WO2025224100A1 - Procédé pour établir une protection thermiquement conforme contre une agression environnementale sur des raccords de machine et système de couplage de revêtement de protection thermiquement conforme - Google Patents

Procédé pour établir une protection thermiquement conforme contre une agression environnementale sur des raccords de machine et système de couplage de revêtement de protection thermiquement conforme

Info

Publication number
WO2025224100A1
WO2025224100A1 PCT/EP2025/060920 EP2025060920W WO2025224100A1 WO 2025224100 A1 WO2025224100 A1 WO 2025224100A1 EP 2025060920 W EP2025060920 W EP 2025060920W WO 2025224100 A1 WO2025224100 A1 WO 2025224100A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
susceptible
protective liner
environmental attack
thermal expansion
coupling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2025/060920
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Massimiliano Mariotti
Enrico Giusti
Federico Bucciarelli
Vincenzo STIVALE
Damaso CHECCACCI
Fabio Valeri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Original Assignee
Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL filed Critical Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Publication of WO2025224100A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025224100A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/18—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation specially adapted for pipe fittings
    • F16L58/188—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation specially adapted for pipe fittings for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L41/00—Branching pipes; Joining pipes to walls
    • F16L41/08—Joining pipes to walls or pipes, the joined pipe axis being perpendicular to the plane of a wall or to the axis of another pipe
    • F16L41/082—Non-disconnectable joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L41/084—Soldered joints

Definitions

  • the present disclosure pertains to the field of protective engineering measures against environmental damage for materials susceptible to such damage. Specifically, it relates to a method for establishing heat-expansion compliant protection on a surface of a material susceptible to environmental attack and connecting surfaces of the same or different materials non susceptible to environmental attack. This method is particularly applicable for connecting components of a machine that open through a machinery casing.
  • the invention involves covering the susceptible surface with a protective liner of a resistant material, rigidly coupling and sealing a first end of the protective liner to one of the surfaces non susceptible to environmental attack, and rigidly or non rigidly coupling the other end of the protective liner to another surface non susceptible to environmental attack, using welding or other mechanical couplings.
  • the invention can also involve sealing systems, additional liners, and fillers. This technology has significant implications for machinery and equipment design, particularly in environments where materials are prone to environmental attack and is also applicable to equipment designed for oxy-fuel or oxy-combustion cycles operating under CO2 supercritical conditions.
  • a solution according to the prior art is to introduce an environmentally resistant barrier between the operating fluids and the base material.
  • the most prevalent approach is to apply welding overlays, also known as “cladding”, of an environmentally resistant material onto the internal surfaces of the casing and relevant machinery connections.
  • connection passages with surfaces susceptible to environmental damage.
  • Such connections can typically be openings through machinery casings, namely passages between the surface on the inside of the casing and the surface on the outside of the casing, the two surfaces being cladded.
  • welding overlays may not be feasible for connection openings with certain aspect ratios, particularly in case of openings with small cross section.
  • an alternative solution involves placing a liner inside the machinery connection openings and welding this liner at both ends of the openings, namely at both the first surface of material non-susceptible to environmental attack and the second surface of a same or different material non-susceptible to environmental attack.
  • This liner-based solution is suitable for lower temperatures but can introduce significant mechanical stress on the welds in case of high temperature gradients.
  • Ni -based superalloy liners when inserted in a steel casing connection opening with fixed ends, develop high steady state and transient thermal axial stress due to large differences in thermal expansion coefficient. Consequently, specific design solutions need to be created to contain steady state and transient thermal stresses while protecting high pressure casing from environmental attack. Moreover, containing this force through flexible components is made uneasy by the large pressures involved.
  • Additional limitation arises when dealing with materials having different thermal expansion coefficients, a common occurrence since machinery components are typically composed of a variety of materials for optimal performance. In such cases, applying a uniform liner might lead to inconsistent protection across the different material types due to differential expansion under varying temperature conditions.
  • the subject matter disclosed herein is directed to a method for establishing heat-expansion compliant protection against environmental damage on a surface of a material susceptible to environmental attack connecting two surfaces of the same or different materials non-susceptible to environmental attack, i.e. materials resistant to and/or protected from and/or not-exposed to environmental attack, while also reducing mechanical stress due to differing thermal expansion coefficients be- tween the protective liner, the surface intended for protection and the connected surfaces non-susceptible to environmental attack.
  • the subject matter disclosed herein concerns a method for safeguarding surfaces susceptible to environmental damage by covering them with a protective liner made from resistant material.
  • This protective liner extends from one surface (first surface) of a component of a material non-susceptible to environmental attack to another surface (second surface) of the same or a different component of a same or different material non-susceptible to environmental attack, especially in instances where these surfaces form part of an opening through machinery casing.
  • a key aspect of this procedure involves rigidly coupling one end of the protective liner onto a first surface made of material non-susceptible to environmental attack and the other end of the protective liner is then rigidly or non rigidly coupled with a second surface made of a different or similar material non-susceptible to environmental attack.
  • This rigid or non-rigid coupling can be achieved through welding, other mechanical connections, or sealing systems. This approach ensures that any gaps between components are adequately sealed off, thereby enhancing overall protection against environmental damage.
  • the rigid or non-rigid coupling may also serve as a sealing system.
  • This dual functionality enhances efficiency by providing both mechanically coupling and sealing capabilities within one single system.
  • the sealing system may involve coupling the second end of the protective liner with the second surface via welding. Following this step, an additional protective liner can be added by covering the existing protective liner with another liner made from similar or different resistant material.
  • first and the second surfaces are made of materials non-susceptible to environmental attack, the materials having different thermal expansion coefficients and lengths, special considerations are taken into account when coupling the ends of the protective liner with these surfaces.
  • the length of the second surface between its connection point with first surface and its welding point with protective liner is calculated based on thermal expansion coefficients and lengths of materials making up first surface, second surface, and protective liners. This calculation ensures optimal fit between all components despite their differing thermal expansion characteristics thereby reducing potential mechanical stress caused by these differences.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is drawn to a method that involves using a sealing system that includes an embossment on the surface of the protective liner on the side of the second surface non-susceptible to environmental attack.
  • This embossment is designed to make sliding contact with the second surface ensuring effective seal despite any relative movements between these parts due to thermal expansions.
  • sealing system may comprise an elastic folding configured for sliding contact with the second surface of material non susceptible to environmental attack.
  • elastic foldings allow for effective seals despite relative movements between parts due to thermal expansions.
  • a filler material may be positioned in interspaces among second surface, connection point between first and second surfaces, protective liner and sealing system. Use of fillers further enhance overall protection against environmental damage by filling out any potential gaps within assembly that could expose underlying surfaces to damaging elements.
  • Sealing systems used in this method could also include energized seals which provide enhanced sealing effectiveness under varying operational conditions including changes in pressure and temperature levels.
  • Fig. l illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a first embodiment
  • Fig.2 illustrates a section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a second embodiment
  • Fig.3 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a third embodiment
  • Fig.4 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a fourth embodiment
  • Fig.5 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a fifth embodiment
  • Fig.6 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a sixth embodiment
  • Fig.7 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a seventh embodiment
  • Fig.8 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a eighth embodiment
  • Fig.9 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a ninth embodiment
  • Fig.10 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a tenth embodiment
  • Fig.11 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to an eleventh embodiment
  • Fig.12 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a twelfth embodiment
  • Fig.13 illustrates a section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a thirteenth embodiment
  • Fig.14 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a fourteenth embodiment
  • Fig.15 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a fifteenth embodiment
  • Fig.16 illustrates a schematic section view of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, according to a sixteenth embodiment.
  • the present subject matter is directed to a method for establishing a heat-expansion compliant protection against environmental damage on a surface of a material susceptible to environmental attack and connecting a first surface of a material non susceptible to environmental attack, that is a material resistant to and/or protected from and/or not-exposed to the environmental attack and a second surface of the same or a different material non susceptible to environmental attack, that is a material resistant to and/or protected from and/or not-exposed to the environmental attack, in particular a connection opening through a machinery casing, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the subject matter disclosed herein is directed to a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system configured to establish a heatexpansion compliant protection against environmental damage on a surface of a material susceptible to environmental attack and connecting a first surface of a material non susceptible to environmental attack and a second surface of the same or a different material non susceptible to environmental attack, in particular a connection opening through a machinery casing, the system comprising a protective liner of a resistant material, a rigid coupling and seal at a first end of the protective liner, configured to rigidly couple said first end with the first surface of material non susceptible to environmental attack, and a rigid or non-rigid coupling at a second end or portion of the protective liner, the rigid or non-rigid coupling being configured to rigidly or non- rigidly couple said second end or portion of the protective liner with the second surface of material susceptible to environmental attack.
  • Fig.1 shows a schematic of an exemplary thermally compliant protection liner coupling system, configured to establish a heat-expansion compliant protection against environmental damage on a surface 1 of a material 3 susceptible to environmental attack.
  • the surface 1 of a material 3 susceptible to environmental attack is a connection opening 6 through a machinery casing 7.
  • the thermally compliant protection liner coupling system comprises a protective liner 10 of a resistant material, covering the surface 1.
  • the surfaces 2 and 4 of the material 3 are protected from environmental attack by means of a protective treatment, such as cladding, and will be consequently identified in the rest of the present disclosure, as a first surface 2 and a second surface 4 of material non susceptible to environmental attack.
  • the protective liner 10 of a resistant material, covering the surface 1 extends from the first surface 2 of a material non susceptible to environmental attack to the second surface 4 of material non susceptible to environmental attack.
  • a first end 11 of the protective liner 10 is rigidly coupled with the first surface 2 of material non susceptible to environmental attack, and a portion 13 of the protective liner 10, in an intermediate position between the first end 11 and the second end 12 of the protective liner 10, is rigidly or non-rigidly coupled with the second surface 4 of material non susceptible to environmental attack, that is through a weld 15.
  • Fig.2 illustrates a second embodiment of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system.
  • the same reference numbers designate the same or corresponding parts, elements or components already illustrated in Fig.l and described above, and which will not be described again.
  • a second liner 20 is used to cover the protective liner 10.
  • the second liner 20 can be made of the same material of the protective liner 10.
  • the second liner 20 can be made of a different resistant material. This embodiment reduces heat transfer to the protective liner 10, which is consequently subjected to reduced axial thermal stress.
  • FIG.3 a further embodiment of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system is shown in Fig.3.
  • the same reference numbers designate the same or corresponding parts, elements or components already illustrated in Fig.2 and described above, and which will not be described again.
  • the thermally compliant protection liner coupling system of Fig.3 connects a first surface 2 of a material 3 non-susceptible to environmental attack to a second surface 4’ of a material non-susceptible to environmental attack.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 3 differs from the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2 mainly in that the rigid or non-rigid coupling at the portion 13 of the protective liner 10 is not welded but is slidingly contacted to the second surface 4’.
  • an embossment 16 is present at the portion 13 of the protective liner 10.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system.
  • the same reference numbers used in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are used in Fig. 4 to designate the same or corresponding parts, components or elements, which will not be described again.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 4 differs from the embodiment of Fig. 3 mainly in that the rigid or non-rigid coupling at the second end 12 of the protective liner 10 is slidingly contacted to the second surface 4’ non-susceptible to environmental attack through an elastic folding 17, configured to slidingly contact the second surface 4’.
  • thermally compliant protection liner coupling system differs from that of Fig.3 only in that a filler 18 is positioned in the interspace amongst the second surface 4’, the protective liner 10 and the rigid or non-rigid coupling.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a further embodiment of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system.
  • the same reference numbers used in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are used in Fig. 6 to designate the same or corresponding parts, components or elements, which will not be described again.
  • the liner 10 is composed of two separate portions, with an intermediate energized seal 19 arranged in between.
  • the protective liner 10 is made of two components of different materials, namely a first protective liner component 10’ and a second protective liner component 10”.
  • the first protective liner component 10’ and a second protective liner component 10” are chosen by considering the thermal expansion coefficient a and the length 1 to be protected of the surface of material susceptible to environmental attack and choosing the first protective liner component 10’ so that, if the first protective liner component 10’ has a thermal expansion coefficient al and the second protective liner component 10” has a thermal expansion coefficient a2, then a first end 11’ of the first protective liner component 10’ is rigidly coupled and sealed to the first surface 2 of material non susceptible to environmental attack, a first end 11” of the second protective liner component 10” is rigidly or non-rigidly coupled to the second surface 4 of material non-susceptible to environmental attack; and the second end 12’ of the first protective liner component 10’ is rigidly coupled and sealed to the surface of the second protective liner component 10”, at a distance (12) from the position of the coupling between the first material non-susceptible to environmental attack, the length (11) of the first protective liner component, is
  • thermally compliant protection liner coupling system a further embodiment of the thermally compliant protection liner coupling system is disclosed.
  • the same reference numbers used in Figs. 1-7 are used in Fig. 8 to designate the same or corresponding parts, components or elements, which will not be described again.
  • pretightening means are present to pre-tighten the protective liner 10 along its axis of thermal expansion.
  • the pre-tightening means comprise a threaded ring 21.
  • thermal expansion is compensated through the pretightening system creating an axial pre-load so that in actual working condition the liner 10 is unloaded by the thermal load.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 8 also shows the rigid coupling and seal at a first end 11 of the protective liner 10 including a thrust pad 14’ and a sealing weld 14”.
  • Fig. 9 discloses a further embodiment of the thermally compliant protection liner coupling system.
  • the thermally compliant protection liner coupling system of Fig. 9 differs from that of Fig.8 only in that the rigid coupling and seal at the first end 11 of the protective liner 10 includes a structural weld 14.
  • thermally compliant protection liner coupling system differs from that of Fig.9 only in that the pre-tightening means comprise a structural weld 22. According to this embodiment, the welding is performed after a preliminary step of pre-tightening.
  • thermally compliant protection liner coupling system differs from that of Fig.9 only in that an external piping 23 is coupled, through a weld 24, with the surface 4 non susceptible to environmental attack.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates a further embodiment of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system.
  • the same reference numbers used in Figs. 1-11 are used in Fig. 12 to designate the same or corresponding parts, components or elements, which will not be described again.
  • the thermally compliant protection liner coupling system of Fig. 12 differs from that of Fig.9 only in that a thermal expansion compensation collar 25 is interposed between the second surface of material 4 non-susceptible to environmental attack and the pre-tightening threaded ring 21, to compensate the thermal expansion.
  • thermally compliant protection liner coupling system mainly differs from that of Fig.12 in that it shows a section view of a real application of the system. Additionally, the embodiment of Fig.13 also shows a second liner 20 of resistant material, covering the protective liner 10.
  • thermally compliant protection liner coupling system differs from that of Fig.12 in that the rigid coupling and seal at a first end 11 of the protective liner 10 is obtained by welding the protective liner 10 with a thrust pad 14’.
  • the protective liner 10 and the thrust pad 14’ are inserted in the opening through the material 3 from two opposite sides and subsequently sealed to one another by means of a sealing weld 26. Subsequently, pre-tightening is obtained by means of the threaded ring 21.
  • Fig. 15 illustrates a further embodiment of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system.
  • the thermally compliant protection liner coupling system of Fig. 15 differs from that of Fig.14 in that the rigid coupling and seal at a first end 11 of the protective liner 10 is additionally ob- tained by welding the thrust pad 14’ to the first surface 2 non-susceptible to environmental attack by means of a sealing weld 14”.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a last embodiment of a thermally compliant protection liner coupling system.
  • the thermally compliant protection liner coupling system of Fig. 16 differs from that of Fig.12 in that the protective liner 10 is rigidly coupled and sealed at the first end 11 with the first surface 2 non-susceptible to environmental attack, through a structural weld 14the other side of the protective liner 10 being slidingly coupled with a thermal expansion compensation collar 25.
  • the thermal expansion compensation collar 25 is configured to maintain the protective liner 10 aligned along its axis, at the same time limiting the stress on the structural weld 14 due to the axial expansion of the protective liner 10.
  • the thermal expansion compensation collar 25 is slidingly coupled to a second compensation collar 27 through a conical coupling surface, interposed between the thermal expansion compensation collar 25 and the surface of material 4 non susceptible to environmental attack.
  • the external surface of the second compensation collar 27 is threated to couple with a threaded ring 21, configured to slide the thermal expansion compensation collar 25 with respect to the conical coupling surface, tightening the thermal expansion compensation collar 25 to the protective liner 10.
  • the thermal expansion compensation collar 25 can be realized as a solid continuous ring, an open ring, a ring including one or more partial cuts or can be made of a plurality of sectors. This embodiment can be for example applicable to operate at high pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant d'établir une protection conforme à la dilatation thermique contre des dommages environnementaux sur une surface d'un matériau sensible à une agression environnementale et de relier une première surface d'un matériau non sensible à une agression environnementale, c'est-à-dire un matériau résistant et/ou protégé et/ou non exposé à une agression environnementale et une seconde surface de celui-ci ou un matériau différent non sensible à une agression environnementale, c'est-à-dire un matériau résistant et/ou protégé et/ou non exposé à une agression environnementale, en particulier une ouverture de connexion à travers un boîtier de machine, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à : - recouvrir la surface de matériau sensible à une agression environnementale avec un revêtement protecteur d'un matériau résistant, - coupler et sceller de manière rigide une première extrémité du revêtement protecteur sur l'une des surfaces de matériau non sensible à une agression environnementale, - coupler de manière rigide ou non rigide la seconde extrémité du revêtement protecteur avec l'autre surface de matériau non sensible à une agression environnementale. L'invention concerne également un système de couplage de revêtement de protection thermiquement conforme, configuré pour établir une protection conforme à la dilatation thermique contre des dommages environnementaux sur une surface (1) d'un matériau sensible à une agression environnementale et pour relier une première surface (2) d'un matériau non sensible à une agression environnementale et une seconde surface (4, 4') de celui-ci ou un matériau différent non sensible à une agression environnementale, en particulier une ouverture de connexion à travers un boîtier de machine, le système comprenant un revêtement de protection (10) en un matériau résistant, un accouplement rigide et un joint d'étanchéité (14, 14') au niveau d'une première extrémité (11) du revêtement de protection (10), configuré pour coupler de manière rigide ladite première extrémité (11) avec la première surface (2) de matériau (3) non sensible à une agression environnementale, et un accouplement rigide ou non rigide au niveau d'une seconde extrémité (12) ou d'une partie (13) du revêtement de protection (10), l'accouplement rigide ou non rigide étant configuré pour accoupler de manière rigide ou non rigide ladite seconde extrémité (12) ou partie (13) du revêtement de protection (10) avec la seconde surface (4, 4') de matériau non sensible à une agression environnementale.
PCT/EP2025/060920 2024-04-22 2025-04-22 Procédé pour établir une protection thermiquement conforme contre une agression environnementale sur des raccords de machine et système de couplage de revêtement de protection thermiquement conforme Pending WO2025224100A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102024000009073 2024-04-22
IT202400009073 2024-04-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025224100A1 true WO2025224100A1 (fr) 2025-10-30

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2025/060920 Pending WO2025224100A1 (fr) 2024-04-22 2025-04-22 Procédé pour établir une protection thermiquement conforme contre une agression environnementale sur des raccords de machine et système de couplage de revêtement de protection thermiquement conforme

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025224100A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2133518A1 (en) * 1971-04-16 1972-12-01 Babcock Atlantique Sa Heat exchanger tube plate - with corrosion resistant facing retained without welding to plate
US3834740A (en) * 1969-11-22 1974-09-10 Siemens Ag Connecting piece for pressure vessel cover of nuclear reactors
US4317483A (en) * 1977-09-13 1982-03-02 Jean-Hughes Denis Heat exchanger
US20150086440A1 (en) * 2012-05-03 2015-03-26 Stamicarbon B.V. Method for manufacturing a tube sheet and heat exchanger assembly for a pool reactor or pool condenser; corresponding tube sheet and heat exchanger assembly

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3834740A (en) * 1969-11-22 1974-09-10 Siemens Ag Connecting piece for pressure vessel cover of nuclear reactors
FR2133518A1 (en) * 1971-04-16 1972-12-01 Babcock Atlantique Sa Heat exchanger tube plate - with corrosion resistant facing retained without welding to plate
US4317483A (en) * 1977-09-13 1982-03-02 Jean-Hughes Denis Heat exchanger
US20150086440A1 (en) * 2012-05-03 2015-03-26 Stamicarbon B.V. Method for manufacturing a tube sheet and heat exchanger assembly for a pool reactor or pool condenser; corresponding tube sheet and heat exchanger assembly

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