BRPI0908061B1 - Instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica - Google Patents
Instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/00292—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
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- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
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- A61B2017/2933—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
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- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
- A61B2018/1452—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting
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- A61B2090/0807—Indication means
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- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica a presente invenção refere-se a um instrumento médico tendo um conjunto de garras opostas que podem ser articuladas, tanto à esquerda como à direita, a partir de uma linha de centro. o instrumento tem um raio de curvatura apropriado e suporte para o elemento de atuação de garras e um elemento de acionamento de cortador. o suporte flexível para os elementos de acionamento compreende molas espirais apertadamente enroladas. outra modalidade da presente invenção controla o grau de articulação no manípulo do instrumento laparoscópico. uma outra modalidade da presente invenção incorpora um mecanismo de trava para impedir o movimento do punho enquanto o usuário executa outras operações no dispositivo. o mecanismo de trava inclui ainda um recurso de indexação com o qual o usuário pode indexar ou escolher a quantidade necessária de ângulo entre ângulos predefinidos.
Description
Relatório Descritivo da Patente de Invenção para INSTRUMENTO DE APREENSÃO LAPAROSCÓPICA.
ANTECEDENTES DA INVENÇÃO
Campo Técnico [001] A presente invenção refere-se a dispositivos médicos para uso durante procedimentos laparoscópicos. Mais particularmente, a presente invenção refere-se a um método e aparelho para articular o punho de um instrumento de fixação laparoscópica.
Descrição da Técnica Anterior [002] A cirurgia laparoscópica, também chamada de cirurgia minimamente invasiva (MIS), cirurgia do Band-Aid, cirurgia de invasão mínima (keyhole) ou cirurgia de videolaparoscopia (pinhole) é uma técnica cirúrgica moderna na qual as operações no abdome são realizadas através de pequenas incisões, geralmente de 0,5 a 1,5 cm, em comparação com as incisões maiores necessárias nos procedimentos cirúrgicos tradicionais. A cirurgia laparoscópica inclui operações no interior da cavidade abdominal ou pélvica, enquanto que a cirurgia de invasão mínima (keyhole) realizada na cavidade torácica ou tórax é chamada de cirurgia toracoscópica. As cirurgias laparoscópica e toracoscópica pertencem ao campo mais amplo da endoscopia.
[003] O elemento-chave na cirurgia laparoscópica é o uso de um laparoscópio: um sistema de haste de lentes telescópicas, que é normalmente conectado a uma câmera de vídeo (de um único chip ou três chips). É também fixado um sistema de cabo de fibra ótica conectado a uma fonte de luz fria (halógena ou xenônio), para iluminar o campo operatório, inserida através de uma cânula de 5 mm ou 10 mm para visualizar o campo operatório. O abdome é de modo geral insuflado com gás de dióxido de carbono a fim de criar um espaço de trabalho e visão. O abdômen é essencialmente soprado como um balão (insuflado), elevando a parede abdominal acima dos órgãos internos, como um domo.
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2/14
O gás utilizado é o CO2, já que é comum ao corpo humano e pode ser removido pelo sistema respiratório quando se absorve através do tecido. Este gás é também não inflamável, sendo isto importante devido ao fato de que dispositivos eletrocirúrgicos são comumente usados em procedimentos laparoscópicos.
[004] A cirurgia é realizada durante um procedimento laparoscópico com qualquer uma das várias ferramentas que normalmente são dispostas em uma extremidade de uma haste longa e que são operáveis por meio da manipulação de um manípulo ou outro atuador posicionado na outra extremidade da haste.
[005] Uma área da cirurgia laparoscópica que é atualmente objeto de interesse é a da eletrocauterização. A eletrocauterização, também chamada de cirurgia elétrica ou eletrocirurgia, é o processo de destruição do tecido com eletricidade e é amplamente utilizado na cirurgia moderna. O procedimento é frequentemente usado para parar o sangramento de pequenos vasos, de vasos maiores que são ligados, ou para o corte através dos tecidos moles, ou seja, da gordura abdominal em uma laparotomia ou do tecido mamário em uma mastectomia.
[006] Um problema com os dispositivos de eletrocauterização do estado da técnica para o uso durante um procedimento laparoscópico é a gama limitada de movimento oferecida pelas garras de tais dispositivos, e a dificuldade encontrada por um cirurgião no posicionamento de tais dispositivos, e o funcionamento de tais dispositivos através de uma série de movimentos durante um procedimento laparoscópico.
SUMÁRIO DA INVENÇÃO [007] A presente invenção provê um método e aparelho para articular o punho de um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica. O instrumento médico atualmente preferido tem um conjunto de garras opostas que podem ser articuladas, tanto à esquerda e à direita, de uma linha
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3/14 de centro. A presente invenção provê ainda um raio de curvatura adequado e suporte para o elemento de atuação das garras e um elemento de acionamento do cortador. O suporte flexível para os elementos de atuação na modalidade presentemente preferida da invenção compreende molas espirais apertadamente enroladas.
[008] Outra modalidade da presente invenção inclui um método para controlar o grau de articulação no manípulo do instrumento laparoscópico. Uma outra modalidade da presente invenção incorpora um mecanismo de trava para impedir o movimento do punho quando o usuário executa outras operações no dispositivo. O mecanismo de trava inclui ainda um recurso de indexação com o qual o usuário pode indexar e escolher a quantidade necessária de ângulo entre ângulos predefinidos.
BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DOS DESENHOS [009] a figura 1 é um diagrama em perspectiva mostrando o punho de um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0010] a figura 2 é uma vista em planta mostrando o punho de um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0011] a figura 3 é uma vista esquemática mostrando uma seção superior de um mecanismo de controle de articulação de punho de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0012] a figura 4 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva mostrando um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0013] a figura 5 é uma outra vista em perspectiva de um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção; [0014] a figura 6 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva de um
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4/14 mecanismo de indexação de um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0015] a figura 7 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva de um mecanismo de retenção para um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0016] a figura 8 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva de um mecanismo de retenção e indexação para um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0017] a figura 9 é uma vista esquemática em planta de um mecanismo de retenção de esferas escalonadas para um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0018] a figura 10 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva do mecanismo de retenção de esferas escalonadas para um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0019] a figura 11 é uma segunda vista esquemática em perspectiva do mecanismo de retenção de esferas escalonadas de um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0020] a figura 12 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva de um mecanismo de trava de empurrar para o controle da articulação de um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0021] a figura 13 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva sombreada do mecanismo de trava de empurrar para um mecanismo de controle de articulação em um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
[0022] a figura 14 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva de um botão de agarrar para o mecanismo de trava de empurrar em um controle de articulação para um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica de acordo com a presente invenção;
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5/14 [0023] a figura 15 é uma vista em perspectiva, parcialmente em seção de um dispositivo laparoscópico, mostrando um elemento de atuação de acordo com a presente invenção; e [0024] a figura 16 é uma perspectiva de um conjunto de atuação de uma lâmina de dispositivo laparoscópico, de acordo com a presente invenção.
DESCRIÇÃO DETALHADA DA INVENÇÃO [0025] A presente invenção provê um método e aparelho para a articulação do punho de um instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica. O instrumento médico atualmente preferido tem um conjunto de garras opostas que podem ser articuladas, por exemplo, 45 graus ou diferente disso, como desejado, tanto à esquerda como à direita, da linha de centro. A presente invenção provê ainda um raio de curvatura adequado e suporte para o elemento de atuação de garra e do elemento de acionamento de cortador. O suporte flexível para os elementos de acionamento na modalidade presentemente preferida da invenção compreende molas espirais apertadamente enroladas.
[0026] Outra modalidade da presente invenção inclui um método para controlar o grau de articulação no manípulo do instrumento laparoscópico. Uma outra modalidade da presente invenção incorpora um mecanismo de trava para impedir o movimento do punho enquanto o usuário executa outras operações no dispositivo. O mecanismo de trava inclui ainda um recurso de indexação com o qual o usuário pode indexar e escolher a quantidade necessária de ângulo entre ângulos predefinidos.
[0027] A modalidade presentemente preferida da invenção compreende um instrumento médico, de preferência para a realização de um procedimento laparoscópico, que compreende um conjunto de vértebras pivotantes que são conectadas entre si por meio de pinos ou por meio de um encaixe automático. Cada vértebra é adaptada para pivotar
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6/14 com relação a uma haste do dispositivo ou conjunto de garras, permitindo, assim, uma articulação à esquerda e à direita. O grau de articulação é controlado por meio de fios ou cabos que percorrem os dois lados de um punho do dispositivo. Os fios são, em seguida, encaminhados para baixo da haste e conectados em tensão a um mecanismo de controle em um manípulo do dispositivo. Os cabos ou fios são usados para transferir as forças do manípulo para o punho.
[0028] As vértebras formam o raio de curvatura apropriado de modo a permitir que um elemento de transferência de força, como, por exemplo, um fio, passe através do punho sem torcer o fio. Além disso, em uma modalidade, uma mola espiral apertadamente enrolada é alojada dentro das juntas do punho de modo a orientar o dito fio. A mola espiral apertadamente enrolada provê um suporte adicional ao fio, de tal modo que, quando o fio se movimenta de uma direção proximal para uma direção distal, o mesmo não se dobre ou torça.
[0029] O mecanismo de controle no manípulo consiste em um conjunto rotativo que recebe os elementos de transferência de força do punho. O conjunto rotativo é montado de maneira pivotável no manípulo, e a forma do mecanismo de controle permite a rotação concêntrica sobre o pivô de modo que o movimento no sentido do comprimento dos fios ou cabos ao longo da haste possa ser controlado, com base na distância a partir do pivô para o ponto de fixação dos ditos fios ou cabos. O ângulo de articulação é controlado pela distância que o elemento de transferência de força faz, sendo esta determinada pela geometria do punho.
[0030] Existem várias modalidades que compreendem um recurso de trava e indexação da presente invenção:
[0031] Em uma primeira modalidade, uma mola de aço é formada em uma geometria que desvia quando uma força é aplicada, tal como
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7/14 uma mola de folhas. A mola de folhas fica alojada dentro de um transportador circular, com apenas a porção deformável da mola sendo acessível e projetando-se a partir de um transportador circular. Um elemento rotativo com uma porção circular removida de sua área de pivô se encaixa sobre o transportador circular. Um padrão de dentes é também removido de todo o diâmetro interno da porção circular do elemento rotativo. O elemento rotativo inclui braços que se estendem desde o seu corpo central ao qual o cabo ou fios são fixados. A mola em forma de folha se projeta para dentro dos entalhes criados pelo padrão de dentes. O ângulo de articulação é controlado por meio da determinação das distâncias entre os dentes e a distância do ponto de fixação do cabo ou fios até o ponto de pivô.
[0032] Em uma segunda modalidade, um êmbolo de mola é montado dentro do transportador circular. A mola de êmbolo se casa com os entalhes criados pelo padrão de dentes.
[0033] Em uma terceira modalidade, o elemento rotativo descrito acima não tem braços que se estendem a partir do centro do seu corpo. Uma asa é montada na parte superior do elemento rotativo. A asa é, em seguida, manipulada de modo a controlar a rotação em torno do transportador circular.
[0034] Em uma quarta modalidade, uma dobradiça viva de plástico é montada próximo ao manípulo. A dobradiça viva de plástico utiliza uma forma em V que se encaixa dentro de uma fenda de um estojo externo que envolve a dobradiça viva. A ponta da forma em V se projeta a partir de cada fenda. Há uma série de fendas ao longo do comprimento do estojo externo. O estojo se encaixa no cabo e fios que controlam a articulação do punho. O usuário pode ajustar e travar a articulação do punho, primeiramente ao pressionar a dobradiça viva para baixo a fim de se desengatar da posição travada presente, em seguida ao moviPetição 870190030665, de 29/03/2019, pág. 12/27
8/14 mentar o estojo externo a partir de uma posição proximal para uma posição distal, ou vice-versa, o qual, em seguida, se trava ao se encaixar novamente na dobradiça viva a qualquer dentre várias distâncias predeterminadas pelas fendas. Estas distâncias determinam o ângulo no qual o punho é articulado.
[0035] Em uma quinta modalidade, o mecanismo de rotação acima descrito gira livremente em torno do pivô. Quando o usuário determina o ângulo de articulação, o botão montado em cima do pivô é pressionado, o que trava o ângulo de punho e o mecanismo de rotação, impedindo, assim, qualquer movimento adicional de ambos o mecanismo de rotação e o punho. Isto pode ser obtido mediante o uso de um desenho em forma de cunha que é ancorado dentro do pino de pivô, que, na presente modalidade, é um tubo. Um mínimo de uma fenda única é projetado para o pino de pivô. Quando o botão é pressionado, as propriedades elásticas inerentes do botão alargam-se a partir da fenda. O material alargado usa o atrito para impedir o movimento do mecanismo de rotação. O botão em si continua no lugar devido a um desenho de cunha na sua parte superior.
[0036] Após a apresentação acima, será provida a seguir uma explicação mais detalhada da presente invenção com relação às figuras 1 a 14.
[0037] A figura 1 é uma primeira vista em perspectiva de um dispositivo laparoscópico de acordo com a presente invenção. A figura 1 é uma vista parcial que mostra a haste principal 24 do dispositivo e o conjunto de garras 25, que é composto de uma garra superior 13 e uma garra inferior 11. Nesta modalidade da presente invenção, a garra superior é pivotável para fora da e em direção à garra inferior sobre um ponto do pivô 17, que, na presente modalidade, é composto de um pino ou eixo. Em outras modalidades da presente invenção, a garra inferior pode ser também pivotável, mas na modalidade mostrada na figura 1, a
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9/14 garra inferior é fixa. O movimento em pivô da garra superior é feito por meio da transmissão de tensão para um pino de atuação de garra 18, que é móvel, em uma fenda de atuação 19. Tipicamente, a tensão é aplicada por meio de um cabo conectado ao pino de atuação de garra. Desta maneira, é feito o movimento das garras. As garras em si são configuradas para procedimentos laparoscópicos, tais como o eletrocautério ou o corte de tecido. Por conseguinte, conforme mostrado na garra inferior 11, é provido um eletrodo distal 12, incorporado no transportador de plástico 15. Um segundo eletrodo proximal 15 é também mostrado. Uma ranhura de corte 14 é mostrada para o alojamento de uma lâmina durante uma operação de corte. A lâmina não é mostrada na figura 1.
[0038] Durante os procedimentos laparoscópicos, é desejável poder posicionar as garras do dispositivo da esquerda para a direita de modo a obter o melhor ângulo de abordagem ao tecido a ser tratado. O principal aspecto da presente invenção é a provisão de um punho articulado 22, que é composto por uma pluralidade de discos de articulação ou vértebras 21. A articulação é feita ao tensionar um par de cabos apresentados a seguir, uma terminação dos quais sendo mostrada na figura 1 como um fio, que é soldado ou frisado em uma ranhura em um ponto de terminação de cabo 20. Além disso, a figura 1 mostra uma trava para um tubo de haste ou mecanismo de fixação externo a fim de manter o punho no tubo. Isso é mostrado por uma fenda de aperto 23.
[0039] A figura 2 é uma vista superior ou em planta do dispositivo laparoscópico, mostrando as garras 25 e a haste 24. Em particular, o punho articulado 22 é mostrado em maior detalhe. Nesta modalidade, uma pluralidade de vértebras compreende discos articulados pivotantes, cujos discos 21 são articulados uns aos outros e compreendem uma série de saliências em forma de esferas 27, que se encaixam em ranhuras complementares 28. O conjunto de garras 25 nesta modalidade
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10/14 mostra uma saliência em forma de esfera 29, que se encaixa em uma ranhura do disco de articulação e a haste 24 inclui uma ranhura complementar 30 para o alojamento de uma saliência em forma de esfera de um disco articulante. Como se pode observar na figura 2, um cabo 31 é também mostrado. O cabo é um conjunto de bainha de tubo enrolado que, na presente modalidade, é usado para operar uma lâmina dentro da garra. O conjunto em espiral permite que o cabo se dobre com a articulação do dispositivo, sem torcer, como acima apresentado.
[0040] A figura 3 é uma vista esquemática lateral parcialmente em seção de um mecanismo de ativação 32 para a operação da junta de articulação. Na figura 3, um controle de articulação de punho 33 é mostrado, dotado de duas lâminas atuadas pelo dedo de modo a girar o controle sobre um ponto de pivô 35. Essa ação pivotante respectivamente aplica atenção e chama a atenção a partir de um par de cabos de controle 34a, 34b, que, nesta modalidade da presente invenção, são cabos pré-tensionados Nitinol. Os versados na técnica irão apreciar que outros materiais de cabo poderão ser utilizados. A operação do controle de articulação de punho faz com que um cabo exerça tração sobre o conjunto de garras 25, fazendo, assim, com que o conjunto de garras se movimente para a esquerda ou direita, conforme desejado. O aspecto principal da presente invenção é a provisão dos discos de articulação, que permitem que tal articulação ocorra. No estado da técnica, sabe-se que mecanismos como cutelos ou outros mecanismos de flexão podem ser providos. No entanto, estes dois mecanismos são submetidos à tensão, o que reduz a sua eficácia ao longo do tempo, e mantêm um efeito de memória, de tal forma que há uma tendência para que os mesmos voltem à sua posição inicial, ao invés de manter uma posição desejada por parte do cirurgião que utiliza o dispositivo. A presente invenção evita ambos os efeitos deletérios durante a operação do dispositivo.
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11/14 [0041] A figura 4 é uma vista em perspectiva de um dispositivo laparoscópico de acordo com a presente invenção, mostrando um alojamento 43 dotado de um manípulo 44 e um gatilho de ativação de garra 45 que opera uma ligação de quatro barras ou outro tipo de ligação 46 a fim de transmitir tensão através da haste principal 24 e, assim, operam as garras no sentido de abrir e fechar as mesmas, conforme desejado. Também é mostrado na figura 4 um atuador de lâmina 42, por meio do qual uma lâmina pode ser arrastada através da ranhura acima apresentada. Um rotador de haste 41 permite que a haste seja girada em torno de um acesso de haste, enquanto o controle de articulação de punho 33 permite que o mecanismo de punho seja operado. Observa-se que, na figura 4, o controle de articulação de punho inclui uma fenda de controle 40 que tanto orienta como contém o percurso do controle de articulação de punho 33.
[0042] A figura 5 é uma vista em perspectiva de uma outra modalidade da presente invenção, na qual o rotador de haste 51 fica contido dentro do estojo 57. Esta modalidade da presente invenção inclui ainda um atuador de lâmina 52, um controle de articulação de punho 53, um manípulo 54, e um gatilho de atuação de garra 55.
[0043] A figura 6 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva do controle de atuação de punho do dispositivo laparoscópico mostrado na figura 5. Uma porção de base 66 suporta uma saliência de anel 65, que, por sua vez, acomoda o controle 53. Os cabos tensionados 34a, 34b são mostrados dotados de esferas de terminação, que provêm um travamento de cabo 64a, 64b. Os cabos são roscados através do atuador de controle 53 através das respectivas ranhuras 63a, 63b. Um disco de indexação 61 inclui uma pluralidade de retentores 62. Uma mola chata 61 é disposta de modo a se encaixar dentro dos ditos retentores de modo a prover um mecanismo de trava a fim de fixar as garras em uma posição selecionada, impedindo o movimento do controle de articulação
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12/14
53, exceto quando desejado por um usuário do dispositivo.
[0044] A figura 7 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva da porção de base do controle de articulação 66 mostrando o mecanismo de mola 61 assentado em um recesso 70 da saliência em forma de anel 65.
[0045] A figura 8 é uma vista esquemática em perspectiva do controle de articulação 53, mostrando os retentores 62 em maior detalhe.
[0046] A figura 9 mostra uma modalidade alternativa da presente invenção, na qual um controle de articulação 93 inclui uma pluralidade de retentores 92 formados em um disco de indexação de retentor 97. A operação do controle 93 provoca a rotação em torno de um ponto de pivô 91 e encaixa uma esfera escalonada 95 em uma dentre uma pluralidade de retentores 92 formados no anel de indexação. Um mecanismo de êmbolo de esferas 94 mantém uma polarização sobre a esfera escalonada 95. O controle de indexação 93 inclui um par de pontos de fixação 98a, 98b, apresentados em maiores detalhes abaixo.
[0047] A figura 10 é uma vista em perspectiva do mecanismo de controle de indexação para o mecanismo de articulação no dispositivo laparoscópico. Conforme mostrado na figura 10, um par de ranhuras 100a, 100b é provido para o alojamento de cabos de controle (não mostrados).
[0048] A figura 11 é uma outra vista em perspectiva do mecanismo de controle para o punho de articulação em um dispositivo laparoscópico de acordo com a presente invenção. A figura 11 mostra claramente a disposição do controle de articulação 93 em conexão com o anel de indexação 97, e em particular mostra a fixação entre um par de pinos 98a, 98b.
[0049] A figura 12 é uma outra modalidade da presente invenção, mostrando um mecanismo de indexação composto de um pino de indexação 120, que é encaixado em uma fenda 121.
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13/14 [0050] A figura 13 é uma vista em perspectiva em seção mostrando o pino de indexação 120, que compreende uma porção de cabeça 131 e uma pluralidade de porções alargadas 130 que se encaixam em ou se desencaixam de um bloco de trava 133. Por conseguinte, esta modalidade da presente invenção compreende uma trava de engasgue, na qual a saliência do pino 120 prende a porção alargada do pino 130 no bloco 133, impedindo, assim, a rotação do mecanismo de controle de atuação.
[0051] A figura 14 é uma vista detalhada do mecanismo de engasgue, mostrando o pino 120, a cabeça 131 e os alargamentos 130 em maior detalhe.
[0052] A figura 15 é uma vista em perspectiva, parcialmente em seção de um dispositivo laparoscópico, mostrando um elemento de acionamento de acordo com a presente invenção. Os elementos de acionamento podem ser feitos de um fio redondo (aço inoxidável ou Nitinol), utilizando molas espirais apertadamente enroladas para suporte. Os elementos de acionamento podem também ser cintas planas de aço inoxidável 150, como mostrado nas figuras 15 e 16. A figura 15 mostra a seção de punho do dispositivo, enquanto a figura 16 mostra apenas os componentes de interesse, ou seja, a cinta de atuação de garra 150, o pino de fechamento 160, e a lâmina de corte 161. A presente modalidade substitui o fio redondo por cintas planas e suporta as cintas utilizando a estrutura interna das vértebras. Outras modalidades poderão utilizar cintas chatas de polímero a fim de prover um suporte adicional. Estas cintas podem ser também de PTFE (Teflon®) ou FEP. A estrutura de suporte também pode envolver uma canalização de encolhimento de PTFE ou FEP sobre a lâmina e/ou a cinta de atuação de garra.
[0053] Embora a presente invenção seja descrita com referência à modalidade preferida, um versado na técnica prontamente irá apreciar
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14/14 que outras aplicações podem ser substituídas por aquelas apresentadas no presente documento, sem se afastar do espírito e âmbito de aplicação da presente invenção. Por conseguinte, a presente invenção deve ser limitada apenas pelas reivindicações incluídas abaixo.
Claims (13)
1/4
REIVINDICAÇÕES
1. Instrumento de apreensão laparoscópica, compreendendo:
- uma haste alongada (24) tendo um conjunto de garras (25) opostas associadas a uma extremidade distal da mesma e um manípulo (43, 44) associado a uma extremidade proximal da mesma;
- um punho de articulação (18, 19) posicionado entre a dita haste (24) e o dito conjunto de garras (25) para realizar o movimento das ditas garras (25) com relação à dita haste (24), conforme desejado, tanto à esquerda como à direita, a partir da linha de centro,
- um atuador (53) associado ao dito manípulo (43, 44);
- pelo menos um elemento de transferência de força (34a, 34b) a fim de traduzir a operação do usuário do dito atuador (53) em um movimento das ditas garras (25) de modo a controlar o grau de articulação do dito instrumento; e
- um punho de articulação (22) adicional compreendendo um conjunto de vértebras pivotantes que são conectadas umas às outras, sendo que cada vértebra é adaptada para girar à esquerda e à direita a partir da linha de centro com relação a qualquer dentre a dita haste (24) e o dito conjunto de garras (25), caracterizado pelo fato de que,
- um mecanismo de trava para impedir o movimento do dito punho de articulação adicional (22) enquanto o dito usuário executa outras operações no dito instrumento,
- uma mola (61) tendo uma forma que se desvia quando uma força é aplicada à mesma;
- sendo que a dita mola (61) é alojada dentro de um transportador circular; e
- sendo que somente a parte deformável da dita mola (61) é acessível e se projeta a partir do dito transportador circular;
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2/4
- um elemento rotativo (65) tendo uma porção circular removida de uma área de pivô;
- sendo que o dito elemento rotativo (65) é adaptado para se encaixar sobre o dito transportador circular; e
- um padrão de dentes (62) que é removido de toda a extensão do dito diâmetro interno da dita porção circular do dito elemento rotativo, e compreende dentes;
- o dito elemento rotativo compreendendo braços (53) que se estendem a partir de um corpo central do mesmo para o qual o dito um ou mais elementos de transferência de força é fixado;
- sendo que a dita mola (61) se projeta para dentro dos entalhes criados pelo dito padrão de dentes; e
- sendo que um ângulo de articulação do dito punho adicional (22) é controlado pelas distâncias predeterminadas entre os ditos dentes e uma distância a partir de um ponto de fixação do dito um ou mais elementos de transferência de força para um ponto de pivô.
2. Instrumento de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda um elemento de atuação de garra.
3. Instrumento de acordo com a reivindicação 1 ou 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda um cortador e um elemento de acionamento de cortador.
4. Instrumento de acordo com a reivindicação 1, 2 ou 3, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda um suporte flexível para o dito elemento de transferência de força constituído por uma mola espiral apertadamente enrolada alojada no interior das juntas de punho a fim de rotear o dito elemento de acionamento.
5. Instrumento de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 4, caracterizado pelo fato de que o dito mecanismo de trava
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3/4 compreende ainda um mecanismo de indexação com o qual o dito usuário pode indexar ou escolher uma quantidade necessária de ângulo de garra entre ângulos predefinidos.
6. Instrumento de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 5, caracterizado pelo fato de que o dito elemento de transferência de força compreende um ou mais fios ou cabos que percorrem ambos os lados do punho de articulação adicional (22) para a transferência de forças a partir do dito atuador para o dito punho (22).
7. Instrumento de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 6, caracterizado pelo fato de que o dito atuador compreende:
- um conjunto rotativo que aloja um ou mais elementos de transferência de força a partir do dito punho;
- sendo que o dito conjunto rotativo é montado de modo a pivotar sobre um ponto de pivô no dito manípulo; e
- sendo que o dito atuador é configurado para rotação concêntrica sobre o dito ponto de pivô;
- sendo que o movimento no sentido do comprimento do dito um ou mais elementos de transferência de força ao longo da dita haste é controlado com base em uma distância a partir do dito ponto de pivô para um ponto de fixação do dito um ou mais elementos de transferência de força.
8. Instrumento de acordo com a reivindicação 7, caracterizado pelo fato de que um ângulo de articulação é controlado por uma distância pela qual o dito um ou mais elementos da força de transferência se movimenta, sendo esta determinada pela dita geometria de punho.
9. Instrumento de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 8, caracterizado pelo fato de que o dito mecanismo de trava compreende ainda:
- uma asa montada sobre a parte superior de um elemento
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4/4 rotativo;
- sendo que a dita asa é adaptada para ser manipulada de modo a controlar a rotação do dito elemento rotativo em torno de um transportador circular.
10. Instrumento de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 9, caracterizado pelo fato de que o conjunto de garras compreende ainda:
- pelo menos um conjunto de eletrodos para o recebimento de uma carga elétrica e para a transmissão da dita carga para um órgão ou tecido durante um procedimento de eletrocautério.
11. Instrumento de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 10, caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende ainda um elemento de acionamento de instrumento que executa a operação de instrumento selecionada, em resposta à atuação de instrumento selecionada pelo usuário.
12. Instrumento de acordo com a reivindicação 11, caracterizado pelo fato de que o dito elemento de acionamento compreende uma cinta chata.
13. Instrumento de acordo com a reivindicação 11, caracterizado pelo fato de que a dita operação de instrumento compreende o movimento de uma lâmina.
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| US12/027,231 | 2008-02-06 | ||
| US12/027,231 US20090198272A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2008-02-06 | Method and apparatus for articulating the wrist of a laparoscopic grasping instrument |
| PCT/US2009/033443 WO2009100366A2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-02-06 | Method and apparatus for articulating the wrist of a laparoscopic grasping instrument |
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| BRPI0908061B1 true BRPI0908061B1 (pt) | 2019-07-16 |
| BRPI0908061B8 BRPI0908061B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
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| JP (1) | JP5704926B2 (pt) |
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-
2008
- 2008-02-06 US US12/027,231 patent/US20090198272A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2009
- 2009-02-06 CA CA2713983A patent/CA2713983C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-06 KR KR1020107017567A patent/KR101610974B1/ko active Active
- 2009-02-06 CN CN2013102718322A patent/CN103405262A/zh active Pending
- 2009-02-06 BR BRPI0908061A patent/BRPI0908061B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2009-02-06 MX MX2010008634A patent/MX2010008634A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-02-06 JP JP2010546064A patent/JP5704926B2/ja active Active
- 2009-02-06 AU AU2009212240A patent/AU2009212240B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-02-06 WO PCT/US2009/033443 patent/WO2009100366A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-02-06 CN CN200980104230XA patent/CN101938946B/zh active Active
- 2009-02-06 ES ES09707446.2T patent/ES2553338T3/es active Active
- 2009-02-06 EP EP09707446.2A patent/EP2240095B1/en active Active
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| JP5704926B2 (ja) | 2015-04-22 |
| EP2240095A4 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
| WO2009100366A2 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| US20090198272A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| CN101938946B (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
| KR20100118573A (ko) | 2010-11-05 |
| CA2713983A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| ES2553338T3 (es) | 2015-12-07 |
| BRPI0908061B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
| EP2240095A2 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| AU2009212240B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
| CN103405262A (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
| AU2009212240A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| KR101610974B1 (ko) | 2016-04-20 |
| JP2011510800A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
| MX2010008634A (es) | 2010-12-02 |
| CN101938946A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
| CA2713983C (en) | 2014-08-05 |
| WO2009100366A3 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
| BRPI0908061A2 (pt) | 2015-08-11 |
| EP2240095B1 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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