WO2025041278A1 - Reinforced concrete skeleton for house, and method for designing reinforced concrete skeleton for house - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a reinforced concrete skeleton with which structural design can be performed at a low cost in a short period of time.　This reinforced concrete skeleton includes a frame F configured by arranging any number of reference frames SF in lengthwise, crosswise, and height directions, the reference frames SF each being composed of four columns P, four front beams FB (more precisely, two front beams FB and two foundation front beams FFB), and four depth beams DB (more precisely, two depth beams DB and two foundation depth beams FDB). The columns P, the front beams FB, the foundation front beams FFB, the depth beams DB, and the foundation depth beams FDB are standardized from the beginning so that the frame F, which is configured by arranging the reference frames SF, can withstand the load of the reinforced concrete skeleton.

Description

Reinforced concrete structure for residential buildings, design method for reinforced concrete structure for residential buildings

This invention relates to a reinforced concrete structure for a house and its design method. The term "house" includes both detached houses and apartment buildings.

In Japan, houses are primarily made of wood or reinforced concrete. In recent years, houses with reinforced concrete structures, which are stylish and durable, have become increasingly popular.

However, houses with reinforced concrete structures have not yet become more popular than those with wooden structures. The main reason for this, as is well known, is that the cost of building a house with a reinforced concrete structure is generally much higher than the cost of building a house with a wooden structure.

One reason why the cost of building a house with a reinforced concrete structure is so high is that the materials needed to build a house with a reinforced concrete structure tend to be more expensive than the materials needed to build a house with a wooden structure.
Another reason is that building a house with a reinforced concrete frame requires design, including structural design, which is generally expensive. Structural design is expensive because it is generally complex. Structural design generally means designing the foundation and framework of the building economically while meeting safety performance requirements so that it can withstand various loads.
For example, in the case of a rigid-frame structure, the load is supported by multiple columns and beams. In many cases, in order to keep the cost of construction materials as low as possible, the structure of columns and beams (for example, the thickness of the columns and beams, and the position and number of reinforcing bars arranged inside them) is almost always different for each column or beam, and it is more common to adopt a complex structure in which the structure of columns and beams is different for each column or beam, in order to achieve both the fulfillment of the safety performance required for the building after construction and the reduction of the cost of construction materials as low as possible. Nowadays, structural designs have become too complicated, and in most cases, they are performed using dedicated software installed on a computer, and the dedicated software is created using the approach described above.

As mentioned above, structural design is extremely complicated. This causes other problems. As is clear from the above explanation, the work done by structural designers is extremely complicated, and therefore the time required for structural design itself is long and the cost required for structural design is often relatively high. For example, it is common knowledge that the structural design of even a detached house with a reinforced concrete frame takes about two months and costs 500,000 to 1,000,000 yen.
Furthermore, until the structural design is complete, the materials needed to build the building and the number of construction steps (which relate to the labor costs required during construction) are not finalized, and so the cost required to build the building cannot be estimated. Even if an estimate of the cost required to build the building is available after the structural design is complete, if the cost is excessive, the client will not be able to make the decision to start construction of a house with a concrete frame.
Because such risks exist even after the structural design has been completed, many clients are hesitant to even begin structural design, which requires a large amount of expense.
Furthermore, the complexity of such structural designs increases the labor costs when actually constructing a reinforced concrete structure. For example, if the structure of each column and each beam is different, the work of placing rebar inside the concrete formwork will be different for each column and each beam, which increases the difficulty of the work, leading to reduced work efficiency and the occurrence of errors.
These circumstances also hinder the spread of concrete-structured homes.

If structural design could be simplified, for example by reducing costs, it could potentially resolve some of the issues preventing the widespread use of concrete-framed homes.
However, in the current situation where structural design has the objective of "generally designing the foundations and framework of a building economically while satisfying safety performance so that it can withstand various loads," and where it is believed that the correct approach to achieve this objective is to "achieve both the satisfaction of the safety performance required for the building after construction and the reduction of construction material costs as much as possible by adopting a complex structure in which the structures of columns and beams are different for each column or beam," the idea of simplifying structural design does not even exist. Therefore, at least at present, no realistic means have been proposed to make structural design cheaper.

The present invention aims to propose a technology that simplifies structural design, making it possible to complete the design in a short time and at a low cost, and in some cases, even reducing the costs required to build a house. The technology is concerned exclusively with reinforced concrete frameworks for houses, or design methods.

The invention proposed by the applicant to solve the above problems will first be outlined.
As already mentioned, conventional structural design is complicated. The reason why structural design becomes complicated is, for example, to ensure the strength of the building or house provided by the columns and beams by giving only the minimum necessary strength to the components of the rigid frame structure, such as columns and beams, while minimizing the cost of construction materials. In order to give only the minimum necessary strength to the columns and beams, it is necessary to give different structures to the columns and beams at different positions in the reinforced concrete structure, which results in a complicated structural design. In a building, it is common for the thickness of each column and the number of reinforcing bars contained therein to differ, and it is also common for the thickness and number of reinforcing bars to differ at different height positions of the same column.
On the other hand, the simplest shape for a rigid frame structure in which the load of a building or house is supported by columns and beams is a rectangular parallelepiped frame, which includes four beams each extending in the horizontal and mutually perpendicular x- and y-directions, and four columns extending in the vertical z-direction.
Among such rectangular parallelepiped frames, we define a frame with a specific shape as a reference frame, and then we consider constructing a new rectangular parallelepiped frame by connecting (or arranging) the reference frames in the x, y, and z directions. Among adjacent reference frames, columns and beams that overlap each other are combined into one. This makes it possible to construct a rectangular parallelepiped frame with a certain degree of freedom.
Next, consider the case where walls and slabs are added to a rectangular frame made by connecting reference frames to obtain a reinforced concrete structure. However, we will not consider a frame that is somewhat unconventional, such as stacking the above-mentioned reference frames 20 times in the z direction only to construct a new frame. We will consider a case where the reference frames are arranged within the range planned by the designer, for example, X number of reference frames in the x direction, Y number in the y direction, and Z number in the z direction, and walls and slabs are further added to the new frame. Columns, beams, walls, and slabs are components of a reinforced concrete structure made of reinforced concrete.
It is possible to standardize the structure of columns and beams in a standard frame so that a new frame created by stacking standard frames within a planned range can always support the weight of a house with a reinforced concrete structure that includes that frame. However, among the beams, the beam that comes into contact with the ground at the bottom is given a different standard from the other beams so that it also serves as the foundation.
In this way, a reinforced concrete structure including a new frame obtained by arranging X reference frames in the x direction, Y frames in the y direction, and Z frames in the z direction (the allowable combinations of X, Y, and Z are determined in advance by a designer or the like) will be able to support the load of a house having that reinforced concrete structure without the need for new structural design or calculations.
However, in this case, the configuration of columns and beams included in the reference frame will often have performance that exceeds that required for the new frame created by arranging the reference frames to support the load of the house.
In addition, if it is guaranteed that a reinforced concrete structure including a new frame obtained by arranging X pieces of reference frames including the above-mentioned standardized columns and beams in the x direction, Y pieces in the y direction, and Z pieces in the z direction (however, as described above, the allowable combinations of X, Y, and Z are determined in advance by a designer or the like), can always support the load of a house including it, then a reinforced concrete structure including a new frame obtained by arranging X pieces of frames (quasi-reference frames) in the x direction, Y pieces in the y direction, and Z pieces in the z direction, which conform to a reference frame that is smaller in at least one of the x direction, y direction, and z direction than a reference frame equipped with columns and beams similar to the standardized columns and beams, will also be able to always support the load of a house having that reinforced concrete structure, without the need for a new structural design or structural calculation.
In this case, it will become more common for the configuration of columns and beams included in the quasi-reference frame to have a performance that exceeds the performance required for supporting the load of the house when the new frame is created by arranging the quasi-reference frames.
However, if it is permitted to give the columns and beams the excessive performance described above, and if the shape of the dwelling is restricted to a rectangular prism (which, as will be described later, does not have to be a perfect rectangular prism), the structural design becomes extremely simple, and the time and cost required for the structural design can be reduced.
In addition, estimates for constructing a concrete structure, which could only be made after rigorous structural design in the conventional design method, can now be made immediately after the structural design is completed, which can be done in a short time.
Furthermore, in the process of simplifying the structural design, the reinforced concrete skeleton with standardized columns and beams can improve the efficiency of construction work by reducing the difficulty of work when actually constructing the reinforced concrete skeleton, which may result in a reduction in labor costs. In addition, it may be possible to reduce the cost of purchasing materials by purchasing construction materials (e.g., reinforcing bars) in bulk that are common to each standardized column or beam. Taking these factors into consideration, according to the present invention in which the structural design is simplified, the cost of constructing a reinforced concrete skeleton designed with a simple structural design (the total cost from structural design to constructing the reinforced concrete skeleton) is often lower than before, even taking into account the increase in cost due to the excessive performance of the columns and beams.
The present invention was made based on this idea.

The present invention is realized as a reinforced concrete structure for a house (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a "reinforced concrete structure") as described below.
The reinforced concrete structure of the present invention is constructed based on a rectangular area, which is a rectangular area in a plan view defined by a frontage line, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending in the frontage direction, and a depth line, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending from one end of the frontage line in a direction perpendicular to the frontage line.
The reinforced concrete structure of the present invention has a plurality of columns which are vertical, elongated members having a length equal to or less than a predetermined third length, which are erected in pairs at least both ends of two sides parallel to the depth line segment of the above-mentioned rectangular range, and at depth division positions which are positions on the two sides that evenly divide the two sides parallel to the depth line segment into lengths equal to or less than the first length when the two sides are longer than a predetermined first length, and which are also erected at both ends of an auxiliary line segment which is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line segment and extends parallel to the depth line segment from a frontage division position which is a position on the frontage line segment that evenly divides the frontage line segment into lengths equal to or less than the second length when the frontage line segment is longer than a predetermined second length, and at positions corresponding to the depth division positions on the auxiliary line segment.
In addition, the reinforced concrete structure of the present invention has a plurality of frontage beams, which are long members that horizontally connect the upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the frontage line, in a direction parallel to the frontage line, and a plurality of foundation frontage beams that are in contact with the ground among the frontage beams.
In addition, the system includes a plurality of depth beams which are long members that horizontally connect the upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth line in a direction parallel to the depth line, and a plurality of foundation depth beams which are in contact with the ground among the depth beams.
In addition, the reinforced concrete structure of the present invention has a plurality of walls that seal the gap between adjacent columns located on two sides parallel to the frontage line of the rectangular area in a plate-like manner parallel to the frontage line, or that seal the gap between adjacent columns located on two sides parallel to the depth line of the rectangular area or on the auxiliary line in a plate-like manner parallel to the depth line.
In addition, the reinforced concrete structure of the present invention has a plurality of slabs that horizontally fill a rectangular space surrounded by two of the front beams and two of the depth beams, or two of the foundation front beams and two of the foundation depth beams, at height positions above and below the columns.
The structural design strength of the frame formed only by the columns, the frontage beams, the foundation frontage beams, the depth beams, and the foundation depth beams is ensured to be sufficient.
In addition, in the reinforced concrete structure for a house in the present invention, all of the multiple columns have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, all of the multiple frontage beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, all of the multiple foundation frontage beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, all of the multiple depth beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, all of the multiple foundation depth beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, all of the multiple walls have the same configuration per specified unit area, and all of the multiple slabs have the same configuration per specified unit area.

The reinforced concrete skeleton of the present invention is constructed based on a rectangular area. The rectangular area is a rectangular area when viewed from above. The planar shape of the rectangular area is defined by two lines that are perpendicular to each other when viewed from above. One of the two lines is a frontage line, and the other is a depth line. Note that the part of the house that corresponds to the frontage line of the house that is finally constructed does not necessarily correspond to the frontage of the house, and the same applies to the depth line.
The reinforced concrete structure has a frame constructed by arranging at least one rectangular parallelepiped frame corresponding to the reference frame described above in the length, width, and height directions. The frame is constructed of columns, front beams, and depth beams. There are multiple of each, at least four of each. The front beams that come into contact with the ground are foundation front beams, and the depth beams that come into contact with the ground are foundation depth beams. The foundation front beams and foundation depth beams also serve as the foundation.
The pillars are erected at least at both ends of the two sides parallel to the depth line segment of the rectangular range. In other words, the pillars are always erected at the four corners of the rectangular range. When the depth line segment is longer than a first length, which is a predetermined length, the pillars are also erected at a depth division position, which is a position on the two sides that divides the two sides parallel to the depth line segment into lengths equal to or less than the first length. When the frontage line segment is longer than a second length, which is a predetermined length, the pillars are also erected at both ends of the auxiliary line segment, which is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line segment that extends parallel to the depth line segment from the frontage division position, which is a position on the frontage line segment that divides the frontage line segment into lengths equal to or less than the second length, and at a position corresponding to the depth division position when the depth division position exists on the depth line segment. The pillars are vertical, and their length is equal to or less than a third length, which is a predetermined length.
The frontage beam and foundation frontage beam are as follows. The frontage beam horizontally connects the upper and lower ends of all two columns that are parallel to the frontage line and adjacent to each other in a direction parallel to the frontage line. The frontage beam is a long material. The frontage beam that comes into contact with the ground is the foundation frontage beam. As mentioned above, the distance between two adjacent columns located on a straight line parallel to the frontage line across which the frontage beam is stretched is less than the second length, so the length of the frontage beam (and foundation frontage beam) is always less than the second length.
The depth beam and foundation depth beam are defined as follows. The depth beam is a long material that horizontally connects both the upper and lower ends of all two columns that are parallel to the depth line and adjacent to each other in a direction parallel to the depth line. The depth beam that comes into contact with the ground is the foundation depth beam. As described above, the distance between two adjacent columns located on a straight line parallel to the depth line across which the depth beam is stretched is equal to or less than the first length, so the length of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) is always equal to or less than the first length.
There are multiple walls, and among the columns located on two sides parallel to the frontage line of the rectangular area, the gap between adjacent columns is sealed with a plate-like material parallel to the frontage line, or among the columns located on two sides or an auxiliary line parallel to the depth line of the rectangular area, the gap between adjacent columns is sealed with a plate-like material parallel to the depth line.
There are multiple slabs, and they horizontally fill a rectangular space surrounded by two front beams and two depth beams, or two foundation front beams and two foundation front beams, at the height above and below the columns. The slab forms the roof or floor.
In addition, all of the columns have the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration, all of the front beams have the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration, all of the foundation front beams have the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration, all of the depth beams have the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration, and all of the foundation depth beams have the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration. In other words, the columns, front beams (and foundation front beams), and depth beams (and foundation depth beams) are all standardized. This standardization is designed so that the structural design strength of the frame composed only of the columns, front beams, foundation front beams, depth beams, and foundation depth beams is sufficient.
This reinforced concrete structure uses a frame to withstand loads. In other words, the walls and slabs do not need to support loads. In other words, the reinforced concrete structure of the present application uses a rigid frame structure.
The frame is a reference frame described in the above-mentioned overview of the present invention, which is composed of four columns, four front beams (or two front beams and two foundation front beams), and four depth beams (or two depth beams and two foundation depth beams), and is arranged in the x direction (e.g., the front line direction) and the y direction (e.g., the depth line direction). As already mentioned, the length of the columns is equal to or less than the third length, the length of the front beams (and the foundation front beams) is equal to or less than the second length, and the length of the depth beams (and the foundation depth beams) is equal to or less than the first length.
Here, the thickness and longitudinal configuration of the reinforcing bars of the columns, front beams (and foundation front beams), and depth beams (and foundation depth beams) are standardized. This standardization is designed so that the structural strength of the frame composed only of the columns, front beams, foundation front beams, depth beams, and foundation depth beams is sufficient. The conditions that such standardized columns, frontage beams (and foundation frontage beams), and depth beams (and foundation depth beams) must satisfy can be easily determined as conditions for a reinforced concrete structure including a frame obtained by arranging X, Y, and Z pieces of the reference frame described in the overview of the present invention in the x, y, and z directions (however, the allowable combinations of X, Y, and Z are determined in advance by a designer, etc.) in the x, y, and z directions, so that the frame can support the load of the entire reinforced concrete structure.
The frame to be included in the reinforced concrete structure of the present application is a reference frame as described above arranged in the x- and y-directions, or in the x-, y- and z-directions, or a reference frame shorter in length in at least one of the x-, y- and z-directions than the reference frame as described above arranged in the x- and y-directions, or in the x-, y- and z-directions. In either case, a reinforced concrete structure including such a frame can withstand the load of the entire reinforced concrete structure by the frame included therein alone, without the need for a new structural design.
Therefore, the structural design of the reinforced concrete structure of the present invention is simplified, and the time and cost required for the structural design can be reduced. In addition, such a reinforced concrete structure can be estimated promptly after the structural design, which can be completed in a short time.
In addition, by standardizing the columns, frontage beams, foundation frontage beams, depth beams and depth beams of the foundation to have the same structure except for their length, and also standardizing the structure of the walls and slabs, it becomes possible to standardize the work of constructing the formwork into which the concrete is poured and the work of placing the reinforcing bars in the formwork, which are necessary when constructing a reinforced concrete structure. This makes it easier to build a house with the above-mentioned reinforced concrete structure, and leads to a reduction in the cost of building a reinforced concrete structure.
Furthermore, by standardizing the columns, frontage beams, foundation frontage beams, depth beams and foundation depth beams to have the same structure except for their lengths, and also standardizing the structures of the walls and slabs, not for one reinforced concrete structure but for many reinforced concrete structures, it is possible to minimize the types of rebar that need to be inserted in columns, etc., when constructing a reinforced concrete structure. This makes it possible to purchase a small variety of building materials in large quantities, and therefore makes it possible to reduce the purchasing costs of building materials required to construct the reinforced concrete structure of the present application.

The frontage segment may be equal to or less than a second length.
In this case, there will be no auxiliary line segments within the above-mentioned rectangular area, and the columns will only be on the sides that enclose the rectangular area. Such a reinforced concrete structure is suitable for a detached house.
On the other hand, the frontage line segment may be equal to or shorter than the second length. In this case, the two adjacent spaces separated by the auxiliary line segment may constitute another residence.
In this case, at least one auxiliary line segment will exist within the above-mentioned rectangular range, and columns will exist not only on the sides surrounding the rectangular range, but also on both ends of the auxiliary line segment, and in some cases, in the middle of the auxiliary line segment. In this case, the rectangular range will be divided by walls built on the auxiliary line segment. Such a reinforced concrete structure is suitable for apartments, condominiums, and other collective housing.
As described above, in the reinforced concrete skeleton of the present invention, the structures of the columns, front beams and foundation front beams, depth beams and foundation depth beams, as well as the structures of the walls and slabs are standardized. Sets of standardized columns, front beams and foundation front beams, depth beams and foundation depth beams, walls, and slabs can be prepared in advance as different sets, one set for a reinforced concrete skeleton intended for a detached house and another set for a reinforced concrete skeleton intended for an apartment building.
In addition, different sets of the first length, second length, and third length may be prepared for detached houses and for apartment buildings.

In the reinforced concrete skeleton according to the present invention, at least one extension column, which is a new column having a length equal to or less than the third length and a thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration identical to that of the columns, may be connected to each of the columns by extending the same number of columns vertically. In this case, a new set of the front beam, the depth beam, the wall, and the slab having the same configuration as the front beam, the depth beam, the wall, and the slab, respectively, may be provided for each extended column, so that the house has a multi-story structure.
In this way, reinforced concrete structures can be used for multi-story residential buildings, whether single-family homes or apartment buildings.
In this case, the extension column is standardized in the same way as the column. Also, the length of the extension column is set to be equal to or less than the third length, in the same way as the column. Therefore, even if the reinforced concrete structure is for a multi-story building, or if the reinforced concrete structure is designed with a simpler structural design than the conventional structure, due to the reasons described in the overview of the present invention, the frame included therein ensures that the reinforced concrete structure can withstand the load of the entire structure.
The length of the extension column can be the same as the length of the column on the first floor. In that case, the extension column and the column will have the same structure, including the length, and the floor height of each floor in a reinforced concrete structure that supports multiple floors will be the same. This contributes to simplifying the structural design of the reinforced concrete structure and also contributes to standardizing the installation of formwork and the work of arranging reinforcement.

The columns in the reinforced concrete structure of the present invention are standardized with the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration. The columns are assumed to have the same thickness and cross-sectional shape along their entire length.
The pillars may be rectangular in plan view, for example, with the depth longer than the width, allowing the pillars to support part of the wall and making it easier to provide the pillars with the ability to withstand the load of the reinforced concrete framework.
In the case where the shape of the column is a rectangle in plan view as described above, the width of the frontage beam, which is the length in the depth direction, may be equal to the length of the column in the depth direction. The same can be done for the foundation frontage beam. By doing so, the width of the frontage beam (and the foundation frontage beam) can be maximized within the range that can be connected to the column, which maximizes the effect of the frontage beam (and the foundation frontage beam) in supporting the load of the reinforced concrete structure, and also makes it possible to neaten the aesthetic appearance of the connection part between the column and the frontage beam (and the foundation frontage beam). In addition, in order to strengthen the connection between the frontage beams (and foundation frontage beams) and the columns, it is desirable to have the reinforcing bars running along the length of the interior of the frontage beams (and foundation frontage beams) extend to the inside of the columns; however, if the width of the frontage beams (and foundation frontage beams) is made to match the depth direction of the columns and the width direction of the frontage beams (and foundation frontage beams) corresponds to the depth direction of the columns, it will be possible to insert the reinforcing bars inside the frontage beams (and foundation frontage beams) into the interior of the columns, regardless of where they are located in the cross section.
In addition, when the shape of the column is a rectangle in plan view as described above, the width of the depth beam, which is the length in the frontage direction, may be equal to the length of the column in the frontage direction. The same can be done for the foundation depth beam. By doing so, the width of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) can be maximized within the range that can be connected to the column, so that the effect of supporting the load of the reinforced concrete body by the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) can be maximized, and the aesthetic appearance of the connection part between the column and at least one of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) can be made neat. In addition, in order to strengthen the connection between the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) and the column, it is desirable to make the reinforcing bars running in the length direction of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) reach the inside of the column, but if the width of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) is made to match the length of the column in the frontage direction and the width direction of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) corresponds to the frontage direction of the column, it is possible to insert the reinforcing bars inside the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) into the column, regardless of where they are located in the cross section.

The present inventor also proposes a method for designing a reinforced concrete structure as one aspect of the present invention. The effect of the invention of the design method is that it is possible to design the reinforced concrete structure for the house of the present application. The reinforced concrete structure constructed based on the design achieves the effects of the reinforced concrete structure described above.
An example of a design method for a reinforced concrete skeleton for a house includes, based on a rectangular range that is a rectangular range in a plan view defined by a frontage line, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending in the frontage direction, and a depth line, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending from one end of the frontage line in a direction perpendicular to the frontage line, a plurality of columns that are elongated members having a length equal to or less than a third length that is a predetermined length and that are erected vertically and have the same configuration except for their length, a plurality of frontage beams that horizontally connect both upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns on the same virtual line segment that is parallel to the frontage line, and a plurality of foundation frontage beams that contact the ground among the frontage beams, a plurality of depth beams that horizontally connect both upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns on the same virtual line segment that is parallel to the depth line, and a plurality of foundation depth beams that contact the ground among the depth beams. and a plurality of plate-shaped walls that fill the space between two predetermined ones of the columns, and a plurality of plate-shaped slabs that horizontally fill a rectangular space surrounded by two of the front beams and two of the depth beams, or two of the foundation front beams and two of the foundation depth beams, at the height positions above and below the columns, the reinforced concrete structure for a house is designed after standardizing and determining the thickness and longitudinal reinforcement configuration of the columns, the thickness and longitudinal reinforcement configuration of each of the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the foundation depth beams, and the configuration per unit area of the walls and the slabs within a range in which the structural design strength of the frame composed only of the columns, the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the foundation depth beams is sufficient.
The design method includes a process of determining the length of each of the frontage line segment and the depth line segment, a process of erecting the columns in pairs at least both ends on two sides of the rectangular area parallel to the depth line segment and at a depth division position that is a position on the two sides that divides the two sides parallel to the depth line segment evenly into lengths equal to or less than the first length when the length is longer than a first length, which is a predetermined length, and a process of deciding to erect the columns standardized at both ends of an auxiliary line segment that is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line segment and extends from the frontage division position that is a position on the frontage line segment that divides the frontage line segment evenly into lengths equal to or less than the second length when the length is longer than a second length, which is a predetermined length, to a position corresponding to the depth division position on the auxiliary line segment, and a process of deciding to erect the columns standardized at both ends of the upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to the frontage line segment and adjacent to it. the steps of determining to connect the upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to the depth line and adjacent to each other with the standardized depth beams or the foundation depth beams; determining to seal the space between adjacent ones of the columns located on two sides parallel to the frontage line of the rectangular area with the standardized walls parallel to the frontage line, and determining to seal the space between adjacent ones of the columns located on two sides parallel to the depth line of the rectangular area or on the auxiliary line with the standardized walls parallel to the depth line; and determining to seal a rectangular space in plan view surrounded by the two frontage beams and two depth beams, or two foundation frontage beams and two foundation depth beams, at the height positions above and below the columns, with the standardized slab.

1 is a plane view conceptually showing a rectangular range used in a design method according to an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 13 is a plan view conceptually showing a method for determining a position for erecting a pillar in a design method according to one embodiment. FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a state in which a pillar has been written in a rectangular area in a design method according to one embodiment. FIG. 1 illustrates a column list, beam list, wall list, and slab list used in a design method according to one embodiment. 1 is a plan view conceptually showing a method for determining the placement positions of a frontage beam and a foundation frontage beam in a design method according to one embodiment. FIG. 1 is a plan view conceptually showing a method for determining the placement positions of a depth beam and a foundation depth beam in a design method according to one embodiment. FIG. FIG. 13 is a plan view conceptually showing a method for determining wall placement positions in a design method according to one embodiment. FIG. 13 is a plan view conceptually showing another method for determining wall placement positions in a design method according to one embodiment. FIG. 13 is a plan view conceptually showing a method for determining the placement position of a slab in a design method according to one embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the reinforced concrete structure designed as shown in FIG. 9 as viewed from the side in FIG. 9 . FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an example of a frame of a reinforced concrete structure designed by a design method according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of another example of a frame of a reinforced concrete structure designed by the design method according to one embodiment.

With reference to the drawings, we will now explain the design method for a reinforced concrete residential structure according to the present invention (hereinafter, simply referred to as the "design method") and the reinforced concrete residential structure designed by carrying out the design method.

<Design method>
A reinforced concrete structure designed by this design method is designed based on a rectangular area α of a rectangle in a plan view as shown in FIG.
The rectangular range α is a rectangular range in plan view defined by a frontage line segment A1 and a depth line segment B1 that are perpendicular to each other. The rectangular range α is a rectangle whose four sides are the frontage line segment A1, the depth line segment B1, the line segment A2, and the line segment B2. The frontage line segment A1 and the line segment A2 are opposite sides that are parallel to each other, and the depth line segment B1 and the line segment B2 are opposite sides that are parallel to each other. Conceptually, the frontage line segment A1, the line segment A2, the depth line segment B1, and the line segment B2 are all lines drawn on the ground on which the reinforced concrete structure is to be built.
The frontage line segment A1 corresponds to one side of a reinforced concrete skeleton to be built later, which will be described later and will have a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, in a plan view, and the depth line segment B1 corresponds to the other side perpendicular to the frontage line segment A1 of the reinforced concrete skeleton. The frontage line segment A1 does not necessarily correspond to the frontage of the reinforced concrete skeleton to be built later, and the depth line segment B1 does not necessarily correspond to the depth of the reinforced concrete skeleton to be built later, but in this embodiment, the frontage line segment A1 corresponds to the frontage of the reinforced concrete skeleton to be built later, and the depth line segment B1 corresponds to the depth of the reinforced concrete skeleton to be built later.
The frontage line segment A1 and the depth line segment B1 are appropriately determined according to the shape and size of the reinforced concrete skeleton to be built later, based on the shape and size of the site on which the reinforced concrete skeleton will be built. There may be cases where either the frontage line segment A1 or the depth line segment B1 is longer.

The reinforced concrete structure constructed based on the above-mentioned rectangular range α includes a frame equipped with columns, front beams, front foundation beams, depth beams, and foundation depth beams. All of these are long materials, with the columns extending vertically, the front beams and front foundation beams extending horizontally in the front line direction, and the depth beams and foundation depth beams extending horizontally in the depth line direction.

First, a method for determining the position at which the pillar is to be erected relative to the rectangular area α will be described.
The position where the pillars are erected is determined by the following three rules, Rule 1 to Rule 3. Rules 1 to 3 will be explained with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
Rule 1) The pillars P are erected at least on both ends of the two sides of the rectangular area α that are parallel to the depth line segment B1. In other words, the pillars are always erected at the four corners of the rectangular area α.
Rule 2) When the depth line segment B1 is longer than a predetermined first length, the pillar P is erected at a depth division position b, which is a position on two sides that evenly divide the two sides parallel to the depth line segment B1 into lengths less than the first length.
Rule 3) When the frontage line segment A1 is longer than the second length, which is a predetermined length, pillars P are erected at both ends of auxiliary line segment B3, which is a virtual line segment of the same length as depth line segment B1 and extends parallel to depth line segment B1 from frontage division position a, which is a position on frontage line segment A1 that divides frontage line segment A1 evenly into lengths equal to or shorter than the second length, and at positions corresponding to depth division position b in the case that depth division position b exists on depth line segment B1.
Please refer to FIG. 2.
First, rule 1 determines that pillars P are to be erected at four locations marked with p1.
Next, we will discuss rule 2. In rule 2, the first length L1 appears (see FIG. 1). The first length L1 is determined in advance when determining a reference frame, which will be described later. The first length L1 is determined in advance within a range of, for example, 4500 mm to 5700 mm. Although not limited to this, in this embodiment, the first length L1 is set to 5100 mm.
To determine the position of the pillar P to be erected according to rule 2, first, it is verified whether the length l1 of the depth line segment B1 is longer than the first length L1. If the length l1 of the depth line segment B1 is equal to or less than the first length L1, the pillar P cannot be erected on the depth line segment B1 at any position other than p1 on both ends thereof, and the pillar P cannot be erected on the line segment B2 at any position other than p1 on both ends thereof.
On the other hand, when the length l1 of the depth line segment B1 is longer than the first length L1, a pillar P is erected on the depth line segment B1 at the depth division position b in addition to the pillars p1 at both ends of the depth line segment B1. The depth division position b is a position at which the depth line segment B1 is divided when the depth line segment B1 is divided evenly by natural numbers as small as possible. For example, when the length of the depth line segment B1 when divided into two equal parts is equal to or less than the first length L1, the center of the depth line segment B1 becomes the depth division position b. When the length of the depth line segment B1 when divided into two equal parts is longer than the first length L1 and the length of the depth line segment B1 when divided into three equal parts is equal to or less than the first length L1, the two positions that divide the depth line segment B1 into three equal parts become the depth division positions b. To generalize more, if the length of the depth line segment B1 when divided into n equal parts is longer than the first length L1, and the length of the depth line segment B1 when divided into n+1 equal parts is less than or equal to the first length L1, then the n positions on the depth line segment B1 that divides the depth line segment B1 into n+1 equal parts become depth division positions b.
2, the depth division position b is one location at the center of the depth line segment B1. In this case, according to rule 2, the pillar P is erected at two locations: the center p2 of the depth line segment B1 and the center p2 of the line segment B2 parallel to the depth line segment B1.
Next, we will discuss rule 3. In rule 3, the second length L2 appears (see FIG. 1). The second length L2 is determined in advance when determining the reference frame described later. The second length L2 can be determined in advance, for example, in the range of 3700 mm to 5100 mm. Although not limited to this, in this embodiment, the second length L2 is set to 4100 mm. The second length L2 can be different lengths depending on whether the reinforced concrete structure to be designed is for a detached house or for an apartment building. For example, when the reinforced concrete structure is for a detached house, the second length L2 can be set to an appropriate length in the range of 4700 mm to 5100 mm (for example, 4900 mm), and when it is for an apartment building, the second length L2 can be set to an appropriate length in the range of 3700 mm to 4100 mm (for example, 3900 mm).
To determine the position of the pillar P to be erected according to rule 3, first verify whether the length l2 of the frontage line segment A1 is longer than the second length L2. If the length l2 of the frontage line segment A1 is equal to or shorter than the second length L2, the pillar P to be erected according to rule 3 does not exist.
On the other hand, when the frontage line segment A1 is longer than the second length L2, which is a predetermined length, the frontage division position a, which is the position on the frontage line segment A1 that divides the frontage line segment A1 into equal parts of length equal to or less than the second length L2, is first obtained. Generalizing the same as the case of equally dividing the depth line segment B1 to obtain the depth division position b, if the length of the frontage line segment A1 when divided into n equal parts is longer than the second length L2, and the length of the frontage line segment A1 when divided into n+1 equal parts is equal to or less than the second length L2, the n positions on the frontage line segment A1 that divide the frontage line segment A1 into n+1 equal parts are the frontage division positions a. In rule 3, after the frontage division position a is obtained, an auxiliary line segment B3 is obtained from there, which has a length equal to the depth line segment B1 and extends parallel to the depth line segment B1. In short, the auxiliary line segment B3 is a line segment that connects the frontage line segment A1 and the line segment A2 so as to be perpendicular to both of them. When the number of the frontage division positions a is n, the number of the auxiliary line segments B3 is n.
The pillars P are erected at both ends p3 of the auxiliary line segment B3 and at a position p3 on the auxiliary line segment B3 that corresponds to the depth division position b. In the example of Fig. 2, there is one frontage division position a and one auxiliary line segment B3, and the pillars P are erected at both ends p3 of the auxiliary line segment B3 and at the center p3 of the auxiliary line segment B3.

FIG. 3 shows a case where it has been decided to erect pillars P at positions p1, p2, and p3 in the rectangular area α.
Although not limited thereto, the pillar P is rectangular in plan view, with the length in the depth direction (direction along the depth line segment B1) being longer than the length in the frontage direction (direction along the frontage line segment A1). Of course, although not limited thereto, the pillar P in this embodiment has a rectangular cross section with a length in the frontage direction of 400 mm and a length in the depth direction of 1200 mm. The numbers mentioned above for the first length L1 and the second length L2 are examples in which the cross-sectional shape of the pillar P is 400 mm x 1200 mm.
Each column P has the same thickness and the same configuration of reinforcing bars in the longitudinal direction. The thickness or cross-sectional shape of each column P is the same in all parts in the longitudinal direction that are equal to or less than the third length, and the reinforcing bars arranged in the column P run inside the column P in the longitudinal direction. The third length can be determined, for example, as the upper limit assumed as the floor height per floor.
That is, although all columns P in the reinforced concrete skeleton are limited to have a length equal to or less than the third length, the length does not need to be uniquely determined in advance. On the other hand, the configuration excluding the length of the column P, in other words, the configuration per unit length, is standardized in a uniform manner. Since the length of the column P determines the floor height of the floor to which the column P belongs in the reinforced concrete skeleton, when the reinforced concrete skeleton adopts a multi-story structure as described later, the lengths of all columns P belonging to the same floor are made equal. However, it is also possible to standardize the lengths of all columns P belonging to other floors by making their lengths uniform. In this case, the floor height of each floor of the reinforced concrete skeleton, which is a multi-story structure with multiple floors, is the same. In this embodiment, although not limited to this, all columns P belonging to each floor of the reinforced concrete skeleton adopting a multi-story structure are assumed to have the same length.
Examples of a column list showing the configuration of a column P used in a reinforced concrete skeleton are shown in Fig. 4 (A-1) and (B-1). Fig. 4 (A-1) shows a column list when the reinforced concrete skeleton is for a detached house, and Fig. 4 (B-1) shows a column list when the reinforced concrete skeleton is for an apartment building. All of the columns in the column list are cross-sectional views of the column P. In the figure, 191 is a long reinforcing bar that runs in the length direction of the column P or in a direction perpendicular to the paper, and 192 is a loop-shaped reinforcing bar that surrounds the long reinforcing bar 191 to prevent the position from shifting. In the column list, the dimensions of the column P excluding the length, and the configuration of the reinforcing bar (the arrangement position of the long reinforcing bar 191 including the number, the interval in the length direction of the reinforcing bar 191 where the loop-shaped reinforcing bar 192 is arranged, the type of the reinforcing bar 191, 192, etc.) are generally recorded. It is also possible to standardize the column list for detached houses and apartment buildings.
While a large number of column lists are created for columns used in a typical concrete structure, rather than multiple, the number of column lists in this embodiment is small.

Next, a method for determining the positions at which the frontage beams and foundation frontage beams are to be disposed will be described.
The positions at which the frontage beams and foundation frontage beams are arranged are determined by the following two rules, Rule 4 to Rule 5. Rules 4 to 5 will be described with reference to FIG.
Rule 4) The frontage beam FB is arranged so as to horizontally connect the upper and lower ends of all two columns P that are parallel to and adjacent to the frontage line segment A1, in a direction parallel to the frontage line segment A1.
Rule 5) The foundation frontage beam FFB is positioned so as to horizontally connect the lower ends of all two columns P that are parallel to and adjacent to the frontage line segment A1, and that are in contact with the ground, in a direction parallel to the frontage line segment A1.
Please refer to Figure 5.
First, in accordance with rules 4 and 5, a frontage beam FB or a foundation frontage beam FFB is stretched between two columns P arranged side by side in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a plan view, and the frontage beam FB and the foundation frontage beam FFB overlap each other.
Both the frontage beam FB and the foundation frontage beam FFB are long. However, their lengths are equal to or shorter than the second length L2, and are automatically determined by the positional relationship of the two columns P that are connected by them.
Although not limited to this, both the frontage beam FB and the foundation frontage beam FFB, which is a type of frontage beam FB, have a rectangular cross section, and their width, which is their length in the depth direction, is set equal to the length in the depth direction of the column P. Both the frontage beam FB and the foundation frontage beam FFB are connected to the column P so that both ends in the width direction are aligned with both ends in the depth direction of the column P.
Each front beam FB has the same thickness and the same configuration of the reinforcing bars in the longitudinal direction, as does the foundation front beam FFB. The front beam FB and the foundation front beam FFB have the same thickness or cross-sectional shape in all parts in the longitudinal direction, and the reinforcing bars arranged in the front beam FB or the foundation front beam FFB run inside them in the longitudinal direction.
In other words, although there is a restriction that the length of all the frontage beams FB or foundation frontage beams FFB in the reinforced concrete structure must be equal to or less than the second length L2, the length does not need to be uniquely determined in advance. On the other hand, the configuration excluding the length of the frontage beams FB or foundation frontage beams FFB, in other words, the configuration per unit length, is standardized in a uniform manner. Note that the length of multiple frontage beams FB that exist in one reinforced concrete structure is the same. Also, the length of multiple foundation frontage beams FFB that exist is the same. Furthermore, the lengths of the frontage beams FB and the foundation frontage beams FFB are also the same.
Examples of beam lists showing the configuration of the front beam FB used in a reinforced concrete structure are shown in Figures 4 (A-2), (A-3), (B-2), and (B-3). Figure 4 (A-2) shows a beam list of the front beam FB when the reinforced concrete structure is for a detached house, and (B-2) shows a beam list of the front beam FB when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building. Figure 4 (A-3) shows a beam list of the foundation front beam FFB when the reinforced concrete structure is for a detached house, and (B-3) shows a beam list of the foundation front beam FFB when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building.
The above beam list shows a cross-sectional view of the frontage beam FB or foundation frontage beam FFB. In the figure, 191 is a reinforcing bar running in the length direction of the frontage beam FB or foundation frontage beam FFB or in a direction perpendicular to the paper, and 192 is a loop-shaped reinforcing bar that surrounds the long reinforcing bar 191 to prevent their position from shifting. In the beam list, the dimensions of the frontage beam FB or foundation frontage beam FFB excluding the length, the configuration of the reinforcing bar (the arrangement position of the long reinforcing bar 191 including the number, the interval in the length direction of the reinforcing bar 191 where the loop-shaped reinforcing bar 192 is arranged, the type of the reinforcing bar 191, 192, etc.) are generally recorded. It is also possible to make the beam list for the frontage beam FB and foundation frontage beam FFB common to both detached houses and apartment buildings.
Since the foundation front beam FFB is generally required to be stronger than the front beam FB, the thickness (or height) of the latter is made greater than the thickness of the former, regardless of whether it is for a detached house or an apartment building.
In a typical concrete structure, a large number of beam lists are created for the frontage beams FB or foundation frontage beams FFB used in the structure, rather than multiple lists. In this embodiment, however, the number of beam lists for the frontage beams FB or foundation frontage beams FFB is small.

Next, how to determine the positions at which the depth beams and foundation depth beams are disposed will be described.
The positions at which the depth beams and the foundation depth beams are arranged are determined by the following two rules, Rule 6 to Rule 7. Rules 6 to 7 will be described with reference to FIG.
Rule 6) The depth beam DB is arranged so as to horizontally connect the upper and lower ends of all two columns P that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth line segment B1, in a direction parallel to the depth line segment B1.
Rule 7) The foundation depth beam FDB is arranged so as to horizontally connect the lower ends of all two columns P that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth line B1, and that are in contact with the ground, in a direction parallel to the depth line B1.
Please refer to Figure 6.
First, in accordance with Rules 6 and 7, a depth beam DB or a foundation depth beam FDB is stretched between two columns P located above and below in Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a plan view, and the depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB overlap each other.
The depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB are both long. However, their lengths are equal to or shorter than the first length L1, and are automatically determined by the positional relationship of the two columns P that are connected by them.
Although not limited to this, the depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB, which is a type of depth beam DB, both have a rectangular cross section, and their width, which is the length in the frontage direction, is set equal to the length in the frontage direction of the column P. The depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB are both connected to the column P so that both ends in the width direction are aligned with both ends in the frontage direction of the column P.
Each depth beam DB has the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration, as does the foundation depth beam FDB. The thickness or cross-sectional shape of both the depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB is the same throughout their length, and the rebars arranged within the depth beam DB or the foundation depth beam FDB run along their length.
In other words, although there is a restriction that the length of all the depth beams DB or foundation depth beams FDB in a reinforced concrete structure must be equal to or less than the first length L1, the length does not need to be uniquely determined in advance. On the other hand, the configuration excluding the length of the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB, in other words, the configuration per unit length, is standardized in a uniform manner. Note that the length of multiple depth beams DB that exist in one reinforced concrete structure is the same. Also, the length of multiple foundation depth beams FDB that exist is the same. Furthermore, the lengths of the depth beams DB and foundation depth beams FDB are also the same.
Examples of beam lists showing the configuration of the depth beam DB used for a reinforced concrete skeleton are shown in Figures 4 (A-4), (A-5), (B-4), and (B-5). Figure 4 (A-4) shows the beam list of the depth beam DB when the reinforced concrete skeleton is for a detached house, and Figure 4 (B-4) shows the beam list of the depth beam DB when the reinforced concrete skeleton is for an apartment building. Figure 4 (A-5) shows the beam list of the foundation depth beam FDB when the reinforced concrete skeleton is for a detached house, and Figure 4 (B-5) shows the beam list of the foundation depth beam FDB when the reinforced concrete skeleton is for an apartment building.
The above beam list shows a cross section of the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB. In the figure, 191 is a reinforcing bar running in the length direction of the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB or in a direction perpendicular to the paper, and 192 is a loop-shaped reinforcing bar that surrounds the long reinforcing bar 191 to prevent their position from shifting. In the beam list, the dimensions of the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB excluding the length, the configuration of the reinforcing bar (the arrangement position of the long reinforcing bar 191 including the number, the interval in the length direction of the reinforcing bar 191 where the loop-shaped reinforcing bar 192 is arranged, the type of the reinforcing bar 191, 192, etc.) are generally recorded. It is also possible to make the beam list for the depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB common to both detached houses and apartment buildings.
Since the foundation depth beam FDB generally requires greater strength than the depth beam DB, the latter is made thicker (or taller) than the former, regardless of whether it is for a detached house or an apartment building. In this embodiment, although not limited thereto, the thickness of the frontage beam FB and the depth beam DB are made the same, and the thickness of the foundation frontage beam FFB and the foundation depth beam FDB are made the same.
A large number of beam lists for the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB used in a typical concrete structure are created rather than multiple, but in this embodiment the number of beam lists for the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB is small.

What has been described above is a method for designing the frame of a reinforced concrete skeleton of a single-story house, or of the reinforced concrete skeleton of the first floor of a multi-story house.
Adding walls and slabs to such a frame completes the design of the reinforced concrete structure of a single-storey house, or the first floor of a multi-storey house.
Next, the locations of the walls and slabs will be described.
First, let me explain about the walls.
The positions at which the walls are arranged are determined by the following two rules, Rule 8 to Rule 9. Rules 8 to 9 will be described with reference to Figs.
Rule 8) The wall W fills the gap between adjacent columns P located on two sides of the rectangular area α parallel to the frontage line segment A1.
Rule 9) The wall W fills the gap between adjacent columns P located on two sides parallel to the depth line segment B1 of the rectangular area α or on the auxiliary line segment B3.
Please refer to Figures 7 and 8.
First, according to rule 8, four walls W are arranged with the horizontal direction as the length direction in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. The walls W are rectangular. The walls W arranged according to rule 8 have four vertical sides connected to the columns P and two horizontal sides connected to the frontage beam FB or the foundation frontage beam FFB. As shown in FIG. 7, the walls W are basically constructed on the frontage line segment A1 in the rectangular range α and the line segment A2 opposite the frontage line segment A1 (that is, on the contour of the rectangular range α). However, as long as the wall W satisfies the condition that it is arranged parallel to the frontage line segment A1, it may be arranged at a position that is inward from the frontage line segment A1 into the rectangular range α, as in the lower wall W in FIG. 8. In other words, the walls W may be designed to be arranged at a position away from the contour of the rectangular range α. In other words, there is a certain degree of freedom in the design regarding the arrangement position of the walls W.
Next, according to rule 9, six walls are arranged with their length direction being the vertical direction in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. The walls W are rectangular. The walls W arranged according to rule 9 have four sides, two vertical sides connected to the columns P, and two horizontal sides connected to the depth beam DB or the foundation depth beam FDB. Even in this case, the walls W that are not on the auxiliary line segment B3 are allowed to be positioned outside the contour of the rectangular area α (i.e., a certain degree of freedom is given to the position of the walls W). However, in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the walls W are arranged on the contour of the rectangular area α, that is, on the depth line segment B1 and the line segment B2 that is the opposite side of the depth line segment B1.
Whether the walls W are arranged according to rule 8 or 9, they are always plate-shaped, as is well known. The walls W are also standardized like the columns P, etc., so that they have the same structure per unit area. The walls W do not bear the role of supporting the weight of the reinforced concrete structure, so their robustness need only be at a minimum.
Examples of wall lists showing the configuration of walls W used in a reinforced concrete skeleton are shown in Figures 4 (A-6) and (B-6). Figure 4 (A-6) shows a wall list of walls W when the reinforced concrete skeleton is for a single-family home, and Figure 4 (B-6) shows a wall list of walls W when the reinforced concrete skeleton is for an apartment building.
All of the above wall lists are cross-sectional views of a wall W. In the figure, 191 denotes reinforcing bars running in the wall W in the width direction or in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. In the figure, 191X denotes reinforcing bars running in the wall W parallel to the paper surface in the vertical direction relative to the paper surface. In the wall list, the dimensions of the wall (wall thickness) and the composition of the reinforcing bars (the spacing between reinforcing bars 191, 191X running in the width direction and height direction of the wall W, the type of reinforcing bars, etc.) are generally recorded. It is also possible to have a common wall list for walls W for detached houses and for apartment buildings.

The position where the slab is placed is determined by the following rule 10. Rule 10 will be described with reference to Figs.
Rule 10) The slab S horizontally fills a rectangular space surrounded by two front beams FB and two depth beams DB, or two foundation front beams FFB and two foundation depth beams FDB, at the height above and below the column P.
Please refer to Figures 9 and 10. Figure 10 is a diagram showing the reinforced concrete skeleton designed as shown in Figure 9, as viewed from the side in Figure 9. However, in Figure 10, the wall W is omitted.
According to rule 10, four slabs S are arranged in a 2x2 grid in Fig. 9. The slabs S are rectangular. The slabs S arranged according to rule 10 are horizontal and arranged above and below the columns P. The four sides of the slab S are connected to two front beams FB and two depth beams DB, or two foundation front beams FFB and two foundation depth beams FDB.
As is well known, all slabs S are plate-shaped. Slabs S are also standardized like columns P, etc., so that they have the same configuration per unit area. Since slabs S do not play a role in supporting the weight of the reinforced concrete structure, their robustness is only required to be at a minimum.
Examples of slab lists showing the configuration of slabs S used in reinforced concrete structures are shown in Figures 4 (A-7) and (B-7). Figure 4 (A-7) shows a slab list for slabs S when the reinforced concrete structure is for a single-family home, and Figure 4 (B-7) shows a slab list for slabs S when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building.
All of the above slab lists are cross-sectional views of slab S. In the figure, 191 denotes reinforcing bars that run through slab S in a direction perpendicular to the paper. In the figure, 191X denotes reinforcing bars that run through slab S in a left-right direction parallel to the paper. Slab lists generally record the dimensions of the slab (slab thickness) and the configuration of reinforcing bars (the spacing and type of reinforcing bars 191, 191X that run perpendicular to each other through slab S, etc.). It is also possible to standardize slab lists for slabs S for single-family homes and apartment buildings.

What has been described above is a method for designing the reinforced concrete skeleton of a one-story house, or the first floor of a multi-story house.
Of course, houses with reinforced concrete structures may be multi-story.
When designing a multi-layered reinforced concrete structure, at least one new column P, which is no longer than the third length and has the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration as column P, is connected to every column P by extending it vertically in the same number to every column P. If one column P is extended and connected to the original column P, the reinforced concrete structure will be two stories high, if two columns P are extended and connected, the reinforced concrete structure will be three stories high, and so on.
Then, just as when designing the first floor of the reinforced concrete structure, the top ends of the newly added columns P are connected with the front beams FB and depth beams DB, and the walls W and slabs S are placed. However, since there is a certain degree of freedom in the placement of the walls W as mentioned above, it is not necessary for the placement of the walls W on each floor to be exactly the same.

In this manner, the design of the reinforced concrete skeleton for a house is completed.
The design order of the column P, frontage beam FB, foundation frontage beam FFB, depth beam DB, foundation depth beam FDB, wall W, and slab S does not have to be the order described above.
Furthermore, in the case of a multi-story reinforced concrete structure, it is not necessary to design the first floor before designing the second floor. For example, the entire frame of a multi-story reinforced concrete structure may be designed first, and then the walls W and slabs S to be attached to the frame may be designed.
In addition, in the above example, the design of the holes for mounting the window frames and the holes for mounting the doors to be made in the wall W is omitted, and the design of the holes to be made in the slab S required to provide an internal staircase is omitted, but these can be designed in accordance with conventional technology.
In addition, in this reinforced concrete structure, for example, it is possible to make one side of any of the walls W entirely made of glass. Even in this case, the walls W and slabs S do not bear the role of supporting the load of the reinforced concrete structure, so sufficient strength of the reinforced concrete structure is guaranteed.

The load of the reinforced concrete structure can be supported by the frame alone, without relying on walls W or slabs S, for the following reasons.
An explanation will be given with reference to the perspective views of an example of the frame F shown in FIG. 11 and FIG.
11 and 12 are perspective views of a frame F in a reinforced concrete structure designed by the design method for a reinforced concrete structure described above.
In FIG. 11, of the two sides on the front side of the rectangular area α at the bottom edge of the frame F, the left side is a frontage line segment A1 and the right side is a depth line segment B1.
In the example of FIG. 11, the frontage line segment A1 is equal to or shorter than the second length L2, and the depth line segment B1 is more than twice the first length L1 and less than three times the first length L1.
As a result, the frame F designed according to the above-mentioned rules 1 to 7 is as shown in Fig. 11. Here, the rectangular parallelepiped area defined by the four columns P, four frontage beams FB (more precisely, two frontage beams FB and two foundation frontage beams FFB), and four depth beams DB (more precisely, two depth beams DB and two foundation depth beams FDB) shown in the shaded area in the figure corresponds to the reference frame SF explained in the overview of the present invention. The frame F shown in Fig. 11 is a combination of one reference frame SF in the frontage line segment A1 direction, three in the depth line segment B direction, and three in the vertical direction.
In FIG. 12, of the two sides on the front side of the rectangular area α at the bottom edge of the frame, the right side is a frontage line segment A1 and the left side is a depth line segment B1.
In the example of FIG. 12, the frontage line segment A1 is longer than twice the second length L2 but shorter than three times the second length L2, and the depth line segment B1 is equal to or shorter than the first length L1.
As a result, the frame F designed according to the above-mentioned rules 1 to 7 is as shown in Fig. 12. The frame shown in Fig. 12 is formed by lining up three reference frames SF explained in Fig. 11 in the direction of the frontage line segment A1, one in the direction of the depth line segment B, and three in the vertical direction.
Here, the columns P, frontage beams FB, foundation frontage beams FFB, depth beams DB, foundation depth beams FDB, walls W, and slabs S are connected together in X, Y, and Z numbers of reference frames SF in the frontage line direction, depth line direction, and vertical direction, respectively, to form a frame F having a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape as a whole (however, restrictions can be placed on the combinations of X, Y, and Z). Furthermore, even if walls W and slabs S are added to the frame F in accordance with rules 8 to 10 described above, the frame F is standardized so that it is sufficient to support the load of the entire reinforced concrete structure.
Therefore, if the combination of numbers defined by X, Y, and Z described above falls within the range of combinations planned by the designer, the reinforced concrete structure having the frame F created by arranging the reference frame SF in the length, width, and height directions is guaranteed to have sufficient strength to support the load of the reinforced concrete structure. In other words, if the above-mentioned column list specifying the configuration of the column P, the above-mentioned beam list specifying the configuration of the front beam FB, the foundation front beam FFB, the depth beam DB, and the foundation depth beam FDB, the above-mentioned wall list specifying the configuration of the wall W, and the above-mentioned slab list specifying the configuration of the slab S are prepared in advance as a set in a state that satisfies the condition that the frame F is sufficient to support the load of the reinforced concrete structure when the reference frame SF is arranged in the length, width, and height directions, the frame F in the reinforced concrete structure created according to the above-mentioned rules 1 to 10 will automatically have sufficient strength to support the load of the reinforced concrete structure.
This is because the frame F in the reinforced concrete structure designed in this manner will have an approximately rectangular parallelepiped shape in which reference frames SF are stacked in the length, width, and height directions, or in which frames (quasi-reference frames described in the overview of the present invention) that are shorter than the reference frame SF in at least one of the length, width, and height directions are stacked in the length, width, and height directions.

When designing the frame F shown in Fig. 11, the auxiliary line segment B3 does not appear. Therefore, on each of the first to third floors, the walls W that separate the spaces of each floor do not exist because they are arranged on the auxiliary line segment B3.
Therefore, the reinforced concrete structure having the frame F shown in Figure 11 is suitable for a detached house equipped with an internal staircase connecting the first and second floors and an internal staircase connecting the second and third floors.
When designing the frame shown in Fig. 12, two auxiliary line segments B3 are used. As a result, walls W are arranged on each of the first to third floors so as to divide each floor into three.
Therefore, by providing an internal staircase connecting the first and second floors and an internal staircase connecting the second and third floors, the reinforced concrete structure having the frame F shown in Fig. 12 is suitable for a three-story apartment building with three maisonette-type rooms lined up side by side, with the shaded area in Fig. 12 being one unit. Alternatively, by adding an external staircase and an external passageway as appropriate and eliminating the internal staircase, the reinforced concrete structure having the frame shown in Fig. 12 can be suitable for an apartment building with a total of nine rooms, with three independent rooms on each floor.

<Reinforced concrete structure>
The reinforced concrete structure in this embodiment is constructed according to the design drawings designed by the design method described above.
The reinforced concrete structure can be constructed using conventional construction methods.
For example, in the case of a reinforced concrete structure for a one-story house, first the formwork is assembled and rebar is appropriately placed inside the formwork, and concrete is then poured into the assembled formwork and allowed to harden while curing, thereby constructing the foundation front beam FFB, foundation depth beam FDB, and slab S, which corresponds to the first floor floor.
Next, the formwork assembled to construct the foundation front beam FFB and the foundation depth beam FDB is removed, and then the formwork is assembled again with appropriate rebar placed inside the formwork. Concrete is poured into the assembled formwork and cured while being hardened, thereby constructing the columns P, front beam FB, depth beam DB, walls W, and a slab S equivalent to the ceiling of the first floor.
This completes the reinforced concrete structure for a one-story residential building.
In the case of a reinforced concrete structure for a multi-story, for example a two-story house, after completing the concrete structure of the first floor as described above, the formwork assembled to construct the columns P, front beams FB, depth beams DB, walls W, and slab S corresponding to the first floor ceiling of the first floor is removed, and then the formwork is assembled again and rebar is placed inside the formwork as appropriate. Concrete is then poured into the assembled formwork and allowed to harden while curing, thereby constructing the columns P, front beams FB, depth beams DB, walls W, and slab S corresponding to the second floor ceiling.
The floors above the third floor can be constructed by repeating the same process.
In a reinforced concrete structure, there are parts (where the reinforcing bars are fixed) where a column P, a front beam FB, and a depth beam DB, or where a column P, a foundation front beam FFB, and a foundation depth beam FDB intersect, as shown by dashed lines in Figure 12.
At the intersection, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the column P, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the frontage beam FB, and the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the depth beam DB, or the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the column P, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the foundation frontage beam FFB, and the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the foundation depth beam FDB, are each made to intersect. By making the reinforcing bars in the frontage line direction, depth line direction, and vertical direction intersect with each other at the intersection, the connections between the column P and the frontage beam FB, the column P and the depth beam DB, the column P and the foundation frontage beam FFB, and the column P and the foundation depth beam FDB can be strengthened, which helps to increase the resistance to load of the reinforced concrete structure.
For example, the long reinforcing bars 191 in the column P usually extend from the top to the bottom of the reinforced concrete skeleton. The ends of the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the frontage beam FB, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the depth beam DB, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the foundation frontage beam FFB, and the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the foundation depth beam FDB can all be inserted into the column P by an appropriate length, for example, about 400 mm. The portions of the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the frontage beam FB, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the depth beam DB, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the foundation frontage beam FFB, and the foundation depth beam FDB that enter the column P may be bent at right angles or folded back in a U-shape.
In this way, the process of crossing the reinforcing bars contained inside the columns and beams in a three-dimensional manner at the joints between the columns and beams is called "fixing." It is preferable to also standardize in the column list, beam list, etc., the way in which each reinforcing bar is fixed at the parts where the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of column P, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of front beam FB, and the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of depth beam DB, or where the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of column P, the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of foundation front beam FFB, and the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of foundation depth beam FDB, intersect.

α Rectangular range A1 Frontage line segment B1 Depth line segment B3 Auxiliary line segment a Frontage division position b Depth division position P Column FB Frontage beam DB Depth beam FFB Foundation frontage beam FDB Foundation depth beam W Wall S Slab

Claims (9)

a frontage line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending in a frontage direction, and a depth line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending from one end of the frontage line segment in a direction perpendicular to the frontage line segment, in a rectangular range in a plan view, the range being defined by the frontage line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending from one end of the frontage line segment in a direction perpendicular to the frontage line segment; at least both ends of two sides parallel to the depth line segment of a rectangular range, which is a rectangular range in a plan view, and a depth division position, which is a position on the two sides that evenly divides the two sides parallel to the depth line segment into lengths equal to or less than the first length when the frontage line segment is longer than a first length, which is a predetermined length, and a plurality of pillars that are vertical elongated materials having a length equal to or less than a third length, which is a predetermined length, erected in pairs at both ends of an auxiliary line segment, which is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line segment that extends parallel to the depth line segment from the frontage division position, which is a position on the frontage line segment that evenly divides the frontage line segment into lengths equal to or less than the second length when the frontage line segment is longer than a second length, which is a predetermined length, and at a position corresponding to the depth division position on the auxiliary line segment;
A plurality of frontage beams, which are long members that horizontally connect both upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the frontage line segment in a direction parallel to the frontage line segment, and a plurality of foundation frontage beams that contact the ground among the frontage beams;
Among the columns, a plurality of depth beams are long members that horizontally connect both upper and lower ends of two columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth line in a direction parallel to the depth line, and a plurality of foundation depth beams that contact the ground among the depth beams;
Among the columns located on two sides parallel to the frontage line segment of the rectangular area, a plate-like closing is formed between adjacent columns parallel to the frontage line segment, or among the columns located on two sides parallel to the depth line segment of the rectangular area or on the auxiliary line segment, a plurality of walls that close the gap between adjacent columns parallel to the depth line segment in a plate-like closing manner;
A plurality of slabs that horizontally fill a rectangular space surrounded by two of the front beams and two of the depth beams, or two of the foundation front beams and two of the foundation depth beams, at height positions above and below the columns;
A reinforced concrete structure for a house, comprising:
The structural design strength of the frame composed only of the pillars, the frontage beams, the foundation frontage beams, the depth beams, and the foundation depth beams is sufficient,
All of the plurality of columns have the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration;
All of the plurality of frontage beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration;
All of the plurality of foundation entrance beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration;
All of the plurality of depth beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration;
All of the plurality of foundation depth beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration;
all of said walls have the same configuration per given unit area;
All of the plurality of slabs have the same configuration per unit area.
Reinforced concrete structure. The frontage line segment is equal to or shorter than the second length.
2. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1. The frontage line segment is equal to or longer than the second length,
The two adjacent spaces separated by the auxiliary line are configured to constitute another residence.
2. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1. On top of all of the columns, at least one extension column, which is a new column having the third length or less and the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration as the columns, is connected to each of the columns by extending in the vertical direction in the same number,
A new set of the frontage beam, the depth beam, the wall, and the slab, each having the same configuration as the frontage beam, the depth beam, the wall, and the slab, is provided for each extended column, thereby making the house a multi-story structure.
2. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1. The length of the extension pole is equal to the length of the pole.
5. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 4. The pillar is a rectangle in a plan view in which the length in the depth direction is longer than the length in the frontage direction.
2. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1. The width of the frontage beam, which is the length in the depth direction, is set equal to the length of the column in the depth direction.
7. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 6. The width of the depth beam, which is the length in the frontage direction, is equal to the length of the column in the frontage direction.
7. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 6. Based on a rectangular range that is a rectangular range in a plan view defined by a frontage line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending in the frontage direction, and a depth line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending from one end of the frontage line segment in a direction perpendicular to the frontage line segment,
A plurality of columns, each of which is a long member having a length equal to or less than a third length that is a predetermined length, and which have the same configuration except for their length;
A plurality of frontage beams horizontally connecting both upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns on the same imaginary line segment parallel to the frontage line segment, and a plurality of foundation frontage beams among the frontage beams that are in contact with the ground;
A plurality of depth beams horizontally connecting both upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns on the same virtual line segment parallel to the depth line segment, and a plurality of foundation depth beams among the depth beams that are in contact with the ground;
A plurality of plate-shaped walls that close a space between two predetermined ones of the columns;
Among the columns, a plurality of plate-shaped slabs that horizontally close predetermined spaces at upper and lower height positions;
A method for designing a reinforced concrete skeleton for a house, which is constructed by combining the above, is designed by standardizing and determining the thickness of the columns and the configuration of the longitudinal reinforcing bars, the thickness of the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the depth beams, respectively, and the configuration per unit area of the walls and the slabs within a range in which the structural design strength of a frame consisting only of the columns, the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the depth beams is sufficient,
determining the length of each of the frontage line segment and the depth line segment;
a process of erecting the pillars in pairs at least both ends on two sides of the rectangular area parallel to the depth line segment and a depth division position that is a position on the two sides that divides the two sides parallel to the depth line segment into lengths equal to or less than the first length when the length is longer than a first length, which is a predetermined length, and determining to erect the pillars standardized to both ends of an auxiliary line segment that is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line segment and extends from a frontage division position that is a position on the frontage line segment that divides the frontage line segment into lengths equal to or less than the second length when the length is longer than a second length, which is a predetermined length, to a frontage division position, and a position on the auxiliary line segment that corresponds to the depth division position;
A process of determining that both upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the frontage line segment are connected by the standardized frontage beam or the foundation frontage beam;
A process of determining that both upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth line segment are connected by the standardized depth beam or the foundation depth beam;
a process of determining that, among the columns located on two sides of the rectangular area parallel to the frontage line segment, adjacent columns are to be blocked by the standardized wall parallel to the frontage line segment, and that, among the columns located on two sides of the rectangular area parallel to the depth line segment or the auxiliary line segment, adjacent columns are to be blocked by the standardized wall parallel to the depth line segment;
A process of determining that a rectangular space in plan view surrounded by two of the front beams and two of the depth beams, or two of the foundation front beams and two of the foundation depth beams, is to be filled with the standardized slab at a height position above and below the column;
Including,
How it's designed.

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