BRPI0813931A2 - Hidrotratamento em duas etapas de uma carga oriunda de uma fonte renovável, utilizando um primeiro catalisador metálico e um segundo catalisador sulfurado - Google Patents

Hidrotratamento em duas etapas de uma carga oriunda de uma fonte renovável, utilizando um primeiro catalisador metálico e um segundo catalisador sulfurado

Info

Publication number
BRPI0813931A2
BRPI0813931A2 BRPI0813931-8A BRPI0813931A BRPI0813931A2 BR PI0813931 A2 BRPI0813931 A2 BR PI0813931A2 BR PI0813931 A BRPI0813931 A BR PI0813931A BR PI0813931 A2 BRPI0813931 A2 BR PI0813931A2
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
catalyst
charge
renewable source
sulfur
metal catalyst
Prior art date
Application number
BRPI0813931-8A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Quentin Debuisschert
Jean Cosyns
Thierry Chapus
Damen Hudebine
Original Assignee
Inst Francais Du Petrole
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inst Francais Du Petrole filed Critical Inst Francais Du Petrole
Publication of BRPI0813931A2 publication Critical patent/BRPI0813931A2/pt

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
    • C07C1/207—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds
    • C07C1/2078—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds by a transformation in which at least one -C(=O)-O- moiety is eliminated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
    • C10G3/46—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/47—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G51/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only
    • C10G51/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural serial stages only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/12—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation
    • C11C3/123—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation using catalysts based principally on nickel or derivates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4018—Spatial velocity, e.g. LHSV, WHSV
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
    • C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
    • C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
    • C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
BRPI0813931-8A 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Hidrotratamento em duas etapas de uma carga oriunda de uma fonte renovável, utilizando um primeiro catalisador metálico e um segundo catalisador sulfurado BRPI0813931A2 (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0704226A FR2917423B1 (fr) 2007-06-12 2007-06-12 Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure
PCT/FR2008/000754 WO2009004180A2 (fr) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Hydrotraitement en deux etapes d'une charge issue d'une source renouvelable mettant en oeuvre un premier catalyseur metallique et un deuxieme catalyseur sulfure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BRPI0813931A2 true BRPI0813931A2 (pt) 2015-08-25

Family

ID=38965679

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BRPI0813931-8A BRPI0813931A2 (pt) 2007-06-12 2008-06-03 Hidrotratamento em duas etapas de uma carga oriunda de uma fonte renovável, utilizando um primeiro catalisador metálico e um segundo catalisador sulfurado

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US8674151B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP2167614A2 (pt)
JP (1) JP5337797B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR101509272B1 (pt)
CN (2) CN101679875A (pt)
BR (1) BRPI0813931A2 (pt)
CA (1) CA2689990A1 (pt)
FR (1) FR2917423B1 (pt)
MY (1) MY157822A (pt)
WO (1) WO2009004180A2 (pt)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2917424B1 (fr) * 2007-06-12 2012-10-19 Inst Francais Du Petrole Production de charges de vapocraquage a haut rendement en ethylene, propylene et polymeres resultants par hydrotraitement d'huile vegetales
US8231804B2 (en) 2008-12-10 2012-07-31 Syntroleum Corporation Even carbon number paraffin composition and method of manufacturing same
FR2943071B1 (fr) * 2009-03-10 2011-05-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'hydrodesoxygenation de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec conversion limitee en decarboxylation mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de nickel et de molybdene
FR2949475B1 (fr) * 2009-09-02 2012-04-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables en co-traitement avec une charge petroliere mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de molybdene
FR2949476B1 (fr) * 2009-09-02 2012-08-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables en co-traitement avec une charge petroliere mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de nickel et de molybdene
FR2951732B1 (fr) * 2009-10-27 2012-08-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'hydrotraitement de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec chauffe indirecte mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de nickel et de molybdene presentant un rapport atomique particulier
FR2951733B1 (fr) * 2009-10-27 2012-08-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'hydrotraitement de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec chauffe indirecte mettant en oeuvre un catalyseur a base de molybdene
FR2951734B1 (fr) * 2009-10-27 2012-08-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'hydrotraitement de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec chauffe indirecte
FR2953854B1 (fr) * 2009-12-16 2012-12-28 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables avec pretraitement des charges par dephosphatation a chaud
JP5864946B2 (ja) * 2010-08-04 2016-02-17 新日鐵住金株式会社 アルミニウム合金板の温間成形用潤滑油、アルミニウム合金板及びその温間成形方法
CO6620012A1 (es) * 2011-08-09 2013-02-15 Ecopetrol Sa Método mejorado para la obtención de diesel a partir de fuentes renovables mediante el control del nivel de insaturación
PL221207B1 (pl) * 2012-11-26 2016-03-31 Inst Chemii Przemysłowej Im Prof Ignacego Mościckiego Sposób otrzymywania węglowodorów parafinowych z tłuszczów pochodzenia naturalnego
JP6130516B2 (ja) * 2013-01-24 2017-05-17 ファンダシオン テクナリア リサーチ アンド イノベイション １、４：３、６−ジアンヒドロヘキシトールジ（アルキルカーボネート）類を製造するための改善された方法
US20150005551A1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-01 Syntroleum Corporation Method of processing adulterated biomass feedstocks
WO2016064362A1 (en) 2014-10-20 2016-04-28 Netaş Telekomüni̇kasyon Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Encrypted messaging method over the smart cards
CN104610004B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-24 浙江大学 一种以微藻油为原料低氢耗制备长链烷烃的方法
CN104673352B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2016-09-14 浙江大学 一种以地沟油为原料低氢耗制备长链烷烃的方法
PL233307B1 (pl) 2015-08-28 2019-09-30 Inst Chemii Przemyslowej Im Prof Ignacego Moscickiego Sposób otrzymywania biowęglowodorów ciekłych z olejów pochodzenia naturalnego
US10876050B2 (en) * 2019-03-01 2020-12-29 Uop Llc Process for producing diesel fuel from a biorenewable feed

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5403806A (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-04-04 Union Oil Company Of California Phosphorous-containing hydroprocessing catalyst and method of preparation
JPH07232935A (ja) * 1994-02-22 1995-09-05 A G Technol Kk ガラス物品の化学強化方法
US5959167A (en) * 1997-08-25 1999-09-28 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Process for conversion of lignin to reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline
EP1120454A3 (en) * 2000-01-25 2002-01-30 Haldor Topsoe A/S Process for reducting content of sulphur compounds and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon feed
US7232935B2 (en) * 2002-09-06 2007-06-19 Fortum Oyj Process for producing a hydrocarbon component of biological origin
JP3818510B2 (ja) 2003-01-31 2006-09-06 輝之 倉知 座用家具の背凭れ取付機構およびこれを備えた座用家具
BRPI0500591A (pt) * 2005-02-18 2006-10-03 Petroleo Brasileiro Sa processo para a hidroconversão de óleos vegetais
EP1795576B1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2014-05-21 Neste Oil Oyj Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbons
US7888542B2 (en) * 2005-12-12 2011-02-15 Neste Oil Oyj Process for producing a saturated hydrocarbon component
US7459597B2 (en) * 2005-12-13 2008-12-02 Neste Oil Oyj Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbons
FR2910483B1 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2010-07-30 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de conversion de charges issues de sources renouvelables en bases carburants gazoles de bonne qualite.
FR2910484B1 (fr) 2006-12-22 2009-03-06 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procedes d'hydrotraitement d'un melange constitue d'huiles d'origine vegetale ou animale et de coupes petrolieres avec injection des huiles en trempe sur le dernier lit catalytique
US7999142B2 (en) * 2007-09-20 2011-08-16 Uop Llc Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks
US8026401B2 (en) * 2007-12-20 2011-09-27 Syntroleum Corporation Hydrodeoxygenation process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2917423A1 (fr) 2008-12-19
US8674151B2 (en) 2014-03-18
CN101679875A (zh) 2010-03-24
EP2167614A2 (fr) 2010-03-31
FR2917423B1 (fr) 2012-11-30
JP5337797B2 (ja) 2013-11-06
JP2010529981A (ja) 2010-09-02
US20100292518A1 (en) 2010-11-18
WO2009004180A3 (fr) 2009-02-26
KR101509272B1 (ko) 2015-04-06
KR20100040719A (ko) 2010-04-20
MY157822A (en) 2016-07-29
CN104726126A (zh) 2015-06-24
CA2689990A1 (fr) 2009-01-08
WO2009004180A2 (fr) 2009-01-08

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B07A Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]
B08F Application dismissed because of non-payment of annual fees [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]
B08K Patent lapsed as no evidence of payment of the annual fee has been furnished to inpi [chapter 8.11 patent gazette]