WO2024257719A1 - 電極形成用組成物および添加剤 - Google Patents
電極形成用組成物および添加剤 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition and additive for forming an electrode.
- Lithium-ion secondary batteries have a high energy density per unit weight and volume, which contributes to making electronic devices smaller and lighter.
- the spread of electric vehicles has accelerated as part of efforts toward zero-emission automobiles, and there is a demand for even lower resistance, longer life, higher capacity, safety, and lower cost.
- Lithium-ion batteries generally have a three-layer structure of a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode, which contains an electrolyte.
- the positive and negative electrodes are manufactured, for example, by coating a current collector with an electrode slurry made by mixing an active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the mainstream method for manufacturing negative electrodes is to coat the negative electrode slurry on copper foil, which serves as the current collector, and then dry it.
- the mainstream method for manufacturing positive electrodes is to prepare a positive electrode slurry using an organic solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone as the solvent, and then coat it on aluminum foil, which serves as the current collector.
- Inorganic compounds such as transition metal oxides and transition metal chalcogens that contain alkali metals are known as positive electrode active materials for lithium-ion secondary batteries that can obtain a battery voltage of around 4 V.
- highly alkaline positive electrode active materials that contain large amounts of nickel and manganese are used to obtain high-capacity lithium-ion secondary batteries.
- high-nickel positive electrode active materials such as Li x NiO 2 have a high discharge capacity and are attractive positive electrode materials, but alkaline components such as LiOH, Li 2 O, LiHCO 3 , and Li 2 CO 3 are present on the surface, which are generated through proton exchange reactions with raw material residues or moisture, and through reactions with moisture and carbon dioxide in the air.
- the electrode slurry When such positive electrode active materials are used, the electrode slurry will thicken or gel, causing it to gradually lose fluidity. When the electrode slurry loses fluidity, not only does it become difficult to achieve a uniform coating thickness, but in some cases, coating may not be possible, resulting in waste of material.
- the main cause of this is thought to be that, in the process of manufacturing the positive electrode, the alkaline components present on the surface of the positive electrode active material, in the presence of trace amounts of moisture, promote the dehydrofluorination reaction of the fluorine-based binder, such as PVdF, which has a vinylidene fluoride structure and is used as a binder.
- the fluorine-based binder such as PVdF
- the alkaline components corrode the aluminum foil that is generally used as the current collector for the positive electrode, thereby increasing the resistance of the battery.
- the alkaline components also react with the electrolyte inside the battery, increasing the resistance of the battery and potentially shortening its lifespan.
- the thickening and gelling mentioned above can be suppressed by handling the raw materials and electrode slurry in a dry environment and controlling the water content, but the entire mass production process from preparing the electrode slurry to manufacturing the battery requires large-scale equipment, and the use of large amounts of electricity leads to increased costs and increased environmental impact, which can be problematic.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for suppressing gelation of an electrode slurry by preparing the electrode slurry (positive electrode material slurry) so that it does not become strongly alkaline even when dispersed in water.
- preparing an electrode slurry so that it does not become strongly alkaline using the method described in Patent Document 1 not only requires strict pH control, but also requires a process in which the positive electrode active material is dispersed in water once, filtered from the dispersion to extract the positive electrode active material, and then dried. This results in cumbersome work and reduced yields.
- the above-mentioned process may cause a decrease in the performance of the positive electrode active material itself.
- Patent Document 2 reports a technology that uses a compound such as polyethylene oxide with an ultra-high molecular weight (weight average molecular weight of 2.2 million or more) to bind water through interaction with water (e.g., hydrogen bonding), thereby suppressing the reaction between the alkaline component of the positive electrode active material and water, thereby suppressing thickening and gelation.
- ultra-high molecular weight polymers with a strong thickening effect have handling problems, such as the time and cost required for uniform dissolution processing in a solvent, and the difficulty of making a high-concentration solution.
- the above-mentioned ultra-high molecular weight polymers have a high ability to bind water, there is a concern that the polymer itself may bring in water, and to prevent this, strict management of prior drying is required.
- Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 propose adding an organic acid or inorganic acid to the positive electrode of a lithium-ion secondary battery to suppress gelation of the electrode slurry (positive electrode mixture slurry).
- maleic acid, citraconic acid, and malonic acid are used in the positive electrode mixture
- Patent Document 4 acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. are used in the electrode slurry (positive electrode paste).
- neutralizing the alkali with an acid requires the addition of a large amount of acid, which may result in a decrease in the energy density of the battery and an increase in the battery resistance.
- the acid corrodes the device used to manufacture the electrodes.
- Patent Document 5 reports a method in which the positive electrode active material is treated with fluorine gas and the remaining LiOH is fixed as LiF, thereby preventing gelation and suppressing gas generation.
- fluorine gas is highly toxic and difficult to handle, and LiF produced as a by-product increases the internal resistance of the battery, reducing capacity, and capacity also decreases due to corrosion of the positive electrode active material by fluorine gas.
- the residual fluorine reacts with traces of moisture present in the active material and electrolyte to produce hydrogen fluoride, which is prone to cycle deterioration.
- Patent Document 6 reports that unreacted lithium hydroxide and impurities derived from the raw materials can be removed by washing with an aqueous solution containing a lithium salt.
- this method such as the increased environmental burden caused by the wastewater generated during washing and the costs associated with treating the wastewater.
- the present invention aims to provide an electrode-forming composition that can suppress thickening and gelling of electrode slurries using a simple method, thereby improving storage stability, increasing the solids concentration, and suppressing battery deterioration, as well as an additive that is effective in suppressing gelling of electrode-forming compositions.
- the inventors have conducted extensive research to achieve the above object, and have found that by adding a specific heterocycle-containing compound having a five- or six-membered heterocycle and containing two or more bonds selected from the group consisting of amide bonds and sulfide bonds in the heterocycle to an electrode-forming composition containing at least a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent, thickening and gelling of the composition can be suppressed and storage stability can be improved. Furthermore, an electrode produced using the electrode-forming composition of the present invention can suppress deterioration in a battery caused by alkaline components and can also improve battery characteristics.
- the present invention provides the following electrode-forming composition and additives.
- An electrode-forming composition comprising a heterocycle-containing compound, a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent, The electrode-forming composition, wherein the heterocycle-containing compound has a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle and contains two or more bonds selected from the group consisting of amide bonds and sulfide bonds within the heterocycle. 2.
- R a to R d each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- R a and R b may be bonded to each other to form a ring having 4 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- Each L is independently a single bond, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond;
- X a and X b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a
- R a to R d are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a methyl group, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and R a and R b are bonded to each other to form a ring having 5 to 8 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the electrode-forming composition according to 8, wherein the dispersant is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylonitrile.
- R a to R d each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- R a and R b may be bonded to each other to form a ring having 4 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- Each L is independently a single bond, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond;
- Additive 11 is a gelation inhibitor.
- R a to R d each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- R a and R b may be bonded to each other to form a ring having 4 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- Each L is independently a single bond, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond;
- X a and X b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an aryl group having 6
- the electrode-forming composition of the present invention is resistant to thickening and gelling and has high storage stability, making it suitable for use in forming positive electrodes for energy storage devices.
- an energy storage device is manufactured with an electrode made using this composition, it is expected to provide benefits such as improved quality and yield due to the improved storage stability of the composition, reduced costs and reduced environmental impact due to a high concentration of solids, and suppression of deterioration within the battery caused by alkaline components, which can contribute to reducing the manufacturing costs of energy storage devices and improving battery characteristics.
- a protective film is formed on the surface of the alkaline component by adding a specific heterocycle-containing compound to the electrode-forming composition.
- This protective film suppresses the reaction between the alkaline component and the binder, especially the fluorine-based binder, and as a result, it is possible to suppress the thickening and gelling of the composition, and it is believed that the storage stability is improved.
- the electrode-forming composition of the present invention is a composition for forming an electrode that contains a heterocycle-containing compound, a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent, and the heterocycle-containing compound has a five- or six-membered heterocycle and contains two or more bonds selected from the group consisting of amide bonds and sulfide bonds within the heterocycle.
- the heterocyclic compound is preferably a heterocyclic compound represented by any one of the following formulas (1) to (5).
- R a to R d each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- R a and R b may be bonded to each other to form a ring having 4 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- Each L is independently a single bond, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond;
- X a and X b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an aryl group having 6
- the above formulas (1) to (5) may be structural isomers when L is a single bond and at least one of R a to R d is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, or when at least one of X a and X b is a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, or a sodium atom.
- the isomers of the heterocycle-containing compound represented by formula (1) include the heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (1-A) to (1-B), the isomers of the heterocycle-containing compound represented by formula (2) include the heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (2-A) to (2-D), the isomers of the heterocycle-containing compound represented by formula (3) include the heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (3-A) to (3-D), the isomers of the heterocycle-containing compound represented by formula (4) include the heterocycle-containing compound represented by formula (4-A), and the isomers of the heterocycle-containing compound represented by formula (5) include the heterocycle-containing compound represented by formula (5-A).
- R a to R d is a hydroxy group or a thiol group, it is possible to form a structural isomer by converting it into a ketone group or a thioketone group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, represented by R a to R d, may be any of linear, branched, and cyclic, and specific examples thereof include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an s-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, and an n-hexyl group; and cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R a to R d include an ethenyl group, an n-1-propenyl group, an n-2-propenyl group, a 1-methylethenyl group, an n-1-butenyl group, an n-2-butenyl group, an n-3-butenyl group, a 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, a 2-methyl-2-propenyl group, a 1-ethylethenyl group, a 1-methyl-1-propenyl group, a 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, and an n-1-pentenyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R a to R d include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, and a 2-naphthyl group.
- examples of the ring having 4 to 12 carbon atoms formed by bonding together of R a and R b include a cyclopentane ring, a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a triazole ring, a pyridine ring, and a pyrazine ring.
- the R a to R d may have a substituent.
- the substituent include a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an aldehyde group, an ester group, a ketone group, an amino group, a phenyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, a carboxylic acid chloride group, and a thiol group.
- the alkoxysilyl group include a trimethoxysilyl group, a dimethoxymethylsilyl group, a methoxydimethylsilyl group, a triethoxysilyl group, a diethoxymethylsilyl group, and an ethoxydimethylsilyl group.
- a carboxy group is preferred.
- the number of the substituents is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3.
- R a to R d are a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a methyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and in formulas (1), (4), and (5), a ring having 5 to 8 carbon atoms which may have a substituent formed by bonding together of R a and R b .
- R a to R d a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, a methyl group, and in formulas (1), (4), and (5), a ring having 5 to 8 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and which is formed by bonding R a and R b to each other is more preferable.
- R a to R d a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, and in formulas (1), (4), and (5), a ring having 5 to 8 carbon atoms which may have a substituent and which is formed by bonding R a and R b to each other is even more preferable.
- L is preferably a single bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond, and more preferably a single bond.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by Xa and Xb may be any of linear, branched, and cyclic, and specific examples thereof include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an s-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, and an n-hexyl group; and cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms represented by Xa and Xb include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, and a 2-naphthyl group.
- the Xa and Xb may have a substituent.
- substituents include a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an aldehyde group, an ester group, a ketone group, an amino group, a phenyl group, a halogen atom, an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, a carboxylic acid chloride group, and a thiol group.
- alkoxysilyl group include a trimethoxysilyl group, a dimethoxymethylsilyl group, a methoxydimethylsilyl group, a triethoxysilyl group, a diethoxymethylsilyl group, and an ethoxydimethylsilyl group.
- a carboxy group and an alkoxysilyl group are preferred, and a carboxy group and a trimethoxysilyl group are more preferred.
- the Xa and Xd have a substituent, the number of the substituents is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 3.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, represented by R e may be any of linear, branched, and cyclic, and specific examples thereof include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a cyclopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an s-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, and an n-decyl group; and cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohe
- Examples of the alkanol group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R e include a hydroxymethyl group, a hydroxyethyl group, a hydroxypropyl group, a hydroxybutyl group, a hydroxypentyl group, a hydroxyhexyl group, a hydroxyoctyl group, a hydroxynonyl group, and a hydroxydecyl group.
- Examples of the alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R e include ethenyl group, n-1-propenyl group, n-2-propenyl group, 1-methylethenyl group, n-1-butenyl group, n-2-butenyl group, n-3-butenyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, 2-methyl-2-propenyl group, 1-ethylethenyl group, 1-methyl-1-propenyl group, 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, n-1-pentenyl group, and n-1-decenyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R e include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, and a 2-naphthyl group.
- X a and X b are preferably a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and --CH 2 NR e 2 .
- a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and --CH 2 NR e 2 are more preferable.
- a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms and --CH 2 NR e 2 are even more preferable.
- a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group and --CH 2 NR e 2 are particularly preferable.
- a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom and a sodium atom are more preferable.
- a hydrogen atom is most preferable.
- R e is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or a phenyl group.
- heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the above formulas (1) to (5) are preferably heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (1a) to (5a).
- heterocycle-containing compound is preferably a heterocycle-containing compound represented by the following formulae (1b) to (5b).
- heterocycle-containing compound represented by the above formula (1) include the heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (1-1) to (1-12).
- heterocycle-containing compound represented by the above formula (2) include the heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (2-1) to (2-11).
- heterocycle-containing compound represented by the above formula (3) include the heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (3-1) to (3-11).
- heterocycle-containing compound represented by the above formula (4) include the heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (4-1) to (4-9).
- heterocycle-containing compound represented by the above formula (5) include the heterocycle-containing compounds represented by the following formulas (5-1) to (5-11).
- the content of the heterocycle-containing compound is preferably 0.001 to 4 mass% of the solid content, more preferably 0.001 to 2 mass%, even more preferably 0.001 to 0.5 mass%, even more preferably 0.001 to 0.3 mass%, and particularly preferably 0.001 to 0.2 mass%.
- An even more preferable lower limit of the content of the heterocycle-containing compound is 0.01 mass% of the solid content.
- the positive electrode active material preferably contains 30% by mass or more of S, Fe or Ni, because it improves the battery capacity, uses less rare metals, and is low cost.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 65% by mass or less.
- a material that satisfies the above conditions can be appropriately selected from various active materials that have been used in electrodes for energy storage devices such as secondary batteries.
- chalcogen compounds or lithium ion-containing chalcogen compounds that can adsorb and release lithium ions, polyanion compounds, sulfur alone and compounds thereof, etc. can be used.
- lithium ion-containing chalcogen compound examples include LiNiO2 , LixNiyM1 -yO2 ( M represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ti, Cr, V, Al, Sn, Pb, and Zn , and 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.10 and 0.3 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.0), LiaNi(1-xy)CoxM1yM2zXwO2 ( M1 represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mn and Al, M 2 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Mg, B, Zr, W, and V, and examples thereof include 1.00 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.50, 0.00 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.50, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50, 0.000 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.020, and 0.000 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.020).
- Examples of polyanion compounds include LiFePO4 , LiaMnbFecDdPO4 ( 1.00 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.15, 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.99, 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.99, 0.00 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.10, D is selected from Co, Mn, Ti, Cr, V, Al, Sn, Pb, and Zn, and at least a part of the compound has an olivine structure).
- Examples of sulfur compounds include sulfur, Li2S , FeS2 , TiS2 , MoS2 , and rubeanic acid. These positive electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- LiaNi (1 - xy) CoxM1yM2zXwO2 ( M1 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn and Al , M2 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti , Mg , W and V, and 1.00 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.50, 0.00 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.50, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50, 0.000 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.020, 0.000 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.020) is preferred.
- These active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the positive electrode active material is preferably 88.0 to 99.949% by mass, more preferably 88.0 to 99.899% by mass, and even more preferably 95.0 to 99.0% by mass, based on the solid content.
- the binder can be appropriately selected from known materials and is not particularly limited. Specific examples include fluorine-based binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polytetrafluoroethylene; copolymers containing at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene, and non-aqueous binders such as polyimide, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- copolymers containing at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene and non-aqueous binders such as polyimide, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, styrene-butad
- the fluorine-based binder is modified with a polar functional group such as a carboxy group or a hydroxyl group.
- the polar functional group can be confirmed by the presence or absence of a clear peak detected in the range of 10 to 15 ppm in measurement by a nuclear magnetic resonance device (NMR device).
- NMR device nuclear magnetic resonance device
- the binders can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the binder is usually about 600,000 to 3,000,000, preferably 700,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 700,000 to 1,500,000, from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode layer.
- the weight average molecular weight is a polystyrene-equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the content of the binder is preferably 0.05 to 8 mass% of the solid content, more preferably 0.05 to 5 mass%, even more preferably 0.05 to 4 mass%, even more preferably 0.1 to 3 mass%, particularly preferably 0.2 to 2 mass%, and most preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mass%.
- the electrode-forming composition of the present invention may further contain a conductive assistant to improve electrical conductivity.
- a conductive assistant include carbon materials such as graphite, carbon black, acetylene black (AB), vapor-grown carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon nanohorns, and graphene, and conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyacetylene, and polyacene.
- the conductive assistants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive assistant When the conductive assistant is included, its content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 5 mass% of the solid content, more preferably 0.05 to 4 mass%, even more preferably 0.1 to 3 mass%, and even more preferably 0.2 to 2 mass%. By keeping the content of the conductive assistant within the above range, good electrical conductivity can be obtained.
- the electrode-forming composition of the present invention may further contain a dispersant to improve the dispersibility of the active material and conductive assistant.
- the dispersant may be appropriately selected from those conventionally used as dispersants for conductive carbon materials such as CNT, but it is preferable to contain a nonionic polymer from the viewpoint of stability in the battery.
- the nonionic polymer include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polymers having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a nitrile group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, an amino group, a sulfonyl group, and an ether group.
- polymer examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polylactic acid, polyester, polyimide, polyphenyl ether, polyphenyl sulfone, polyethyleneimine, polyaniline, and the like.
- a polymer containing a pyrrolidone structure or a nitrile group is preferable, and polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylonitrile are more preferable.
- the dispersants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the dispersant When the dispersant is contained, its content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 to 0.5 mass % of the solid content, more preferably 0.001 to 0.3 mass %, and even more preferably 0.001 to 0.2 mass %. An even more preferable lower limit of the content of the dispersant is 0.01 mass % of the solid content.
- the total amount of the heterocycle-containing compound and the dispersant is preferably 0.001 to 1 mass % of the solid content, and more preferably 0.01 to 1 mass %.
- the electrode-forming composition of the present invention contains a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is one that has been conventionally used in the preparation of electrode-forming compositions, and examples of the solvent include water; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME); halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP); ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butanol.
- the solvent examples include alcohols; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-heptane, n-hexane, and cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether; glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate; and organic solvents such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dioxolane, and sulfolane. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-heptane, n-hexane, and cyclo
- the binder may be dissolved or dispersed in these solvents before use.
- Suitable solvents in this case include water, NMP, DMSO, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, THF, dioxolane, sulfolane, DMF, DMAc, and the like.
- the solvent may be appropriately selected depending on the type of binder.
- a water-insoluble binder such as PVdF
- NMP is suitable
- water is suitable.
- the solids concentration of the electrode-forming composition of the present invention is set appropriately taking into consideration the coatability of the composition and the thickness of the electrode to be formed, but is usually about 60 to 92% by mass, preferably about 65 to 90% by mass, and more preferably about 70 to 85% by mass.
- the viscosity of the electrode-forming composition of the present invention is set appropriately taking into consideration the coating method, the thickness of the electrode to be formed, etc., but is usually about 100 to 2,000,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably about 300 to 1,000,000 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably about 400 to 800,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the above viscosity is a value measured at 25°C using an E-type viscometer.
- the electrode-forming composition of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the above-mentioned components.
- the composition contains optional components other than the additive (heterocycle-containing compound), positive electrode active material, and binder of the present invention
- the additive and positive electrode active material may be mixed together with the optional components, or both components may be mixed in advance and then mixed with the optional components. Either method can produce the effects of the present invention.
- the electrode of the present invention comprises an electrode layer made of the above-described electrode-forming composition on at least one surface of a substrate serving as a current collector.
- the method of forming the electrode layer on the substrate includes a method of applying the prepared electrode-forming composition on the substrate to form a coating film, and then drying the coating film. This method is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known methods can be used. Specific examples of the coating method include various printing methods such as offset printing and screen printing, blade coating, dip coating, spin coating, bar coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, and die coating.
- the temperature is preferably about 50 to 400°C, and more preferably about 70 to 150°C.
- Substrates used for the above electrodes include, for example, metal substrates such as platinum, gold, iron, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and lithium; alloy substrates made of any combination of these metals; oxide substrates such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and antimony tin oxide (ATO); and carbon substrates such as glassy carbon, pyrolytic graphite, and carbon felt.
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but in the present invention, it is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 30 ⁇ m, and most preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the electrode layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.01 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 5 to 300 ⁇ m. If the electrode layer is used as an electrode alone, it is preferable that the thickness be 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the electrodes may be pressed as necessary. Any commonly used pressing method may be used, but mold pressing and roll pressing are particularly preferred.
- the pressing pressure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 kN/cm or more, more preferably 2 kN/cm or more, and more preferably 5 kN/cm or more.
- the upper limit of the pressing pressure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 kN/cm or less.
- the secondary battery of the present invention is equipped with the electrodes described above, and more specifically, is configured with at least a pair of positive and negative electrodes, a separator interposed between the electrodes, and an electrolyte, with the positive electrode being configured with the electrode described above.
- the other components of the battery element may be appropriately selected from conventionally known components.
- Materials used for the separator include, for example, glass fiber, cellulose, porous polyolefin, polyamide, polyester, etc.
- the electrolyte may be either liquid or solid, and may be either aqueous or non-aqueous, but from the viewpoint of easily achieving sufficient performance for practical use, an electrolyte solution composed of an electrolyte salt and a solvent, etc., may be preferably used.
- Examples of the electrolyte salt include lithium salts such as LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiN( SO2F ) 2 , LiN( C2F5SO2 ) 2 , LiAsF6, LiSbF6 , LiAlF4 , LiGaF4 , LiInF4 , LiClO4 , LiN ( CF3SO2 ) 2 , LiCF3SO3 , LiSiF6 , LiN ( CF3SO2 ), ( C4F9SO2 ) , and the like ;
- Examples of the electrolyte salt include metal iodides such as LiBr, NaBr, KBr, CsBr, CaBr, etc.
- electrolyte salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- non-aqueous solvents include cyclic esters such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane; chain esters such as methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate; and nitriles such as acetonitrile.
- cyclic esters such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane
- chain esters such as methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate
- nitriles such as acetonitrile.
- solid electrolyte inorganic solid electrolytes such as sulfide-based solid electrolytes and oxide-based solid electrolytes, and organic solid electrolytes such as polymer-based electrolytes can be suitably used. By using these solid electrolytes, it is possible to obtain an all-solid-state battery that does not use an electrolytic solution.
- Examples of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte include thiolithium-based materials such as Li2S - SiS2 -lithium compound (wherein the lithium compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li3PO4 , LiI and Li4SiO4 ) , Li2S - P2O5 , Li2S - B2S5 , and Li2S - P2S5 - GeS2 .
- Li2S - SiS2 -lithium compound wherein the lithium compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li3PO4 , LiI and Li4SiO4 ) , Li2S - P2O5 , Li2S - B2S5 , and Li2S - P2S5 - GeS2 .
- polymer solid electrolyte examples include polyethylene oxide materials and polymer compounds obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing monomers such as hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, ethylene, propylene, acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, and vinylidene fluoride.
- the polymer solid electrolyte may contain a supporting salt and a plasticizer.
- the supporting salt contained in the polymer solid electrolyte may be lithium (fluorosulfonylimide), and the plasticizer may be succinonitrile.
- Batteries manufactured using the electrode-forming composition of the present invention have high battery characteristics even though they contain less fluorine binder compared to general secondary batteries.
- the type of secondary battery and the type of electrolyte are not particularly limited, and any type of battery such as a lithium ion battery, nickel hydrogen battery, manganese battery, or air battery may be used, but a lithium ion battery is preferred. There are also no particular limitations on the lamination method or production method.
- the electrode of the present invention described above can be punched out into a specified disk shape and used.
- a lithium-ion secondary battery can be produced by placing one electrode on the lid of a coin cell to which a washer and spacer are welded, placing a separator of the same shape impregnated with an electrolyte on top of that, placing the electrode of the present invention on top with the electrode layer facing down, placing a case and gasket on top, and sealing with a coin cell crimping machine.
- the present invention also provides an additive for an electrode-forming composition containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent, the additive being composed of a heterocycle-containing compound represented by any one of the following formulas (1) to (5).
- the additive can be suitably used as a gelation inhibitor for an electrode-forming composition containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent.
- R a to R d each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- R a and R b may be bonded to each other to form a ring having 4 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- Each L is independently a single bond, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond;
- X a and X b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an aryl group having 6
- the positive electrode active material, binder, and solvent of the electrode-forming composition are also the same as those described above.
- the present invention provides an additive solution for an electrode-forming composition containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a solvent, the additive solution being composed of an additive composed of a heterocycle-containing compound represented by any one of the following formulas (1) to (5) and a solvent.
- the additive solution of the present invention it becomes easier to mix the additive into the electrode-forming composition.
- R a to R d each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, an amino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- R a and R b may be bonded to each other to form a ring having 4 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent;
- Each L is independently a single bond, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond;
- X a and X b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lithium atom, a sodium atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an aryl group having 6
- the additive solution is preferably one in which the heterocycle-containing compound represented by any one of formulas (1) to (5) is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, and more preferably one in which the heterocycle-containing compound is dissolved in a solvent.
- Usable solvents include those exemplified in the description of the electrode-forming composition.
- NMP propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate are particularly suitable.
- the positive electrode active material and binder of the electrode-forming composition are also the same as those described above.
- the solids concentration of the additive solution of the present invention is set appropriately taking into consideration the saturation solubility in the solvent and storage stability, but is usually about 1 to 60 mass%, preferably about 3 to 55 mass%, and more preferably about 3 to 50 mass%.
- Rotation and revolution type mixer Thinky Mixer, atmospheric pressure type ARE-310
- Dry hole manufactured by Nihon Spindle Mfg. Co., Ltd.
- E-type viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., VISCOMETER TV-22, measurement temperature: 25° C., rotor: 1°34′ ⁇ R24. The viscosity was measured 5 minutes after the start of measurement.
- NCA Lithium nickel oxide (LiNi 0.88 Co 0.11 Al 0.01 O 2 , NCA-034H, Ni ratio: 55% by mass), manufactured by Ecopro Corporation
- Solef-5130 Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), manufactured by SOLVAY
- AB Denka Black (registered trademark) Li100 (high purity acetylene black), manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd.
- NMP Nippon Refine Co., Ltd.
- A2 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- A3 Phthalic Hydrazide, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- A4 Maleic Hydrazide, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- A5 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- a1 Oxalic acid, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. a2: Piperonylic Acid, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. a3: 8-Quinolinol, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. a4: Anthranil, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. a5: Phthalazone, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. a6: Pyridine, manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
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Abstract
Description
1. ヘテロ環含有化合物、正極活物質、バインダーおよび溶媒を含む電極形成用組成物であって、
上記ヘテロ環含有化合物が、5員環または6員環のヘテロ環を有し、該ヘテロ環内にアミド結合およびスルフィド結合からなる群より選ばれる結合を2つ以上含むものである電極形成用組成物。
2. 上記ヘテロ環含有化合物が、下記式(1)~(5)のいずれかで表されるヘテロ環含有化合物である1の電極形成用組成物。
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。)
3. 上記Ra~Rdが、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ヒドロキシ基、チオール基、メチル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基、ならびに、RaおよびRbが、互いに結合して形成される、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数5~8の環である2の電極形成用組成物。
4. 上記Ra~Rd、XaおよびXbが有する置換基が、カルボキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、アルデヒド基、エステル基、ケトン基、アミノ基、フェニル基、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシシリル基、エポキシ基、カルボン酸クロリド基およびチオール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である2または3の電極形成用組成物。
5. 上記XaおよびXbが、水素原子、リチウム原子またはナトリウム原子である2~4のいずれかの電極形成用組成物。
6. さらに、導電助剤を含む1~5のいずれかの電極形成用組成物。
7. 上記正極活物質が、S、FeまたはNiを30質量%以上含むものである1~6のいずれかの電極形成用組成物。
8. さらに、分散剤を含み、その分散剤が、ピロリドン構造またはニトリル基を含むポリマーである1~7のいずれかの電極形成用組成物。
9. 上記分散剤が、ポリビニルピロリドンおよびポリアクリロニトリルからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である8の電極形成用組成物。
10. 上記ヘテロ環含有化合物の含有量が、固形分中0.001~0.5質量%である1~9のいずれかの電極形成用組成物。
11. 正極活物質、バインダーおよび溶媒を含む電極形成用組成物用の添加剤であって、下記式(1)~(5)のいずれかで表されるヘテロ環含有化合物からなる添加剤。
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。)
12. ゲル化抑制剤である11の添加剤。
13. 正極活物質、バインダーおよび溶媒を含む電極形成用組成物用の添加剤溶液であって、下記式(1)~(5)のいずれかで表されるヘテロ環含有化合物からなる添加剤および溶媒からなる添加剤溶液。
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。)
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。)
ポリアニオン系化合物としては、例えば、LiFePO4、LiaMnbFecDdPO4(1.00≦a≦1.15、0.01≦b≦0.99、0.01≦c≦0.99、0.00≦d≦0.10であり、Dが、Co、Mn、Ti、Cr、V、Al、Sn、Pb、およびZnから選ばれ、少なくとも一部がオリビン構造を有する)等が挙げられる。
硫黄化合物としては、例えば、硫黄、Li2S、FeS2、TiS2、MoS2、ルベアン酸等が挙げられる。
これらの正極活物質は、1種を単独で、または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
なお、重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によるポリスチレン換算値である。
また、得られる電極層と集電体との密着性を考慮すると、上記ヘテロ環含有化合物と上記分散剤との総量が、固形分中0.001~1質量%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.01~1質量%である。
この場合の好適な溶媒としては、水、NMP、DMSO、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、γ-ブチロラクトン、THF、ジオキソラン、スルホラン、DMF、DMAc等が挙げられ、バインダーの種類に応じて適宜選択すればよいが、PVdF等の非水溶性のバインダーの場合はNMPが好適であり、水溶性のバインダーの場合は水が好適である。
電極層を基板上に形成する方法としては、調製した電極形成用組成物を基板上に塗工して塗膜を形成した後、これを乾燥する方法が挙げられる。この方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知の各種方法を用いることができる。塗工法の具体例としては、オフセット印刷、スクリーン印刷等の各種印刷法、ブレードコート法、ディップコート法、スピンコート法、バーコート法、スリットコート法、インクジェット法、ダイコート法等が挙げられる。
上記高分子系固体電解質としては、ポリエチレンオキシド系材料や、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、テトラフルオロエチレン、トリフルオロエチレン、エチレン、プロピレン、アクリロニトリル、塩化ビニリデン、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、スチレンおよびフッ化ビニリデン等のモノマーを重合又は共重合して得られる高分子化合物等を挙げることができる。なお、上記高分子系固体電解質には、支持塩および可塑剤を含んでいてもよい。
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。)
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。)
(2)ドライブース:日本スピンドル製造(株)製
(3)E型粘度計:東機産業(株)製、VISCOMETER TV-22、測定温度:25℃、ロータ:1°34’×R24、の条件で測定開始後5分後の粘度を採用した。
<活物質>
NCA:ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNi0.88Co0.11Al0.01O2、NCA-034H、Ni比率:55質量%)、Ecopro社製
<フッ素系バインダー>
Solef-5130:ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)、SOLVAY社製
<導電助剤>
AB:デンカブラック(登録商標)Li100(高純度アセチレンブラック)、デンカ(株)製
<溶媒>
NMP:日本リファイン(株)製
<添加剤A>
[実施例で使用した添加剤]
A1:Hydantoin、東京化成工業(株)製
A2:5,5-Dimethylhydantoin、東京化成工業(株)製
A3:Phthalic Hydrazide、東京化成工業(株)製
A4:Maleic Hydrazide、東京化成工業(株)製
A5:1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one、東京化成工業(株)製
a1:Oxalic acid、富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製
a2:Piperonylic Acid、東京化成工業(株)製
a3:8-Quinolinol、東京化成工業(株)製
a4:Anthranil、東京化成工業(株)製
a5:Phthalazone、東京化成工業(株)製
a6:Pyridine、富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製
[実施例1-1~1-5、比較例1-1~1-7]
各添加剤について5質量%のNMP溶液を調製した。PVdFの7質量%のNMP溶液を調製した。表1に示す組成比となるように、ドライブース内にて、正極活物質、バインダー溶液、導電助剤、添加剤溶液、NMP、水を混合し、自転・公転方式ミキサーを用いて混合することで、電極スラリーを得た。調製したスラリーの総量は、いずれも各20g、固形分は80質量%とし、スラリーの溶媒組成はNMP/H2O=97/3(質量比)となるように調整した。なお、上記水はスラリー中に水分量が多い状態を意図的に生み出すために添加している。
《判定基準》
A:ゲル化していないもの
B:組成物がゲル化し、電極形成への使用ができないもの
Claims (13)
- ヘテロ環含有化合物、正極活物質、バインダーおよび溶媒を含む電極形成用組成物であって、
上記ヘテロ環含有化合物が、5員環または6員環のヘテロ環を有し、該ヘテロ環内にアミド結合およびスルフィド結合からなる群より選ばれる結合を2つ以上含むものである電極形成用組成物。 - 上記ヘテロ環含有化合物が、下記式(1)~(5)のいずれかで表されるヘテロ環含有化合物である請求項1記載の電極形成用組成物。
(式中、Ra~Rdは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、カルボキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、チオール基、アミノ基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、または置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基であり、
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。) - 上記Ra~Rdが、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ヒドロキシ基、チオール基、メチル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基、ならびに、RaおよびRbが、互いに結合して形成される、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数5~8の環である請求項2記載の電極形成用組成物。
- 上記Ra~Rd、XaおよびXbが有する置換基が、カルボキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、アルデヒド基、エステル基、ケトン基、アミノ基、フェニル基、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシシリル基、エポキシ基、カルボン酸クロリド基およびチオール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項2記載の電極形成用組成物。
- 上記XaおよびXbが、水素原子、リチウム原子またはナトリウム原子である請求項2記載の電極形成用組成物。
- さらに、導電助剤を含む請求項1記載の電極形成用組成物。
- 上記正極活物質が、S、FeまたはNiを30質量%以上含むものである請求項1記載の電極形成用組成物。
- さらに、分散剤を含み、その分散剤が、ピロリドン構造またはニトリル基を含むポリマーである請求項1記載の電極形成用組成物。
- 上記分散剤が、ポリビニルピロリドンおよびポリアクリロニトリルからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項8記載の電極形成用組成物。
- 上記ヘテロ環含有化合物の含有量が、固形分中0.001~0.5質量%である請求項1~9のいずれか1項記載の電極形成用組成物。
- 正極活物質、バインダーおよび溶媒を含む電極形成用組成物用の添加剤であって、下記式(1)~(5)のいずれかで表されるヘテロ環含有化合物からなる添加剤。
(式中、Ra~Rdは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、カルボキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、チオール基、アミノ基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、または置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基であり、
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。) - ゲル化抑制剤である請求項11記載の添加剤。
- 正極活物質、バインダーおよび溶媒を含む電極形成用組成物用の添加剤溶液であって、下記式(1)~(5)のいずれかで表されるヘテロ環含有化合物からなる添加剤および溶媒からなる添加剤溶液。
(式中、Ra~Rdは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、カルボキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、チオール基、アミノ基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、または置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基であり、
式(1)、(4)および(5)においては、RaおよびRbは、互いに結合して置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~12の環を形成していてもよく、
Lは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、カルボニル基、エーテル結合、エステル結合またはアミド結合であり、
XaおよびXbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~12のアリール基または-CH2NRe 2であり、
Reは、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルカノール基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基または炭素数6~12のアリール基である。)
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