embodiment 2;
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in which a sealing mechanism is provided on the upper cover assembly in Example 2;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a large-capacity battery in Example 3.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing in Example 3.
  • FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of the first cover plate in Example 3.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the U-shaped housing in Example 3.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in which a sealing mechanism is provided on the lower cover assembly in Example 5;
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a large-capacity battery in Example 6.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing in Example 6;
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the U-shaped housing in Example 6;
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second cover plate in Example 6;
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 7.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-capacity battery housing in Example 7.
  • the reference numerals are as follows: 1-shell, 11-cylinder, 12-first cover, 13-second cover, 14-U-shaped shell, 15-third cover, 16-fourth cover, 2-single battery, 3-first through hole, 4-shared chamber, 5-upper cover assembly, 51-cover body, 52-pole, 521-pole adapter, 522-through groove, 53-hollow member, 54-gas port, 55-buffer deformation groove, 56-sealing mechanism, 57-explosion relief part, 6-outer cylinder, 7-lower cover assembly.
  • orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "top, bottom, inside and outside” in the text are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the technical solution.
  • first, second or third are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • the terms "installed, connected, connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example: it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • installed, connected, connected should be understood in a broad sense, for example: it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • the present application redesigns the structure of the upper cover assembly of a single cell, which includes a cover plate body, two poles, and two hollow components corresponding to the positions of the two poles; one end of the hollow component is used to be sealed and connected to the area corresponding to the first through hole on the large-capacity battery shell, and the other end is sealed and connected to the upper cover assembly of the single cell, thereby solving the problem of cold welding or failure to weld the two during laser welding due to processing errors and assembly errors in the mass production of large-capacity batteries.
  • the area corresponding to the first through hole is a peripheral area on the outer surface of the housing corresponding to any one of the first through holes; or The area corresponding to the first through hole is the hole wall of the first through hole.
  • the structure and manufacturing process of the upper cover assembly in this application are basically similar to those of the upper cover assembly used in existing commercially available square lithium-ion batteries, except that:
  • Two hollow components need to be provided on the cover body, and the hollow components need to be insulated from the poles;
  • the hollow member is generally a thin-walled tubular structure, which can be sealed and connected to the upper cover plate of the single cell and the outer shell of the large-capacity battery by bonding, riveting or welding.
  • the horizontal cross-section of the hollow member can be a rectangular ring or a circular ring. In order to better adapt to the shape of the first through hole and the pole, the cross-section of the hollow member is usually a circular ring.
  • the upper cover assembly, a single cell using the upper cover assembly, and a large-capacity battery are specifically described below in conjunction with several embodiments.
  • the upper cover assembly 5 in this embodiment includes a cover body 51, two poles 52 and a gas port 54 arranged on the cover body 51 and located between the two poles 52; two hollow components 53 are integrally formed on the cover body 51, and both ends of the hollow components are open; the two poles 52 are insulated from the cover body 51, and extend out of the large-capacity battery shell after passing through their respective corresponding hollow components 53, and insulation is maintained between the poles 52 and the hollow components 53; the portion of the hollow component 53 away from the cover body can be bent outward and sealed and connected to the peripheral area corresponding to a first through hole 3 on the shell 1.
  • sealing connection such as bonding, riveting, etc.
  • bonding compared with welding, the reliability of bonding is poor and the riveting method is not convenient for assembly. Therefore, welding is usually used to seal the hollow component and the shell.
  • the hollow component can be fixed to the cover body by welding.
  • this method is more complicated to process and has lower efficiency.
  • the portion of the hollow component 53 away from the cover body is not bent, but the end of the hollow component 53 away from the cover body is directly welded to the outer shell 1, laser welding cannot be used, which may make the reliability and sealing of the welding part relatively weak.
  • the upper cover assembly of this embodiment can also be optimized as follows:
  • the pole 52 In order to avoid the problem that the temperature of the pole 52 is too high locally, causing thermal runaway of each single battery, the pole 52 The portion extending out of the housing 1 is provided with a through groove 522 for clamping the heat transfer pipe.
  • the cross section of the through groove 522 can be designed to be U-shaped or C-shaped. Since the C-shaped through groove has natural tension at the opening, it is convenient for the installation of the heat transfer tube and helps to clamp the heat transfer tube more tightly in the through groove, so that the heat transfer connector and the heat transfer tube have better heat conduction effect. Therefore, in this embodiment, the C-shape is selected as the cross section of the through groove.
  • a buffer deformation groove 55 is also provided on the side wall of the hollow component 53 of this embodiment.
  • the buffer deformation groove 55 not only provides a certain deformation margin for sealing and fixing, which can be used to make up for the problem of welding problems caused by the large gap between the shell and the single battery, but also can make up for the coaxiality deviation between the single battery pole and the corresponding first through hole; at the same time, when the large-capacity battery is subjected to external force or self-vibration, the buffer deformation groove itself has a certain buffering effect, ensuring the reliability of sealing and fixing.
  • the outer surface of the pole can also be knurled, so that when the insulating glue is poured between the pole and the cover body, and between the pole and the hollow component, the insulating glue can be stably adhered and solidified therein.
  • two hollow components may be welded on the existing finished upper cover assembly.
  • a pole adapter 521 may be added to the existing pole 52 of the finished upper cover assembly by screw connection or welding to ensure that the pole 52 can extend out of the housing 1.
  • the horizontal cross-section of the pole adapter 521 may be cylindrical or square.
  • a through slot 522 can be directly opened on the pole 52;
  • a through slot 522 may be provided on the pole adapter 521 .
  • This embodiment provides a single cell 2, the specific structure of which is shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 , including an outer cylinder 6, an upper cover assembly 5, a lower cover assembly 7 and an electrode assembly;
  • the outer cylinder 6 is open at the top and bottom.
  • the upper cover assembly 5 and the lower cover assembly 7 are fixed to the upper and lower open ends of the outer cylinder 6 by welding, thereby forming a closed single cell cavity.
  • the electrode assembly is installed in the cavity of the single cell, and the electrode assembly is connected to the pole in the upper cover assembly 5; the electrolyte is provided in the cavity of the single cell 2.
  • the upper cover assembly 5 in this embodiment adopts the same structure as that of the first embodiment.
  • the gas port 52 may be an explosion relief portion 57 of a single cell, and the explosion relief portion may be an explosion relief membrane or an explosion relief valve. As shown in FIG7 , the gas port 52 may also be a sealing mechanism 56, which is opened under the action of electrolyte or external force to form a through hole.
  • the form of the sealing mechanism 56 may be specifically referred to patent CN218525645U.
  • the structure of the single cell is similar to that of the commercially available square lithium-ion battery, except that a hollow component needs to be added to the upper cover assembly. There are two ways to actually manufacture the single cell of this embodiment:
  • Method 1 Improve the commercially available square lithium-ion battery by welding.
  • two hollow components are directly welded on the upper cover assembly, and then insulation is ensured between the pole and the hollow component by pouring insulating glue or setting insulating rubber sleeves.
  • this method requires manpower and time, and is inefficient.
  • Method 2 You can assemble the single cell by yourself.
  • the upper cover assembly of the single cell needs to be remade, that is, two hollow components need to be integrally formed on the upper cover assembly, and insulation between the pole and the hollow component is ensured by pouring insulating glue or setting insulating rubber sleeves.
  • the gas port of the upper cover assembly needs to adopt a sealing mechanism.
  • the other parts of the single cell can be consistent with the commercially available square lithium-ion battery, and the assembly process of the single cell is basically the same as that of the commercially available square lithium-ion battery.
  • a large-capacity battery is provided in the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , and comprises a shell 1, N single cells 2 having the same structure as that of the embodiment 2, where N is greater than or equal to 2; the N single cells 2 are arranged side by side and are integrally arranged inside the shell 1; a shared chamber 4 is arranged on the top of the shell 1; a portion of a hollow component 53 of an upper cover assembly 5 in the single cell 2 away from the cover plate body can be bent outward and sealed and welded to a peripheral area corresponding to a first through hole 3 on the shell 1; a pole of the single cell 2 extends out of the shell 1, and insulation is maintained between the pole and the hollow component 53.
  • the shells of the single cells are made of aluminum
  • the hollow component and the shell of the large-capacity battery are also made of aluminum.
  • the gas port on the single cell is a sealing mechanism, which can be opened under the action of electrolyte or external force, thereby connecting the gas area in the inner cavity of the single cell 2 with the shared chamber.
  • an exhaust valve can be set on the shared chamber to regularly discharge the gas in each single cell, thereby avoiding a series of problems affecting the comprehensive performance of large-capacity batteries, such as swelling of the single cell shell due to the inability to discharge gas.
  • An exhaust valve and an explosion-proof membrane can also be set on the gas chamber 8, or only an exhaust valve can be set; the exhaust valve can be opened manually or automatically, and the exhaust valve is opened regularly to regularly discharge the gas in each single cell, thereby avoiding a series of problems affecting the comprehensive performance of large-capacity batteries, such as swelling of the single cell shell due to the inability to discharge gas.
  • the exhaust valve and the explosion-proof membrane are set at the same time, the exhaust valve and the explosion-proof membrane are located at both ends of the gas chamber.
  • the explosion-proof membrane is used for the thermal runaway smoke to break through the explosion-proof membrane and discharge the gas chamber 8 when any single cell has thermal runaway, so that such large-capacity batteries have higher safety performance.
  • heat transfer tubes are mounted on poles with the same polarity on each single cell of the large-capacity battery.
  • the shell of a large-capacity battery can be constructed in the following three forms:
  • a shared cavity and 2N first through holes 3 are integrally formed on the first cover plate 12 , and the 2N first through holes 3 are arranged on both sides of the shared cavity.
  • the outer shell 1 includes a U-shaped shell 14, a first cover plate 12, a third cover plate 15 and a fourth cover plate 16; the top, front and rear of the U-shaped shell 14 are open, the first cover plate 12 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the top of the U-shaped shell 14, and the third cover plate 15 and the fourth cover plate 16 are sealed and fixed (welded) to the front and rear of the U-shaped shell 14 respectively.
  • a shared cavity and 2N first through holes 3 are integrally formed on the first cover plate 12 , and the 2N first through holes 3 are arranged on both sides of the shared cavity.
  • the housing 1 includes a cylinder 11, a third cover plate 15, and a fourth cover plate 16; the front and rear of the cylinder 11 are both open, the third cover plate 15 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the front of the cylinder 11, and the fourth cover plate 16 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the rear of the cylinder;
  • a shared chamber and 2N first through holes 3 are integrally formed at the top of the cylinder 11 , and the 2N first through holes 3 are arranged on both sides of the shared chamber.
  • the cylinder 11 and the U-shaped shell 14 can be spliced by welding, or can be integrally formed by casting or stamping. In order to facilitate processing while ensuring sealing, this embodiment chooses an integral molding method.
  • the large-capacity battery structure of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 3, except that the gas port of the single cell is the explosion venting part, and the shared chamber covers the explosion venting part.
  • the thermal runaway smoke breaks through the explosion venting port and can be discharged through the shared chamber.
  • This embodiment provides a single cell 2, the specific structure of which is shown in FIG6, FIG7 and FIG12, including an outer cylinder 6, an upper cover assembly 5, a lower cover assembly 7 and an electrode assembly;
  • the outer cylinder 6 is open at the top and bottom.
  • the upper cover assembly 5 and the lower cover assembly 7 are fixed to the upper and lower open ends of the outer cylinder 6 by welding, thereby forming a closed single cell cavity.
  • the electrode assembly is installed in the cavity of the single cell, and the electrode assembly is connected to the pole in the upper cover assembly 5; the electrolyte is provided in the cavity of the single cell 2.
  • the upper cover assembly 5 in this embodiment adopts the same structure as that of the first embodiment.
  • a sealing mechanism is provided on the lower cover assembly.
  • the sealing mechanism 56 is opened under the action of electrolyte or external force to form a through hole.
  • the form of the sealing mechanism 56 can be specifically referred to patent CN218525645U.
  • the structure of the single cell is similar to that of the commercially available square lithium-ion battery, except that a hollow component needs to be added to the upper cover assembly and a sealing mechanism needs to be added to the lower cover assembly.
  • a hollow component needs to be added to the upper cover assembly and a sealing mechanism needs to be added to the lower cover assembly.
  • Method 1 Improvements can be made to commercially available square lithium-ion batteries, that is, two hollow components are directly welded to the upper cover assembly of commercially available square lithium-ion batteries by welding, and then insulation is ensured between the pole and the hollow component by pouring insulating glue or setting insulating rubber sleeves. Then a hole is opened on the lower cover assembly, and then a sealing mechanism is set at the opening.
  • this method requires manpower and time, and is inefficient.
  • Method 2 You can assemble the single battery cells by yourself.
  • the upper cover assembly of the single battery cells needs to be remade, that is, two hollow components need to be integrally formed on the upper cover assembly, and insulation between the pole and the hollow component is ensured by pouring insulating glue or setting insulating rubber sleeves;
  • the lower cover assembly also needs to be remade, that is, a sealing mechanism is set on the lower cover assembly; in some cases, the gas port of the upper cover assembly also needs to adopt a sealing mechanism.
  • the other components of the single cell battery can be consistent with the commercially available square lithium-ion batteries, and the assembly process of the single cell battery is also basically the same as that of the commercially available square lithium-ion batteries.
  • the structure of the large-capacity battery in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 3, and there is only one shared chamber.
  • the single cell adopts the structure of embodiment 5; the shared chamber is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and is used to connect the electrolyte areas in the inner chambers of each single cell. Since each single cell shares the electrolyte, multiple single cells in this embodiment need to be arranged in parallel.
  • each single cell When the sealing mechanism 56 on the lower cover assembly of each single cell is opened under the action of electrolyte or external force, the electrolyte area of each single cell is connected to the shared chamber, so that each single cell is in a common electrolyte system, thereby improving the performance and cycle life of large-capacity batteries.
  • the shell of a large-capacity battery can be constructed in the following three forms:
  • the housing 1 includes a cylinder 11, a first cover plate 12, and a second cover plate 13; the top and bottom of the cylinder 11 are both open, the first cover plate 12 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the top of the cylinder 11, and the second cover plate 13 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the bottom of the cylinder 11;
  • the first cover plate 12 is provided with 2N first through holes 3
  • the second cover plate 13 is integrally formed with a shared cavity.
  • the housing 1 includes a U-shaped housing 14, a first cover plate 12, a third cover plate 15 and a fourth cover plate 16; the top, front and rear of the U-shaped housing 14 are all open, and the first cover plate 12 is sealed and fixed (welded) to At the top of the U-shaped shell 14 , the third cover plate 15 and the fourth cover plate 16 are sealed and fixed (welded) to the front and rear of the U-shaped shell 14 , respectively.
  • the first cover plate 12 is provided with 2N first through holes 3 , and a shared cavity is integrally formed on the bottom of the U-shaped shell 14 .
  • the housing 1 includes a cylinder 11, a third cover plate 15, and a fourth cover plate 16; the front and rear of the cylinder 11 are both open, the third cover plate 15 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the front of the cylinder 11, and the fourth cover plate 16 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the rear of the cylinder;
  • the top of the cylinder 11 is provided with 2N first through holes 3 , and the bottom of the cylinder 11 is integrally formed with a shared chamber.
  • the cylinder 11 and the U-shaped shell 14 can be spliced by welding, or can be integrally formed by casting or stamping. In order to facilitate processing and ensure sealing, the integral forming method is usually selected.
  • this embodiment is based on the embodiment 6 (electrolyte can be shared), and a shared chamber 4 is added on the top of the shell; that is, the large-capacity battery of this embodiment has two shared chambers 4 .
  • the sealing mechanism 56 When the gas port 54 in the upper cover assembly 5 of the single cell 2 is a sealing mechanism 56, the sealing mechanism is opened under the action of the electrolyte or the external force, and then the gas area in the inner cavity of the single cell 2 is connected with the additional shared chamber.
  • the shared chamber covers the explosion venting part of each single cell 2 to ensure that the smoke from thermal runaway of the single cell breaks through the explosion venting port and is discharged through the added shared chamber.
  • the shell of a large-capacity battery can be constructed in the following three forms:
  • the housing 1 includes a cylinder 11, a first cover plate 12, and a second cover plate 13; the top and bottom of the cylinder 11 are both open, the first cover plate 12 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the top of the cylinder 11, and the second cover plate 13 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the bottom of the cylinder 11;
  • the first cover plate 12 is provided with 2N first through holes 3 and is integrally formed with a shared cavity.
  • the second cover plate 13 is also integrally formed with a shared cavity.
  • the housing 1 includes a U-shaped shell 14, a first cover plate 12, a third cover plate 15 and a fourth cover plate 16; the top, front and rear of the U-shaped shell 14 are open, the first cover plate 12 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the top of the U-shaped shell 14, and the third cover plate 15 and the fourth cover plate 16 are sealed and fixed (welded) to the front and rear of the U-shaped shell 14 respectively.
  • the first cover plate 12 is provided with 2N first through holes 3 and is integrally formed with a shared cavity.
  • the bottom of the U-shaped shell 14 is also integrally formed with a shared cavity.
  • the housing 1 comprises a cylinder 11, a third cover plate 15, and a fourth cover plate 16; the front portion of the cylinder 11 and The rear part is open, the third cover plate 14 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the front part of the cylinder 11, and the fourth cover plate 16 is sealed and fixed (welded) to the rear part of the cylinder;
  • the top of the cylinder 11 is provided with 2N first through holes 3 and a shared chamber is integrally formed therewith, and the bottom of the cylinder 11 is also integrally formed therewith with a shared chamber.
  • the cylinder 11 and the U-shaped shell 14 can be spliced by welding, or can be integrally formed by casting or stamping. In order to facilitate processing and ensure sealing, the integral forming method is usually selected.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种上盖组件、单体电池以及大容量电池。该上盖组件，包括两个极柱及位于两个极柱之间的气体口；其改进之处在于，还包括盖板本体以及设置于盖板本体上的两个中空构件；中空构件的两端均为敞口；两个极柱均与盖板本体保持绝缘，并且穿设于各自对应的中空构件，且极柱和中空构件之间保持绝缘。操作时仅需将各单体电池上中空构件远离盖板本体的部分和外壳上与之对应的第一通孔对应的区域均进行密封连接，继而确保了大容量电池外壳的密封性，解决了直接将外壳和单体电池上盖板激光熔焊时可能出现的虚焊甚至是无法焊接的问题。

Description

一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池 技术领域
本申请属于电池领域，具体涉及一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池。
背景技术
现有的电池模组中各单体电池自身存在差异，使得电池模组中各单体电池的均一性较差，进而会直接导致电池模组的循环寿命受限，因此如何提升电池模组中各单体电池的均一性成为了该领域研究的重点和难点。
为了解决上述问题，相关技术提出了一种大容量电池，如图1和2所述，该大容量电池包括外壳1以及多个单体电池2；多个单体电池并联放置在外壳1内，外壳1顶板上对应各单体电池2的极柱开设有供单体电池极柱伸出外壳1的第一通孔3；外壳1上设置有与各单体电池2内腔连通的至少一个共享腔室4；
如图1所示，若共享腔室4为一个，当其用于和各单体电池2内腔中电解液区连通，则可实现各单体电池的电解液共享；如图2所示，当其用于和各单体电池内腔中气体区连通，则可用于实现各单体电池的气体平衡。
如图3所示，若共享腔室4为二个，则其中一个用于实现单体电池的电解液共享，另一个用于实现各单体电池的气体平衡。
通过该共享腔室4可使各单体电池至少处于统一的电解液环境和气体平衡环境中的一种，确保了各单体电池的均一性，提升了大容量电池的性能和循环寿命。
为了避免共享腔室与外界环境保持完全的隔离，外壳1的密封性显得尤为重要。
多个单体电池2在成组后，需要将外壳1上的每个第一通孔3和与之对应的单体电池2的上盖组件进行密封焊接，以确保该位置处的密封性。当前采用的方式是，在每个第一通孔3对应的周边区域采用激光熔焊的方式将外壳和单体电池的上盖组件焊接(图1中A处圆圈为焊接轨迹)。
但是，在批量生产大容量电池时，由于加工误差和装配误差的存在，若需要确保各单体电池底部处于同一水平面，则各单体电池的顶部(即上盖组件)会出现高低差不齐的问题，使得一些大容量电池中个别单体电池的上盖组件和外壳之间存在间隙，导致激光熔焊时外壳和上盖组件之间可能存在虚焊，甚至存在无法焊接的问题，大容量电池的成品率受到了影响。
发明内容
为了解决现有大容量电池的单体电池的上盖组件和外壳之间存在间隙，导致激光熔焊时外壳和上盖组件之间可能存在虚焊，甚至存在无法焊接的问题，本申请一方面提供了一种上盖组件。
该上盖组件，包括两个极柱及位于两个极柱之间的气体口；其改进之处在于，还包括盖板本体以及设置于盖板本体上的两个中空构件；
中空构件的两端均为敞口；
两个极柱均与盖板本体保持绝缘，并且穿设于各自对应的中空构件，且极柱和中空构件之间保持绝缘。
本申请在单体电池的盖板本体上设置两个中空构件，当多个单体电池在成组放入大容量电池外壳后，无论外壳和各单体电池上盖组件之间是否存在间隙，亦或是间隙尺寸不同，操作时仅需将各单体电池上中空构件远离盖板本体的部分和外壳上与之对应的第一通孔对应的区域均进行密封连接，继而确保了大容量电池外壳的密封性，解决了现有方案中直接将外壳和单体电池上盖板激光熔焊时可能出现的虚焊甚至是无法焊接的问题。
进一步地，为了方便加工制作，上述中空构件一体成型于盖板本体上。
进一步地，为了避免极柱局部温度过高导致各单体电池发生热失控的问题，上述极柱上开设有用于装夹传热管的通槽。
进一步地，为了提升各单体电池上中空构件和外壳之间密封固定的可操作性和适配性，上述中空构件远离盖板本体的一部分可折弯，用于和所述大容量电池外壳上第一通孔的周边区域焊接密封。
进一步地，上述中空构件侧壁上设置有缓冲形变槽。该缓冲形变槽不仅为密封固定时提供了一定的变形余量，该变形余量可以用来弥补外壳和单体电池之间间隙过大或过小的问题，并且也可弥补单体电池极柱和与之对应的第一通孔同轴度偏差；同时当大容量电池在受到外力或者自身振动时，该缓冲形变槽自身具有一定缓冲作用，确保了密封固定的可靠性。
进一步地，上述极柱的外表面刻设有滚花。该滚花设置的目的在于：在极柱和盖板本体之间、极柱和中空构件之间灌注绝缘胶时，绝缘胶能够稳定的附着和固化在其中。
本申请的第二方面提供了一种单体电池，包括外筒、上盖组件、下盖组件以及电极组件；其改进之处是,所述上盖组件采用上述第一方面提供的上盖组件。采用该上盖组件目的是为了组装具有共享腔室的大容量电池时，通过各单体电池中上盖组件的中空构件确保了外壳内单体电池与外部环境之间具有良好的密封性。
进一步地，为了使该单体电池能够组成共享电解液的大容量电池，下盖组件上设有密封机构，该密封机构在电解液作用或外力作用下能够被打开。采用具有密封机构的下盖组件是为了在未组装大容量电池时，单体电池自身具有良好的密封性，当需要组成大容量电池时，该密封机构可开启，使得各单体电池内腔的电解液区连通。
进一步地，上述上盖组件中气体口为泄爆部，则组成大容量电池后，共享腔室可作为泄爆通道使用。
进一步地，上述上盖组件中气体口为密封机构，该密封机构在电解液作用或外力作用下能够被打开，具有密封机构的上盖组件是为了在未组装大容量电池时，单体电池自身具有良好的密封性，当需要组成大容量电池时，该密封机构可开启，共享腔室可将各单体电池内腔的气体区连通，使得各单体电池处于气体平衡状态。
本申请的第三方面提供一种大容量电池，包括外壳以及多个单体电池；多个单体电池并排设置，且整体设置于外壳内部；所述外壳顶部设置有一个共享腔室；
单体电池上中空构件的远离盖板本体的部分与外壳上第一通孔对应的区域密封连接；单体电池的极柱伸出所述外壳。
本申请将各单体电池并排安装至外壳内，确保各单体电池的极柱均能伸出各自对应的外壳上的第一通孔，并通过中空构件将外壳和单体电池的上盖组件进行密封连接，确保了大容量电池的密封性，且通过该大容量电池中的共享腔室使各单体电池处于统一的电解液环境或气体平衡环境中，确保了各单体电池的均一性，提升了大容量电池的性能和循环寿命。
进一步地，在第三方面大容量电池的基础上，当单体电池上的气体口为通孔，所述共享腔室一体成型于所述外壳顶部，共享腔室通过各单体电池的通孔与各单体电池的气体区连通。
进一步地，在第三方面大容量电池的基础上，当单体电池上的气体口为泄爆部，所述共享腔室一体成型于所述外壳顶部，所述共享腔室覆盖于各单体电池的泄爆部，以确保单体电池热失控烟气冲破泄爆部后通过该气体腔室排出。
本申请的第四方面提供一种大容量电池，包括外壳以及多个单体电池；多个单体电池并排设置，且整体设置于外壳内部；所述外壳底部设置有一个共享腔室，用于将各单体电池电解液区连通；
单体电池上中空构件的远离盖板本体的部分与外壳上第一通孔对应的区域密封连接；单体电池的极柱伸出所述外壳。
本申请的第五方面提供一种大容量电池，包括外壳以及多个单体电池；多个单体电池并排设置，且整体设置于外壳内部；所述单体电池的上盖组件中气体口为通孔；
所述外壳上设置有两个共享腔室，其中一个共享腔室一体成型于外壳底部，用于将各单体电池内腔的电解液区连通；另一个共享腔室一体成型于外壳顶部，用于将各单体电池内腔的气体区连通；
单体电池上中空构件的远离盖板本体的部分与外壳上第一通孔对应的区域密封连接；单体电池的极柱伸出所述外壳。
本申请的第六方面提供一种大容量电池，包括外壳以及多个单体电池；多个单体电池并排设置，且整体设置于外壳内部；所述单体电池上的气体口为泄爆部；
所述外壳上设置有两个共享腔室，其中一个共享腔室一体成型于外壳底部，用于将各单体电池内腔的电解液区连通；另一个共享腔室一体成型于外壳顶部，且覆盖于各单体电池的泄爆部，以确保单体电池热失控烟气冲破泄爆部后通过该共享腔室排出；
单体电池上中空构件的远离盖板本体的部分与外壳上第一通孔对应的区域密封连接；单体电池的极柱伸出所述外壳。
进一步地，为了降低极柱局部温度过高导致各单体电池发生热失控的问题，以上第三至六方面的大容量电池中各单体电池上具有同一极性的极柱上装夹有传热管。
附图说明
图1为背景技术中相关技术提出的大容量电池第一种形态结构示意图；
图2为背景技术中相关技术提出的大容量电池第二种形态结构示意图；
图3为背景技术中相关技术提出的大容量电池第三种形态结构示意图；
图4为实施例1提供的上盖组件的结构示意图；
图5为中空构件设置缓冲形变槽的剖视图；
图6为实施例2中上盖组件设置泄爆部的单体电池结构示意图；
图7为实施例2中上盖组件设置密封机构的单体电池结构示意图；
图8为实施例3中大容量电池的示意图；
图9为实施例3中外壳的结构示意图；
图10为实施例3中第一盖板的结构示意图；
图11为实施例3中U形壳体的结构示意图；
图12为实施例5中下盖组件设置密封机构的单体电池结构示意图；
图13为实施例6中大容量电池的示意图；
图14为实施例6中外壳的结构示意图；
图15为实施例6中U形壳体的结构示意图；
图16为实施例6中第二盖板的结构示意图；
图17为为实施例7中大容量电池结构示意图；
图18为实施例7中大容量电池外壳的结构示意图。
附图标记如下：
1-外壳、11-筒体、12-第一盖板、13-第二盖板、14-U形壳体、15-第三盖板、16-第
四盖板、2-单体电池、3-第一通孔、4-共享腔室、5-上盖组件、51-盖板本体、52-极柱、521-极柱转接件、522-通槽、53-中空构件、54-气体口、55-缓冲形变槽、56-密封机构、57-泄爆部、6-外筒、7-下盖组件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合的附图，对实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于以下实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
同时，需要说明的是，文中术语“顶、底、内和外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对技术方案的限制。此外，术语“第一、第二或第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本申请中除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装、相连、连接”应做广义理解，例如：可以是固定连接、可拆卸连接或一体式连接：同样可以是机械连接、电连接或直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，也可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中上盖组件的基本设计思路是：
本申请重新设计了单体电池的上盖组件结构，该上盖组件包括盖板本体、两个极柱以及对应两个极柱位置的两个中空构件；中空构件的一端用于与大容量电池外壳上与之相对应的第一通孔对应的区域密封连接，另一端密封连接于单体电池的上盖组件上，从而解决了大容量电池批量生产过程中，由于加工误差和装配误差造成的一些大容量电池中外壳和各单体电池上盖组件之间的间隙过大而导致的两者通过激光熔焊时出现虚焊或无法焊接的问题。
其中，第一通孔对应的区域为外壳外表面上对应任一一个第一通孔的周边区域；或者 第一通孔对应的区域为第一通孔孔壁。
本申请中上盖组件和现有市售方形锂离子电池使用的上盖组件结构和制作工艺基本相似，不同之处的是：
盖板本体上需要设置两个中空构件，中空构件需要和极柱之间保持绝缘；
极柱需要比现有市售方形锂离子电池中极柱长度更长，可以是加工时就加工至所需长度，也可以是和现有市售方形锂离子极柱长度一致，在此基础上通过激光焊接的方式增加一个极柱转接件，目的均是为了组装成大容量电池时极柱能够伸出大容量电池外壳。
中空构件大体为一个薄壁的类管状结构，可采用粘接、铆接或焊接的方式分别于单体电池上盖板以及大容量电池的外壳密封连接。中空构件的水平截面可为矩形环或圆形环，为了更好的和第一通孔以及极柱形状适配，通常中空构件截面为圆环形。
以下结合几个实施例来对上盖组件、使用该上盖组件的单体电池以及大容量电池进行具体说明。
实施例1
如图4及图8所示，本实施例中上盖组件5包括盖板本体51、两个极柱52以及设置于盖板本体51上且位于两个极柱52之间的气体口54；盖板本体51上一体成型有两个中空构件53，中空构件的两端均为敞口；两个极柱52与盖板本体51之间保持绝缘，并且穿过各自对应的中空构件53后伸出大容量电池外壳，极柱52和中空构件53之间保持绝缘；中空构件53远离盖板本体的部分可向外折弯并和外壳1上一个第一通孔3对应的周边区域密封连接。
两个极柱52与盖板本体51之间、极柱52和中空构件53之间保持绝缘的方式可以为浇注绝缘胶，或设置绝缘胶套。
密封连接的方式较多，例如：粘接、铆接等；但是相对焊接方式来说，粘接的可靠性差，铆接方式不便于装配，因此通常采用焊接的方式将中空构件与外壳密封连接。
除了将中空构件一体成型于盖板本体上之外，在一些其它实施例中，中空构件可采用焊接的方式固定于盖板本体上，但相对一体成型的方式，该方式加工比较繁琐，效率较低。
在一些其他实施例中，若中空构件53远离盖板本体的部分不选择折弯，而是将中空构件53远离盖板本体的一端直接焊接于外壳1上，则无法采用激光熔焊的方式，可能会使得焊接部位的可靠性和密封性也相对较弱。
另外，在本实施例的上盖组件还可做出以下优化，：
一、为了避免极柱52局部温度过高导致各单体电池发生热失控的问题，上述极柱52 伸出外壳1的部分开设有用于装夹传热管的通槽522。
通槽522的截面可以设计为U字形或者C字形。由于C字形的通槽在开口处具有自然张力，方便传热管安装，同时有利于将传热管更加紧密卡接在通槽内，使得传热连接件和传热管的导热效果更佳，因此本实施例中选择C字形作为通槽的断面。
二、如图5所示，本实施例的中空构件53侧壁上还开设有缓冲形变槽55。该缓冲形变槽55不仅为密封固定时提供了一定的变形余量，该变形余量可以用来弥补外壳和单体电池之间间隙过大带来的不利于焊接的问题，并且也可弥补单体电池极柱和与之对应的第一通孔同轴度偏差；同时当大容量电池在受到外力或者自身振动时，该缓冲形变槽自身具有一定缓冲作用，确保了密封固定的可靠性。
三、本实施例中，极柱的外表面还可刻设滚花，在极柱和盖板本体之间、极柱和中空构件之间灌注绝缘胶时，绝缘胶能够稳定的附着和固化在其中。
在一些其它实施例中，除了通过自制上盖组件5外，也可采用在现有成品上盖组件上焊接两个中空构件，为了使成品上盖组件的极柱可以伸出，可利用螺钉连接或者焊接的方式在成品上盖组件的已有极柱52上增设一个极柱转接件521，以确保极柱52可伸出外壳1。极柱转接件521的水平截面可以为圆柱形，也可为方形。
若采用自制上盖组件，则可在极柱52上直接开设通槽522；
若采用成品上盖组件，则可在极柱转接件521上开设通槽522。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种单体电池2，其具体结构如图6至图8所示，包括外筒6、上盖组件5、下盖组件7以及电极组件；
外筒6上下均为敞口，上盖组件5和下盖组件7通过焊接的方式固定于外筒6的上下敞口端，从而形成一个密闭的单体电池内腔，电极组件安装于单体电池的内腔中，电极组件与上盖组件5中的极柱连接；单体电池2内腔中设置有电解液。
本实施例中上盖组件5采用与实施例1相同的结构。
如图6所示，气体口52可以是单体电池的泄爆部57，泄爆部可以是泄爆膜或者泄爆阀。如图7所示，气体口52也可是一个密封机构56，该密封机构56在电解液作用下或外力作用下被开启继而形成一个通孔。该密封机构56的形式可具体参见专利CN218525645U。
该单体电池的结构与市售方形锂离子电池的结构相似，不同之处就是上盖组件中需要增加一个中空构件，在实际制作本实施例的单体电池时，有两种方式：
方式一：可在市售的方形锂离子电池上进行改进，即利用焊接的方式在市售的方形锂 离子电池中上盖组件上直接焊接两个中空构件，然后通过浇注绝缘胶或者设置绝缘胶套的方式确保极柱和中空构件之间保持绝缘。但是，这种方式过程需要耗费人力和时间，效率较低。
方式二：可自行组装单体电池，单体电池的上盖组件需要重新制作，即上盖组件上需要一体成型两个中空构件，并通过浇注绝缘胶或者设置绝缘胶套的方式确保极柱和中空构件之间保持绝缘，在一些情况下上盖组件的气体口需要采用密封机构。单体电池的其它零部件可与市售方形锂离子电池保持一致，单体电池的组装过程也和市售方形锂离子电池基本相同。
实施例3
本实施例中提供了一种大容量电池，如图8和图9所示，该大容量电池包括外壳1、N个和实施例2结构相同的单体电池2，N大于等于2；N个单体电池2并排设置，且整体设置于外壳1内部；所述外壳1顶部设置有一个共享腔室4；单体电池2中上盖组件5的中空构件53远离盖板本体的部分可向外折弯并和外壳1上一个第一通孔3对应的周边区域密封焊接；单体电池2的极柱伸出外壳1，且极柱与中空构件53之间保持绝缘。
需要说明的是：本实施例中为了确保大容量电池的外壳和中空构件之间焊接的可操作性和焊接后的可靠性，由于单体电池的外壳均是采用铝制材料制成，因此，中空构件、大容量电池的外壳也采用铝制材料制作。
本实施例中单体电池上的气体口为密封机构，该密封机构可在电解液作用下或是外力作用下被开启，继而使得单体电池2内腔的气体区和共享腔室连通。
需要强调的是:可在该共享腔室上设置排气阀，定期排出各单体电池内的气体，从而避免了因气体无法排出造成单体电池壳体鼓胀等一系列影响大容量电池综合性能问题的产生。也可以在气体腔室8上设置排气阀和泄爆膜，或只设置排气阀；排气阀可手动或自动开启，定期开启排气阀，定期排出各单体电池内的气体，从而避免了因气体无法排出造成单体电池壳体鼓胀等一系列影响大容量电池综合性能问题的产生。当设置同时设置排气阀和泄爆膜时，排气阀和泄爆膜位于气体腔室的两端，泄爆膜用于在任意单体电池发生热失控时，热失控烟气冲破泄爆膜排出气体腔室8，使得此类大容量电池具有较高的安全性能。
为了降低大容量电池上各单体电池极柱局部温度过高导致发生热失控的问题，本实施例中，大容量电池的各单体电池上具有同一极性的极柱上装夹有传热管。
大容量电池的外壳可采用以下三种形式构成：
一、参见图9和图10，外壳1包括筒体11、第一盖板12、第二盖板13；筒体11的顶部和底部均为敞口，第一盖板12密封固定(焊接)于筒体11顶部，第二盖板13密封固定(焊接)于筒体11底部；
第一盖板12上一体成型有一个共享腔室以及2N个第一通孔3，2N个第一通孔3分列共享腔室的两侧。
二、参见图9、图10以及图11，外壳1包括U形壳体14、第一盖板12、第三盖板15以及第四盖板16；U形壳体14的顶部、前部和后部均为敞口，第一盖板12密封固定(焊接)于U形壳体14顶部，第三盖板15、第四盖板16分别密封固定(焊接)于U形壳体14的前部和后部。
第一盖板12上一体成型有一个共享腔室，以及2N个第一通孔3，2N个第一通孔3分列共享腔室的两侧。
三、参见图9，外壳1包括筒体11、第三盖板15、第四盖板16；筒体11的前部和后部均为敞口，第三盖板15密封固定(焊接)于筒体11前部，第四盖板16密封固定(焊接)于筒体后部；
筒体11的顶部一体成型有一个共享腔室以及2N个第一通孔3，2N个第一通孔3分列共享腔室的两侧。
以上三种方式的外壳中，筒体11和U形壳体14可通过焊接的方式拼接而成，也可采用铸造或冲压等方式一体成型，为了便于加工同时确保密封性，本实施例选择一体成型的方式。
实施例4
参见图8，本实施例的大容量电池结构与实施例3基本一致，不同之处是：单体电池的气体口为泄爆部，此时共享腔室覆盖泄爆部，当单体电池发生热失控时，热失控烟气冲破泄爆口后可通过该共享腔室排出。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种单体电池2，其具体结构如图6、图7以及图12所示，包括外筒6、上盖组件5、下盖组件7以及电极组件；
外筒6上下均为敞口，上盖组件5和下盖组件7通过焊接的方式固定于外筒6的上下敞口端，从而形成一个密闭的单体电池内腔，电极组件安装于单体电池的内腔中，电极组件与上盖组件5中的极柱连接；单体电池2内腔中设置有电解液。
本实施例中上盖组件5采用与实施例1相同的结构。
本实施例中下盖组件上设置密封机构。该密封机构56在电解液作用下或外力作用下被开启继而形成一个通孔。该密封机构56的形式可具体参见专利CN218525645U。
该单体电池的结构与市售方形锂离子电池的结构相似，不同之处就是上盖组件中需要增加一个中空构件，下盖组件上需要增加一个密封机构，在实际制作本实施例的单体电池时，有两种方式：
方式一：可在市售的方形锂离子电池上进行改进，即利用焊接的方式在市售的方形锂离子电池中上盖组件上直接焊接两个中空构件，然后通过浇注绝缘胶或者设置绝缘胶套的方式确保极柱和中空构件之间保持绝缘。然后在下盖组件上开孔，之后在开口处设置一个密封机构，但是，这种方式需要耗费人力和时间，效率较低。
方式二：可自行组装单体电池，单体电池的上盖组件需要重新制作，即上盖组件上需要一体成型两个中空构件，并通过浇注绝缘胶或者设置绝缘胶套的方式确保极柱和中空构件之间保持绝缘；下盖组件也需重新制作，即在下盖组件上设置密封机构；在一些情况下上盖组件的气体口也需要采用密封机构。
单体电池的其它零部件可与市售方形锂离子电池保持一致，单体电池的组装过程也和市售方形锂离子电池基本相同。
实施例6
如图13所示，本实施例的大容量电池结构与实施例3基本一致，也仅仅只有一个共享腔室，不同之处是：单体电池采用实施例5的结构；共享腔室设置于外壳底部，用于将各单体电池内腔的电解液区连通。由于各单体电池共享电解液，因此本实施例中多个单体电池需要并联设置。
当在电解液作用或外力作用下各单体电池下盖组件上的密封机构56开启，则各单体电池的电解液区与共享腔室连通，继而使得各单体电池处于一个共同电解液体系下，提升了大容量电池性能和循环寿命。
大容量电池的外壳可采用以下三种形式构成：
一、参见图14和图16所示，外壳1包括筒体11、第一盖板12、第二盖板13；筒体11的顶部和底部均为敞口，第一盖板12密封固定(焊接)于筒体11顶部，第二盖板13密封固定(焊接)于筒体11底部；
第一盖板12上设置有2N个第一通孔3，第二盖板13上一体成型有一个共享腔室。
二、参见图14和图15，外壳1包括U形壳体14、第一盖板12、第三盖板15以及第四盖板16；U形壳体14的顶部、前部和后部均为敞口，第一盖板12密封固定(焊接)于 U形壳体14顶部，第三盖板15、第四盖板16分别密封固定(焊接)于U形壳体14的前部和后部。
第一盖板12上设置有2N个第一通孔3，U形壳体14的底部上一体成型有一个共享腔室。
三、参见图14，外壳1包括筒体11、第三盖板15、第四盖板16；筒体11的前部和后部均为敞口，第三盖板15密封固定(焊接)于筒体11前部，第四盖板16密封固定(焊接)于筒体后部；
筒体11的顶部设置有2N个第一通孔3，筒体11底部一体成型有一个共享腔室。
以上三种方式的外壳中，筒体11和U形壳体14可通过焊接的方式拼接而成，也可采用铸造或冲压等方式一体成型，为了便于加工同时确保密封性，通常选择一体成型的方式。
实施例7
如图17所示，本实施例是在实施例6的基础上(可共享电解液)，在外壳顶部增设一个共享腔室4；也就是说本实施例的大容量电池上具有两个共享腔室4。
当单体电池2的上盖组件5中气体口54为密封机构56时，在电解液作用下或是外力作用下密封机构被开启，继而使得单体电池2内腔的气体区和该增设共享腔室连通。
当单体电池2的上盖组件5中气体口54为泄爆部时，该共享腔室覆盖于各单体电池2的泄爆部，以确保单体电池热失控烟气冲破泄爆口后通过该该增设的共享腔室排出。
大容量电池的外壳可采用以下三种形式构成：
一、参见图18，外壳1包括筒体11、第一盖板12、第二盖板13；筒体11的顶部和底部均为敞口，第一盖板12密封固定(焊接)于筒体11顶部，第二盖板13密封固定(焊接)于筒体11底部；
参见图10，第一盖板12上设置有2N个第一通孔3以及一体成型有一个共享腔室，参见图16，第二盖板13上同样一体成型有一个共享腔室。
二、参见图18，外壳1包括U形壳体14、第一盖板12、第三盖板15以及第四盖板16；U形壳体14的顶部、前部和后部均为敞口，第一盖板12密封固定(焊接)于U形壳体14顶部，第三盖板15、第四盖板16分别密封固定(焊接)于U形壳体14的前部和后部。
参见图10，第一盖板12上设置有2N个第一通孔3以及一体成型有一个共享腔室，参见图15，U形壳体14的底部同样一体成型有一个共享腔室。
三、参见图18，外壳1包括筒体11、第三盖板15、第四盖板16；筒体11的前部和 后部均为敞口，第三盖板14密封固定(焊接)于筒体11前部，第四盖板16密封固定(焊接)于筒体后部；
筒体11的顶部设置有2N个第一通孔3以及一体成型有一个共享腔室，筒体11底部同样一体成型有一个共享腔室。
以上三种方式的外壳中，筒体11和U形壳体14可通过焊接的方式拼接而成，也可采用铸造或冲压等方式一体成型，为了便于加工同时确保密封性，通常选择一体成型的方式。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种上盖组件，包括两个极柱及位于两个极柱之间的气体口；其特征在于，还包括盖板本体以及设置于盖板本体上的两个中空构件；
    中空构件的两端均为敞口；
    两个极柱均与盖板本体保持绝缘，并且穿设于各自对应的中空构件，且极柱和中空构件之间保持绝缘。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种上盖组件，其特征在于，所述中空构件一体成型于盖板本体上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种上盖组件，其特征在于，极柱上开设有用于装夹传热管的通槽。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种上盖组件，其特征在于，所述中空构件远离盖板本体的一部分可折弯，用于和大容量电池外壳上第一通孔的周边区域焊接密封。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种上盖组件，其特征在于，所述中空构件侧壁上设置有缓冲形变槽。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种上盖组件，其特征在于，所述极柱的外表面刻设有滚花。
  7. 一种单体电池，包括筒体、上盖组件、下盖组件以及电极组件；其特征在于,所述上盖组件采用权利要求1-6任一项所述的上盖组件。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种单体电池，其特征在于，下盖组件上设有密封机构，该密封机构在电解液作用或外力作用下能够被打开。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的一种单体电池，其特征在于，上盖组件中气体口为泄爆部。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的一种单体电池，其特征在于，上盖组件中气体口为密封机构，该密封机构在电解液作用或外力作用下能够被打开。
  11. 一种大容量电池，其特征在于：包括外壳以及多个如权利要求7所述的单体电池；多个单体电池并排设置，且整体设置于外壳内部；所述外壳顶部设置有一个共享腔室；
    单体电池上中空构件的远离盖板本体的部分与外壳上第一通孔对应的区域密封连接；单体电池的极柱伸出所述外壳。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种大容量电池，其特征在于，所述单体电池上的气体口为通孔，所述共享腔室一体成型于所述外壳顶部，共享腔室通过各单体电池的通孔与各 单体电池的气体区连通。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的一种大容量电池，其特征在于，所述单体电池上的气体口为泄爆部，所述共享腔室一体成型于所述外壳顶部，所述共享腔室覆盖于各单体电池的泄爆部，以确保单体电池热失控烟气冲破泄爆部后通过该气体腔室排出。
  14. 一种大容量电池，其特征在于：包括外壳以及多个如权利要求8所述的单体电池；多个单体电池并排设置，且整体设置于外壳内部；所述外壳底部设置有一个共享腔室，用于将各单体电池电解液区连通；
    单体电池上中空构件的远离盖板本体的部分与外壳上第一通孔对应的区域密封连接；单体电池的极柱伸出所述外壳。
  15. 一种大容量电池，其特征在于：包括外壳以及多个如权利要求8所述的单体电池；多个单体电池并排设置，且整体设置于外壳内部；所述单体电池的气体口为通孔；
    所述外壳上设置有两个共享腔室，其中一个共享腔室一体成型于外壳底部，用于将各单体电池内腔的电解液区连通；另一个共享腔室一体成型于外壳顶部，用于将各单体电池内腔的气体区连通；
    单体电池上中空构件的远离盖板本体的部分与外壳上第一通孔对应的区域密封连接；单体电池的极柱伸出所述外壳。
  16. 一种大容量电池，其特征在于：包括外壳以及多个如权利要求8所述的单体电池；多个单体电池并排设置，且整体设置于外壳内部；所述单体电池上的气体口为泄爆部，
    所述外壳上设置有两个共享腔室，其中一个共享腔室一体成型于外壳底部，用于将各单体电池内腔的电解液区连通；另一个共享腔室一体成型于外壳顶部，且覆盖于各单体电池的泄爆部，以确保单体电池热失控烟气冲破泄爆部后通过该共享腔室排出；
    单体电池上中空构件的远离盖板本体的部分与外壳上第一通孔对应的区域密封连接；单体电池的极柱伸出所述外壳。
  17. 根据权利要求11-16任一项所述的一种大容量电池，其特征在于，所述各单体电池上具有同一极性的极柱上装夹有传热管。
PCT/CN2024/096991 2023-06-06 2024-06-03 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池 Ceased WO2024251066A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310662887.XA CN117673633B (zh) 2023-06-06 2023-06-06 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池
CN202310662887.X 2023-06-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024251066A1 true WO2024251066A1 (zh) 2024-12-12

Family

ID=90065079

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2024/096991 Ceased WO2024251066A1 (zh) 2023-06-06 2024-06-03 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117673633B (zh)
WO (1) WO2024251066A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117673633B (zh) * 2023-06-06 2025-08-22 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池
EP4726890A1 (en) * 2023-06-06 2026-04-15 D-Aus Energy Storage Technology (Xi'an) Co., Ltd High-capacity battery, battery cell, sealing connector, and upper cover assembly

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2422729Y (zh) * 2000-05-31 2001-03-07 威稷股份有限公司 电池组结构
JP2018073560A (ja) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-10 三洋電機株式会社 電源装置及びこれを用いる車両並びに蓄電装置
CN210668441U (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-06-02 郭小娇 一种新型动力和储能电池顶盖结构
CN217691397U (zh) * 2022-07-04 2022-10-28 三一集团有限公司 盖板及电池
CN115411422A (zh) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-29 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种电芯壳体、电芯及大容量电池
CN117477188A (zh) * 2023-06-06 2024-01-30 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种密封连接件及大容量电池
CN117673633A (zh) * 2023-06-06 2024-03-08 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101209109B1 (ko) * 2010-08-11 2012-12-06 세방전지(주) 축전지용 극주 실링 장치 및 그 방법
CN218005049U (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-12-09 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 盖板组件、电池、电池包及用电设备
CN115603008A (zh) * 2022-09-14 2023-01-13 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司（Cn） 一种极柱、上盖组件、单体电池及电池组
CN115621653A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2023-01-17 吴军 一种锂电池模组
CN116111201B (zh) * 2023-04-11 2023-09-08 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种大容量电池及该大容量电池的制作方法
CN220585411U (zh) * 2023-06-06 2024-03-12 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2422729Y (zh) * 2000-05-31 2001-03-07 威稷股份有限公司 电池组结构
JP2018073560A (ja) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-10 三洋電機株式会社 電源装置及びこれを用いる車両並びに蓄電装置
CN210668441U (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-06-02 郭小娇 一种新型动力和储能电池顶盖结构
CN217691397U (zh) * 2022-07-04 2022-10-28 三一集团有限公司 盖板及电池
CN115411422A (zh) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-29 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种电芯壳体、电芯及大容量电池
CN117477188A (zh) * 2023-06-06 2024-01-30 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种密封连接件及大容量电池
CN117673633A (zh) * 2023-06-06 2024-03-08 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN117673633B (zh) 2025-08-22
CN117673633A (zh) 2024-03-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP3242085U (ja) セル及び電池
CN112510326A (zh) 一种单体电池
WO2024251067A1 (zh) 一种密封连接件及大容量电池
CN113314760B (zh) 电芯的制造方法及电芯
CN116111201A (zh) 一种大容量电池及该大容量电池的制作方法
CN117673633B (zh) 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池
WO2024255630A1 (zh) 一种端板以及具有该端板的外壳及大容量电池
WO2024259825A1 (zh) 电池极柱、电池顶盖及电芯
WO2024251065A1 (zh) 一种大容量电池的制备工艺
CN117673590B (zh) 一种大容量电池
CN117117441B (zh) 电池单体和电池包
CN214043810U (zh) 一种盖板及单体电池
CN218887332U (zh) 一种电池及电池包
CN220585411U (zh) 一种上盖组件、单体电池及大容量电池
CN213845368U (zh) 一种卷绕电池及电池外壳
CN221041293U (zh) 一种大容量电池及单体电池
CN220585340U (zh) 一种上盖组件及单体电池
CN220306446U (zh) 电芯及包含其的电池模组
CN220797038U (zh) 一种大容量电池及外壳
WO2024251072A1 (zh) 大容量电池、盖板、外壳、筒体组件、筒体、弹性支撑件、底部支撑件与大容量电池的制备工艺
CN115332741A (zh) 一种蓄电池
CN118659087A (zh) 大容量电池的制作方法、电池单体及大容量电池
CN117673683A (zh) 一种盖板以及具有该盖板的大容量电池
WO2024251071A1 (zh) 一种大容量电池、单体电池、密封连接件及上盖组件
CN219286538U (zh) 电芯、电池模组及车辆

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24818598

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE